Ubwoko / ibihaha / umurwayi / nto-selile-ibihaha-bivura-pdq

Kuvura Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya (®) - Indwara yabarwayi

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'ibihaha.

• Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa kanseri ntoya yibihaha.

• Kunywa itabi nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri y'ibihaha nto.

• Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri ntoya yibihaha harimo gukorora, guhumeka neza, no kubabara mu gatuza.

• Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo busuzuma ibihaha bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri ntoya yibihaha.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

• Ku barwayi benshi barwaye kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya, imiti iriho ntabwo ikiza kanseri.

Kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'ibihaha.

Ibihaha ni ingingo zihumeka zimeze nka cone ziboneka mu gatuza. Ibihaha bizana ogisijeni mu mubiri iyo uhumeka kandi ugakuramo karuboni ya dioxyde iyo uhumeka. Buri gihaha gifite ibice byitwa lobes. Ibihaha byibumoso bifite imyanya ibiri. Ibihaha byiburyo, binini cyane, bifite bitatu. Agace koroheje bita pleura kazengurutse ibihaha. Imiyoboro ibiri yitwa bronchi iyobora kuva muri trachea (umuyaga uhuha) iburyo n'ibumoso. Bronchi rimwe na rimwe nayo yibasirwa na kanseri y'ibihaha. Imiyoboro ntoya yitwa bronchioles hamwe nudufuka duto two mu kirere bita alveoli bigize imbere mu bihaha.

Anatomy ya sisitemu yubuhumekero, yerekana trachea nibihaha byombi hamwe na lobes zabo hamwe numwuka. Indirimbo ya Lymph na diaphragm nayo irerekanwa. Oxygene ihumeka mu bihaha ikanyura mu bice bito bya alveoli no mu maraso (reba inset).

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa kanseri y'ibihaha: kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya na kanseri y'ibihaha itari nto.

Iyi ncamake ivuga kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha no kuyivura. Reba incamake ya ikurikira kugirango umenye amakuru yerekeye kanseri y'ibihaha:

• Kuvura Kanseri y'ibihaha bitari bito

• Kanseri idasanzwe yo kuvura abana

• Kwirinda Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Kwipimisha Kanseri y'ibihaha

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa kanseri ntoya yibihaha.

Ubu bwoko bubiri burimo ubwoko bwinshi bwutugingo. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri muri buri bwoko zikura kandi zigakwirakwira muburyo butandukanye. Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya yitirirwa ubwoko bw'utugingo ngengabuzima dusanga muri kanseri n'uburyo selile zisa iyo urebye munsi ya microscope:

• Kanseri ntoya (kanseri ya oat selile).

• Uturemangingo duto twa kanseri.

Kunywa itabi nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri y'ibihaha nto.

Ikintu cyose cyongera amahirwe yo kwandura indwara cyitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura na kanseri y'ibihaha.

Impamvu zishobora gutera kanseri y'ibihaha zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kunywa itabi, imiyoboro, cyangwa itabi, ubu cyangwa kera. Iki nikintu cyingenzi gishobora gutera kanseri yibihaha. Kera mubuzima umuntu atangira kunywa itabi, burigihe umuntu anywa itabi, kandi uko umuntu anywa itabi, niko ibyago byo kurwara kanseri yibihaha.

• Guhura n'umwotsi.

• Guhura na asibesitosi, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nikel, soot, cyangwa tar mu kazi.

• Guhura nimirasire murimwe muribi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura amabere cyangwa igituza.

• Radon murugo cyangwa kukazi.

• Kwerekana amashusho nka CT scan.

• Imirasire ya bombe atomike.

• Gutura ahari umwanda.

• Kugira amateka yumuryango wa kanseri yibihaha.

• Kwandura virusi ya immunodeficiency ya muntu (VIH).

• Gufata inyongera ya beta karotene no kuba itabi riremereye.

Ubusaza nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri nyinshi. Amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri ariyongera uko ugenda ukura.

Iyo kunywa itabi bihujwe nibindi bintu bishobora guteza ibyago, kanseri yibihaha iba yiyongera.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri ntoya yibihaha harimo gukorora, guhumeka neza, no kubabara mu gatuza.

Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa na kanseri ntoya yibihaha cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Isanduku itameze neza cyangwa ububabare.

• Inkorora idashira cyangwa ikagenda nabi igihe.

• Guhumeka.

• Kuzunguruka.

• Amaraso muri spumum (mucus yakorora ibihaha).

• Gutontoma.

• Kumira ibibazo.

• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.

• Kumva unaniwe cyane.

• Kubyimba mumaso na / cyangwa imitsi mu ijosi.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo busuzuma ibihaha bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri ntoya yibihaha.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi, harimo kunywa itabi, nakazi kahise, indwara, nubuvuzi.

• Ibizamini bya laboratoire: Uburyo bwubuvuzi bupima ingero za tissue, maraso, inkari, cyangwa ibindi bintu mumubiri. Ibi bizamini bifasha gusuzuma indwara, gutegura no kugenzura imiti, cyangwa gukurikirana indwara mugihe.

• Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.

X-ray yigituza. X-imirasire ikoreshwa mugufata amashusho yingingo namagufwa yigituza. X-imirasire inyura kumurwayi kuri firime.

• CT scan (CAT scan) yubwonko, igituza, ninda: Inzira ikora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice biri mumubiri, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

• Indwara ya sputum: Microscope ikoreshwa mugusuzuma kanseri ya kanseri mu mucyo (mucus yakuwe mu bihaha).

• Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Uburyo butandukanye biopsy ishobora gukorwa harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyifuzo bya inshinge nziza (FNA) biopsy yibihaha: Gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa amazi mumahaha, ukoresheje urushinge ruto. CT scan, ultrasound, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gufata amashusho bikoreshwa mugushakisha ingirangingo zidasanzwe cyangwa amazi mumahaha. Agace gato gashobora gukorwa mu ruhu aho urushinge rwa biopsy rwinjijwe mu ngingo zidasanzwe cyangwa amazi. Icyitegererezo gikurwaho urushinge cyoherezwa muri laboratoire. Inzobere mu by'indwara noneho ireba icyitegererezo munsi ya microscope kugirango ishakishe selile. Isanduku x-ray ikorwa nyuma yuburyo bwo kureba niba nta mwuka uva mu bihaha ujya mu gituza.

Indwara nziza-inshinge biopsy yibihaha. Umurwayi aryamye kumeza anyerera mumashini yabazwe ya tomografiya (CT), ifata amashusho ya x-ray yimbere yumubiri. Amashusho ya x-ray afasha muganga kubona aho tissue idasanzwe iri mumahaha. Urushinge rwa biopsy rwinjizwa mu rukuta rw'igituza no mu gice cy'ibihaha bidasanzwe. Agace gato ka tissue bakuweho urushinge hanyuma bakagenzurwa munsi ya microscope kugirango bagaragaze ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Bronchoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere muri trachea n'inzira nini zo mu bihaha ahantu hadasanzwe. Bronchoscope yinjizwa mumazuru cyangwa umunwa muri trachea no mubihaha. Bronchoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscope yinjizwa mu kanwa, trachea, na bronchi nini mu bihaha, kugirango ishakishe ahantu hadasanzwe. Bronchoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukata. Ingero z'inyama zirashobora gufatwa kugirango zisuzumwe munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

• Thoracoscopy: Uburyo bwo kubaga kugirango urebe ingingo ziri mu gituza kugirango urebe ahantu hadasanzwe. Gukata (gukata) bikozwe hagati yimbavu ebyiri, hanyuma thoracoscope yinjizwa mu gituza. Thoracoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, gisa nigituba gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa lymph node sample, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Rimwe na rimwe, ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugukuraho igice cya esofagusi cyangwa ibihaha. Niba ibice bimwe, ingingo, cyangwa lymph node bidashobora kugerwaho, hashobora gukorwa thoracotomy. Muri ubu buryo, hakozwe intambwe nini hagati yimbavu nigituza kirakingurwa.

• Thoracentezi: Gukuramo amazi mumwanya uri hagati yigituza nigihaha , ukoresheje urushinge. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ireba amazi munsi ya microscope kugirango ishakishe selile.

• Mediastinoscopy: Uburyo bwo kubaga kureba ingingo, ingirangingo, na lymph node hagati y'ibihaha ahantu hadasanzwe. Gutema (gukata) bikozwe hejuru yigituza kandi mediastinoscope yinjizwa mugituza. Mediastinoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa lymph node sample, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Mikorosikopi yumucyo na electron: Ikizamini cya laboratoire aho selile ziri murugero rwa tissue zirebwa munsi ya microscopes isanzwe kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi kugirango ishakishe impinduka zimwe na zimwe.

• Immunohistochemie: Ikizamini cya laboratoire ikoresha antibodies kugirango igenzure antigene zimwe na zimwe (marikeri) mu cyitegererezo cyumubiri wumurwayi. Antibodies zisanzwe zifitanye isano na enzyme cyangwa irangi rya fluorescent. Antibodies zimaze guhuza antigen yihariye murugero rwa tissue, enzyme cyangwa irangi irakora, hanyuma antigen irashobora kuboneka munsi ya microscope. Ubu bwoko bw'ikizamini bukoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma kanseri no gufasha kubwira ubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri buva mu bundi bwoko bwa kanseri.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Icyiciro cya kanseri (cyaba kiri mu cyuho cy'igituza gusa cyangwa cyakwirakwiriye ahandi mu mubiri).

• Imyaka yumurwayi, igitsina, nubuzima rusange.

Ku barwayi bamwe, prognoz nayo iterwa no kumenya niba umurwayi avurwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nimirasire.

Ku barwayi benshi barwaye kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya, imiti iriho ntabwo ikiza kanseri.

Niba kanseri y'ibihaha ibonetse, abarwayi bagomba gutekereza ku kugira uruhare muri kimwe mu bigeragezo byinshi by’amavuriro bikorwa mu rwego rwo kunoza imiti. Igeragezwa ry’amavuriro ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by’igihugu ku barwayi bafite kanseri zose zifata kanseri y'ibihaha. Amakuru ajyanye nigeragezwa ryamavuriro arahari kurubuga rwa NCI.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri y'ibihaha nto

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha, hakozwe ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu gituza cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri y'ibihaha nto:

• Ntarengwa-Icyiciro gito Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Kinini-Icyiciro gito Kanseri yibihaha

Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha, hakozwe ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu gituza cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu gituza cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura. Bimwe mubizamini bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya nabyo bikoreshwa muguteza indwara. (Reba igice rusange cyamakuru.)

Ibindi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutegura harimo ibi bikurikira:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) yubwonko: Uburyo bukoresha magneti, imiraba ya radio, na mudasobwa kugirango ukore urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byumubiri. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkubwonko, igituza cyangwa inda yo hejuru, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

• PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe. PET scan na CT scan irashobora gukorwa mugihe kimwe. Ibi byitwa PET-CT.

• Gusikana amagufwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba mu magufwa hari selile zigabanya vuba, nka selile kanseri. Umubare muto cyane wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyiriza mu magufa hamwe na kanseri kandi bigaragazwa na scaneri.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri yibihaha mito ikwirakwira mubwonko, selile kanseri mubwonko mubyukuri ni kanseri yibihaha. Indwara ni kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ubwonko.

Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri y'ibihaha nto:

Ntarengwa-Icyiciro gito Kanseri y'ibihaha

Mu cyiciro gito, kanseri iri mu bihaha aho yatangiriye kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu gice kiri hagati y'ibihaha cyangwa kuri lymph node hejuru ya collarbone.

Kinini-Icyiciro gito Kanseri yibihaha

Mu cyiciro kinini, kanseri yakwirakwiriye hejuru y'ibihaha cyangwa agace kari hagati y'ibihaha cyangwa imisemburo ya lymph hejuru ya collarbone kugera ahandi mu mubiri.

Kanseri Yibihaha Yisubiramo

Kanseri y'ibihaha isubiramo kenshi ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kanseri irashobora kugaruka mu gituza, sisitemu yo hagati, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha.

• Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Kubaga

• Chimoterapi

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Immunotherapy

• Ubuvuzi bwa Laser

• Endoskopi ya stent

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya bishobora gutera ingaruka.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri ntoya y'ibihaha.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi bafite kanseri y'ibihaha nto. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Kubaga

Kubaga birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe kanseri iboneka mugihaha kimwe no hafi ya lymph node gusa. Kubera ko ubu bwoko bwa kanseri y'ibihaha iboneka mu bihaha byombi, kubaga byonyine ntibikoreshwa. Mugihe cyo kubagwa, umuganga azanakuraho lymph node kugirango amenye niba barwaye kanseri. Rimwe na rimwe, kubagwa birashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho icyitegererezo cyumubiri wibihaha kugirango umenye ubwoko bwa kanseri yibihaha.

Muganga amaze gukuraho kanseri zose zishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo kubagwa, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhabwa chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bice selile zose zisigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi yubwonko, urugingo, cyangwa umwobo wumubiri nkinda, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere (chimiotherapie yo mukarere). Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya kubindi bisobanuro.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Imiti ivura imishwarara yo hanze ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nk'ubuvuzi bwa palliative kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kandi imibereho myiza. Imiti ivura ubwonko kugirango igabanye ibyago ko kanseri ikwirakwira mu bwonko nayo ishobora gutangwa.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura kanseri nabwo bwitwa biotherapy cyangwa biologique therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy ni ubwoko bwikingira:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwingirangingo, nka selile T, hamwe na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zifite poroteyine zimwe na zimwe, bita proteine ​​proteyine, hejuru yabyo bikomeza kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo kanseri ya kanseri ifite proteine ​​nyinshi, ntabwo zizaterwa no kwicwa na selile T. Immune igenzura ibuza izo poroteyine kandi ubushobozi bwa selile T bwo kwica kanseri bwiyongera. Bakoreshwa mu kuvura abarwayi bamwe na bamwe bafite kanseri y'ibihaha yateye imbere.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwubudahangarwa bwo kugenzura indwara:

• CTLA-4 inhibitor: CTLA-4 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo CTLA-4 ifashe indi poroteyine yitwa B7 kuri selile ya kanseri, ibuza selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za CTLA-4 zifatanije na CTLA-4 kandi zemerera selile T kwica kanseri. Ipilimumab ni ubwoko bwa CTLA-4 inhibitor.

Immune igenzura. Intungamubiri za poroteyine, nka B7-1 / B7-2 kuri selile zerekana antigen (APC) na CTLA-4 kuri selile T, zifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo reseptor ya T-selile (TCR) ihuza na poroteyine za antigen hamwe ningenzi zikomeye za histocompatibilité (MHC) kuri APC na CD28 zihuza B7-1 / B7-2 kuri APC, selile T irashobora gukora. Ariko, guhuza B7-1 / B7-2 na CTLA-4 bituma selile T zidakora kuburyo zidashobora kwica selile yibibyimba mumubiri (panne ibumoso). Guhagarika guhuza B7-1 / B7-2 na CTLA-4 hamwe na inhibitor igenzura (antibody anti-CTLA-4) ituma selile T ikora kandi ikica selile yibibyimba (panel iburyo).

• PD-1 inhibitor: PD-1 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo PD-1 ifatanye nindi poroteyine yitwa PDL-1 kuri selile ya kanseri, ihagarika selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za PD-1 zifatanije na PDL-1 kandi zemerera selile T kwica selile. Pembrolizumab na nivolumab ni ubwoko bwa PD-1 inhibitor.

Immune igenzura. Intungamubiri za poroteyine, nka PD-L1 ku ngirabuzimafatizo na PD-1 kuri selile T, zifasha kugenzura ibisubizo by’ubudahangarwa. Guhambira PD-L1 na PD-1 bituma selile T itica selile yibibyimba mumubiri (panne ibumoso). Guhagarika guhuza PD-L1 na PD-1 hamwe na inhibitor igenzura (anti-PD-L1 cyangwa anti-PD-1) ituma selile T yica selile yibibyimba (panne iburyo).

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya kubindi bisobanuro.

Ubuvuzi bwa Laser

Ubuvuzi bwa Laser nubuvuzi bwa kanseri bukoresha urumuri rwa lazeri (urumuri ruto rw'urumuri rwinshi) mu kwica kanseri.

Endoskopi ya stent

Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gikoreshwa mukureba imyenda imbere mumubiri. Endoscope ifite urumuri ninzira yo kureba kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugushira stent mumiterere yumubiri kugirango imiterere ikingure. Stent ya endoscopique irashobora gukoreshwa mugukingura umwuka uhumeka nuduce tudasanzwe.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya bishobora gutera ingaruka. Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Icyiciro

Muri iki gice

• Ntarengwa-Icyiciro gito Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Kinini-Icyiciro gito Kanseri yibihaha

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Ntarengwa-Icyiciro gito Kanseri y'ibihaha

Kuvura kanseri ntoya ya kanseri y'ibihaha irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kuvura chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire mugituza. Imiti ivura ubwonko irashobora guhabwa abarwayi bafite ibisubizo byuzuye.

• Imiti ya chimiotherapie yonyine kubarwayi badashobora guhabwa imiti ivura imirasire.

• Kubaga bikurikirwa na chimiotherapie.

• Kubaga bikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire.

• Imiti ivura ubwonko irashobora guhabwa abarwayi bafite ibisubizo byuzuye, kugirango birinde ubwonko bwa kanseri mu bwonko.

• Ibigeragezo bivura imiti mishya, kubaga, no kuvura imirasire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kinini-Icyiciro gito Kanseri yibihaha

Kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya ya kanseri y'ibihaha irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Imiti ivura ubwonko, umugongo, amagufwa, cyangwa ibindi bice byumubiri aho kanseri yakwirakwiriye, nkubuvuzi bwa palliative bwo kugabanya ibimenyetso no kuzamura imibereho.

• Imiti ivura igituza irashobora guhabwa abarwayi bitabira chimiotherapie.

• Imiti ivura ubwonko irashobora guhabwa abarwayi bafite ibisubizo byuzuye, kugirango birinde ubwonko bwa kanseri mu bwonko.
• Igeragezwa rya Clinical yubuvuzi bushya hamwe na chimiotherapie cyangwa immunotherapy hamwe na inhibitor immunite.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha ntoya isubirwamo bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimoterapi.

• Immunotherapy hamwe na inhibitor ya immunite.

• Imiti ivura imishwarara nka palliative therapy kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kandi izamure ubuzima.

• Ubuvuzi bwa Laser, gushyira stent kugirango uhumeke umwuka, kandi / cyangwa imiti yimirasire yimbere nkubuvuzi bwa palliative kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso kandi uzamure ubuzima.

• Igeragezwa rya Clinical yubuvuzi bushya bwa chimiotherapie.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri kanseri y'ibihaha nto

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri ntoya yibihaha, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri y'ibihaha Urupapuro

• Kwirinda Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Kwipimisha Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yibihaha Ntoya

• Itabi (rikubiyemo ubufasha mu kureka)

• Kunywa itabi: Ingaruka zubuzima nuburyo bwo kubireka

• Umwotsi wa Kanseri na Kanseri

Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Gutegura

• Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi