Ubwoko / leukemia / umurwayi / umwana-aml-kwivuza-pdq

Ubwana Bukaze Myeloid Leukemia / Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura indwara mbi ya Myeloid (®) –Abarwayi

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Ubwana Acite Myeloid Leukemia nizindi Myeloid Malignancies

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Ubwana bukabije myeloid leukemia (AML) ni ubwoko bwa kanseri aho igufwa ryamagufa rikora umubare munini wamaraso adasanzwe.

• Leukemia nizindi ndwara zamaraso namagufa arashobora kugira ingaruka kumaraso atukura, selile yera, na platine.

• Izindi ndwara za myeloid zirashobora gufata amaraso n'amagufa.

• Inzibacyuho idasanzwe myelopoiesis (TAM)

• Indwara ya leyemia ikaze (APL)

• Umwana muto myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)

• Indwara ya leukemia idakira (CML)

• Syndromes ya Myelodysplastic (MDS)

• AML cyangwa MDS irashobora kubaho nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ya chimiotherapie hamwe na / cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

• Impamvu ziterwa nubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS zirasa.

• Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, cyangwa MDS harimo umuriro, kumva unaniwe, no kuva amaraso byoroshye cyangwa gukomeretsa.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma amaraso n'amagufa bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma ubwana AML, TAM, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Ubwana bukabije myeloid leukemia (AML) ni ubwoko bwa kanseri aho igufwa ryamagufa rikora umubare munini wamaraso adasanzwe.

Ubwana bukabije myeloid leukemia (AML) ni kanseri y'amaraso n'amagufa. AML nayo yitwa acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, na acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Kanseri ikaze mubisanzwe irushaho kwiyongera iyo itavuwe. Kanseri zidakira zisanzwe ziyongera buhoro buhoro.

Anatomy yamagufwa. Igufwa rigizwe n'amagufwa magufi, amagufwa ya spongy, n'amagufwa. Amagufwa magufi agize igice cyinyuma cyamagufwa. Amagufwa ya spongy aboneka cyane kumpera yamagufa kandi arimo umusemburo utukura. Amagufwa yo mu magufa aboneka hagati yamagufwa menshi kandi afite imiyoboro myinshi yamaraso. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwamagufwa: umutuku numuhondo. Umutuku utukura urimo ingirangingo z'amaraso zishobora guhinduka selile zitukura, selile yera, cyangwa platine. Umuhondo wumuhondo ugizwe ahanini namavuta.

Leukemia nizindi ndwara zamaraso namagufa arashobora kugira ingaruka kumaraso atukura, selile yera, na platine.

Mubisanzwe, igufwa ryamagufa ritera ingirangingo zamaraso (selile zidakuze) zihinduka selile yamaraso ikuze mugihe runaka. Ingirabuzimafatizo y'amaraso irashobora guhinduka myeloid stem selile cyangwa lymphoide stem selile. Lymphoide stem selile iba selile yera.

Ingirabuzimafatizo ya myeloid ihinduka bumwe mu bwoko butatu bw'amaraso akuze:

• Uturemangingo twamaraso dutukura dutwara ogisijeni nibindi bintu mubice byose byumubiri.

• Utugingo ngengabuzima twera turwanya indwara n'indwara.

• Amashanyarazi akora amaraso kugirango areke kuva amaraso.

Gukura kw'amaraso. Ingirabuzimafatizo y'amaraso inyura mu ntambwe nyinshi kugirango ihinduke selile itukura, platine, cyangwa selile yera.

Muri AML, selile stem myeloid mubisanzwe ihinduka ubwoko bwamaraso yera adakuze yitwa myeloblasts (cyangwa myeloid blasts). Myeloblasts, cyangwa selile leukemia, muri AML ntisanzwe kandi ntabwo ihinduka selile yera yera. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya leukemia irashobora kwiyubaka mu maraso no mu magufa bityo hakaba hataboneka umwanya muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera, selile zitukura, na platine. Iyo ibi bibaye, kwandura, kubura amaraso, cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye birashobora kubaho.

Ingirabuzimafatizo ya leukemia irashobora gukwirakwira hanze yamaraso mu bindi bice byumubiri, harimo na sisitemu yo hagati (ubwonko nu mugongo), uruhu, nishinya. Rimwe na rimwe, selile ya leukemia ikora ikibyimba gikomeye cyitwa granulocytic sarcoma cyangwa chloroma.

Izindi ndwara za myeloid zirashobora gufata amaraso n'amagufa.

Inzibacyuho idasanzwe myelopoiesis (TAM)

TAM ni indwara yo mu magufa ishobora gukura mu bana bavutse bafite syndrome de Down. Mubisanzwe bigenda byonyine mumezi 3 yambere yubuzima. Impinja zifite TAM zifite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura AML mbere yimyaka 3. TAM nanone yitwa myeloproliferative disorder cyangwa leukemia yinzibacyuho.

Indwara ya leyemia ikaze (APL)

APL ni ubwoko bwa AML. Muri APL, gen zimwe zimwe kuri chromosome 15 zihindura ahantu hamwe na genes zimwe kuri chromosome 17 hanyuma hakorwa gene idasanzwe yitwa PML-RARA. Gene ya PML-RARA yohereza ubutumwa buhagarika promyelocytes (ubwoko bwamaraso yera) gukura. Promyelocytes (selile leukemia) irashobora kwiyubaka mumaraso no mumagufa kugirango habeho umwanya muto wa selile yera yera, selile itukura, na platine. Ibibazo byo kuva amaraso menshi no gutembera kw'amaraso nabyo birashobora kubaho. Iki nikibazo gikomeye cyubuzima gikeneye kuvurwa vuba bishoboka.

Umwana muto myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)

JMML ni kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana bafite imyaka 2 kandi ikunze kugaragara ku bahungu. Muri JMML, selile nyinshi zamaraso ya myeloid zihinduka myelocytes na monocytes (ubwoko bubiri bwamaraso yera). Amwe murayo maraso ya myeloid selile ntagishobora guhinduka selile yera ikuze. Izi selile zidakuze, zitwa guturika, ntizishobora gukora akazi kabo gasanzwe. Nyuma yigihe, myelocytes, monocytes, hamwe nibisasu byuzuyemo uturemangingo twamaraso dutukura hamwe na platine mu magufa. Iyo ibi bibaye, kwandura, kubura amaraso, cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye birashobora kubaho.

Indwara ya leukemia idakira (CML)

CML itangirira mumasemburo ya myeloid hakiri kare mugihe habaye ihinduka runaka rya gen. Igice cya gen, gikubiyemo gene ABL, kuri chromosome 9 ihindura ahantu hamwe nigice cya gen kuri chromosome 22, ifite gene ya BCR. Ibi bituma chromosome ngufi cyane 22 (yitwa Philadelphia chromosome) hamwe na chromosome ndende cyane 9. Gene idasanzwe ya BCR-ABL ikorwa kuri chromosome 22. Gene ya BCR-ABL ibwira selile yamaraso gukora proteine ​​nyinshi cyane yitwa tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase itera selile nyinshi zamaraso yera (selile leukemia) zikorwa mumagufwa. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya leukemia irashobora kwiyubaka mu maraso no mu magufa bityo hakaba hataboneka umwanya muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera, selile zitukura, na platine. Iyo ibi bibaye, kwandura, kubura amaraso, cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye birashobora kubaho. CML ni gake mu bana.

Chromosome ya Philadelphia. Igice cya chromosome 9 nigice cya chromosome 22 kirahagarara hamwe nubucuruzi. Gene ya BCR-ABL ikorwa kuri chromosome 22 aho igice cya chromosome 9 gifatanye. Chromosome yahinduwe 22 yitwa Philadelphia chromosome.

Syndromes ya Myelodysplastic (MDS)

MDS igaragara cyane mubana kuruta kubantu bakuru. Muri MDS, igufwa ryamagufa rikora selile nkeya zitukura, selile yera, na platine. Izi selile zamaraso ntizishobora gukura no kwinjira mumaraso. Ubwoko bwa MDS buterwa n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twamaraso twanduye.

Ubuvuzi bwa MDS buterwa nuburyo umubare muto wamaraso atukura, selile yera, cyangwa platine. Igihe kirenze, MDS irashobora guhinduka AML.

Iyi ncamake ivuga kubyerekeye ubwana AML, TAM, APL yo mu bwana, JMML, CML yo mu bwana, na MDS yo mu bwana. Reba Incamake yo kuvura indwara ya Lymphoblastique yo mu bwana kugira ngo umenye amakuru yerekeye kuvura indwara ya lymphoblastique ikaze yo mu bwana.

AML cyangwa MDS irashobora kubaho nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ya chimiotherapie hamwe na / cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Kuvura kanseri hamwe n'imiti imwe n'imwe ya chimiotherapie hamwe na / cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gutera imiti ijyanye na AML (t-AML) cyangwa MDS (t-MDS). Ingaruka zizi ndwara ziterwa na myeloid ziterwa nubuvuzi bwuzuye bwimiti ya chimiotherapie ikoreshwa hamwe nimirasire yumurima hamwe nubuvuzi. Bamwe mu barwayi bafite ibyago byo kuragwa kuri t-AML na t-MDS. Izi ndwara zijyanye no kuvura zibaho mugihe cyimyaka 7 nyuma yo kuvurwa, ariko ni gake mubana.

Impamvu ziterwa nubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS zirasa.

Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wumwana wawe niba utekereza ko umwana wawe ashobora guhura nibibazo. Izi ngingo nizindi zishobora kongera ibyago byubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS:

• Kugira umuvandimwe cyangwa mushiki wawe, cyane cyane impanga, hamwe na leukemia.

• Kuba Hispanic.

• Guhura numwotsi w itabi cyangwa inzoga mbere yo kuvuka.

• Kugira amateka yihariye yo kubura amaraso make.

• Kugira amateka yumuntu cyangwa umuryango wa MDS.

• Kugira amateka yumuryango wa AML.

• Ubuvuzi bwa kera hamwe na chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

• Guhura nimirasire ya ionizing cyangwa imiti nka benzene.

• Kugira syndromes zimwe cyangwa imurage yarazwe, nka:

• Indwara ya syndrome.

• Amaraso make.

• Amaraso make.

• Neurofibromatose ubwoko bwa 1.

• Indwara ya Noonan.

• Indwara ya Shwachman-Diamond.

• Indwara ya Li-Fraumeni.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, cyangwa MDS harimo umuriro, kumva unaniwe, no kuva amaraso byoroshye cyangwa gukomeretsa.

Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa nubwana AML, APL, JMML, CML, cyangwa MDS cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro ufite cyangwa udafite infection.

• Ibyuya bya nijoro.

• Kubura umwuka.

• Intege nke cyangwa kumva unaniwe.

• Gukomeretsa byoroshye cyangwa kuva amaraso.

• Petechiae (ibibara binini, bitagaragara munsi yuruhu biterwa no kuva amaraso).

• Kubabara mu magufa cyangwa ingingo.

• Kubabara cyangwa kumva wuzuye munsi yimbavu.

• Ibibyimba bitababara mu ijosi, munsi yintoki, igifu, igituba, cyangwa ibindi bice byumubiri. Mu bwana AML, ibi bibyimba, bita leukemia

• gukata, birashobora kuba ubururu cyangwa ibara ry'umuyugubwe.

• Ibibyimba bitababaza rimwe na rimwe bikikije amaso. Ibibyimba, bita chloroma, rimwe na rimwe bigaragara mu bwana AML kandi bishobora kuba ubururu-icyatsi.

• Uruhu rumeze nka eczema.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya TAM bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubyimba umubiri wose.

• Kubura umwuka.

• Guhumeka.

• Intege nke cyangwa kumva unaniwe.

• Kuva amaraso menshi, ndetse no kuva muke.

• Petechiae (ibibara binini, bitagaragara munsi yuruhu biterwa no kuva amaraso).

• Kubabara munsi y'urubavu.

• Uruhu.

• Jaundice (umuhondo w'uruhu n'umweru w'amaso).

• Kubabara umutwe, ikibazo cyo kubona, no kwitiranya ibintu.

Rimwe na rimwe, TAM ntabwo itera ibimenyetso na gato kandi isuzumwa nyuma yo gupimwa bisanzwe.

Ibizamini bisuzuma amaraso n'amagufa bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma ubwana AML, TAM, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS. Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.
• Umubare wuzuye wamaraso (CBC) ufite itandukaniro: Uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rwamaraso no gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura na platine.

• Umubare nubwoko bwingirangingo zamaraso yera.

• Ingano ya hemoglobine (proteyine itwara ogisijeni) mu ngirangingo z'amaraso atukura.

• Igice cyicyitegererezo cyamaraso kigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zitukura.

Kubara amaraso yuzuye (CBC). Amaraso akusanywa no kwinjiza inshinge mumitsi no kwemerera amaraso gutembera mumiyoboro. Icyitegererezo cyamaraso cyoherezwa muri laboratoire hanyuma selile zitukura, selile yera, na platine zirabaze. CBC ikoreshwa mugupima, gusuzuma, no gukurikirana ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.

Ubushakashatsi bwa chimie yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara.

• Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.

• Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Biopsies ishobora gukorwa harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Amagufa ya marrow aspiration na biopsy: Gukuraho igufwa ryamagufa, amaraso, nigice gito cyamagufwa winjiza urushinge rudafite epfo na ruguru cyangwa amabere.

Amagufa ya marrow icyifuzo na biopsy. Nyuma yuko agace gato k'uruhu kamaze kunanirwa, urushinge rw'amagufwa rwinjizwa mu igufwa ry'umwana. Ingero z'amaraso, amagufwa, n'amagufwa byavanyweho kugirango bisuzumwe kuri microscope.

• Tumor biopsy: Biopsy ya chloroma irashobora gukorwa.

• Lymph node biopsy: Gukuraho ibintu byose cyangwa igice cya lymph node.

• Immunophenotyping: Ikizamini cya laboratoire ikoresha antibodies kugirango hamenyekane kanseri ya kanseri ukurikije ubwoko bwa antigene cyangwa ibimenyetso hejuru ya selile. Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugufasha gusuzuma ubwoko bwihariye bwa leukemia.

• Isesengura rya Cytogenetike: Ikizamini cya laboratoire kibarwa chromosomes yingirabuzimafatizo mu cyitegererezo cyamaraso cyangwa igufwa ryamagufwa ikabarwa kandi ikagenzurwa niba hari impinduka, nko kuvunika, kubura, gutondekanya, cyangwa chromosomes ziyongera. Impinduka muri chromosomes zimwe zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri. Isesengura rya Cytogenetike rikoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma kanseri, gutegura gahunda yo kuvura, cyangwa kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza.

Ikizamini gikurikira ni ubwoko bwisesengura rya cytogenetike:

• AMAFI (fluorescence in situ hybridisation): Ikizamini cya laboratoire ikoreshwa mu kureba no kubara gen cyangwa chromosomes mu ngirabuzimafatizo no mu ngingo. Ibice bya ADN birimo amarangi ya fluorescent bikozwe muri laboratoire hanyuma bikongerwaho icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo cyangwa ingirangingo z'umurwayi. Iyo ibyo bice bisize irangi bya ADN bifatanye na gen cyangwa uduce twa chromosomes murugero, biramurika iyo urebye munsi ya microscope ya fluorescent. Ikizamini cy'Amafi gikoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma kanseri no gufasha kuvura.

• Kwipimisha molekuline: Ikizamini cya laboratoire kugirango harebwe genes zimwe na zimwe, poroteyine, cyangwa izindi molekile mu cyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyangwa igufwa. Ibizamini bya molekuline kandi bigenzura impinduka zimwe na zimwe muri gene cyangwa chromosome ishobora gutera cyangwa igira ingaruka kumahirwe yo gutera AML. Ikizamini cya molekuline kirashobora gukoreshwa mugufasha gutegura gahunda yo kuvura, kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza, cyangwa gukora prognoz.

• Gutobora Lumbar: Uburyo bukoreshwa mugukusanya icyitegererezo cyamazi yo mu bwonko (CSF) kuva kumugongo. Ibi bikorwa mugushira urushinge hagati yamagufa abiri murugongo no muri CSF ikikije uruti rwumugongo no gukuramo icyitegererezo cyamazi. Icyitegererezo cya CSF gisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byerekana ko selile ya leukemia yakwirakwiriye mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ubu buryo bwitwa LP cyangwa igikanda.

Gutobora. Umurwayi aryamye mumwanya uhetamye kumeza. Nyuma yumwanya muto kumugongo wo hasi ucecetse, urushinge rwumugongo (urushinge rurerure, ruto) rwinjizwa mubice byo hepfo yinkingi yumugongo kugirango rukureho ubwonko bwubwonko (CSF, bwerekanwe mubururu). Amazi arashobora koherezwa muri laboratoire kugirango isuzumwe.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura bwana AML biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka y'umwana iyo bapimwe kanseri.

• Ubwoko cyangwa ubwoko bwumwana.

• Niba umwana afite umubyibuho ukabije.

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera mu maraso mugupima.

• Niba AML yarabaye nyuma yo kuvura kanseri mbere.

• Ubwoko bwa AML.

• Haba hari chromosome cyangwa gene ihinduka muri selile ya leukemia.

• Niba umwana afite syndrome de Down. Abana benshi barwaye syndrome ya AML na Down barashobora gukira indwara ya leukemia.

• Niba leukemia iri muri sisitemu yo hagati (ubwonko nu mugongo).

• Nigute byihuse leukemia yitabira kuvura.

• Niba AML isuzumwe vuba (itavuwe) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

• Uburebure bwigihe kuva kwivuza bwarangiye, kuri AML yagarutse.

Kumenyekanisha mubana APL biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera mu maraso mugupima.

• Haba hari chromosome cyangwa gene ihinduka muri selile ya leukemia.

• Niba APL isuzumwe vuba (itavuwe) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Amahitamo yo kuvura no kuvura kuri JMML biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka y'umwana iyo bapimwe kanseri.

• Ubwoko bwa gene bwagize ingaruka numubare wa gen zigira impinduka.

• Ni bangahe monocytes (ubwoko bwa selile yera) iri mumaraso.

• Nangahe hemoglobine iri mumaraso.

• Niba JMML isuzumwe vuba (itavuwe) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Amahitamo yo kuvura no kuvura kubana CML biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Igihe kingana iki kuva umurwayi bamusuzumye.

• Ingirabuzimafatizo zingahe ziri mumaraso.

• Niba nuburyo buryo bwuzuye uturemangingo tubura mumaraso namagufwa nyuma yubuvuzi butangiye.

• Niba CML isuzumwe vuba (itavuwe) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Amahitamo yo kuvura no kuvura MDS biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Niba MDS yaratewe no kuvura kanseri mbere.

• Mbega umubare muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, selile yera, cyangwa platine.

• Niba MDS isuzumwe vuba (itavuwe) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Icyiciro cyubwana Acite Myeloid Leukemia nizindi Myeloid Malignancies

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Bimaze gupimwa mu bwana acute myeloid leukemia (AML), hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Nta buryo busanzwe bwo kubika bwana AML, ubwana bukabije bwa promyelocytic leukemia (APL), myelomonocytic leukemia yumwana (JMML), indwara ya myelogenous leukemia yo mu bwana (CML), cyangwa syndromes ya myelodysplastic (MDS).

• Ubwana bwisubiramo AML yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Bimaze gupimwa mu bwana acute myeloid leukemia (AML), hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane niba leukemia yakwirakwiriye kuva mumaraso ikagera mubindi bice byumubiri:

• Gutobora Lumbar: Uburyo bukoreshwa mugukusanya icyitegererezo cyamazi yo mu bwonko (CSF) kuva kumugongo. Ibi bikorwa mugushira urushinge hagati yamagufa abiri murugongo no muri CSF ikikije uruti rwumugongo no gukuramo icyitegererezo cyamazi. Icyitegererezo cya CSF gisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byerekana ko selile ya leukemia yakwirakwiriye mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ubu buryo bwitwa LP cyangwa igikanda.

• Biopsy ya testicles, ovaries, cyangwa uruhu: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo mu ntangangore, intanga ngore, cyangwa uruhu kugirango biboneke munsi ya microscope kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Ibi bikorwa gusa mugihe hari ikintu kidasanzwe kijyanye na testicles, ovaries, cyangwa uruhu rubonetse mugihe cyizamini cyumubiri.

Nta buryo busanzwe bwo kubika bwana AML, ubwana bukabije bwa promyelocytic leukemia (APL), myelomonocytic leukemia yumwana (JMML), indwara ya myelogenous leukemia yo mu bwana (CML), cyangwa syndromes ya myelodysplastic (MDS).

Ingano cyangwa ikwirakwizwa rya kanseri mubisanzwe bisobanurwa nkibyiciro. Aho kuba ibyiciro, kuvura ubwana AML, ubwana APL, JMML, CML yo mu bwana, na MDS bishingiye kuri kimwe cyangwa byinshi muribi bikurikira:

• Ubwoko bw'indwara cyangwa ubwoko bwa AML.

• Niba leukemia yarakwirakwiriye hanze yamaraso namagufa.

• Niba indwara isuzumwe vuba, mugukiza, cyangwa kugaruka.

Indwara nshya yasuzumwe AML

Ubwana bushya bwamenyekanye mu bwana AML ntabwo yigeze ivurwa usibye kugabanya ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, kuva amaraso, cyangwa ububabare, kandi kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kiboneka:

• Kurenga 20% by'utugingo ngengabuzima two mu magufwa ni uguturika (selile leukemia).

cyangwa

• Hafi ya 20% ya selile zo mumagufa ni uguturika kandi hari impinduka runaka muri chromosome.

Ubwana bwa AML mubisubizo

Mu bwana AML mu gukira, indwara yaravuwe kandi haboneka ibi bikurikira:

• Kubara amaraso byuzuye nibisanzwe.

• Hafi ya 5% yingirabuzimafatizo ziri mu magufa ni uguturika (selile leukemia).

• Nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya leukemia mu bwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa ibindi bice by'umubiri.

Ubwana bwisubiramo AML yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Mu bwana bwakunze kubaho AML, kanseri irashobora kugaruka mumaraso no mumagufwa cyangwa mubindi bice byumubiri, nka sisitemu yo hagati (ubwonko nu mugongo).

Mu bwana bworoheje AML, kanseri ntabwo yitabira kwivuza.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abana bafite AML, TAM, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS.

• Umuti utegurwa nitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura indwara ya leukemia yo mu bwana nizindi ndwara zamaraso.

• Umuti wo mu bwana acute myeloid leukemia urashobora gutera ingaruka.

• Ubuvuzi bwabana AML mubusanzwe bufite ibyiciro bibiri.

• Ubwoko burindwi bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa mubana AML, TAM, ubwana APL, JMML, CML yo mu bwana, na MDS.

• Chimoterapi

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo

• Ubuvuzi bugamije

• Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ibiyobyabwenge

• Gutegereza neza

• Kwitaho ubufasha

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Immunotherapy

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abana bafite AML, TAM, APL, JMML, CML, na MDS.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubana barwaye leukemia ikaze (AML), myelopoiesis idasanzwe (TAM), leukemia ikaze idasanzwe (APL), myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), myelogenous leukemia (CML), na myelodysplastic syndromes. . Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Kubera ko AML nizindi ndwara za myeloid zidasanzwe mubana, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi bataratangira kwivuza.

Umuti utegurwa nitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura indwara ya leukemia yo mu bwana nizindi ndwara zamaraso.

Umuti uzakurikiranwa n’umuganga w’abana oncologue, umuganga winzobere mu kuvura abana barwaye kanseri. Oncologue wabana akorana nabandi batanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura abana barwaye leukemia kandi bazobereye mubice bimwe na bimwe byubuvuzi. Aba bashobora kuba barimo inzobere zikurikira:

• Umuganga w'abana.

• Hematologue.

• Umuganga wa oncologue.

• Umuganga ubaga abana.

• Imirasire ya oncologue.

• Neurologue.

• Neuropathologue.

• Neuroradiologue.

• Inzobere mu baforomo b'abana.

• Ushinzwe imibereho myiza.

• Inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.

• Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu.

Umuti wo mu bwana acute myeloid leukemia urashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka zitangira mugihe cyo kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana buri gihe ni ngombwa. Ingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri zitangira nyuma yo kuvurwa zikomeza amezi cyangwa imyaka byitwa ingaruka zitinze. Ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri zishobora kuba zikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibibazo byumubiri.

• Impinduka mumyumvire, ibyiyumvo, gutekereza, kwiga, cyangwa kwibuka.

• Kanseri ya kabiri (ubwoko bushya bwa kanseri).

Ingaruka zimwe zitinze zishobora kuvurwa cyangwa kugenzurwa. Ni ngombwa ko ababyeyi b'abana bavurwa na AML cyangwa izindi ndwara z'amaraso baganira n'abaganga b'umwana wabo ku ngaruka kuvura kanseri bishobora kugira ku mwana wabo. (Reba incamake ya ku ngaruka Zitinze zo Kuvura Kanseri Yabana Kubindi bisobanuro).

Ubuvuzi bwabana AML mubusanzwe bufite ibyiciro bibiri.

Ubuvuzi bwabana AML bukorwa mubice:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Induction: Iki nicyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvura. Intego nukwica selile ya leukemia mumaraso no mumagufa. Ibi bishyira leukemia mubisubizo.

• Guhuriza hamwe / kuvura imbaraga: Iki nicyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvura. Itangira iyo leukemia imaze gukira. Intego yo kuvura ni ukwica selile zose zisigaye zihishe kandi zishobora kuba zidakora ariko zishobora gutangira kwiyongera no gutera kwisubiraho.

Umuti witwa central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis therapy urashobora gutangwa mugihe cyo kwinjiza imiti. Kuberako ibipimo bisanzwe bya chimiotherapie bidashobora kugera kuri selile ya leukemia muri CNS (ubwonko nu mugongo), selile ya leukemia irashobora kwihisha muri CNS. Imiti ya chimiotherapie irashobora kugera kuri selile ya leukemia muri CNS. Itangwa kwica selile ya leukemia no kugabanya amahirwe ya leukemia izongera (garuka).

Ubwoko burindwi bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa mubana AML, TAM, ubwana APL, JMML, CML yo mu bwana, na MDS.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi ya cerebrospinal fluid (intrathecal chimiotherapie), urugingo, cyangwa umwobo wumubiri nkinda, imiti yibasira cyane kanseri muri utwo turere (chimiotherapie yo mukarere). Imiti ya chimiotherapie ni imiti ikoresheje imiti irenze imwe ya chimiotherapie.

Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Muri AML, imiti ivura umunwa, imitsi, cyangwa mumazi ya cerebrospinal.

Muri AML, selile ya leukemia irashobora gukwirakwira mubwonko no / cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo. Chimiotherapie itangwa numunwa cyangwa imitsi kugirango ivure AML ntishobora kurenga inzitizi yubwonko bwamaraso kugirango yinjire mumazi azengurutse ubwonko numugongo. Ahubwo, chimiotherapie yatewe mumwanya wuzuye amazi kugirango yice selile ya leukemia ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye (chimiotherapie intrathecal).

Imiti ya chimiotherapie. Imiti igabanya ubukana yatewe mu mwanya wa intrathecal, niwo mwanya ufite amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF, yerekanwe mu bururu). Hariho inzira ebyiri zitandukanye zo gukora ibi. Bumwe mu buryo, bwerekanwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy’ishusho, ni ugutera imiti mu kigega cya Ommaya (ikintu kimeze nk'ikibumbano gishyirwa munsi y’umutwe mu gihe cyo kubagwa; gifata imiti uko inyura mu muyoboro muto mu bwonko ). Ubundi buryo, bwerekanwe mugice cyo hasi cyigishushanyo, ni ugutera inshinge muri CSF mugice cyo hepfo yinkingi yumugongo, nyuma yumwanya muto kumugongo wo hasi ubuze.

Reba ibiyobyabwenge byemewe kuri Acute Myeloid Leukemia kubindi bisobanuro.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Mu bwana AML, kuvura imishwarara yo hanze birashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura chloroma idasubiza chimiotherapie.

Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo

Chimoterapi itangwa kugirango yice kanseri cyangwa izindi selile zidasanzwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo nzima, harimo na selile zikora amaraso, nazo zirasenywa no kuvura kanseri. Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingirabuzimafatizo. Ingirabuzimafatizo (selile zidakuze) zivanwa mumaraso cyangwa igufwa ryumurwayi cyangwa umuterankunga hanyuma bikonjeshwa bikabikwa. Nyuma yuko umurwayi arangije chimiotherapie, selile stem yabitswe irashonga hanyuma igasubizwa umurwayi binyuze muri infusion. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zongeye gukoreshwa zikura (kandi zigarura) ingirangingo z'amaraso z'umubiri.

Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo. (Intambwe ya 1): Amaraso yakuwe mumitsi mumaboko yumuterankunga. Umurwayi cyangwa undi muntu ashobora kuba umuterankunga. Amaraso atembera mumashini ikuraho ingirabuzimafatizo. Noneho amaraso asubizwa abaterankunga binyuze mumitsi mumaboko yandi. (Intambwe ya 2): Umurwayi yakira chimiotherapie kugirango yice selile zikora amaraso. Umurwayi arashobora guhabwa imiti ivura imirasire (iterekanwa). (Intambwe ya 3): Umurwayi yakira ingirabuzimafatizo binyuze muri catheter yashyizwe mu maraso mu gituza.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Ubuvuzi bugamije ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu kugirango umenye kandi utere kanseri yihariye ya kanseri utangiza ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugamije harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Tyrosine kinase inhibitori: Ubuvuzi bwa Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) buhagarika ibimenyetso bikenewe kugirango ibibyimba bikure. TKIs ihagarika enzyme (tyrosine kinase) itera ingirabuzimafatizo kuba selile yera yera (guturika) kuruta umubiri ukeneye. TKIs irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie nkubuvuzi buvura (ubuvuzi butangwa nyuma yubuvuzi bwambere, kugirango bigabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka).

• Imatinib, dasatinib, na nilotinib ni ubwoko bwa TKIs zikoreshwa mu kuvura CML yo mu bwana.

• Sorafenib na trametinib barimo kwigwa mukuvura kanseri yo mu bwana.

• Ubuvuzi bwa antibody ya Monoclonal: Ubuvuzi bwa antibody ya Monoclonal ikoresha antibodies zakozwe muri laboratoire, ziva mubwoko bumwe bwimikorere ya selile. Iyi antibodies irashobora kumenya ibintu biri muri kanseri ya kanseri cyangwa ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gufasha kanseri gukura. Antibodiyite ifata ibintu kandi ikica selile ya kanseri, ikabuza gukura kwayo, cyangwa ikabuza gukwirakwira. Antibodiyite za Monoclonal zitangwa no gushiramo. Bashobora gukoreshwa bonyine cyangwa gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, uburozi, cyangwa ibikoresho bya radio bikoresha kanseri ya kanseri.

• Gemtuzumab ni ubwoko bwa antibody ya monoclonal ifatanye n'umuti wa chimiotherapie. Ikoreshwa mukuvura AML.

Selinexor ni imiti igamije kuvura irimo kwigwa kuvura AML itavunika cyangwa isubirwamo.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe kuri Leukemia kubindi bisobanuro.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ibiyobyabwenge

Lenalidomide irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igabanye gukenera guterwa abarwayi bafite syndromes ya myelodysplastic iterwa nimpinduka yihariye ya chromosome. Irimo kwigwa no kuvura abana bafite AML isubiramo kandi yanga.

Arsenic trioxide na aside-retinoic aside (ATRA) ni imiti yica ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa selile ya leukemia, ikabuza selile leukemia kugabana, cyangwa ifasha selile ya leukemia gukura mumasemburo yera. Iyi miti ikoreshwa mukuvura indwara ya leukemia ikaze.

Reba ibiyobyabwenge byemewe kuri Acute Myeloid Leukemia kubindi bisobanuro.

Gutegereza neza

Gutegereza witonze ni ugukurikiranira hafi uko umurwayi ameze atabanje kwivuza kugeza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara cyangwa bihindutse. Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura MDS cyangwa myelopoiesis idasanzwe (TAM).

Kwitaho ubufasha

Hitaweho ubufasha bugamije kugabanya ibibazo biterwa n'indwara cyangwa kuyivura. Abarwayi bose barwaye leukemia bahabwa imiti ivura. Ubuvuzi bufasha bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Transfusion: Uburyo bwo gutanga selile zitukura, selile yera, cyangwa platine kugirango bisimbuze selile yamaraso yangijwe nindwara cyangwa kuvura kanseri. Amaraso arashobora gutangwa nundi muntu cyangwa ashobora kuba yarakuwe kumurwayi mbere akabikwa kugeza bikenewe.

• Kuvura ibiyobyabwenge, nka antibiotique cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana.

• Leukapheresis: Uburyo bukoreshwa imashini idasanzwe kugirango ikure selile yera mumaraso. Amaraso akurwa kumurwayi agashyirwa mubice bitandukanya amaraso aho hakuweho selile yera. Amaraso asigaye noneho asubizwa mumaraso yumurwayi. Leukapheresis ikoreshwa mu kuvura abarwayi bafite umubare munini w'amaraso yera.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Iki gice cyincamake gisobanura imiti irimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ntishobora kuvuga ubuvuzi bushya burimo kwigwa. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura kanseri nabwo bwitwa biotherapy cyangwa ubuvuzi bwa biologiya.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri. Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba imiterere y'umwana wawe yarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Akana Myeloid Leukemia

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Umuti uherutse kuvurwa ukiri muto acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mugice cyinduction irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na antibody ya monoclonal (gemtuzumab).

• Hagati ya sisitemu yo hagati yubuvuzi hamwe na chimiotherapie intrathecal.

• Imiti ivura imirasire, kubarwayi barwaye granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) niba chimiotherapie idakora.

• Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo, kubarwayi bafite imiti ijyanye na AML.

Kuvura AML yo mu bwana mugihe cyo gukuraho (guhuza / gukomera) bivana na subtype ya AML kandi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no guterwa ingirabuzimafatizo ikoresheje ingirangingo z'amaraso ziva mu baterankunga.

Ubuvuzi bwubwana bwana AML bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Lenalidomide.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (selinexor).

• Uburyo bushya bwo guhuza imiti ya chimiotherapie.

Ubuvuzi bwabana bato AML bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie hamwe no guhinduranya ingirangingo, kubarwayi bagize kabiri.

• Guhindura ingirangingo ya kabiri, kubarwayi bafite uburwayi bwagarutse nyuma yo guterwa ingirangingo ya mbere.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (selinexor).

Amahitamo yo kuvura Myelopoiesis yigihe gito cyangwa Abana bafite Syndrome de Down na AML

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Inzibacyuho idasanzwe myelopoiesis (TAM) mubisanzwe igenda yonyine. Kuri TAM itagiye wenyine cyangwa itera ibindi bibazo byubuzima, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kwitaho ubufasha, harimo kuvura transfusion cyangwa leukapheresis.

• Chimoterapi.

Kuvura acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ku bana bafite imyaka 4 cyangwa irenga bafite syndrome de Down irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie wongeyeho sisitemu yo hagati yo hagati ya prophylaxis ivura hamwe na chimiotherapie intrathecal.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yuburyo bushya bwa chimiotherapie biterwa nuburyo umwana yitabira chimiotherapie yambere.

Kuvura AML mu bana barengeje imyaka 4 bafite syndrome ya Down birashobora kuba kimwe no kuvura abana badafite syndrome ya Down.

Amahitamo yo kuvura akiri muto Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura indwara ya leukemia ikabije yo mu bwana (APL) irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• All-trans retinoic aside (ATRA) wongeyeho chimiotherapie.

• Arsenic trioxide ivura.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique ya ATRA hamwe na arsenic trioxide ivura hamwe na chimiotherapie cyangwa idafite.

Kuvura ubwana bwa APL mugihe cyo gukuraho (guhuriza hamwe / kuvura imbaraga) bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• All-trans retinoic aside (ATRA) wongeyeho chimiotherapie.

Ubuvuzi bwabana bato APL bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Arsenic trioxide ivura.

• All-trans retinoic aside ivura (ATRA) wongeyeho chimiotherapie.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na antibody ya monoclonal (gemtuzumab).

• Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo ukoresheje ingirangingo zamaraso ziva kumurwayi cyangwa umuterankunga.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Leukemia yumwana muto

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura indwara ya myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no guterwa ingirangingo. Niba JMML isubiramo nyuma yo guterwa ingirangingo, insimburangingo ya kabiri irashobora gukorwa.

Umuti wo kwanga cyangwa kugaruka mubana JMML irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (trametinib).

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Ubwana Bidakira Myelogenous Leukemia

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Umuti wo mu bwana bwa myelogenous leukemia (CML) urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib, dasatinib, cyangwa nilotinib).

Umuti wo kwanga cyangwa kugaruka mubana CML irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (dasatinib cyangwa nilotinib).

• Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo ukoresheje ingirangingo zamaraso ziva kumuterankunga.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Syndromes ya Myelodysplastic

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura syndromes ya myelodysplastic yo mu bwana (MDS) irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo ukoresheje ingirangingo zamaraso ziva kumuterankunga.

• Kwitaho ubufasha, harimo kuvura transfusion na antibiotique.

• Ubuvuzi bwa Lenalidomide, kubarwayi bafite ihinduka rya gene.

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubuvuzi bugamije.

Niba MDS ihindutse acute myeloid leukemia (AML), kuvura bizaba kimwe no kuvura AML imaze kuvurwa.

Kugira ngo Wige Byinshi Kubana Bikabije Myeloid Leukemia nizindi mbi za Myeloid

Kubindi bisobanuro byaturutse mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye ubwana bukabije bwa myeloid leukemia nizindi ndwara mbi za myeloid, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kurwara Myeloid Leukemia

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe kuri Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

• Gutera Amaraso Yimitsi Yimitsi

• Intego zo kuvura Kanseri

Kubindi bisobanuro bya kanseri yo mu bwana hamwe nubundi buryo rusange bwa kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Kanseri yo mu bwana

• Umuti wo Gushakisha Kanseri Yabana Kureka

• Ingaruka Zitinze Kuvura Kanseri Yabana

• Ingimbi n'abangavu bafite kanseri

• Abana barwaye Kanseri: Imfashanyigisho ku babyeyi

• Kanseri mu bana n'ingimbi

• Gutegura

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi