Ubwoko / umutwe-nijosi / umurwayi / umuntu mukuru / oropharyngeal-kuvura-pdq
Ibirimo
Kuvura Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal (Abakuze) (®) - Indwara y'abarwayi
Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za oropharynx.
- Kunywa itabi cyangwa kwandura papillomavirus ya muntu (HPV) birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
- Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri ya oropharyngeal harimo ibibyimba mu ijosi no kubabara mu muhogo.
- Ibizamini bisuzuma umunwa n'umuhogo bikoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma no gutera kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
- Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.
Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za oropharynx.
Oropharynx nigice cyo hagati yigituba (umuhogo), inyuma yumunwa. Farynx ni umuyoboro udafite uburebure bwa santimetero 5 utangirira inyuma yizuru ukarangirira aho trachea (umuyaga uhuha) na esofagusi (umuyoboro uva mu muhogo ukageza mu gifu). Umwuka n'ibiribwa binyura mu muhogo munzira igana trachea cyangwa esofagus.
Oropharynx ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Amagage yoroshye.
- Urukuta rw'inyuma n'inyuma rw'umuhogo.
- Tonsil.
- Subira inyuma kimwe cya gatatu cyururimi.
Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi. Rimwe na rimwe, kanseri zirenze imwe zishobora kugaragara muri oropharynx no mu bindi bice byo mu kanwa, izuru, pharynx, larynx (agasanduku k'ijwi), trachea, cyangwa esofagusi icyarimwe.
Kanseri nyinshi ya oropharyngeal ni kanseri ya selile. Utugingo ngengabuzima ni utugingo ngengabuzima duto cyane, imbere imbere ya oropharynx.
Reba incamake ya ikurikira kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi:
- Kuvura Kanseri ya Hypopharyngeal (Abakuze)
- Kuvura Kanseri yo mu kanwa no mu kanwa (Abakuze)
- Indwara yo mu kanwa, Pharyngeal, na Laryngeal Kurinda Kanseri
- Kugenzura Kanseri yo mu kanwa, Pharyngeal, na Laryngeal Kanseri
Kunywa itabi cyangwa kwandura papillomavirus ya muntu (HPV) birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga.
Impamvu zikunze kwibasira kanseri ya oropharyngeal harimo ibi bikurikira:
- Amateka yo kunywa itabi mumyaka irenga 10 yamapaki nubundi kunywa itabi.
- Kwandura papillomavirus ya muntu (HPV), cyane cyane ubwoko bwa HPV 16. Umubare w'abanduye kanseri ya oropharyngeal ifitanye isano na HPV uragenda wiyongera.
- Amateka yumuntu kanseri yumutwe nijosi.
- Kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
- Guhekenya beteli, ibitera imbaraga bikunze gukoreshwa mubice bya Aziya.
Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri ya oropharyngeal harimo ibibyimba mu ijosi no kubabara mu muhogo.
Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa na kanseri ya oropharyngeal cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
- Kubabara mu muhogo bitagenda.
- Kumira ibibazo.
- Ikibazo cyo gufungura umunwa byuzuye.
- Ikibazo cyo kwimura ururimi.
- Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.
- Kubabara ugutwi.
- Ikibyimba inyuma yumunwa, umuhogo, cyangwa ijosi.
- Igishishwa cyera kururimi cyangwa umurongo wumunwa utagiye.
- Gukorora amaraso.
Rimwe na rimwe, kanseri ya oropharyngeal ntabwo itera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso hakiri kare.
Ibizamini bisuzuma umunwa n'umuhogo bikoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma no gutera kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:
- Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nko kubyimba lymph node mu ijosi cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Umuganga wumuganga cyangwa muganga w amenyo akora ikizamini cyuzuye kumunwa no mumajosi kandi areba munsi yururimi no kumuhogo hamwe nindorerwamo ntoya, ifite amaboko maremare kugirango barebe ahantu hadasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.
- Ikizamini cya Neurologiya: Urukurikirane rwibibazo n'ibizamini byo gusuzuma ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imikorere y'imitsi. Ikizamini kigenzura imiterere yumuntu, guhuza, nubushobozi bwo kugenda bisanzwe, nuburyo imitsi, ibyumviro, na refleks ikora. Ibi birashobora kandi kwitwa ikizamini cya neuro cyangwa ikizamini cya neurologic.
- PET-CT scan: Uburyo bukomatanya amashusho kuva positron yoherejwe na tomografiya (PET) scan hamwe na tomografi yabazwe (CT) scan. Gusikana PET na CT bikorwa icyarimwe hamwe nimashini imwe. Gusikana hamwe bitanga amashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri kuruta scan itanga yonyine. Isuzuma rya PET-CT rishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma indwara, nka kanseri, kuvura gahunda, cyangwa kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkumutwe, ijosi, igituza, na lymph node, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi ryatewe mumitsi cyangwa rimirwa kugirango rifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.
- PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe.
- MRI . Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Biopsy nziza-inshinge isanzwe ikorwa kugirango ikureho urugero rwa tissue ukoresheje urushinge ruto.
- Uburyo bukurikira burashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho ingero za selile cyangwa tissue:
- Endoscopi: Uburyo bwo kureba ingingo nuduce twimbere mumubiri kugirango tumenye ahantu hadasanzwe. Endoscope yinjizwa mu gutemagura (gukata) mu ruhu cyangwa gufungura mu mubiri, nk'akanwa cyangwa izuru. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo zidasanzwe cyangwa lymph node ntangarugero, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara. Hazasuzumwa izuru, umuhogo, inyuma yururimi, esofagusi, igifu, umunwa, umuyaga, hamwe ninzira nini nini. Ubwoko bwa endoskopi bwitiriwe igice cyumubiri gisuzumwa. Kurugero, pharyngoscopy ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma pharynx.
- Laryngoscopy: Uburyo umuganga asuzuma inzara (agasanduku k'ijwi) akoresheje indorerwamo cyangwa laryngoscope kugira ngo agenzure ahantu hadasanzwe. Laryngoscope ni igikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nk'igikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba imbere mu muhogo no mu gasanduku k'ijwi. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
- Niba kanseri ibonetse, hashobora gukorwa ikizamini gikurikira cyo kwiga kanseri ya kanseri:
- Ikizamini cya HPV (ikizamini cya papillomavirus yumuntu): Ikizamini cya laboratoire gikoreshwa mugusuzuma icyitegererezo cyama tissue yubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwanduye HPV, nkubwoko bwa HPV 16. Iki kizamini gikozwe kuko kanseri ya oropharyngeal ishobora guterwa no kwandura HPV. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko kanseri ya HPV-nziza ya oropharyngeal ifite prognoza nziza kandi ikavurwa mu buryo butandukanye na kanseri ya HPV-mbi ya oropharyngeal.
Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.
Kumenyekanisha biterwa nibi bikurikira:
- Niba umurwayi afite HPV yanduye oropharynx.
- Niba umurwayi afite amateka yo kunywa itabi kumyaka icumi cyangwa irenga.
- Intambwe ya kanseri.
- Umubare nubunini bwa lymph node hamwe na kanseri.
Ibibyimba bya Oropharyngeal bifitanye isano no kwandura HPV bifite prognoza nziza kandi ntibishobora kugaruka cyane kuruta ibibyimba bitajyanye no kwandura HPV.
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa nibi bikurikira:
- Intambwe ya kanseri.
- Kugumana ubushobozi bwumurwayi bwo kuvuga no kumira bisanzwe bishoboka.
- Ubuzima rusange bwumurwayi.
Abarwayi barwaye kanseri ya oropharyngeal bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi. Izi ngaruka ziyongera ku barwayi bakomeje kunywa itabi cyangwa kunywa inzoga nyuma yo kuvurwa.
Reba incamake ya Kunywa itabi: Ingaruka zubuzima nuburyo bwo kureka amakuru menshi.
Icyiciro cya Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ya oropharyngeal, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri oropharynx cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.
- Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.
- Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri HPV-nziza ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal:
- Icyiciro I.
- Icyiciro cya II
- Icyiciro cya III
- Icyiciro cya IV
- Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri HPV-mbi ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal:
- Icyiciro 0 (Carcinoma muri Situ)
- Icyiciro I.
- Icyiciro cya II
- Icyiciro cya III
- Icyiciro cya IV
Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ya oropharyngeal, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri oropharynx cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye muri oropharynx cyangwa mu bindi bice byumubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura. Ibisubizo bya bimwe mubizamini bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri ya oropharyngeal bikoreshwa muguteza indwara.
Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.
Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:
- Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.
- Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.
Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.
- Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.
- Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.
Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri ya oropharyngeal ikwirakwira mu bihaha, kanseri ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile kanseri ya oropharyngeal. Indwara ni kanseri metastatike oropharyngeal, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.
Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri HPV-nziza ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal:
Icyiciro I.
Mu cyiciro cya I, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri:
- imwe cyangwa nyinshi lymph node hamwe na kanseri aribwo HPV p16-nziza iraboneka ariko aho kanseri yatangiriye ntiharamenyekana. Indimu ya lymph hamwe na kanseri ni santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi; cyangwa
- kanseri iboneka muri oropharynx (umuhogo) kandi ikibyimba gifite santimetero 4 cyangwa nto. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi zifite santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi n'ikibyimba kibanza.
Icyiciro cya II
Mu cyiciro cya II, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri:
- imwe cyangwa nyinshi lymph node hamwe na kanseri aribwo HPV p16-nziza iraboneka ariko aho kanseri yatangiriye ntiharamenyekana. Indimu ya lymph hamwe na kanseri ni santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi z'ijosi; cyangwa
- ikibyimba gifite santimetero 4 cyangwa nto. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mitsi ya santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, ku rundi ruhande rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze cyangwa ku mpande zombi z'ijosi; cyangwa
- ikibyimba kirenze santimetero 4 cyangwa kanseri yakwirakwiriye hejuru ya epiglottis (flap itwikira trachea mugihe cyo kumira). Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi zifite santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, ahantu hose mu ijosi.
Icyiciro cya III
Mu cyiciro cya III, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri:
- kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu muhogo (agasanduku k'ijwi), igice cy'imbere cy'igisenge cy'umunwa, urwasaya rwo hasi, imitsi yimura ururimi, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umutwe cyangwa ijosi. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira mu mitsi yo mu ijosi; cyangwa
- ikibyimba kingana na kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu muhogo, igice cy'imbere cy'igisenge cy'umunwa, urwasaya rwo hepfo, imitsi yimura ururimi, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umutwe cyangwa ijosi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi zifite santimetero 6, ahantu hose mu ijosi.
Icyiciro cya IV
Mu cyiciro cya IV, kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha cyangwa amagufwa.
Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri HPV-mbi ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal:
Icyiciro 0 (Carcinoma muri Situ)
Mu cyiciro cya 0, selile zidasanzwe ziboneka mumurongo wa oropharynx (umuhogo). Utugingo ngengabuzima tudasanzwe dushobora guhinduka kanseri tugakwirakwira mu ngingo zisanzwe. Icyiciro cya 0 nanone bita kanseri mu mwanya.
Icyiciro I.
Mu cyiciro cya I, kanseri yarakozwe. Ikibyimba gifite santimetero 2 cyangwa nto.
Icyiciro cya II
Mu cyiciro cya II, ikibyimba kirenze santimetero 2 ariko ntikirenza santimetero 4.
Icyiciro cya III
Mu cyiciro cya III, kanseri:
- ni binini kurenza santimetero 4 cyangwa byakwirakwiriye hejuru ya epiglottis (flap itwikira trachea mugihe cyo kumira); cyangwa
- ni ingano iyo ari yo yose. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe ya santimetero 3 cyangwa ntoya, kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi n'ikibyimba kibanza.
Icyiciro cya IV
Icyiciro cya IV kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IVA, IVB, na IVC.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVA, kanseri:
- yakwirakwiriye mu muhogo (agasanduku k'ijwi), igice cy'imbere cy'igisenge cy'akanwa, urwasaya rwo hasi, cyangwa imitsi yimura ururimi. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe ya santimetero 3 cyangwa ntoya, kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi n'ikibyimba kibanza; cyangwa
- ni ingano iyo ari yo yose kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye hejuru ya epiglottis, larynx, igice cy'imbere cy'igisenge cy'akanwa, urwasaya rwo hepfo, cyangwa imitsi yimura ururimi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
- lymph node imwe irenze santimetero 3 ariko itarenza santimetero 6, kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi n'ikibyimba kibanza; cyangwa
- birenze lymph node ifite santimetero 6 cyangwa ntoya, ahantu hose mu ijosi.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVB, kanseri:
- yakwirakwiriye ku mitsi yimura urwasaya rwo hepfo, igufwa ryometse ku mitsi yimura urwasaya rwo hepfo, umusingi wa gihanga, cyangwa mu gice kiri inyuma yizuru cyangwa hafi ya aroti. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira mu mitsi yo mu ijosi; cyangwa
- birashobora kuba binini kandi birashobora gukwirakwira mubindi bice byumutwe cyangwa ijosi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node irenze santimetero 6 cyangwa ikwirakwira mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node mu ngingo zegeranye.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVC, kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha, umwijima, cyangwa amagufwa.
Incamake yo kuvura
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
- Abarwayi barwaye kanseri ya oropharyngeal bagomba gutegurwa nubuvuzi bwitsinda ryabaganga bafite ubuhanga bwo kuvura kanseri yo mumutwe no mu ijosi.
- Ubwoko bune bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:
- Kubaga
- Imiti ivura imirasire
- Chimoterapi
- Ubuvuzi bugamije
- Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.
- Immunotherapy
- Umuti wa kanseri ya oropharyngeal urashobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
- Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.
- Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.
- Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye kanseri ya oropharyngeal. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.
Abarwayi barwaye kanseri ya oropharyngeal bagomba gutegurwa nubuvuzi bwitsinda ryabaganga bafite ubuhanga bwo kuvura kanseri yo mumutwe no mu ijosi.
Kuvura umurwayi bizakurikiranwa n’umuganga wa oncologue, umuganga kabuhariwe mu kuvura abantu barwaye kanseri. Kubera ko oropharynx ifasha muguhumeka, kurya, no kuvuga, abarwayi barashobora gukenera ubufasha bwihariye kugirango bahindure ingaruka za kanseri no kuyivura. Umuganga wa oncologue ashobora kohereza umurwayi kubandi bashinzwe ubuzima bafite amahugurwa yihariye yo kuvura abarwayi ba kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi. Aba bashobora kuba barimo inzobere zikurikira:
- Kubaga umutwe n'ijosi.
- Imirasire ya oncologue.
- Umuganga ubaga plastique.
- Amenyo.
- Indyo.
- Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu.
- Inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
- Umuvuzi.
Ubwoko bune bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:
Kubaga
Kubaga (gukuraho kanseri mu gikorwa) ni uburyo rusange bwo kuvura ibyiciro byose bya kanseri ya oropharyngeal. Umuganga abaga ashobora gukuramo kanseri hamwe na zimwe mu ngingo zifite ubuzima bwiza zikikije kanseri. Umuganga ubaga amaze gukuraho kanseri zose zishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo kubagwa, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bice selile zose zisigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.
Ubwoko bushya bwo kubaga, harimo no kubaga robotic transoral, burimo kwigwa kuvura kanseri ya oropharyngeal. Kubaga robotic transoral birashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho kanseri ahantu bigoye kugera kumunwa no mumuhogo. Kamera zometse kuri robo zitanga ishusho-3 (3D) ishusho umuganga abaga ashobora kubona. Ukoresheje mudasobwa, umuganga abaga ayobora ibikoresho bito cyane kumpera yintoki za robo kugirango akureho kanseri. Ubu buryo bushobora kandi gukorwa hakoreshejwe endoscope.
Imiti ivura imirasire
Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire yerekeza kumubiri hamwe na kanseri.
Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutanga imishwarara irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo nziza. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire burimo ibi bikurikira:
- Imiti ivura imishwarara ikabije (IMRT): IMRT ni ubwoko bwimiti 3 (3-D) ivura imirasire ikoresha mudasobwa mugukora amashusho yubunini nuburyo imiterere yikibyimba. Imirasire yoroheje yimirasire yububasha butandukanye (imbaraga) igamije kubyimba uhereye kumpande nyinshi.
- Ubuvuzi bwa stereotactique yumubiri: Ubuvuzi bwimirasire yumubiri ni ubwoko bwimiti ivura hanze. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mugushira umurwayi mumwanya umwe kuri buri kuvura imirasire. Rimwe kumunsi muminsi myinshi, imashini imirasire igamije kurenza urugero rusanzwe rwimirasire yibibyimba. Mugihe umurwayi afite umwanya umwe kuri buri kuvura, nta byangiritse cyane kumubiri muzima uri hafi. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi stereotactique yo hanze-beam ivura imishwarara hamwe nubuvuzi bwa stereotaxic.
Muri kanseri yateye imbere ya oropharyngeal, kugabanya igipimo cya buri munsi cyimirasire mubuvuzi buto-buke butezimbere uburyo ikibyimba cyakira kwivuza. Ibi byitwa hyperfractionated therapy therapy.
Imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gukora neza kubarwayi bahagaritse kunywa itabi mbere yo gutangira kwivuza.
Niba glande ya tiroyide cyangwa pitoito iri mubice bivura imirasire, umurwayi afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara hypotherroidism (imisemburo ya tiroyide nkeya). Kwipimisha amaraso kugirango umenye urugero rwa hormone ya tiroyide mu mubiri bigomba gukorwa mbere na nyuma yo kuvurwa.
Chimoterapi
Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu).
Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi kubindi bisobanuro. (Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.)
Ubuvuzi bugamije
Ubuvuzi bugamije ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu byibasira kanseri yihariye. Ubuvuzi bugamije ubusanzwe butera kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe kuruta chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire. Antibodiyite za Monoclonal ni ubwoko bwubuvuzi bugamije gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
Ubuvuzi bwa Monoclonal antibody nubuvuzi bwa kanseri bukoresha antibodies zakozwe muri laboratoire ziva mubwoko bumwe bwimikorere yumubiri. Izi antibodies zirashobora kumenya ibintu biri muri selile ya kanseri cyangwa ibintu bisanzwe mumaraso cyangwa ingirangingo zishobora gufasha kanseri gukura. Antibodiyite ifata ibintu kandi ikica selile ya kanseri, ikabuza gukura kwayo, cyangwa ikabuza gukwirakwira. Antibodiyite za Monoclonal zitangwa no gushiramo. Bashobora gukoreshwa bonyine cyangwa gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, uburozi, cyangwa ibikoresho bya radio bikoresha kanseri ya kanseri.
Cetuximab ni ubwoko bwa antibody ya monoclonal ikora ihuza poroteyine hejuru yuturemangingo twa kanseri kandi ikabuza ingirabuzimafatizo gukura no kugabana. Ikoreshwa mukuvura kanseri yisubiramo kandi metastatike ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal.
Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi kubindi bisobanuro. (Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.)
Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.
Iki gice cyincamake gisobanura imiti irimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ntishobora kuvuga ubuvuzi bushya burimo kwigwa. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri.
Inhibitori ya PD-1 ni ubwoko bwikingira ryitwa immun checkpoint inhibitor therapy. PD-1 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo PD-1 ifatanye nindi poroteyine yitwa PDL-1 kuri selile ya kanseri, ihagarika selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za PD-1 zifatanije na PDL-1 kandi zemerera selile T kwica selile.
Pembrolizumab na nivolumab ni ubwoko bwa PD-1 inhibitor yiga mu kuvura kanseri ya oropharnygeal.
Umuti wa kanseri ya oropharyngeal urashobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.
Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.
Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.
Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.
Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.
Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.
Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.
Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.
Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.
Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.
Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ni ngombwa kugira ibizamini byitondewe byumutwe nijosi kugirango ushakishe ibimenyetso byerekana ko kanseri yagarutse. Kugenzura bizakorwa buri byumweru 6 kugeza 12 mu mwaka wa mbere, buri mezi 3 mu mwaka wa kabiri, buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 4 mu mwaka wa gatatu, na buri mezi 6 nyuma yaho.
Amahitamo yo Kuvura Icyiciro
Muri iki gice
- Icyiciro cya I na Icyiciro cya II Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
- Icyiciro cya III nicyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
- Kanseri ya Metastatike kandi isubirwamo
Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.
Icyiciro cya I na Icyiciro cya II Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
Kuvura icyiciro cya mbere cyapimwe nicyiciro cya II kanseri ya oropharyngeal irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Imiti ivura imirasire.
- Kubaga.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Icyiciro cya III nicyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
Kuvura kanseri nshya ya kanseri ya orofaryngeal na kanseri ya IV ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Ku barwayi barwaye kanseri yateye imbere, kubagwa hakurikiraho kuvura imirasire. Chimiotherapie nayo irashobora gutangwa mugihe kimwe no kuvura imirasire.
- Imishwarara yimirasire yonyine kubarwayi badashobora kugira chimiotherapie.
- Chimiotherapie yatanzwe icyarimwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire.
- Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no kuvura imirasire yatanzwe mugihe kimwe na chimiotherapie nyinshi.
- Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no kubagwa cyangwa kuvura imirasire.
- Igeragezwa rya clinique yubuvuzi bugamije (nivolumab) hamwe na chimiotherapie yatanzwe mugihe kimwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yanduye ya HPV.
- Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire hamwe na chimiotherapie.
- Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kubaga transorale ikurikirwa nubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa buke buke bwo kuvura imirasire hamwe na chimiotherapie kubarwayi barwaye kanseri ya HPV-nziza ya oropharyngeal.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kanseri ya Metastatike kandi isubirwamo
Kanseri ya oropharyngeal ikunze kugaruka muri oropharynx cyangwa mu bindi bice byumubiri nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kuvura kanseri ya oropharyngeal metastasize (ikwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri) cyangwa igaruka muri oropharynx irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Kubaga, niba ikibyimba kititabira kuvura imirasire.
- Imiti ivura imirasire, niba ikibyimba kitakuweho burundu kubagwa kandi imirasire yabanje ntabwo yatanzwe.
- Kubaga kabiri, niba ikibyimba kitakuweho burundu kubagwa bwa mbere.
- Chimoterapi kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yisubiramo idashobora gukurwaho no kubagwa.
- Imiti ivura imirasire yatanzwe mugihe kimwe na chimiotherapie.
- Ubuvuzi bwa stereotactique yumubiri utangwa mugihe kimwe nubuvuzi bugenewe (cetuximab).
- Igeragezwa rya Clinical yubuvuzi bugamije, kuvura imirasire yumubiri wa stereotactique, cyangwa kuvura imishwarara ya hyperfraction itangwa mugihe kimwe na chimiotherapie.
- Igeragezwa rya clinique yubudahangarwa (nivolumab cyangwa pembrolizumab).
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri ya Oropharyngeal
Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri ya oropharyngeal, reba ibi bikurikira:
- Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi Urupapuro
- Indwara yo mu kanwa, Pharyngeal, na Laryngeal Kurinda Kanseri
- Kugenzura Kanseri yo mu kanwa, Pharyngeal, na Laryngeal Kanseri
- Ingorane zo mu kanwa za Chimiotherapie n'umutwe / Imirasire y'ijosi
- HPV na Kanseri
- Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi
- Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi
- Itabi (rikubiyemo ubufasha mu kureka)
Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:
- Ibyerekeye Kanseri
- Gutegura
- Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri
- Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri
- Guhangana na Kanseri
- Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri
- Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi
