Ubwoko / umutwe-nijosi / umurwayi / umuntu mukuru / nasofaryngeal-kuvura-pdq

Indwara ya Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal (Abakuze)

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za nasofarynx.

• Amoko akomokaho no guhura na virusi ya Epstein-Barr birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya nasofaryngeal.

• Ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya nasofaryngeal harimo ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kuvuga, cyangwa kumva.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma izuru, umuhogo, hamwe ningingo zegeranye bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri ya nasofaryngeal.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za nasofarynx.

Amazuru ni igice cyo hejuru cya pharynx (umuhogo) inyuma yizuru. Indwara ya pharynx ni umuyoboro udafite uburebure bwa santimetero 5 utangirira inyuma yizuru ukarangirira hejuru ya trachea (umuyaga uhuha) na esofagusi (umuyoboro uva mu muhogo ujya mu gifu). Umwuka n'ibiribwa binyura mu muhogo munzira igana trachea cyangwa esofagus. Amazuru azana mu mazuru. Gufungura kuri buri ruhande rwa nasofarynx biganisha mu gutwi. Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal ikunze gutangirira mu ngirabuzimafatizo zigizwe na nasofarynx.

Anatomy ya pharynx (umuhogo). Farynx ni umuyoboro wuzuye utangirira inyuma yizuru, ukamanuka mu ijosi, ukarangirira hejuru ya trachea na esofagusi. Ibice bitatu bigize pharynx ni nasofarynx, oropharynx, na hypopharynx.

Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.

Amoko akomokaho no guhura na virusi ya Epstein-Barr birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya nasofaryngeal.

Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga. Impamvu zishobora gutera kanseri yizuru zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira ibisekuru byabashinwa cyangwa Aziya.

• Kuba wanduye virusi ya Epstein-Barr: Virusi ya Epstein-Barr yagiye ifitanye isano na kanseri zimwe na zimwe, harimo kanseri ya nasofaryngeal na lymphoma.

• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi.

• Ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya nasofaryngeal harimo ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kuvuga, cyangwa kumva.

Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa na kanseri yizuru cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba mu mazuru cyangwa mu ijosi.

• Kubabara mu muhogo.

• Ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kuvuga.

• Amazuru.

• Kumva nabi.

• Kubabara cyangwa kuvuza ugutwi.

• Kubabara umutwe.

Ibizamini bisuzuma izuru, umuhogo, hamwe ningingo zegeranye bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri ya nasofaryngeal.

Inzira zikora amashusho yizuru n'umuhogo bifasha gusuzuma kanseri yizuru. Inzira ikoreshwa mukumenya niba selile ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri byitwa stage. Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bwo kumenya, gusuzuma, hamwe na kanseri ya nasofaryngeal ikorwa mbere yo gutegura imiti.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nko kubyimba lymph node mu ijosi cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.

• Ikizamini cya Neurologiya: Urukurikirane rwibibazo n'ibizamini byo gusuzuma ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imikorere y'imitsi. Ikizamini kigenzura imiterere yumuntu, guhuza, nubushobozi bwo kugenda bisanzwe, nuburyo imitsi, ibyumviro, na refleks ikora. Ibi birashobora kandi kwitwa ikizamini cya neuro cyangwa ikizamini cya neurologic.

• Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Icyitegererezo cya tissue gikurwaho mugihe kimwe muburyo bukurikira:

• Nasoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere yizuru ahantu hadasanzwe . Nasoscope yinjizwa mumazuru. Nasoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, gisa nigituba gifite urumuri ninzira yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Endoskopi yo hejuru: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere yizuru, umuhogo, esofagusi, igifu, na duodenum (igice cya mbere cy amara mato, hafi yinda). Endoscope yinjizwa mu kanwa no muri esofagusi, igifu, na duodenum. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue. Ingero za tissue zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• MRI . Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkigituza ninda yo hejuru, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

Kubara tomografiya (CT) gusikana umutwe nijosi. Umurwayi aryamye kumeza anyura muri CT scaneri, ifata amashusho ya x-yerekana imbere yumutwe nijosi.

• PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe. PET scan irashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha kanseri ya nasofaryngeal yakwirakwiriye kumagufa. Rimwe na rimwe, PET scan hamwe na CT scan bikorwa icyarimwe. Niba hari kanseri, ibi byongera amahirwe yo kuboneka.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi y’amajwi menshi (ultrasound) asohoka mu nda kandi agasubiramo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram. Ishusho irashobora gucapurwa kugirango irebe nyuma.

• Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.

• Ubushakashatsi bwa chimie yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara.

• Kubara amaraso yuzuye (CBC): Uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rwamaraso no gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, selile yera, na platine.

• Ingano ya hemoglobine (proteyine itwara ogisijeni) mu ngirangingo z'amaraso atukura.

• Igice cyicyitegererezo cyamaraso kigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zitukura.

• Ikizamini cya Epstein-Barr (EBV): Ikizamini cyamaraso kugirango harebwe antibodi zanduye virusi ya Epstein-Barr nibimenyetso bya ADN bya virusi ya Epstein-Barr. Ibi biboneka mumaraso yabarwayi banduye EBV.

• Ikizamini cya HPV (ikizamini cya papillomavirus yumuntu): Ikizamini cya laboratoire gikoreshwa mugusuzuma icyitegererezo cyubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwanduye HPV. Iki kizamini gikozwe kuko kanseri ya nasofaryngeal ishobora guterwa na HPV.

• Ikizamini cyo kumva: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba amajwi yoroshye kandi aranguruye hamwe n'amajwi yo hasi kandi maremare ashobora kumvikana. Buri gutwi kugenzurwa ukwe.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Ingano yikibyimba.

• Icyiciro cya kanseri, harimo niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi mu ijosi.

• Urwego rwo hejuru rwa antibodies za EBV na marike ya EBV-ADN mumaraso mbere na nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ibindi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka kubimenyekanisha harimo:

• Imyaka.

• Igihe kinini hagati ya biopsy no gutangira kuvura imirasire.

• Amateka yumuryango.

• Kunywa itabi.

• Amafi yumunyu mubiryo.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri yo mu mazuru, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mazuru cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yizuru:

• Icyiciro 0

• Icyiciro I.

• Icyiciro cya II

• Icyiciro cya III

• Icyiciro cya IV

• Nyuma yo kubagwa, icyiciro cya kanseri kirashobora guhinduka kandi hakenewe ubundi buvuzi.

Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri yo mu mazuru, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mazuru cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu mazuru cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri ya nasofaryngeal na byo bikoreshwa mu gutera indwara. (Reba igice rusange cyamakuru.)

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri ya nasofaryngeal ikwirakwira mu bihaha, kanseri ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile kanseri ya nasofaryngeal. Indwara ni kanseri ya nasofaryngeal metastatike, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.

Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yizuru:

Icyiciro 0

Mu cyiciro cya 0, selile zidasanzwe ziboneka mumurongo wa nasofarynx. Utugingo ngengabuzima tudasanzwe dushobora guhinduka kanseri tugakwirakwira mu ngingo zisanzwe. Icyiciro cya 0 nanone bita kanseri mu mwanya.

Icyiciro I.

Mu cyiciro cya I, kanseri yarakozwe na kanseri:

• iboneka muri nasofarynx gusa; cyangwa

• yakwirakwiriye kuva mu mazuru kugera kuri oropharynx na / cyangwa mu cyuho cy'izuru.

Ingano ya Tumor ikunze gupimwa muri santimetero (cm) cyangwa santimetero. Ibiribwa bisanzwe bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwerekana ubunini bwikibyimba muri cm harimo: amashaza (cm 1), ibishyimbo (cm 2), umuzabibu (cm 3), walnut (cm 4), lime (cm 5 cyangwa 2 santimetero), igi (cm 6), amashaza (cm 7), n'imbuto (cm 10 cyangwa santimetero 4).

Icyiciro cya II

Mu cyiciro cya II, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri:

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi na / cyangwa kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi z'umuhogo. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto. Kanseri iboneka:

• mu mazuru gusa cyangwa yakwirakwiriye kuva mu mazuru kugera kuri oropharynx na / cyangwa mu cyuho cy'izuru; cyangwa

• gusa muri lymph node mu ijosi. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zifata lymph zanduye virusi ya Epstein-Barr (virusi ifitanye isano na kanseri ya nasofaryngeal).

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mwanya wa parapharyngeal na / cyangwa imitsi iri hafi. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi no / cyangwa kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi z'umuhogo. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto.

Icyiciro cya III

Mu cyiciro cya III, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri:

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi ku mpande zombi z'ijosi. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto. Kanseri iboneka:

• mu mazuru gusa cyangwa yakwirakwiriye kuva mu mazuru kugera kuri oropharynx na / cyangwa mu cyuho cy'izuru; cyangwa

• gusa muri lymph node mu ijosi. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zifata lymph zanduye virusi ya Epstein-Barr (virusi ifitanye isano na kanseri ya nasofaryngeal).

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mwanya wa parapharyngeal na / cyangwa imitsi iri hafi. Kanseri nayo yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi ku mpande zombi z'ijosi. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto.

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu magufa yo hepfo ya gihanga, amagufwa yo mu ijosi, imitsi y'urwasaya, na / cyangwa sinus ikikije izuru n'amaso. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zijosi na / cyangwa inyuma yumuhogo. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto.

Icyiciro cya IV

Icyiciro cya IV kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IVA na IVB.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVA:

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bwonko, imitsi ya cranial, hypopharynx, glande y'amacandwe imbere y'ugutwi, igufwa rikikije ijisho, na / cyangwa imyenda yoroshye y'urwasaya. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zijosi na / cyangwa inyuma yumuhogo. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zijosi. Indwara ya lymph node yibasiwe na santimetero 6 kandi / cyangwa iboneka mugice cyo hasi cyijosi.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVB: Kanseri yakwirakwiriye hejuru ya lymph node mu ijosi kugera kuri lymph ya kure, nk'iyiri hagati y'ibihaha, munsi ya collarbone, cyangwa mu kuboko cyangwa mu kibero, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha, amagufwa, cyangwa umwijima.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, icyiciro cya kanseri kirashobora guhinduka kandi hakenewe ubundi buvuzi.

Niba kanseri ikuweho no kubagwa, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'indwara azasuzuma icyitegererezo cy'umubiri wa kanseri munsi ya microscope. Rimwe na rimwe, isuzuma rya patologue ritera impinduka kurwego rwa kanseri no kuvurwa cyane nyuma yo kubagwa.

Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal

Kanseri ya nasofaryngeal isubiramo ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kanseri irashobora kugaruka mu mazuru cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi barwaye kanseri yizuru.

• Ubwoko butatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Chimoterapi

• Kubaga

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Umuti wa kanseri ya nasofaryngeal urashobora gutera ingaruka.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi barwaye kanseri yizuru.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yizuru. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Ubwoko butatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri.

Imishwarara yo hanze-beam ivura umutwe nijosi. Imashini ikoreshwa mugushaka imirasire yingufu nyinshi kuri kanseri. Imashini irashobora kuzenguruka umurwayi, igatanga imirasire iturutse impande nyinshi zitandukanye kugirango itange imiti ihuye cyane. Mask ya mesh ifasha kurinda umutwe w ijosi umurwayi kugenda mugihe cyo kuvura. Ibimenyetso bito bya wino bishyirwa kuri mask. Ibimenyetso bya wino bikoreshwa mugutondekanya imashini imirasire mumwanya umwe mbere yubuvuzi.

Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutanga imishwarara irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo nziza. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire burimo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura imishwarara ikabije (IMRT): IMRT ni ubwoko bwimiti 3 (3-D) ivura imirasire ikoresha mudasobwa mugukora amashusho yubunini nuburyo imiterere yikibyimba. Imirasire yoroheje yimirasire yububasha butandukanye (imbaraga) igamije kubyimba uhereye kumpande nyinshi. Ugereranije nubuvuzi busanzwe bwimirasire, imiti ivura imishwarara irashobora kuba idatera umunwa wumye.

• Imiti ya stereotactique ivura: Ikadiri ikomeye yumutwe ifatanye na gihanga kugirango umutwe ukomeze mugihe cyo kuvura imirase. Imashini igamije imirasire yibibyimba. Igiteranyo cyimirasire igabanijwemo dosiye ntoya yatanzwe muminsi myinshi. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi stereotactique yo hanze-beam ivura imishwarara hamwe nubuvuzi bwa stereotaxic.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Imiti ivura hanze n'imbere ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'amazuru.

Imiti ivura hanze ya tiroyide cyangwa glande ya pituito irashobora guhindura uburyo glande ya tiroyide ikora. Ikizamini cyamaraso kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwa hormone ya tiroyide mu maraso bikorwa mbere na nyuma yo kuvurwa kugirango umenye neza ko glande ya tiroyide ikora neza. Ni ngombwa kandi ko muganga w’amenyo agenzura amenyo yumurwayi, amenyo, numunwa, agakemura ibibazo byose bihari mbere yuko imiti ivura imirasire itangira.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi yubwonko, urugingo, cyangwa umwobo wumubiri nkinda, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere (chimiotherapie yo mukarere). Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa.

Chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa nyuma yo kuvura imirasire kugirango yice kanseri iyo ari yo yose isigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kuvura imirasire, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi kubindi bisobanuro. (Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.)

Kubaga

Kubaga ni uburyo bwo kumenya niba kanseri ihari, kuvana kanseri mu mubiri, cyangwa gusana igice cy'umubiri. Byitwa kandi ibikorwa. Kubaga rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa kuri kanseri ya nasofaryngeal idasubiza imiti ivura imirasire. Niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu mitsi, umuganga arashobora gukuramo lymph node hamwe nizindi ngingo zo mu ijosi.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Umuti wa kanseri ya nasofaryngeal urashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Icyiciro

Muri iki gice

• Icyiciro cya I Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

• Icyiciro cya II Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

• Icyiciro cya III Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

• Icyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Icyiciro cya I Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kuvura icyiciro cya I kanseri ya nasofaryngeal mubisanzwe ni imiti ivura ikibyimba na lymph node mu ijosi.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya II Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya II nasofaryngeal irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimoterapi yatanzwe hamwe nimiti ivura imirasire, ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie nyinshi.

• Imishwarara ivura ikibyimba na lymph node mu ijosi.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya III Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya III nasofaryngeal irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimoterapi yatanzwe hamwe nimiti ivura imirasire, ishobora gukurikirwa na chimiotherapie nyinshi.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Imiti ivura imirasire ikurikirwa no kubagwa kugirango ikureho kanseri irimo lymph node mu ijosi iguma cyangwa igaruka nyuma yo kuvura imirasire.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie ryatanzwe mbere, hamwe, cyangwa nyuma yo kuvura imirasire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya IV nasofaryngeal ishobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimoterapi yatanzwe hamwe nimiti ivura imirasire, ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie nyinshi.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Imiti ivura imirasire ikurikirwa no kubagwa kugirango ikureho kanseri irimo lymph node mu ijosi iguma cyangwa igaruka nyuma yo kuvura imirasire.

• Chimoterapi ya kanseri yanduye (ikwirakwizwa) mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie ryatanzwe mbere, hamwe, cyangwa nyuma yo kuvura imirasire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri ya nasofaryngeal isubirwamo bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bukabije bwimishwarara, kuvura imishwarara ya stereotactique, cyangwa kuvura imirasire yimbere.

• Kubaga.

• Chimoterapi.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire ya stereotactique.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri ya Nasofaryngeal

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri yizuru, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi Urupapuro

• Ingorane zo mu kanwa za Chimiotherapie n'umutwe / Imirasire y'ijosi

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi

• Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi

Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Gutegura

• Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi