Ubwoko / umutwe-n-ijosi / umurwayi / umuntu mukuru / kuvura-kuvura-pdq

Indwara ya Kanseri ya Laryngeal (Abakuze)

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri Yimpyiko

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Kanseri yo mu mara ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo zo mu muhogo.

• Gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri yo mu kanwa.

• Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri yo mu muhogo harimo kubabara mu muhogo no kubabara ugutwi.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma umuhogo nijosi bikoreshwa mugufasha gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yo mu kanwa.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kanseri yo mu mara ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo zo mu muhogo.

Umuhogo ni igice cy'umuhogo, hagati y'ururimi na trachea. Umuhogo urimo imigozi yijwi, iranyeganyega kandi ikumvikana iyo umwuka uberekejeho. Ijwi ryumvikana mu muhogo, mu kanwa, no mu mazuru kugira ngo ijwi ry'umuntu.

Hariho ibice bitatu byingenzi byinzara:

• Supraglottis: Igice cyo hejuru cyinzara hejuru yumugozi wijwi, harimo na epiglottis.

• Glottis: Igice cyo hagati yinzara aho imigozi yijwi iherereye.

• Subglottis: Igice cyo hepfo yinzitane hagati yijwi ryijwi na trachea (umuyaga).

Kanseri yo mu muhogo iba mu ngingo zo mu muhogo (agace k'umuhogo karimo imigozi y'ijwi). Umuhogo urimo supraglottis, glottis (imigozi y'ijwi), na subglottis. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira mu ngingo zegeranye cyangwa kuri tiroyide, trachea, cyangwa esofagusi. Irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node mu ijosi, imiyoboro ya karoti, igice cyo hejuru cyinkingi yumugongo, igituza, no mubindi bice byumubiri (biterekanwa).

Kanseri nyinshi zo mu muhogo ziba mu ngirabuzimafatizo, uturemangingo duto, turinganiye turi imbere mu nda.

Kanseri yo mu nda ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.

Gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri yo mu kanwa.

Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri yo mu muhogo harimo kubabara mu muhogo no kubabara ugutwi.

Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa na kanseri yo mu mihogo cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kubabara mu muhogo cyangwa inkorora idashira.

• Ingorane cyangwa ububabare iyo umira.

• Kubabara ugutwi.

• Ikibyimba mu ijosi cyangwa mu muhogo.

• Guhindura cyangwa gutontoma mumajwi.

Ibizamini bisuzuma umuhogo nijosi bikoreshwa mugufasha gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yo mu kanwa.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri cyo mu muhogo no mu ijosi: Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma umuhogo nijosi ahantu hadasanzwe. Muganga azumva imbere yumunwa akoresheje urutoki rwa kashe kandi asuzume umunwa n'umuhogo akoresheje indorerwamo ntoya ndende kandi yoroheje. Ibi bizaba birimo kugenzura imbere mumatama niminwa; amenyo; inyuma, igisenge, hasi hasi; hejuru, hepfo, n'impande z'ururimi; n'umuhogo. Ijosi rizumva kubyimba lymph node. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.

• Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Icyitegererezo cya tissue gishobora gukurwaho mugihe kimwe muburyo bukurikira:

• Laryngoscopy: Uburyo umuganga asuzuma inzara (agasanduku k'ijwi) akoresheje indorerwamo cyangwa laryngoscope kugira ngo agenzure ahantu hadasanzwe. Laryngoscope ni igikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nk'igikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba imbere mu muhogo no mu gasanduku k'ijwi. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Endoscopi: Uburyo bwo kureba ingingo nuduce twimbere mumubiri, nkumuhogo, esofagusi, na trachea kugirango tumenye ahantu hadasanzwe. Endoscope (umuyoboro unanutse, ucanwa ufite urumuri na lens yo kureba) byinjizwa mu gufungura umubiri, nk'akanwa. Igikoresho kidasanzwe kuri endoscope kirashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho ingero za tissue.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

Kubara tomografiya (CT) gusikana umutwe nijosi. Umurwayi aryamye kumeza anyura muri CT scaneri, ifata amashusho ya x-yerekana imbere yumutwe nijosi.

• MRI . Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe.

• PET-CT scan: Uburyo bukomatanya amashusho kuva positron yoherejwe na tomografiya (PET) scan hamwe na tomografi yabazwe (CT). Gusikana PET na CT bikorwa icyarimwe hamwe nimashini imwe. Gusikana hamwe bitanga amashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri kuruta scan itanga yonyine. Isuzuma rya PET-CT rishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma indwara, nka kanseri, kuvura gahunda, cyangwa kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza.

• Gusikana amagufwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba mu magufwa hari selile zigabanya vuba, nka selile kanseri. Umubare muto cyane wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyiriza mu magufa hamwe na kanseri kandi bigaragazwa na scaneri.

• Barium yamira: Urukurikirane rwa x-imirasire ya esofagusi nigifu. Umurwayi anywa amazi arimo barium (ifumbire yera ya silver-yera). Amazi atwikiriye esofagusi nigifu, hanyuma x-imirasire ifatwa. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi urwego rwo hejuru rwa GI.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Intambwe yindwara.

• Ikibanza nubunini bwikibyimba.

• Urwego rw'ikibyimba.

• Imyaka yumurwayi, igitsina, nubuzima rusange, harimo niba umurwayi adafite amaraso.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Intambwe yindwara.

• Ikibanza nubunini bwikibyimba.

• Kugumana ubushobozi bwumurwayi bwo kuvuga, kurya, no guhumeka bisanzwe bishoboka.

• Niba kanseri yagarutse (byongeye).

Kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga bigabanya akamaro ko kuvura kanseri yo mu kanwa. Abarwayi barwaye kanseri yo mu kanwa bakomeje kunywa itabi no kunywa ntibakize kandi birashoboka ko barwara ikibyimba cya kabiri. Nyuma yo kuvura kanseri yo mu mihogo, gukurikirana kenshi no kwitonda ni ngombwa.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri yo mu nda

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri yo mu muhogo, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu muhogo cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yo mu mihogo:

• Icyiciro 0 (Carcinoma muri Situ)

• Icyiciro I.

• Icyiciro cya II

• Icyiciro cya III

• Icyiciro cya IV

• Nyuma yo kubagwa, icyiciro cya kanseri kirashobora guhinduka kandi hakenewe ubundi buvuzi.

• Kanseri yo mu muhogo ikunze kugaragara ni kanseri yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri yo mu muhogo, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu muhogo cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu muhogo cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro cyindwara kugirango utegure kuvura. Ibisubizo bya bimwe mubizamini bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri yo mu muhogo nabyo bikoreshwa muguteza indwara.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri yo mu kanwa ikwirakwira mu bihaha, selile ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile kanseri yo mu kanwa. Indwara ni kanseri yo mu kanwa, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.

Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yo mu mihogo:

Icyiciro 0 (Carcinoma muri Situ)

Mu cyiciro cya 0, selile zidasanzwe ziboneka mumurongo wiminwa. Utugingo ngengabuzima tudasanzwe dushobora guhinduka kanseri tugakwirakwira mu ngingo zisanzwe. Icyiciro cya 0 nanone bita kanseri mu mwanya.

Icyiciro I.

Mu cyiciro cya I, kanseri yibasiye agace ka supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis yo mu muhogo:

• Supraglottis: Kanseri iri mu gace kamwe ka supraglottis kandi imigozi y'ijwi ikora bisanzwe.

• Glottis: Kanseri iri mu mugozi umwe cyangwa yombi y'ijwi kandi imigozi y'ijwi ikora bisanzwe.

• Subglottis: Kanseri iri muri subglottis gusa.

Icyiciro cya II

Mu cyiciro cya II, kanseri yibasiye agace ka supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis yo mu muhogo:

• Supraglottis: Kanseri iri mu gace karenze kamwe ka supraglottis cyangwa yakwirakwiriye mu gice cyo munsi y'ururimi cyangwa ku nyama ziri hafi y'ijwi. Imigozi y'ijwi ikora bisanzwe.

• Glottis: Kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri supraglottis, subglottis, cyangwa byombi, kandi / cyangwa imigozi y'ijwi ntabwo ikora bisanzwe.

• Subglottis: Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mugozi umwe cyangwa yombi y'ijwi kandi imigozi y'ijwi ntishobora gukora bisanzwe.

Icyiciro cya III

Mu cyiciro cya III, kanseri yagaragaye mu gace ka supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis yo mu muhogo:

Ingano ya Tumor ikunze gupimwa muri santimetero (cm) cyangwa santimetero. Ibiribwa bisanzwe bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwerekana ubunini bwikibyimba muri cm harimo: amashaza (cm 1), ibishyimbo (cm 2), umuzabibu (cm 3), walnut (cm 4), lime (cm 5 cyangwa 2 santimetero), igi (cm 6), amashaza (cm 7), n'imbuto (cm 10 cyangwa santimetero 4).

Mu cyiciro cya III kanseri ya supraglottis:

• kanseri iri mu muhogo gusa kandi imigozi y'ijwi ntabwo ikora, kandi / cyangwa kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi cyangwa binyuze mu gice cy'imbere cya karitsiye ya tiroyide. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba kibanza kandi lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri iri mu gace kamwe ka supraglottis kandi imigozi y'ijwi ikora bisanzwe. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node ku ruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze naho lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri iri mu gace karenze ka supraglottis cyangwa yakwirakwiriye mu gice cyo munsi yururimi cyangwa ku nyama zegeranye n’imigozi yijwi. Imigozi yijwi ikora mubisanzwe. Kanseri nayo yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze naho lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto.

Mu cyiciro cya III kanseri ya glottis:

• kanseri iri mu muhogo gusa kandi imigozi y'ijwi ntabwo ikora, kandi / cyangwa kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi cyangwa binyuze mu gice cy'imbere cya karitsiye ya tiroyide. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba kibanza kandi lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri iri mu mugozi umwe cyangwa yombi kandi amajwi arakora bisanzwe. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node ku ruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze na lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri supraglottis, subglottis, cyangwa byombi, kandi / cyangwa imigozi y'ijwi ntabwo ikora bisanzwe. Kanseri nayo yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze naho lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto.

Mu cyiciro cya III kanseri ya subglottis:

• kanseri iri mu muhogo gusa kandi imigozi y'ijwi ntabwo ikora, kandi / cyangwa kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi cyangwa binyuze mu gice cy'imbere cya karitsiye ya tiroyide. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba kibanza kandi lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri iri muri subglottis gusa. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node ku ruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze naho lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mugozi umwe cyangwa yombi kandi amajwi ntashobora gukora bisanzwe. Kanseri nayo yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba cy'ibanze naho lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto.

Icyiciro cya IV

Icyiciro cya IV kigabanijwe mu cyiciro cya IVA, icyiciro cya IVB, n'icyiciro cya IVC. Buri cyiciro kimwe kimwe kuri kanseri muri supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVA:

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri tiroyide ya tiroyide kandi / cyangwa ikwirakwira mu ngingo zirenga umunwa, nk'ijosi, trachea, tiroyide, cyangwa esofagusi. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rw'ijosi nk'ikibyimba kibanza kandi lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto; cyangwa

• Kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye muri supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis ikagera ku ngingo zirenga umunwa, nk'ijosi, trachea, tiroyide, cyangwa esofagusi. Umugozi wijwi ntushobora gukora mubisanzwe. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye:

• kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rwijosi nkibibyimba byibanze na lymph node ni santimetero 3 cyangwa nto. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye hanze ya lymph node; cyangwa

• kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rwijosi nkibibyimba byibanze na lymph node iruta santimetero 3 ariko ntirenze santimetero 6. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node; cyangwa

• kugeza kuri lymph node zirenze imwe kuruhande rumwe rwijosi nkibibyimba byibanze na lymph node ntabwo irenze santimetero 6. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node; cyangwa

• Kuri lymph node kumpande zombi zijosi cyangwa kuruhande rwijosi ahateganye nikibyimba cyibanze kandi lymph node ntabwo irenze santimetero 6. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVB:

• Kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye muri supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis ikagera ku mwanya uri imbere y'uruti rw'umugongo, agace gakikije imiyoboro y'amaraso, cyangwa agace kari hagati y'ibihaha. Umugozi wijwi ntushobora gukora mubisanzwe. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye:

• kuri lymph node imwe irenze santimetero 6. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node; cyangwa

• kuri lymph node imwe kuruhande rumwe rwijosi nkibibyimba byibanze na lymph node nini kuruta santimetero 3. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye hanze ya lymph node; cyangwa

• kugeza kurenza lymph node aho ariho hose mu ijosi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu gifuniko cyo hanze cya lymph node; cyangwa

• kuri lymph node yubunini ubwo aribwo bwose kuruhande rwijosi rirwanya ikibyimba kibanza. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye hanze ya lymph node;

cyangwa

• Kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri supraglottis, glottis, cyangwa subglottis kugera ku mwanya uri imbere y'uruti rw'umugongo, agace gakikije imiyoboro y'amaraso, cyangwa agace kari hagati y'ibihaha. Kanseri irashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi aho ariho hose mu ijosi kandi lymph node ishobora kuba ingana.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVC, kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha, umwijima, cyangwa amagufwa.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, icyiciro cya kanseri kirashobora guhinduka kandi hakenewe ubundi buvuzi.

Niba kanseri ikuweho no kubagwa, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'indwara azasuzuma icyitegererezo cy'umubiri wa kanseri munsi ya microscope. Rimwe na rimwe, isuzuma rya patologue rizavamo impinduka kurwego rwa kanseri no kuvurwa cyane nyuma yo kubagwa.

Kanseri yo mu muhogo ikunze kugaragara ni kanseri yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Iyo kanseri yo mu muhogo igarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa, yitwa kanseri yisubiramo. Kanseri birashoboka cyane ko izagaruka mumyaka 2 kugeza 3 yambere. Irashobora kugaruka mu muhogo cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha, umwijima, cyangwa amagufwa.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi barwaye kanseri yo mu kanwa.

• Ubwoko bune bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Kubaga

• Chimoterapi

• Immunotherapy

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije

• Imirasire

• Umuti wa kanseri yo mu mihogo urashobora gutera ingaruka.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi barwaye kanseri yo mu kanwa.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yo mu kanwa. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Ubwoko bune bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire yerekeza kumubiri hamwe na kanseri.

Imishwarara yo hanze-beam ivura umutwe nijosi. Imashini ikoreshwa mugushaka imirasire yingufu nyinshi kuri kanseri. Imashini irashobora kuzenguruka umurwayi, igatanga imirasire iturutse impande nyinshi zitandukanye kugirango itange imiti ihuye cyane. Mask ya mesh ifasha kurinda umutwe w ijosi umurwayi kugenda mugihe cyo kuvura. Ibimenyetso bito bya wino bishyirwa kuri mask. Ibimenyetso bya wino bikoreshwa mugutondekanya imashini imirasire mumwanya umwe mbere yubuvuzi.

Imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gukora neza kubarwayi bahagaritse kunywa itabi mbere yo gutangira kwivuza. Imiti ivura hanze ya tiroyide cyangwa glande ya pituito irashobora guhindura uburyo glande ya tiroyide ikora. Ikizamini cyamaraso kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwa hormone ya tiroyide mumubiri irashobora gukorwa mbere na nyuma yubuvuzi kugirango umenye neza ko glande ya tiroyide ikora neza.

Imiti ivura imishwarara irashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri yo mu muhogo. Hyperfractionated radiation therapy ni uburyo bwo kuvura imirasire aho umuto ugereranije nibisanzwe igipimo cya buri munsi cyimirasire igabanijwemo inshuro ebyiri kandi imiti itangwa kabiri kumunsi. Ubuvuzi bukabije bwa hyperfraction butangwa mugihe kimwe (iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru) nkubuvuzi busanzwe bwimirasire. Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura imirasire burimo kwigwa mu kuvura kanseri yo mu muhogo.

Kubaga

Kubaga (gukuraho kanseri mu gikorwa) ni ubuvuzi busanzwe ku byiciro byose bya kanseri yo mu kanwa. Uburyo bukurikira bwo kubaga bushobora gukoreshwa:

• Cordectomy: Kubaga kugirango bakureho amajwi gusa.

• Supraglottic laryngectomy: Kubaga kugirango ukureho supraglottis gusa.

• Hemilaryngectomy: Kubaga kugirango ukureho kimwe cya kabiri cy'inzara (agasanduku k'ijwi). Hemilaryngectomy ikiza ijwi.

• Laryngectomy igice: Kubaga kugirango ukureho igice cyo mu kanwa (agasanduku k'ijwi). Laryngectomy igice ifasha kugumana ubushobozi bwumurwayi bwo kuvuga.

• Indwara yuzuye: Kubaga kugirango ukureho umunwa wose. Muri iki gikorwa, hakorwa umwobo imbere y ijosi kugirango umurwayi ahumeke. Ibi byitwa tracheostomy.

• Thyroidectomy: Gukuraho glande yose cyangwa igice cyayo.

• Kubaga Laser: Uburyo bwo kubaga bukoresha urumuri rwa lazeri (urumuri ruto rw'urumuri rwinshi) nk'icyuma kugirango ugabanye amaraso mu mitsi cyangwa ukureho igikomere cyo hejuru nk'ikibyimba mu muhogo.

Muganga amaze gukuraho kanseri zose zishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo kubagwa, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhabwa chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bice selile zose zisigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu).

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi kubindi bisobanuro. (Kanseri yo mu nda ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi.)

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura kanseri nabwo bwitwa biotherapy cyangwa biologique therapy.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: PD-1 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo PD-1 ifatanye nindi poroteyine yitwa PDL-1 kuri selile ya kanseri, ihagarika selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za PD-1 zifatanije na PDL-1 kandi zemerera selile T kwica selile. Nivolumab na pembrolizumab ni ubwoko bwimiti igabanya ubukana ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri yo mu kanwa.

Immune igenzura. Intungamubiri za poroteyine, nka PD-L1 ku ngirabuzimafatizo na PD-1 kuri selile T, zifasha kugenzura ibisubizo by’ubudahangarwa. Guhambira PD-L1 na PD-1 bituma selile T itica selile yibibyimba mumubiri (panne ibumoso). Guhagarika guhuza PD-L1 na PD-1 hamwe na inhibitor igenzura (anti-PD-L1 cyangwa anti-PD-1) ituma selile T yica selile yibibyimba (panne iburyo).

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Iki gice cyincamake gisobanura imiti irimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ntishobora kuvuga ubuvuzi bushya burimo kwigwa. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Ubuvuzi bugamije ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu byibasira kanseri yihariye. Ubuvuzi bugamije ubusanzwe butera kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe kuruta chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

• Antibodiyite za Monoclonal: Ubu buvuzi bukoresha antibodies zakozwe muri laboratoire ziva mubwoko bumwe bwimikorere ya selile. Izi antibodies zirashobora kumenya ibintu biri muri selile ya kanseri cyangwa ibintu bisanzwe mumaraso cyangwa ingirangingo zishobora gufasha kanseri gukura. Antibodiyite ifata ibintu kandi ikica selile ya kanseri, ikabuza gukura kwayo, cyangwa ikabuza gukwirakwira. Antibodiyite za Monoclonal zitangwa no gushiramo. Bashobora gukoreshwa bonyine cyangwa gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, uburozi, cyangwa ibikoresho bya radio bikoresha kanseri ya kanseri. Cetuximab iri kwigwa mu kuvura kanseri yo mu muhogo.

Imirasire

Imirasire ni imiti ituma uturemangingo twibibyimba twumva imiti ivura imirasire. Gukomatanya imiti ivura imirasire hamwe na radiosensitiseri irashobora kwica selile nyinshi.

Umuti wa kanseri yo mu mihogo urashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Umuti wo mu cyiciro cya mbere Kanseri yo mu nda

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yamenyekanye vuba I kanseri yo mu kanwa biterwa n’aho kanseri iboneka mu muhogo.

Niba kanseri iri muri supraglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Indwara ya supraglotique.

Niba kanseri iri muri glottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Kubaga Laser.

• Cordectomy.

• Laryngectomy igice, hemilaryngectomy, cyangwa laryngectomy.

Niba kanseri iri muri subglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire hamwe cyangwa kubagwa.

• Kubaga wenyine.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kuvura Icyiciro cya II Kanseri yo mu nda

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya kanseri biterwa n'indwara ya kanseri iboneka mu muhogo.

Niba kanseri iri muri supraglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Imishwarara ivura ikibyimba hamwe na lymph node hafi.

• Supraglottic laryngectomy ishobora gukurikirwa no kuvura imirasire.

Niba kanseri iri muri glottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Kubaga Laser.

• Laryngectomy igice, hemilaryngectomy, cyangwa laryngectomy.

Niba kanseri iri muri subglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire hamwe cyangwa kubagwa.

• Kubaga wenyine.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kuvura Icyiciro cya III Kanseri yo mu nda

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yo mucyiciro cya gatatu cya kanseri yo mu kanwa biterwa n'aho kanseri iboneka mu muhogo.

Niba kanseri iri muri supraglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimiotherapie hamwe nimirasire ivura hamwe

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire yatanzwe hamwe. Laryngectomy irashobora gukorwa mugihe kanseri igumye.

• Imirasire yonyine kubarwayi badashobora kuvurwa na chimiotherapie no kubagwa.

• Kubaga, bishobora gukurikirwa no kuvura imirasire.

Niba kanseri iri muri glottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimiotherapie hamwe nimirasire ivura hamwe.

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire yatanzwe hamwe. Laryngectomy irashobora gukorwa mugihe kanseri igumye.

• Imirasire yonyine kubarwayi badashobora kuvurwa na chimiotherapie no kubagwa.

• Kubaga, bishobora gukurikirwa no kuvura imirasire.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire yonyine ugereranije nimirasire hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (cetuximab).

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubudahangarwa, chimiotherapie, radiosensitizers, cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Niba kanseri iri muri subglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Laryngectomy wongeyeho tiroyideyose hamwe no gukuraho lymph node mu muhogo, mubisanzwe bikurikirwa no kuvura imirasire.

• Imirasire ivura ikurikirwa no kubagwa niba kanseri igarutse mukarere kamwe.

• Imirasire yonyine kubarwayi badashobora kuvurwa na chimiotherapie no kubagwa.

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire yatanzwe hamwe. Laryngectomy irashobora gukorwa mugihe kanseri igumye.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire yonyine ugereranije nimirasire hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (cetuximab).

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubudahangarwa, chimiotherapie, radiosensitizers, cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kuvura Icyiciro cya IV Kanseri yo mu nda

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya IVA, IVB, na IVC kanseri yo mu muhogo biterwa n'aho kanseri iboneka mu muhogo.

Niba kanseri iri muri supraglottis cyangwa glottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimiotherapie hamwe nimirasire ivura hamwe.

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire yatanzwe hamwe. Laryngectomy irashobora gukorwa mugihe kanseri igumye.

• Imirasire yonyine kubarwayi badashobora kuvurwa na chimiotherapie no kubagwa.

• Kubaga bikurikirwa no kuvura imirasire. Chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa hamwe no kuvura imirasire.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire yonyine ugereranije nimirasire hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (cetuximab).

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubudahangarwa, chimiotherapie, radiosensitizers, cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Niba kanseri iri muri subglottis, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Laryngectomy wongeyeho tiroyideyose hamwe no gukuraho lymph node mu muhogo, mubisanzwe bikurikirwa no kuvura imirasire hamwe na chimiotherapie.

• Chimiotherapie hamwe nimirasire ivura hamwe.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yo kuvura imirasire yonyine ugereranije nimirasire hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (cetuximab).

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubudahangarwa, chimiotherapie, radiosensitizers, cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Umuti wa Kanseri yo mu mitsi kandi isubirwamo

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yo mu kanwa kandi igaruka kenshi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga hamwe no kuvura imirasire.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Chimoterapi.

• Immunotherapy hamwe na pembrolizumab cyangwa nivolumab.

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubuvuzi bushya.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri Kanseri yo mu nda

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri yo mu mihogo, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi Urupapuro

• Ingorane zo mu kanwa za Chimiotherapie n'umutwe / Imirasire y'ijosi

• Lazeri mu kuvura Kanseri

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi

• Intego zo kuvura Kanseri

• Immunotherapy yo kuvura Kanseri

• Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi

• Itabi (rikubiyemo ubufasha mu kureka)

Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Gutegura

• Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi