Types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq

Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma yo kuvura

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Indwara ya melanoma ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'ijisho.

• Kuba mukuru no kugira uruhu rwiza birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara melanoma.

• Ibimenyetso bya melanoma intraocular harimo kutabona neza cyangwa ahantu hijimye kuri iris.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma ijisho bikoreshwa mugufasha kumenya (gushakisha) no gusuzuma melanoma yo mu nda.

• Biopsy yikibyimba ntigikenewe gake kugirango tumenye melanoma yo mu nda.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Indwara ya melanoma ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'ijisho.

Indwara ya melanoma itangirira hagati yibice bitatu byurukuta rwijisho. Igice cyo hanze kirimo sclera yera ("umweru w'ijisho") na cornea isobanutse imbere yijisho. Igice cyimbere gifite umurongo wimyanya myakura, bita retina, ikumva urumuri kandi ikohereza amashusho kumitsi ya optique mubwonko.

Igice cyo hagati, aho imiterere ya melanoma itagaragara, yitwa uvea cyangwa uveal tract, kandi ifite ibice bitatu byingenzi:

Iris

Iris ni agace k'amabara imbere yijisho ("ibara ryijisho"). Irashobora kuboneka binyuze muri cornea isobanutse. Umunyeshuri ari hagati ya iris kandi ihindura ubunini kugirango ireke urumuri ruto cyangwa ruke mumaso. Indwara ya melanoma ya iris mubisanzwe ni ikibyimba gito gikura buhoro kandi gake gikwirakwira mubindi bice byumubiri.

Umubiri wa Ciliary

Umubiri wa ciliary ni impeta yumubiri ufite fibre yimitsi ihindura ingano yumunyeshuri nuburyo imiterere yinzira. Biboneka inyuma ya iris. Guhindura muburyo bwa lens bifasha ijisho kwibanda. Umubiri wa ciliary ukora kandi amazi asobanutse yuzuza umwanya uri hagati ya cornea na iris. Melanoma yo mu nda ya ciliary akenshi iba nini kandi ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri kuruta melanoma yo mu nda ya iris.

Choroid

Choroide ni urwego rwimiyoboro yamaraso izana ogisijeni nintungamubiri mumaso. Melanoma nyinshi zo mu nda zitangirira muri choroide. Melanoma yo mu nda ya choroide akenshi iba nini kandi ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri kuruta melanoma yo mu nda ya iris.

Anatomy yijisho, yerekana hanze ninyuma yijisho harimo sclera, cornea, iris, umubiri wa ciliary, choroide, retina, urwenya rwinshi, na nervice optique. Urwenya rwa vitreous ni amazi yuzuye hagati yijisho.

Indwara ya melanoma ni kanseri idasanzwe ikomoka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zikora melanine muri iris, umubiri wa ciliary, na choroide. Ni kanseri y'amaso ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakuru.

Kuba mukuru no kugira uruhu rwiza birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara melanoma.

Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga.

Impamvu zishobora gutera melanoma zo mu nda zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira isura nziza, ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhu rwiza ruvunika kandi rwaka byoroshye, ntiruhumeka, cyangwa kubyina nabi.

• Ubururu cyangwa icyatsi cyangwa andi maso yijimye.

• Ubusaza.

• Kuba umweru.

Ibimenyetso bya melanoma intraocular harimo kutabona neza cyangwa ahantu hijimye kuri iris.

Melanoma yo mu nda ntishobora gutera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso hakiri kare. Rimwe na rimwe usanga mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha amaso mugihe umuganga yaguye umunyeshuri akareba mumaso. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bishobora guterwa na melanoma yo mu nda cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Icyerekezo kidahwitse cyangwa izindi mpinduka mubyerekezo.

• Amagorofa (ibibara bigenda mumurima wawe wo kureba) cyangwa urumuri rwumucyo.

• Ikibanza cyijimye kuri iris.

• Guhindura mubunini cyangwa imiterere yumunyeshuri.

• Guhindura mumwanya wijisho ryijisho ryijisho.

Ibizamini bisuzuma ijisho bikoreshwa mugufasha kumenya (gushakisha) no gusuzuma melanoma yo mu nda.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.

• Ikizamini cy'amaso hamwe n'umunyeshuri wagutse : Ikizamini cy'ijisho umunyeshuri yaguyemo (yagutse) hamwe n'amaso y'amaso y’imiti kugira ngo umuganga arebe mu cyuma ndetse n’umunyeshuri kuri retina. Imbere yijisho, harimo retina na nervice optique, irasuzumwa. Amashusho arashobora gufatwa mugihe kugirango akurikirane impinduka mubunini bwikibyimba. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibizamini byamaso:

• Ophthalmoscopy: Ikizamini cyimbere yinyuma yijisho kugirango harebwe retina na nervice optique ukoresheje lens ntoya nini nini.

• Biomicroscopy ya slit-itara: Ikizamini cyimbere yijisho kugirango ugenzure retina, nervice optique, nibindi bice byijisho ukoresheje urumuri rukomeye rwumucyo na microscope.

• Gonioscopy: Ikizamini cyigice cyimbere cyijisho hagati ya cornea na iris. Igikoresho kidasanzwe gikoreshwa kugirango harebwe niba ahantu amazi ava mumaso yahagaritswe.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound yijisho: Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mumajwi yumuriro mwinshi (ultrasound) biva mubice byimbere byijisho kugirango bisubire. Ibitonyanga by'amaso bikoreshwa mu kuniga ijisho kandi iperereza rito ryohereza kandi ryakira imiraba y'amajwi rishyirwa buhoro hejuru yijisho. Ijwi rikora ishusho yimbere yijisho kandi harapimwa intera kuva cornea kugeza retina. Ishusho, yitwa sonogram, yerekana kuri ecran ya monitor ya ultrasound.

• Ultrasound biomicroscopie ihanitse cyane: Uburyo bwogukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zijwi ryamajwi (ultrasound) biva mubice byimbere byijisho kugirango bisubire. Ibitonyanga by'amaso bikoreshwa mu kuniga ijisho kandi iperereza rito ryohereza kandi ryakira imiraba y'amajwi rishyirwa buhoro hejuru yijisho. Ijwi rikora ishusho irambuye yimbere yijisho kuruta ultrasound isanzwe. Ikibyimba gisuzumwa ubunini bwacyo, imiterere, nubunini, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana ko ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mubice hafi.

• Transillumination yisi na iris: Ikizamini cya iris, cornea, lens, numubiri wa ciliary hamwe numucyo ushyizwe kumupfundikizo wo hejuru cyangwa hepfo.

• Fluorescein angiography: Uburyo bwo kureba imiyoboro y'amaraso no gutembera kw'amaraso imbere y'amaso. Irangi rya fluorescent irangi (fluorescein) ryatewe mumitsi yamaraso mumaboko ikajya mumaraso. Mugihe irangi rinyura mumitsi yamaraso yijisho, kamera idasanzwe ifata amashusho ya retina na choroide kugirango ibone ahantu hose hafunzwe cyangwa hasohoka.

• Indocyanine icyatsi kibisi: Uburyo bwo kureba imiyoboro yamaraso murwego rwa choroide yijisho. Irangi ry'icyatsi (icyatsi cya indocyanine) ryatewe mu mitsi y'amaraso mu kuboko ikajya mu maraso. Mugihe irangi rinyura mumitsi yamaraso yijisho, kamera idasanzwe ifata amashusho ya retina na choroide kugirango ibone ahantu hose hafunzwe cyangwa hasohoka.

• Ocular coherence tomografiya: Ikizamini cyerekana amashusho gikoresha imiraba yumucyo kugirango ufate amashusho yambukiranya retina, ndetse rimwe na rimwe choroide, kugirango urebe niba hari kubyimba cyangwa amazi munsi ya retina.

Biopsy yikibyimba ntigikenewe gake kugirango tumenye melanoma yo mu nda.

Biopsy ni ugukuraho selile cyangwa tissue kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Ni gake, biopsy yikibyimba irakenewe kugirango tumenye melanoma yo mu nda. Tissue yakuweho mugihe cya biopsy cyangwa kubagwa kugirango ikureho ikibyimba irashobora gupimwa kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeranye nuburyo bwo kuvura nibyiza.

Ibizamini bikurikira birashobora gukorwa kurugero rwa tissue:

• Isesengura rya Cytogenetike: Ikizamini cya laboratoire kibarwa chromosomes ya selile mucyitegererezo cyama tissue ikabarwa kandi ikagenzurwa niba hari impinduka, nko kuvunika, kubura, gutondekanya, cyangwa chromosomes ziyongera. Impinduka muri chromosomes zimwe zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri. Isesengura rya Cytogenetike rikoreshwa mu gufasha gusuzuma kanseri, gutegura gahunda yo kuvura, cyangwa kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza.

• Imvugo yerekana imiterere: Ikizamini cya laboratoire igaragaza ingirabuzimafatizo zose ziri mu ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo zikora (zerekana) intumwa RNA. Intumwa za RNA molekules zitwara amakuru ya genetike akenewe kugirango poroteyine ziva muri ADN ziri mu ngirabuzimafatizo zigera ku mashini ikora poroteyine muri cytoplazme.

Biopsy irashobora kuvamo gutandukana (retina itandukanya nizindi ngingo zo mumaso). Ibi birashobora gusanwa no kubagwa.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Uburyo selile ya melanoma isa munsi ya microscope.

• Ingano n'ubunini bw'ikibyimba.

• Igice cy'ijisho ikibyimba kirimo (iris, umubiri wa ciliary, cyangwa choroide).

• Niba ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu jisho cyangwa ahandi hantu mu mubiri.

• Niba hari impinduka zimwe muri gen zifitanye isano na melanoma intraocular.

• Imyaka yumurwayi nubuzima rusange.

• Niba ikibyimba cyongeye kugaruka (garuka) nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ibyiciro bya Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa melanoma yo mu nda, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Ingano zikurikira zikoreshwa mugusobanura melanoma yo mu nda no kuvura gahunda:

• Ntoya

• Hagati

• Kinini

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa muri melanoma intraocular yumubiri wa ciliary na choroide:

• Icyiciro I.

• Icyiciro cya II

• Icyiciro cya III

• Icyiciro cya IV

• Nta sisitemu yo kubika melanoma intraocular ya iris.

Nyuma yo gupimwa melanoma yo mu nda, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice byumubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura:

• Ubushakashatsi bwa chimie yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara.

• Kwipimisha imikorere yumwijima: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso numwijima. Kurenza urugero rusanzwe rwibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso kanseri yakwirakwije umwijima.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi y’amajwi menshi (ultrasound) asohoka mu ngingo cyangwa ingingo zimbere, nk'umwijima, kandi bigasubiramo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram.

• Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Uburyo bukoresha rukuruzi , imiraba ya radiyo, na mudasobwa mugukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice biri mumubiri, nkumwijima. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkigituza, inda, cyangwa pelvis, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo kandi bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

• PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto cyane wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe, PET scan hamwe na CT scan bikorwa icyarimwe. Niba hari kanseri, ibi byongera amahirwe yo kuboneka.

Ingano zikurikira zikoreshwa mugusobanura melanoma yo mu nda no kuvura gahunda:

Ntoya

Ikibyimba gifite milimetero 5 kugeza kuri 16 z'umurambararo no kuva kuri milimetero 1 kugeza kuri 3.

Millimetero (mm). Ikaramu ikarishye igera kuri mm 1, ingingo nshya ya crayon igera kuri mm 2, naho gusiba ikaramu nshya ni mm 5.

Hagati

Ikibyimba gifite milimetero 16 cyangwa ntoya ya diameter kandi kuva kuri 3.1 kugeza kuri milimetero 8.

Kinini

Ikibyimba ni:

• hejuru ya milimetero 8 z'uburebure na diameter iyo ari yo yose; cyangwa

• byibura milimetero 2 z'ubugari na milimetero zirenga 16 z'umurambararo.

Nubwo ibibyimba byinshi bya melanoma byazamutse, bimwe birasa. Ibibyimba bya diffuse bikura cyane muri uvea.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Niba melanoma yo mu nda ikwirakwira mu mitsi ya optique cyangwa hafi yinyuma yijisho ryijisho, byitwa kwaguka bidasanzwe.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba melanoma yo mu nda ikwirakwira mu mwijima, kanseri yo mu mwijima iba ari selile melanoma selile. Indwara ni metastatic intraocular melanoma, ntabwo ari kanseri y'umwijima.

Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa muri melanoma intraocular yumubiri wa ciliary na choroide:

Imbere ya melanoma yumubiri wa ciliary na choroide ifite ibyiciro bine. Icyiciro giterwa nuburyo ubugari n'ubunini ikibyimba. Icyiciro cya 1 ibibyimba ni bito kandi ibyiciro 4 nibibyimba binini.

Icyiciro cya 1:

• Ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 12 z'ubugari kandi ntikirenza milimetero 3; cyangwa

• ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 9 z'ubugari na milimetero 3.1 kugeza kuri 6.

Icyiciro cya 2:

• Ikibyimba gifite ubugari bwa milimetero 12 na 18 kandi ntikirenza milimetero 3; cyangwa

• ikibyimba gifite ubugari bwa milimetero 9.1 na 15 na milimetero 3,1; cyangwa

• ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 12 z'ubugari na 6.1 kugeza kuri 9 z'ubugari.

Icyiciro cya 3:

• Ikibyimba gifite milimetero 15.1 kugeza kuri 18 z'ubugari na milimetero 3.1 kugeza kuri 6; cyangwa

• ikibyimba gifite milimetero 12 na 18 z'ubugari na 6.1 kugeza kuri 9 z'ubugari; cyangwa

• ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 18 z'ubugari na 9.1 kugeza kuri 12 z'ubugari; cyangwa

• ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 15 z'ubugari na 12.1 kugeza kuri 15 z'ubugari.

Icyiciro cya 4:

• Ikibyimba kirenga milimetero 18 z'ubugari kandi gishobora kuba umubyimba wose; cyangwa

• ikibyimba gifite milimetero 15.1 kugeza kuri 18 n'ubugari burenga milimetero 12; cyangwa

• ikibyimba ntikirenza milimetero 15 z'ubugari n'uburebure bwa milimetero 15.

Icyiciro I.

Mu cyiciro cya I, ikibyimba ni icyiciro cya 1 kandi kiri muri choroide gusa.

Icyiciro cya II

Icyiciro cya II kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IIA na IIB.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIA, ikibyimba:

• ni ingano yicyiciro 1 kandi yakwirakwiriye mumubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 1 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba gishobora kuba cyarakwirakwiriye * mu mubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 2 kandi iri muri choroide gusa.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIB, ikibyimba:

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 2 kandi yakwirakwiriye mumubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 3 kandi iri muri choroide gusa.

Icyiciro cya III

Icyiciro cya III kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IIIA, IIIB, na IIIC.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIA, ikibyimba:

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 2 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba gishobora kuba cyarakwirakwiriye mu mubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 3 kandi yakwirakwiriye mumubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 3 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba nticyakwirakwiriye mu mubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano y'icyiciro cya 4 kandi iri muri choroide gusa.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIB, ikibyimba:

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 3 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu mubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 4 kandi yakwirakwiriye mumubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 4 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba nticyakwirakwiriye mu mubiri wa ciliary.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIC, ikibyimba:

• ni ingano yicyiciro cya 4 kandi yakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho ntikirenza milimetero 5. Ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu mubiri wa ciliary; cyangwa

• irashobora kuba ingano iyo ari yo yose kandi yarakwirakwiriye muri sclera hanze yijisho ryijisho. Igice cyikibyimba hanze yijisho kirenze milimetero 5.

Icyiciro cya IV

Mu cyiciro cya IV, ikibyimba gishobora kuba kinini kandi cyakwirakwiriye:

• kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi hafi cyangwa ijisho ryijisho ritandukanye nikibyimba kibanza; cyangwa

• ku bindi bice byumubiri, nkumwijima, ibihaha, amagufwa, ubwonko, cyangwa tissue munsi yuruhu.

Nta sisitemu yo kubika melanoma intraocular ya iris.

Gusubiramo Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Indwara ya melanoma isanzwe ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) imaze kuvurwa. Melanoma irashobora kugaruka mumaso cyangwa mubindi bice byumubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite melanoma yo mu nda.

• Ubwoko butanu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Kubaga

• Gutegereza

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Gufotora

• Ubuvuzi

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Umuti wa melanoma yo mu nda (uveal) urashobora gutera ingaruka.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite melanoma yo mu nda.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi bafite melanoma yo mu nda. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Ubwoko butanu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Kubaga

Kubaga nubuvuzi busanzwe bwa melanoma yo mu nda. Ubwoko bukurikira bwo kubaga bushobora gukoreshwa:

• Kwanga: Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba hamwe nuduce duto twiza twizengurutse.

• Enucleation: Kubaga kugirango ukureho ijisho nigice cyumutima wa optique. Ibi bikorwa niba iyerekwa ridashobora gukizwa kandi ikibyimba kinini, cyakwirakwiriye mumitsi ya optique, cyangwa gitera umuvuduko mwinshi imbere yijisho. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ubusanzwe umurwayi ashyirwa ijisho ryubukorikori kugirango rihure nubunini namabara yandi jisho.

• Kwiyongera: Kubaga kugirango ukureho ijisho n'amaso, n'imitsi, imitsi, n'ibinure biri mu jisho. Nyuma yo kubagwa, umurwayi ashobora gushyirwaho ijisho ryubukorikori kugirango rihure nubunini bwamabara yandi jisho cyangwa prothèse yo mumaso.

Gutegereza

Gutegereza witonze ni ugukurikiranira hafi uko umurwayi ameze atabanje kwivuza kugeza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara cyangwa bihindutse. Amashusho yafashwe mugihe kugirango akurikirane impinduka mubunini bwikibyimba nuburyo ikura vuba.

Gutegereza neza bikoreshwa kubarwayi badafite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso kandi ikibyimba ntikura. Irakoreshwa kandi mugihe ikibyimba kiri mumaso yonyine hamwe nicyerekezo cyingirakamaro.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri. Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutanga imishwarara irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo nziza. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire yo hanze burimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kwishyuza-ibice byo hanze bivura imishwarara ni ubwoko bwimiti ivura imirasire. Imashini idasanzwe yo kuvura imirasire igamije uduce duto, tutagaragara, bita proton cyangwa helium ion, kuri kanseri ya kanseri kugirango tubice nta byangiritse cyane ku ngingo zisanzwe zegeranye. Imiti ivura imishwarara ikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwimirasire itandukanye nubwoko bwa x-ray yo kuvura imirasire.

• Ubuvuzi bwa Gamma Knife ni ubwoko bwa radiosurgie ya stereotactique ikoreshwa kuri melanoma zimwe. Ubu buvuzi bushobora gutangwa mubuvuzi bumwe. Igamije kwibanda cyane kumirasire ya gamma kumyanya yibibyimba kuburyo nta byangiza bike mubice byiza. Gamma Knife therapy ntabwo ikoresha icyuma kugirango ikureho ikibyimba kandi ntabwo ari ibikorwa.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo. Uburyo bumwe bwo gutanga imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire y'imbere bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa plaque bwaho bwaho ni ubwoko bwubuvuzi bwimbere bushobora gukoreshwa mubibyimba byamaso. Imbuto zikoresha radiyo zifatanije kuruhande rumwe rwa disiki, bita plaque, hanyuma igashyirwa kumurongo winyuma wijisho hafi yikibyimba. Uruhande rwa plaque rwanditseho imbuto zireba ijisho, rugamije imirasire yibibyimba. Icyapa gifasha kurinda izindi ngingo zegeranye kumirasire.

Plaque radiotherapi yijisho. Ubwoko bw'imishwarara ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibyimba by'amaso. Imbuto zikoresha radio zishyirwa kuruhande rumwe rw'icyuma cyoroshye (ubusanzwe zahabu) bita plaque. Icyapa kidoda ku rukuta rwo hanze rw'ijisho. Imbuto zitanga imirase yica kanseri. Icyapa cyakuweho nyuma yubuvuzi, ubusanzwe bumara iminsi myinshi.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Imiti ivura hanze n'imbere ikoreshwa mu kuvura melanoma yo mu nda.

Gufotora

Photocoagulation nuburyo bukoresha urumuri rwa laser kugirango rwangize imiyoboro yamaraso izana intungamubiri mukibyimba, bigatuma selile yibibyimba bipfa. Photocoagulation irashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura ibibyimba bito. Ibi byitwa kandi coagulation yoroheje.

Ubuvuzi

Thermotherapy ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe buturuka kuri lazeri kugirango isenye kanseri ya kanseri no kugabanya ikibyimba.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Umuti wa melanoma yo mu nda (uveal) urashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Muri iki gice

• Iris Melanoma

• Umubiri wa Ciliary Melanoma

• Choroid Melanoma

• Kwagura bidasanzwe Melanoma na Metastatic Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

• Gusubiramo Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Iris Melanoma

Kuvura iris melanoma bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Gutegereza neza.

• Kubaga (resection cyangwa enucleation).

• Plaque imishwarara ivura, kubibyimba bidashobora gukurwaho no kubagwa.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Umubiri wa Ciliary Melanoma

Kuvura umubiri wa ciliary melanoma birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa plaque.

• Kwishyuza-ibice byo hanze-beam imishwarara.

• Kubaga (resection cyangwa enucleation).

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Choroid Melanoma

Umuti wa choroide melanoma urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Gutegereza neza.

• Ubuvuzi bwa plaque.

• Kwishyuza-ibice byo hanze-beam imishwarara.

• Gamma Knife therapy.

• Ubuvuzi.

• Kubaga (resection cyangwa enucleation).

Kuvura choroide melanoma yo hagati irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Plaque imishwarara ivura cyangwa idafite Photocoagulation cyangwa thermotherapy.

• Kwishyuza-ibice byo hanze-beam imishwarara.

• Kubaga (resection cyangwa enucleation).

Umuti wa choroide melanoma urashobora kuba urimo ibi bikurikira:

• Enucleation mugihe ikibyimba ari kinini cyane kubuvuzi bukiza ijisho.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kwagura bidasanzwe Melanoma na Metastatic Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Umuti wo kwaguka udasanzwe melanoma wakwirakwije amagufwa akikije ijisho urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga (exenteration).

• Ikigeragezo cyo kwa muganga.

Umuti mwiza wo kuvura metastatike intraocular melanoma ntiwabonetse. Igeragezwa rya kliniki rishobora kuba uburyo bwo kuvura. Vugana na muganga wawe kubyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Gusubiramo Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Umuti mwiza wo kuvura melanoma usanzwe ntiwabonetse. Igeragezwa rya kliniki rishobora kuba uburyo bwo kuvura. Vugana na muganga wawe kubyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kugira ngo Wige byinshi kuri Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye bivuye mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye melanoma intraocular (uveal), reba Urupapuro rwitangiriro rwa Melanoma.

Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Gutegura

• Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi