Ubwoko / kanseri-yo mu bwana / umurwayi / kanseri idasanzwe-ubwana-pdq

Kanseri idasanzwe yo kuvura abana (?)

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri idasanzwe Yubwana

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana ni kanseri idakunze kugaragara mu bana.

• Ibizamini bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri idasanzwe yubwana.

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana ni kanseri idakunze kugaragara mu bana.

Kanseri mu bana n'ingimbi ntisanzwe. Kuva mu 1975, umubare w'abanduye kanseri nshya mu bwana wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Kuva mu 1975, umubare w'abantu bapfa bazize kanseri yo mu bwana wagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri.

Kanseri zidasanzwe zaganiriweho muri iyi ncamake ni gake cyane ku buryo ibitaro byinshi by’abana bishobora kubona munsi yubwoko bumwe na bumwe mu myaka myinshi. Kuberako kanseri idasanzwe ari gake cyane, ntamakuru menshi yerekeye icyo kuvura bikora neza. Kuvura umwana akenshi bishingiye kubyo bize mu kuvura abandi bana. Rimwe na rimwe, amakuru aboneka gusa muri raporo zo gusuzuma, kuvura, no gukurikirana umwana umwe cyangwa itsinda rito ry'abana bahawe ubuvuzi bumwe.

Kanseri nyinshi zitandukanye zivugwa muri iyi ncamake. Bashyizwe hamwe aho basanga mumubiri.

Ibizamini bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha), gusuzuma, no gutera kanseri idasanzwe yubwana.

Ibizamini bikorwa kugirango tumenye, dusuzume, na kanseri yo mu cyiciro. Ibizamini byakoreshejwe biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri. Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye aho kanseri yatangiriye no mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Inzira ikoreshwa mukumenya niba selile ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri byitwa stage. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ibizamini nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa mugutahura, gusuzuma, na kanseri yintambwe:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.

• Ubushakashatsi bwa chimie yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara.

• X-ray: x-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

Kubara tomografiya (CT) scan yinda. Umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera muri CT scaneri, ifata amashusho ya x-ray imbere yinda.

• PET scan (positron emission tomografi scan): Uburyo bwo kubona selile mbi yibibyimba mumubiri. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi. PET scaneri izenguruka umubiri kandi ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima twibibyimba twerekana neza cyane ku ishusho kuko zikora cyane kandi zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe.

Positron yoherejwe na tomografiya (PET) scan. Umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera muri PET scaneri. Kuruhuka umutwe hamwe nigitambara cyera bifasha umwana kuryama. Umubare muto wa glucose ikora radio (isukari) yatewe mumitsi yumwana, hanyuma scaneri ikora ishusho yerekana aho glucose ikoreshwa mumubiri. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zigaragara neza ku ishusho kuko zifata glucose nyinshi kuruta selile zisanzwe.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Uburyo bukoresha rukuruzi na radiyo kugirango ukore amashusho arambuye yibice biri mumubiri. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yinda. Umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera muri scaneri ya MRI, ifata amashusho imbere yumubiri. Urupapuro ku nda yumwana rufasha gukora amashusho neza.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi menshi y’amajwi (ultrasound) asohoka mu ngingo cyangwa mu ngingo imbere hanyuma agasubiramo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram. Ishusho irashobora gucapurwa kugirango irebe nyuma.

Ultrasound yo munda. Transducer ya ultrasound ihujwe na mudasobwa ikanda ku ruhu rwinda. Transducer isunika amajwi hejuru yingingo zimbere ninyama kugirango ikore echo ikora sonogramu (ishusho ya mudasobwa).

• Endoscopi: Uburyo bwo kureba ingingo nuduce twimbere mumubiri kugirango tumenye ahantu hadasanzwe. Endoscope yinjizwa binyuze mu gutemagura (gukata) mu ruhu cyangwa gufungura mu mubiri, nk'akanwa cyangwa urukiramende. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kuba ifite igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa lymph node ntangarugero, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

Endoskopi yo hejuru. Umuyoboro unanutse, urumuri rwinjizwa mu kanwa kugirango ushakishe ahantu hadasanzwe muri esofagusi, igifu, ndetse nigice cya mbere cy amara mato.

• Gusikana amagufwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba mu magufwa hari selile zigabanya vuba, nka selile kanseri. Umubare muto cyane wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyiriza mu magufa hamwe na kanseri kandi bigaragazwa na scaneri.

Gusikana amagufwa. Umubare muto wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi yumwana kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyo bikusanya mumagufwa. Mugihe umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera munsi ya scaneri, hamenyekana ibikoresho bya radio bikora amashusho bigakorerwa kuri ecran ya mudasobwa.

• Biopsy: Gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirangingo kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwa biopsy. Ubwoko bukunze kuboneka harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyifuzo bya inshinge nziza (FNA) biopsy: Gukuraho tissue cyangwa fluid ukoresheje urushinge ruto.

• Core biopsy: Gukuraho tissue ukoresheje urushinge runini.

• Biopsy incisional: Gukuraho igice cyikibyimba cyangwa icyitegererezo cyimyenda idasa nkibisanzwe.

• Biopsy idasanzwe: Gukuraho ibibyimba byose cyangwa agace ka tissue bidasa nkibisanzwe.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri ya tiroyide ikwirakwira mu bihaha, selile ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile ya tiroyide. Indwara ni kanseri ya tiroyide metastatike, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.

Impfu nyinshi za kanseri ziterwa iyo kanseri ivuye mu kibyimba cyambere ikwirakwira mu zindi ngingo no mu ngingo. Ibi bita kanseri metastatike. Iyi animasiyo yerekana uburyo selile ya kanseri igenda kuva mumubiri aho yabanje kurema mubindi bice byumubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abana bafite kanseri idasanzwe.

• Abana barwaye kanseri idasanzwe bagomba gutegurwa nubuvuzi bwitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura kanseri mu bana.

• Ubwoko icyenda bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Kubaga

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Chimoterapi

• Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe na autologique stem selile

• Ubuvuzi bwa hormone

• Immunotherapy

• Gutegereza neza

• Ubuvuzi bugamije

• Embolisation

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Ubuvuzi bwa Gene

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

• Kuvura kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana birashobora gutera ingaruka.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abana bafite kanseri idasanzwe.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubana barwaye kanseri. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Kubera ko kanseri mu bana idasanzwe, kugira uruhare mu igeragezwa ry’amavuriro bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Abana barwaye kanseri idasanzwe bagomba gutegurwa nubuvuzi bwitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura kanseri mu bana.

Umuti uzakurikiranwa n’umuganga w’abana oncologue, umuganga winzobere mu kuvura abana barwaye kanseri. Umuganga wa oncologue w'abana akorana n'abandi bashinzwe ubuvuzi bw'abana b'inzobere mu kuvura abana barwaye kanseri kandi bazobereye mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi. Aba bashobora kuba barimo inzobere zikurikira:

• Umuganga w'abana.

• Umuganga ubaga abana.

• Inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'abana.

• Imirasire ya oncologue.

• Inzobere mu baforomo b'abana.

• Inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.

• Endocrinologue.

• Ushinzwe imibereho myiza.

• Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu.

Ubwoko icyenda bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Kubaga

Kubaga nuburyo bukoreshwa mukumenya niba kanseri ihari, kuvana kanseri mumubiri, cyangwa gusana igice cyumubiri. Kubaga Palliative bikorwa kugirango bikureho ibimenyetso biterwa na kanseri. Kubaga byitwa kandi kubaga.

Muganga amaze gukuraho kanseri zose zishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo kubagwa, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhabwa chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bice selile zose zisigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri.

Ubuvuzi bwa proton beam ni ubwoko bwingufu nyinshi, ivura imirasire yo hanze. Imashini ivura imirasire igamije imigezi ya proton (utuntu duto, tutagaragara, twuzuye neza) kuri selile ya kanseri kugirango tubice. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura butera kwangirika kwinyama nzima hafi.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu byangiza radio byatewe mumubiri cyangwa bigashyirwaho kashe inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa cathete zishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.

• 131I-MIBG (radiyo ikora iyode) ni ubwoko bwimiti ivura imirasire yimbere ikoreshwa mu kuvura pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma. Iyode ya radiyo itangwa no gushiramo. Yinjira mumaraso kandi ikusanya mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwibibyimba, ikabica hamwe nimirasire yatanzwe.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kwanduza kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi ya cerebrospinal fluid, cavit yumubiri nkinda, cyangwa urugingo, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere. Imiti ya chimiotherapie ni imiti ikoresheje imiti irenze imwe ya anticancer. Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa.

Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe na autologique stem selile

Umubare munini wa chimiotherapie utangwa kugirango wice selile. Ingirabuzimafatizo nzima, harimo na selile zikora amaraso, nazo zirasenywa no kuvura kanseri. Gutabara ingirabuzimafatizo ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingirabuzimafatizo. Ingirabuzimafatizo (selile yamaraso idakuze) ikurwa mumaraso cyangwa igufwa ryumurwayi kandi irakonja ikabikwa. Nyuma yuko umurwayi arangije chimiotherapie, ingirangingo zibitswe zabitswe kandi zisubizwa umurwayi binyuze mu gushiramo. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zongeye gukoreshwa zikura (kandi zigarura) ingirangingo z'amaraso z'umubiri.

Ubuvuzi bwa hormone

Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone nubuvuzi bwa kanseri bukuraho imisemburo cyangwa ikabuza ibikorwa byayo kandi ikabuza kanseri gukura. Hormone ni ibintu bikozwe na glande mumubiri kandi bigatembera mumaraso. Imisemburo imwe n'imwe irashobora gutuma kanseri zimwe zikura. Niba ibizamini byerekana ko kanseri ya kanseri ifite aho imisemburo ishobora kwomeka (reseptors), ibiyobyabwenge, kubaga, cyangwa kuvura imirasire bikoreshwa mukugabanya imisemburo cyangwa kubabuza gukora. Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone hamwe nibiyobyabwenge bita corticosteroide birashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura kanseri ya thymoma cyangwa thymic.

Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone hamwe na analogue ya somatostatine (octreotide cyangwa lanreotide) irashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine byakwirakwiriye cyangwa bidashobora gukurwaho no kubagwa. Octreotide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mukuvura thymoma ititabira ubundi buvuzi. Ubu buvuzi buhagarika imisemburo yinyongera idakorwa nikibyimba cya neuroendocrine. Octreotide cyangwa lanreotide ni ibigereranyo bya somatostatine byatewe munsi yuruhu cyangwa mumitsi. Rimwe na rimwe, ibintu bike bya radiyo bifata imiti kandi imirasire nayo yica kanseri. Ibi bita peptide reseptor radionuclide therapy.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura kanseri nabwo bwitwa biotherapy cyangwa biologique therapy.

• Interferon: Interferon igira uruhare mu igabana ry'uturemangingo twa kanseri kandi irashobora gutinda gukura kw'ibibyimba. Ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya nasofaryngeal na papillomatose.

• Virusi ya Epstein-Barr (EBV) -kidasanzwe cytotoxic T-lymphocytes: Uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera (T-lymphocytes) tuvurirwa muri laboratoire hamwe na virusi ya Epstein-Barr hanyuma bagahabwa umurwayi kugira ngo bakangure ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri no kurwanya kanseri. EBV yihariye cytotoxic T-lymphocytes irimo kwigwa kuvura kanseri yizuru.

• Ubuvuzi bw'inkingo: Umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibintu cyangwa itsinda ryibintu kugirango utere imbaraga z'umubiri kubona ikibyimba no kukica. Ubuvuzi bw'inkingo bukoreshwa mu kuvura papillomatose.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwingirangingo, nka selile T, hamwe na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zifite poroteyine zimwe na zimwe, bita proteine ​​proteyine, hejuru yabyo bikomeza kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo kanseri ya kanseri ifite proteine ​​nyinshi, ntabwo zizaterwa no kwicwa na selile T. Immune igenzura ibuza izo poroteyine kandi ubushobozi bwa selile T bwo kwica kanseri bwiyongera.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwubudahangarwa bwo kugenzura indwara:

• CTLA-4 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo CTLA-4 ifashe indi poroteyine yitwa B7 kuri selile ya kanseri, ibuza selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za CTLA-4 zifatanije na CTLA-4 kandi zemerera selile T kwica kanseri. Ipilimumab ni ubwoko bwa CTLA-4 inhibitor. Ipilimumab irashobora gufatwa nkigikorwa cyo kuvura melanoma ifite ibyago byinshi yakuweho burundu mugihe cyo kubagwa. Ipilimumab ikoreshwa kandi na nivolumab mu kuvura abana bamwe na bamwe bafite kanseri yibara.

Immune igenzura. Intungamubiri za poroteyine, nka B7-1 / B7-2 kuri selile zerekana antigen (APC) na CTLA-4 kuri selile T, zifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo reseptor ya T-selile (TCR) ihuza na poroteyine za antigen hamwe ningenzi zikomeye za histocompatibilité (MHC) kuri APC na CD28 zihuza B7-1 / B7-2 kuri APC, selile T irashobora gukora. Ariko, guhuza B7-1 / B7-2 na CTLA-4 bituma selile T zidakora kuburyo zidashobora kwica selile yibibyimba mumubiri (panne ibumoso). Guhagarika guhuza B7-1 / B7-2 na CTLA-4 hamwe na inhibitor igenzura (antibody anti-CTLA-4) ituma selile T ikora kandi ikica selile yibibyimba (panel iburyo).

• PD-1 ni poroteyine hejuru ya selile T ifasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo PD-1 ifatanye nindi poroteyine yitwa PDL-1 kuri selile ya kanseri, ibuza selile T kwica kanseri. Inzitizi za PD-1 zifatanije na PDL-1 kandi zemerera selile T kwica selile. Nivolumab ni ubwoko bwa PD-1 inhibitor. Nivolumab ikoreshwa na ipilimumab mu kuvura abana bamwe na bamwe bafite kanseri yibara. Pembrolizumab na nivolumab bikoreshwa mu kuvura melanoma yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Nivolumab na pembrolizumab barimo kwigwa mukuvura melanoma kubana ningimbi. Umuti hamwe nibi biyobyabwenge byombi wize cyane mubantu bakuru.

Immune igenzura. Intungamubiri za poroteyine, nka PD-L1 ku ngirabuzimafatizo na PD-1 kuri selile T, zifasha kugenzura ibisubizo by’ubudahangarwa. Guhambira PD-L1 na PD-1 bituma selile T itica selile yibibyimba mumubiri (panne ibumoso). Guhagarika guhuza PD-L1 na PD-1 hamwe na inhibitor igenzura (anti-PD-L1 cyangwa anti-PD-1) ituma selile T yica selile yibibyimba (panne iburyo).

• Ubuvuzi bwa BRAF kinase inhibitori: BRAF kinase inhibitor ihagarika proteine ​​ya BRAF. Poroteyine za BRAF zifasha kugenzura imikurire ya selile kandi irashobora guhinduka (guhinduka) muburyo bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri. Guhagarika poroteyine za BRAF zahinduwe birashobora gufasha gutuma kanseri idakura. Dabrafenib, vemurafenib, na encorafenib bikoreshwa mukuvura melanoma. Dabrafenib yo munwa iri kwigwa mubana ningimbi hamwe na melanoma. Umuti hamwe nibi biyobyabwenge bitatu wize cyane mubantu bakuru.

Gutegereza neza

Gutegereza witonze ni ugukurikiranira hafi uko umurwayi ameze atabanje kwivuza kugeza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara cyangwa bihindutse. Gutegereza witonze birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe ikibyimba kigenda gikura buhoro cyangwa mugihe bishoboka ko ikibyimba gishobora kubura nta kuvura.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Ubuvuzi bugamije ni ubuvuzi bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu kugirango umenye kandi utere kanseri yihariye itangiza ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe. Ubwoko bwubuvuzi bugenewe gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Iyi miti igamije kuvura ibuza ibimenyetso bikenewe kugirango ibibyimba bikure. Vandetanib na cabozantinib bikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya medullary. Sunitinib ikoreshwa mu kuvura pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine, thymoma, na kanseri ya thymic. Crizotinib ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibyimba bya tracheobronchial.

• mTOR inhibitor: Ubwoko bwubuvuzi bugamije guhagarika poroteyine ifasha selile kugabana no kubaho. Everolimus ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibyimba byumutima, neuroendocrine, na islet selile.

• Antibodiyite za Monoclonal: Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoresha antibodies zakozwe muri laboratoire, uhereye mubwoko bumwe bwimikorere ya selile. Iyi antibodies irashobora kumenya ibintu biri muri kanseri ya kanseri cyangwa ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gufasha kanseri gukura. Antibodiyite ifata ibintu kandi ikica selile ya kanseri, ikabuza gukura kwayo, cyangwa ikabuza gukwirakwira. Antibodiyite za Monoclonal zitangwa no gushiramo. Bashobora gukoreshwa bonyine cyangwa gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, uburozi, cyangwa ibikoresho bya radio bikoresha kanseri ya kanseri. Bevacizumab ni antibody ya monoclonal ikoreshwa mu kuvura papillomatose.

• Inhibitor ya Histone methyltransferase: Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura bugabanya umuvuduko wa kanseri ubushobozi bwo gukura no kugabana. Tazemetostat ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri yintanga. Tazemetostat iri kwigwa mukuvura chordoma yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

• MEK inhibitor: Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura bugamije guhagarika ibimenyetso bikenewe kugirango ibibyimba bikure. Trametinib na binimetinib bikoreshwa mu kuvura melanoma yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Umuti hamwe na trametinib cyangwa binimetinib wize cyane mubantu bakuru.

Ubuvuzi bugamije burimo kwigwa mukuvura izindi kanseri zidasanzwe zo mu bwana.

Embolisation

Embolisation ni uburyo bwo gutandukanya irangi n’ibice byinjizwa mu mitsi ya hepatike binyuze muri catheter (tube tube). Ibice bifunga imiyoboro y'amaraso, bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kibyimba. Rimwe na rimwe, agace gato k'ibikoresho bya radiyo bifatanye na buke. Imirasire myinshi ifatirwa hafi yikibyimba kugirango yice kanseri. Ibi byitwa radioembolisation.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Iki gice cyincamake gisobanura imiti irimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ntishobora kuvuga ubuvuzi bushya burimo kwigwa. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Ubuvuzi bwa Gene

Ubuvuzi bwa Gene ni uburyo bwo kuvura ibintu byo mu mahanga (ADN cyangwa RNA) byinjizwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu kugira ngo birinde cyangwa birwanye indwara. Ubuvuzi bwa Gene burimo kwigwa mukuvura papillomatose.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba imiterere y'umwana wawe yarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Kuvura kanseri idasanzwe yo mu bwana birashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka zitangira mugihe cyo kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Ingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri zitangira nyuma yo kuvurwa zikomeza amezi cyangwa imyaka byitwa ingaruka zitinze. Ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri zishobora kuba zikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibibazo byumubiri.

• Impinduka mumyumvire, ibyiyumvo, gutekereza, kwiga, cyangwa kwibuka.

• Kanseri ya kabiri (ubwoko bushya bwa kanseri).

Ingaruka zimwe zitinze zishobora kuvurwa cyangwa kugenzurwa. Ni ngombwa kuganira n'abaganga b'umwana wawe ku ngaruka zishobora gutinda ziterwa na kanseri zimwe na zimwe no kuvura kanseri. (Reba incamake ya ku ngaruka Zitinze zo Kuvura Kanseri Yabana Kubindi bisobanuro).

Kanseri idasanzwe yumutwe nijosi

Muri iki gice

• Kanseri yo mu mazuru

• Esthesioneuroblastoma

• Thyroid Tumors

• Kanseri yo mu kanwa

• Amacandwe ya Gland Tumors

• Kanseri yo mu mara na Papillomatose

• Kanseri yo mu gice cyo hagati hamwe na NUT Guhindura Gene (NUT Midline Carcinoma)

Kanseri yo mu mazuru

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bwa Kanseri Nasopharyngeal Umwana Kubindi bisobanuro.

Esthesioneuroblastoma

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bwabana Esthesioneuroblastoma kubindi bisobanuro.

Thyroid Tumors

Reba incamake ya kubijyanye no kuvura Kanseri Yumwana Kubana Kumakuru.

Kanseri yo mu kanwa

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura kanseri yo mu kanwa mu bwana.

Amacandwe ya Gland Tumors

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura Salivary Gland Tumors Kuvura amakuru menshi.

Kanseri yo mu mara na Papillomatose

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura ibibyimba byabana bato.

Kanseri yo mu gice cyo hagati hamwe na NUT Guhindura Gene (NUT Midline Carcinoma)

Reba incamake ya kumyanya yo hagati yubuto bwa Carcinoma hamwe na NUT Gene Guhindura imiti kubindi bisobanuro.

Kanseri idasanzwe yo mu gatuza

Muri iki gice

• Kanseri y'ibere

• Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Ibibyimba bya Esophageal

• Thymoma na Thymic Carcinoma

• Ibibyimba byumutima (Umutima)

• Mesothelioma

Kanseri y'ibere

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeye Kuvura Kanseri Yamabere Yumwana Kubindi bisobanuro.

Kanseri y'ibihaha

Reba incamake ya ikurikira kubindi bisobanuro:

• Umwana Tracheobronchial Tumors Kuvura

• Umwana Pleuropulmonary Blastoma

Ibibyimba bya Esophageal

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bwa Kanseri Esophageal Yumwana Kubindi bisobanuro.

Thymoma na Thymic Carcinoma

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bwa Thymoma bwabana na Thymic Carcinoma.

Ibibyimba byumutima (Umutima)

Reba incamake ya kumiti yumutima yumutima (Umutima) Kuvura ibindi bisobanuro.

Mesothelioma

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bwa Mesothelioma bwabana kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byinshi.

Kanseri idasanzwe yo munda

Muri iki gice

• Kanseri yo mu gifu (Gastric)

• Kanseri y'urwagashya

• Kanseri yibara

• Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine (Ibibyimba bya Carcinoid)

• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Kanseri ya Adrenocortical

Kanseri ya Adrenocortical ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) zikora mu gice cyo hanze cya glande ya adrenal. Hariho glande ebyiri. Glande ya adrenal ni nto kandi ifite ishusho nka mpandeshatu. Glande imwe ya adrenal yicaye hejuru ya buri mpyiko. Buri glande ya adrenal ifite ibice bibiri. Hagati ya glande ya adrenal ni medula ya adrenal. Igice cyo hanze cya glande ya adrenal ni cortex ya adrenal. Kanseri ya Adrenocortical yitwa kanseri ya cortex ya adrenal.

Kanseri ya adrenocortical yo mu bwana iboneka cyane ku barwayi bafite munsi y’imyaka 6 cyangwa mu myaka yingimbi, kandi akenshi ku bagore.

Cortex ya adrenal ikora imisemburo ikomeye ikora ibi bikurikira:

• Kuringaniza amazi n'umunyu mumubiri.

• Fasha kugumana umuvuduko wamaraso.

• Fasha kugenzura umubiri ukoresha proteine, ibinure, na karubone.

• Tera umubiri kugira ibiranga umugabo cyangwa umugore.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe no gupima no gupima ibizamini

Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya adrenocortique byiyongera muguhindura ihinduka runaka (gene) muri gene cyangwa imwe muri syndromes ikurikira:

• Indwara ya Li-Fraumeni.

• Indwara ya Beckwith-Wiedemann.

• Hemihypertrophy.

Kanseri ya Adrenocortical irashobora gutera kimwe mubimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba mu nda.

• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa inyuma.

• Kumva wuzuye munda.

Nanone, ikibyimba cya cortex ya adrenal gishobora kuba gikora (gikora imisemburo irenze iyisanzwe) cyangwa idakora (ntigikora imisemburo yinyongera). Ibibyimba byinshi bya adrenal cortex mubana bikora ibibyimba. Imisemburo yinyongera ikorwa nibibyimba ikora irashobora gutera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso byindwara kandi biterwa nubwoko bwa hormone ikorwa nikibyimba. Kurugero, imisemburo ya androgene yiyongereye irashobora gutuma abana b'igitsina gabo n'abagore bakura imico y'abagabo, nk'umusatsi w'umubiri cyangwa ijwi ryimbitse, gukura vuba, no kugira acne. Umusemburo udasanzwe wa estrogene urashobora gutera imikurire yinyama zamabere kubana b'abahungu. Imisemburo idasanzwe ya cortisol irashobora gutera syndrome ya Cushing (hypercortisolism).

(Reba incamake ya ku kuvura Adrenocortical Carcinoma ikuze kugira ngo umenye amakuru menshi ku bimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya adrenocortique.)

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima no gutera kanseri ya adrenocortique biterwa nibimenyetso byumurwayi. Ibi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• Amaraso yubushakashatsi.

• X-ray yigituza, inda, cyangwa amagufwa.

• CT scan.

• MRI.

• PET scan.

• Ultrasound.

• Biopsy (misa ikurwaho mugihe cyo kubagwa hanyuma icyitegererezo kigasuzumwa ibimenyetso bya kanseri).

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri ya adrenocortique harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kwipimisha inkari amasaha 24 : Ikizamini gikusanyirizwamo inkari amasaha 24 kugirango bapime urugero rwa cortisol cyangwa 17-ketosteroide. Umubare urenze urugero rusanzwe rwibi bintu mu nkari birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara muri cortex ya adrenal.

• Ikizamini cyo guhagarika dexamethasone nkeya : Ikizamini gitangwa inshuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi ntoya ya dexamethasone. Urwego rwa cortisol rusuzumwa uhereye ku maraso cyangwa mu nkari zegeranijwe iminsi itatu. Iki kizamini gikozwe kugirango harebwe niba glande ya adrenal ikora cortisol cyane.

• Ikizamini cyo guhagarika cyane-dexamethasone: Ikizamini gitangwa inshuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi za dexamethasone. Urwego rwa cortisol rusuzumwa uhereye ku maraso cyangwa mu nkari zegeranijwe iminsi itatu. Iki kizamini gikozwe kugirango harebwe niba glande ya adrenal ikora cortisol nyinshi cyangwa niba glande ya pituito ibwira glande ya adrenal gukora cortisol nyinshi.

• Ubushakashatsi bw’imisemburo yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano ya hormone zimwe na zimwe zisohoka mumaraso ningingo hamwe nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Amaraso arashobora gusuzumwa testosterone cyangwa estrogene. Umubare urenze urugero rusanzwe rwiyi misemburo urashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri ya adrenocortique.

• Adrenal angiography: Uburyo bwo kureba imiyoboro y'amaraso no gutembera kw'amaraso hafi ya glande ya adrenal. Irangi ritandukanye ryatewe mumitsi ya adrenal. Mugihe irangi rinyura mumitsi yamaraso, hafatwa urukurikirane rwa x-ray kugirango barebe niba arteri zifunze.

• Adrenal venography: Uburyo bwo kureba imitsi ya adrenal no gutembera kwamaraso hafi ya glande. Irangi ritandukanye ryatewe mumitsi ya adrenal. Mugihe itandukaniro ryirangi rinyura mumitsi, urukurikirane rwa x-imirasire rufatwa kugirango harebwe niba imitsi ihagaritswe. Catheter (umuyoboro muto cyane) irashobora kwinjizwa mumitsi kugirango ifate urugero rwamaraso, isuzumwa niba imisemburo idasanzwe.

Kumenyekanisha

Prognoz (amahirwe yo gukira) nibyiza kubarwayi bafite ibibyimba bito byavanyweho burundu no kubagwa. Ku bandi barwayi, guhanura biterwa n'ibi bikurikira:

• Ingano yikibyimba.

• Ukuntu kanseri ikura vuba.

• Niba hari impinduka muri genes zimwe.

• Niba ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, harimo na lymph node.

• Imyaka y'umwana.

• Niba igipfukisho kizengurutse ikibyimba cyafunguye mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango bakureho ikibyimba.

• Niba ikibyimba cyavanyweho burundu mugihe cyo kubagwa.

• Niba umwana yaratsimbataje imico y'abagabo.

Kanseri ya Adrenocortical irashobora gukwirakwira mu mwijima, ibihaha, impyiko, cyangwa amagufwa.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri ya adrenocortique mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho glande ya adrenal, nibiba ngombwa, kanseri ikwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri. Rimwe na rimwe, chimiotherapie nayo iratangwa.

Kuvura kanseri ya adrenocortique isubira mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kumiti ya Adrenocortical Carcinoma ivura amakuru menshi.

Kanseri yo mu gifu (Gastric)

Kanseri yo mu gifu ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ikora mu gifu. Igifu ni urugingo rwa J mu nda yo hejuru. Nibice bigize sisitemu yumubiri, itunganya intungamubiri (vitamine, imyunyu ngugu, karubone, amavuta, proteyine, namazi) mubiribwa biribwa kandi bifasha gusohora imyanda mumubiri. Ibiryo biva mu muhogo bijya mu gifu binyuze mu muyoboro wuzuye, imitsi witwa esophagus. Nyuma yo kuva mu gifu, ibiryo byashizwemo igice byinjira mu mara mato hanyuma bikinjira mu mara manini.

Esofagusi nigifu biri murwego rwo hejuru rwa gastrointestinal (digestive).

Ibintu bishobora guhura nibimenyetso nibimenyetso

Ibyago bya kanseri yo mu gifu byiyongera kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira kwandura bagiteri ya Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), iboneka mu gifu.

• Kugira imiterere yarazwe yitwa familial diffuse kanseri yo mu gifu.

Abarwayi benshi ntibafite ibimenyetso nibimenyetso kugeza kanseri ikwirakwiriye. Kanseri yo mu gifu irashobora gutera kimwe mu bimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Anemia (umunaniro, umutwe, kwihuta cyangwa kudasanzwe k'umutima, guhumeka nabi, uruhu rwera).

• Kubabara mu gifu.

• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.

• Isesemi.

• Kuruka.

• Kuribwa mu nda cyangwa impiswi.

• Intege nke.

Ibindi bintu bitari kanseri yigifu birashobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutegura

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yo mu gifu bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• X-ray yo munda.

• Amaraso yubushakashatsi.

• CT scan.

• Biopsy.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima no gutera kanseri yigifu harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Endoskopi yo hejuru: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere muri esofagusi, igifu, na duodenum (igice cya mbere cy amara mato) kugirango urebe ahantu hadasanzwe. Endoscope inyuzwa mu kanwa no munsi y'umuhogo muri esofagus. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kuba ifite igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa lymph node ntangarugero, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

• Barium yamira: Urukurikirane rwa x-imirasire ya esofagusi nigifu. Umurwayi anywa amazi arimo barium (ifumbire yera ya silver-yera). Amazi atwikiriye esofagusi nigifu, hanyuma x-imirasire ifatwa. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi urwego rwo hejuru rwa GI.

• Kubara amaraso yuzuye (CBC): Uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rwamaraso no gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, selile yera, na platine.

• Ingano ya hemoglobine (proteyine itwara ogisijeni) mu ngirangingo z'amaraso atukura.

• Igice cyicyitegererezo cyamaraso kigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zitukura.

Kumenyekanisha

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) biterwa nuko kanseri yakwirakwiriye mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha ndetse nuburyo kanseri yitabira kwivuza.

Kanseri yo mu gifu irashobora gukwirakwira mu mwijima, mu bihaha, muri peritoneum, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'igifu mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho kanseri hamwe nuduce twiza tuzengurutse.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho kanseri nyinshi zishoboka, hakurikiraho kuvura imirasire hamwe na chimiotherapie.

Kuvura kanseri yo mu gifu ikunze kugaragara mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) igice cyiyi ncamake hamwe na Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoide) igice cyiyi ncamake kugirango umenye amakuru yerekeye kanseri yo mu gifu na kanseri ya neuroendocrine.

Kanseri y'urwagashya

Kanseri y'urwagashya ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za pancreas. Pancreas ni glande imeze nk'isaro ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 6. Impera yagutse ya pancreas yitwa umutwe, igice cyo hagati cyitwa umubiri, naho iherezo ryitwa umurizo. Ubwoko bwinshi bwibibyimba burashobora kwibumbira mumyanya myungu. Ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe ni byiza (ntabwo ari kanseri).

Anatomy ya pancreas. Urwagashya rufite ibice bitatu: umutwe, umubiri, umurizo. Iboneka munda hafi yinda, amara, nizindi ngingo.

Pancreas ifite imirimo ibiri yingenzi mumubiri:

• Gukora imitobe ifasha gusya (kumena) ibiryo. Iyi mitobe isohoka mu mara mato.

• Gukora imisemburo ifasha kugenzura isukari n'umunyu mwinshi mumaraso. Iyi misemburo isohoka mumaraso.

Hariho ubwoko bune bwa kanseri yandura mu bana:

• Ikibyimba gikomeye cya pseudopapillary ya pancreas. Ubu ni ubwoko bukunze kwibibyimba bya pancreatic. Bikunze kwibasira igitsina gore ari ingimbi n'abangavu. Ibibyimba bikura buhoro bifite ibice byombi bisa nkibice bikomeye. Ikibyimba gikomeye cya pseudopapillary ya pancreas ntigishobora gukwirakwira mubindi bice byumubiri kandi prognoz ni nziza cyane. Rimwe na rimwe, ikibyimba gishobora gukwirakwira mu mwijima, mu bihaha, cyangwa mu mitsi.

• Pancreatoblastoma. Ubusanzwe iboneka mubana bafite imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Abana barwaye syndrome ya Beckwith-Wiedemann hamwe na syndrome de familial adenomatous polypose (FAP) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura pancreatoblastoma. Ibibyimba bikura buhoro bikunze gukora ikibyimba alpha-fetoprotein. Ibi bibyimba birashobora kandi gukora imisemburo ya adrenocorticotropique (ACTH) na hormone antidiuretic (ADH). Pancreatoblastoma irashobora gukwirakwira mu mwijima, mu bihaha, no mu mitsi. Kumenyekanisha kubana barwaye pancreatoblastoma nibyiza.

• Ibibyimba bya selile. Ibi bibyimba ntibisanzwe mubana kandi birashobora kuba byiza cyangwa bibi. Ibibyimba by'utugingo ngengabuzima bishobora kugaragara ku bana bafite syndrome ya endocrine nyinshi yo mu bwoko bwa 1 (MEN1). Ubwoko bwibibyimba byo mu bwoko bwa islet ni insulinoma na gastrinoma. Ubundi bwoko bwibibyimba bya islet ni ACTHoma na VIPoma. Ibibyimba birashobora gukora imisemburo, nka insuline, gastrine, ACTH, cyangwa ADH. Iyo hakozwe imisemburo myinshi, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byindwara bibaho.

• Kanseri y'urwagashya. Kanseri ya pancreatic ni gake cyane mubana. Ubwoko bubiri bwa kanseri ya pancreatic ni kanseri ya acinar na adenocarcinoma ductal.

Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso

Ibimenyetso rusange nibimenyetso bya kanseri yandura irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Umunaniro.

• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.

• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

• Kubura igifu.

• Ibibyimba mu nda.

Ku bana, ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe bita pancreatic ntabwo bisohora imisemburo kandi nta bimenyetso n'ibimenyetso by'indwara. Ibi bituma bigora gusuzuma kanseri yandura hakiri kare.

Ibibyimba bya pancreatic bikora imisemburo isohora bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso biterwa n'ubwoko bwa hormone ikorwa.

Niba ikibyimba gisohora insuline, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bishobora kubaho harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Isukari nke mu maraso. Ibi birashobora gutera kutabona neza, kubabara umutwe, no kumva ucuramye, unaniwe, intege nke, uhinda umushyitsi, ubwoba, uburakari, ibyuya,

• urujijo, cyangwa ushonje.

• Guhindura imyitwarire.

• Kurwara.

• Koma.

Niba ikibyimba gisohora gastrine, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bishobora kubaho harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibisebe byo munda bikomeza kugaruka.

• Kubabara munda, bishobora gukwirakwira inyuma. Ububabare bushobora kuza bukagenda kandi burashobora kugenda nyuma yo gufata antacide.

• Urujya n'uruza rw'igifu rusubira muri esofagusi (gastroesophageal reflux).

• Impiswi.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso biterwa nibibyimba bikora ubundi bwoko bwa hormone, nka ACTH cyangwa ADH, bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Impiswi y'amazi.

• Umwuma (kumva ufite inyota, gukora inkari nke, uruhu rwumye numunwa, kubabara umutwe, kuzunguruka, cyangwa kumva unaniwe).

• Urwego rwa sodium (umunyu) muke mumaraso (urujijo, gusinzira, intege nke zimitsi, no gufatwa).

• Kugabanya ibiro cyangwa kwiyongera nta mpamvu izwi.

• Kuzenguruka mu maso n'amaboko yoroheje n'amaguru.

• Kumva unaniwe cyane kandi ufite intege nke.

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

• Ibimenyetso byijimye cyangwa byijimye kuruhu.

Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba ubona kimwe mubibazo mubana bawe. Ibindi bintu bitari kanseri yandura bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutegura

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yandura irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• X-ray yigituza.

• CT scan.

• MRI.

• PET scan.

• Biopsy.

• Biopsy ya Core-inshinge: Gukuraho tissue ukoresheje urushinge runini.

• Laparoscopi: Uburyo bwo kubaga kureba ingingo ziri munda kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso byindwara. Uduce duto (gukata) bikozwe mu rukuta rw'inda hanyuma laparoskopi (umuyoboro muto, ucanwa) winjizwa muri kimwe mu bice. Ibindi bikoresho birashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi buryo kugirango bikore inzira nko gukuraho ingingo cyangwa gufata ingero za tissue kugirango zisuzumwe munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

• Laparotomy: Uburyo bwo kubaga bukorerwa intambwe (gukata) mu rukuta rw'inda kugira ngo barebe imbere mu nda ibimenyetso by'indwara. Ingano yo gutemwa biterwa nimpamvu laparotomy ikorwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ingingo zivanwaho cyangwa ingero zifata zifatwa zigasuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri yandura harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Uburyo bwo kwinjiza endoskopi mu mubiri, ubusanzwe binyuze mu kanwa cyangwa urukiramende. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Iperereza kumpera ya endoscope rikoreshwa mugusunika amajwi menshi yingufu zamajwi (ultrasound) kumubiri cyangwa ingingo zimbere no gukora echo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa endosonography.

• Somatostatin reseptor scintigraphy: Ubwoko bwa scan ya radionuclide ikoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba bya pancreatic. Umubare muto cyane wa octreotide ya radio (imisemburo ifata ibibyimba bya kanseri) yatewe mumitsi kandi ikanyura mumaraso. Octreotide ya radio ifata ikibyimba kandi kamera idasanzwe yerekana radioactivite ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane aho ibibyimba biri mumubiri. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba bya selile.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura ikibyimba gikomeye cya pseudopapillary ya pancreas mubana gishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba.

• Chimoterapi yibibyimba bidashobora gukurwaho kubagwa cyangwa gukwirakwira mubindi bice byumubiri.

Kuvura pancreatoblastoma mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba. Uburyo bwa Whipple burashobora gukorwa kubibyimba mumutwe wa pancreas.

• Chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa kugirango igabanye ikibyimba mbere yo kubagwa. Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa nyuma yo kubagwa ibibyimba binini, ibibyimba bidashobora gukurwaho bwa mbere no kubagwa, n'ibibyimba byakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa mugihe ikibyimba kititabira kuvurwa cyangwa kugaruka.

Kuvura ibibyimba by'utugingo ngengabuzima mu bana bishobora kuba birimo imiti yo kuvura ibimenyetso biterwa na hormone n'ibikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba.

• Chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije (mTOR inhibitor therapy) kubibyimba bidashobora gukurwaho kubagwa cyangwa byakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri.

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye na Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Kuvura ibisobanuro birambuye kubyimba pancreatic.

Hano haribibazo bike byerekana kanseri ya pancreatic kanseri. (Reba incamake ya kubijyanye no kuvura kanseri ya pancreatic ikuze kugirango ubone uburyo bwo kuvura.)

Kuvura kanseri yandura kanseri yibana irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kubuvuzi bukuze bwa Kanseri ya Pancreatic na Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Kuvura ibisobanuro birambuye kubyimba pancreatic.

Kanseri yibara

Kanseri yibara ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo zifata ururenda cyangwa urukiramende. Umura ni igice cyimikorere yumubiri. Sisitemu y'ibiryo ikuraho kandi ikanatunganya intungamubiri (vitamine, imyunyu ngugu, karubone, amavuta, proteyine, n'amazi) mu biribwa kandi bigafasha gusohora imyanda mu mubiri. Sisitemu y'ibiryo igizwe na esofagusi, igifu, n'amara mato manini. Amara (amara manini) nigice cyambere cy amara manini kandi afite uburebure bwa metero 5. Hamwe na hamwe, urukiramende hamwe numuyoboro wigice bigize igice cyanyuma cy amara manini kandi gifite uburebure bwa santimetero 6-8. Umuyoboro wa anal urangirira kuri anus (gufungura amara manini hanze yumubiri).

Anatomy ya sisitemu yo hepfo igogora, yerekana amara nizindi ngingo.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe no gupima no gupima ibizamini

Kanseri yibara mu bwana irashobora kuba igice cya syndrome twarazwe. Kanseri zimwe na zimwe zifata urubyiruko zifitanye isano na mutation ya gene itera polyps (gukura mumyanya ndangagitsina ihuza ururondogoro) gukora ishobora guhinduka kanseri nyuma.

Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri yibara byiyongera muguhabwa ibihe bimwe na bimwe twarazwe, nka:

• Umuryango wa adenomatous polypose (FAP).

• FAP.

• MUTYH ifitanye isano na polypose.

• Indwara ya Lynch.

• Oligopolypose.

• Guhindura muri NTHL1.

• Indwara ya polypose y'abana.

• Indwara ya Cowden.

• Indwara ya Peutz-Jeghers.

• Neurofibromatose ubwoko bwa 1 (NF1).

Indwara ya colon polyps igaragara mubana badafite syndrome yarazwe ntabwo ifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa kanseri.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri yibara ryabana mubana biterwa nuko ikibyimba kiba. Kanseri yibara irashobora gutera kimwe mubimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ibibyimba bya rectum cyangwa colon yo hepfo birashobora gutera uburibwe munda, kuribwa mu nda, cyangwa impiswi.

• Ibibyimba mu gice cya colon kuruhande rwibumoso bwumubiri bishobora gutera:

• Ikibyimba mu nda.

• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.

• Isesemi no kuruka.

• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

• Amaraso mu ntebe.

• Anemia (umunaniro, umutwe, kwihuta cyangwa kudasanzwe k'umutima, guhumeka nabi, uruhu rwera).

• Ibibyimba mu gice cya colon kuruhande rwiburyo bwumubiri bishobora gutera:

• Kubabara mu nda.

• Amaraso mu ntebe.

• Kuribwa mu nda cyangwa impiswi.

• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka.

• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu izwi.

Ibindi bintu bitari kanseri yibara irashobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yibara irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• X-ray yigituza.

• CT gusikana igituza, inda, nigitereko.

• PET scan.

• MRI.

• Gusikana amagufwa.

• Biopsy.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri yibara harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Colonoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere muri rectum na colon kuri polyps, ahantu hadasanzwe, cyangwa kanseri. Colonoscope yinjizwa muri rectum muri colon. Colonoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho polyps cyangwa ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Barium enema: Urukurikirane rwa x-imirasire yinzira yo hepfo. Amazi arimo barium (ifumbire-yera ya metallic compound) ashyirwa murukiramende. Bariyumu yambika inzira yo hepfo ya gastrointestinal hanyuma hafatwa x-imirasire. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi urwego rwo hasi rwa GI.

• Kwipimisha amaraso ya fecal: Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma intebe (imyanda ikomeye) kumaraso ashobora kugaragara gusa na microscope. Ingero ntoya zintebe zishyirwa ku makarita adasanzwe hanyuma zigasubizwa kwa muganga cyangwa muri laboratoire.

• Kubara amaraso yuzuye (CBC): Uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rwamaraso no gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, selile yera, na platine.

• Ingano ya hemoglobine (proteyine itwara ogisijeni) mu ngirangingo z'amaraso atukura.

• Igice cyicyitegererezo cyamaraso kigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zitukura.

• Ikizamini cyimikorere yimpyiko: Ikizamini cyerekana amaraso cyangwa inkari zipimwa ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe birekurwa nimpyiko. Umubare munini cyangwa munsi yumubare usanzwe wibintu birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyuko impyiko zidakora nkuko bikwiye. Ibi byitwa kandi ikizamini cyimikorere yimpyiko.

• Ikizamini cyimikorere yumwijima : Ikizamini cyamaraso yo gupima urugero rwamaraso yibintu bimwe na bimwe birekurwa numwijima. Urwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ruto rwibintu bimwe na bimwe birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara yumwijima.

• Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) isuzuma: Ikizamini gipima urwego rwa CEA mumaraso. CEA irekurwa mumaraso ava muri kanseri ndetse na selile zisanzwe. Iyo ubonetse hejuru yumubare usanzwe, birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri yibara cyangwa izindi miterere.

Kumenyekanisha

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Niba ikibyimba cyose cyakuweho no kubagwa.

• Niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nka lymph node, umwijima, pelvis, cyangwa ovaries.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yibara mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba niba kitakwirakwiriye.

• Imishwarara yimishwarara hamwe na chimiotherapie yibibyimba muri rectum cyangwa colon yo hepfo.

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie, kuri kanseri yibara.

• Immunotherapy hamwe na inhibitori ya immunite (ipilimumab na nivolumab).

Kuvura kanseri yibara inshuro nyinshi mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Abana bafite syndromes ya kanseri yibara mumiryango barashobora kuvurwa hamwe:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho amara mbere ya kanseri.

• Ubuvuzi kugirango ugabanye umubare wa polyps muri colon.

Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine (Ibibyimba bya Carcinoid)

Ingirabuzimafatizo ya Neuroendocrine irashobora gukora nka selile nervice cyangwa selile ikora imisemburo. Ingirabuzimafatizo zinyanyagiye mu ngingo zose nk'ibihaha (tracheobronchial) cyangwa inzira y'ibiryo.

Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine (harimo ibibyimba bya kanseri) mubisanzwe biboneka mu gifu cyangwa mu mara (harimo n'umugereka), ariko birashobora kwibumbira mu zindi ngingo, nka pancreas, ibihaha, cyangwa umwijima. Ibibyimba mubisanzwe ni bito, bikura buhoro, kandi byiza (ntabwo ari kanseri). Ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe bya neuroendocrine ni bibi (kanseri) kandi bikwirakwira ahandi mu mubiri.

Ibibyimba byinshi bya neuroendocrine mubana bigira kumugereka (umufuka usohoka mugice cya mbere cy amara manini hafi yimpera y amara mato). Ikibyimba gikunze kuboneka mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango bakureho umugereka.

Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byibibyimba bya neuroendocrine biterwa nigihe ikibyimba kigeze. Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine kumugereka birashobora gutera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Ububabare bwo munda, cyane cyane kuruhande rwiburyo bwo hepfo yinda.

• Umuriro.

• Isesemi no kuruka.

• Impiswi.

Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine bitari kumugereka birashobora kurekura imisemburo nibindi bintu. Indwara ya Carcinoide iterwa na hormone serotonine nindi misemburo, irashobora gutera kimwe mubimenyetso nibimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Umutuku no kumva ususurutse mumaso, ijosi, nigituza cyo hejuru.

• Umutima wihuta.

• Guhumeka.

• Kugabanuka gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amaraso (guhagarika umutima, urujijo, intege nke, kuzunguruka, n'uruhu rwera, rukonje, kandi rwuzuye).

• Impiswi.

Ibindi bintu bitari ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine birashobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutegura

Ibizamini bisuzuma ibimenyetso bya kanseri bikoreshwa mugupima no gutera ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine. Bashobora kubamo:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• Amaraso yubushakashatsi.

• MRI.

• PET scan.

• CT scan.

• Ultrasound.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kwipimisha inkari z'amasaha 24 : Ikizamini gikusanyirizwamo inkari amasaha 24 kugirango bapime urugero rw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, nka hormone. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Icyitegererezo cy'inkari kirasuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba kirimo 5-HIAA (ibicuruzwa biva mu misemburo ya serotonine ishobora gukorwa n'ibibyimba bya kanseri). Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugufasha gusuzuma syndrome ya kanseri.

• Somatostatin reseptor scintigraphy: Ubwoko bwa radionuclide scan ishobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba. Umubare muto cyane wa octreotide ya radioaktike (imisemburo ifata ibibyimba) yatewe mumitsi kandi ikanyura mumaraso. Octreotide ya radio ifata ikibyimba kandi kamera idasanzwe yerekana radioactivite ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane aho ibibyimba biri mumubiri. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa octreotide scan na SRS.

Kumenyekanisha

Kumenyekanisha ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine kumugereka wabana mubusanzwe nibyiza cyane nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bakureho ikibyimba. Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine bitari kumugereka mubisanzwe ni binini cyangwa byakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha kandi ntibisubiza neza chimiotherapie. Ibibyimba binini birashoboka cyane ko byagaruka (garuka).

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine kumugereka wabana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho umugereka.

Kuvura ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine byakwirakwiriye mu mara manini, pancreas, cyangwa igifu mubisanzwe ni ukubaga. Kuvura ibibyimba bidashobora gukurwaho no kubagwa, ibibyimba byinshi, cyangwa ibibyimba byakwirakwijwe bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Embolisation.

• Ubuvuzi bwa Somatostatin (octreotide cyangwa lanreotide).

• Peptide reseptor radionuclide ivura.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sunitinib) cyangwa inhibitor ya mTOR (everolimus).

Kuvura ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine bigenda byiyongera kubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kubantu bakuze Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors Kuvura amakuru menshi.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Ibibyimba bya Gastrointestinal tromal selile (GIST) mubisanzwe bitangirira mu ngirabuzimafatizo zo mu rukuta rw'igifu cyangwa amara. INGINGO zishobora kuba nziza (ntabwo ari kanseri) cyangwa mbi (kanseri). INGINGO zo mu bwana zikunze kugaragara mu bakobwa, kandi zikunze kugaragara mu myaka y'ubwangavu.

Ibintu bishobora guhura nibimenyetso nibimenyetso

INGINGO mu bana ntabwo zisa na GIST mu bantu bakuru. Abarwayi bagomba kugaragara mubigo kabuhariwe mu kuvura GIST kandi ibibyimba bigomba gupimwa kugirango bihindurwe. Umubare muto wabana bafite ibibyimba bihindura genetike nkibiboneka kubarwayi bakuze. Ibyago bya GIST byiyongera kubibazo bikurikira:

• Carney triad.

• Indwara ya Carney-Stratakis.

Abana benshi bafite GIST bafite ibibyimba mu gifu kandi bakagira amaraso make aterwa no kuva amaraso. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kunanirwa.

• Kuzunguruka.

• Umutima wihuta cyangwa udasanzwe.

• Kubura umwuka.

• Uruhu rwera.

Ikibyimba mu nda cyangwa kuziba amara (kubabara mu nda, isesemi, kuruka, impiswi, kuribwa mu nda, no kubyimba inda) nabyo ni ibimenyetso bya GIST.

Ibindi bintu bitari anemia iterwa na GIST irashobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutegura

Ibizamini bisuzuma ibimenyetso bya kanseri bikoreshwa mugupima no GISTI. Bashobora kubamo:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• MRI.

• CT scan.

• PET scan.

• X-ray yo munda.

• Biopsy.

• Icyifuzo cya inshinge nziza: Gukuraho tissue ukoresheje urushinge ruto.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima GIST harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Endoscopi: Uburyo bwo kureba ingingo nuduce twimbere mumubiri kugirango tumenye ahantu hadasanzwe. Endoscope yinjizwa mu gutemagura (gukata) mu ruhu cyangwa gufungura mu mubiri, nk'akanwa cyangwa anus. Endoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kuba ifite igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirangingo cyangwa lymph node ntangarugero, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byindwara.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Umuti ku bana bafite ibibyimba bihindura genetike nkibiboneka ku barwayi bakuze ni ubuvuzi bugamije kuvura hamwe na tirozine kinase inhibitor (imatinib cyangwa sunitinib).

Umuti ku bana bafite ibibyimba bitagaragaza impinduka zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo zishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba. Kubaga byinshi birashobora gukenerwa mugihe habaye amara cyangwa amaraso.

Kuvura GIST isubirwamo mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

• Ikigeragezo kivura imiti mishya ya chimiotherapie.

Kanseri idasanzwe ya sisitemu yimyororokere ninkari

Muri iki gice

• Kanseri y'uruhago

• Kanseri y'udukoko

• Kanseri y'intanga ngore

• Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na Vaginal

Kanseri y'uruhago

Kanseri y'uruhago ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'uruhago. Uruhago ni urugingo rudafite igice cyo hepfo yinda. Ifite nka ballon nto kandi ifite urukuta rw'imitsi ituma iba nini cyangwa nto. Utubuto duto mu mpyiko zungurura kandi usukure amaraso. Bakuramo imyanda bakora inkari. Inkari zinyura muri buri mpyiko zinyuze mu muyoboro muremure witwa ureter mu ruhago. Uruhago rufata inkari kugeza zinyuze muri urethra zikava mu mubiri.

Anatomy ya sisitemu yinkari zumugore zerekana impyiko, glande ya adrenal, ureter, uruhago, na urethra. Inkari zakozwe mu tubari twimpyiko kandi zegeranya mu mpyiko za buri mpyiko. Inkari zitemba ziva mu mpyiko zinyuze mu nkari zigana mu ruhago. Inkari zibikwa mu ruhago kugeza ziva mu mubiri zinyuze muri urethra.

Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'uruhago ni kanseri y'inzibacyuho. Ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe nubundi bwoko bukabije bwa kanseri y'uruhago ntibisanzwe.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe no gupima no gupima ibizamini

Ibyago bya kanseri y'uruhago byiyongera ku bana bavuwe na kanseri bafite imiti imwe n'imwe ya anticancer, bita alkylating agents, irimo cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, na temozolomide.

Kanseri y'uruhago irashobora gutera kimwe mu bimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Amaraso mu nkari (ingese nkeya kugeza umutuku ugaragara).

• Inkari kenshi cyangwa kumva ko ari ngombwa kwihagarika utabishoboye.

• Kubabara mugihe cyo kwihagarika.

• Kubabara munda cyangwa hepfo.

Ibindi bintu bitari kanseri y'uruhago bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri y'uruhago bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• CT scan.

• Ultrasound y'uruhago.

• Biopsy.

• Cystoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere mu ruhago na urethra kugirango urebe ahantu hadasanzwe. Cystoscope yinjizwa muri urethra mu ruhago. Cystoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Niba cystoskopi idakozwe mugupima, ingero za tissue zirakurwaho hanyuma zigasuzumwa kanseri mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango ikureho uruhago rwose cyangwa igice.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Kumenyekanisha

Ku bana, kanseri y'uruhago ikunze kuba mu rwego rwo hasi (ntibishobora gukwirakwira) kandi ubusanzwe ni byiza cyane nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bakureho ikibyimba.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'uruhago mu bana ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukure igice cyuruhago. Transurethral resection (TUR) nuburyo bwo kubaga kugirango bakure tissue mu ruhago ukoresheje resectoscope yinjijwe mu ruhago binyuze muri urethra. Resectoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, gisa nigituba gifite urumuri, lens yo kureba, nigikoresho cyo gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo no gutwika ingirabuzimafatizo zose zisigaye. Ingero z'umubiri ziva mu gice cyavanywemo ikibyimba zisuzumwa kuri microscope kugira ngo ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Kubaga gukuramo uruhago (bidasanzwe).

Vugana na muganga wumwana wawe uburyo ubu buryo bwo kubaga bushobora kugira ingaruka ku nkari, imikorere yimibonano mpuzabitsina, nuburumbuke.

Kuvura kanseri y'uruhago ikunze kugaragara ku bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kubijyanye no kuvura kanseri y'uruhago rukuze kubindi bisobanuro.

Kanseri y'udukoko

Kanseri y'udukoko ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'umubiri umwe cyangwa zombi. Amabya ni glande 2 zimeze nkamagi ziri imbere muri scrotum (umufuka wuruhu rworoshye ruri munsi yimboro). Intangangore zifatirwa muri scrotum nu mugozi wintanga, urimo na vas deferens hamwe nimiyoboro hamwe nimitsi ya testicles.

Anatomy ya sisitemu yimyororokere yumugabo ninkari, yerekana prostate, testicles, uruhago, nizindi ngingo.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibibyimba:

• Ibibyimba bya selile: Ibibyimba bitangirira mu ngirabuzimafatizo ku bagabo. Ibibyimba bya mikorobe ya testicular birashobora kuba byiza (ntabwo ari kanseri) cyangwa bibi (kanseri). Ibibyimba bya mikorobe ikunze kugaragara cyane mubahungu bato ni teratoma nziza na nonseminoma mbi. Seminoma ikunze kugaragara mubasore kandi ni gake mubahungu. Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura ibibyimba byo mu bwoko bwa Germ Cell Cell Tumors Kubindi bisobanuro birambuye kubyimba mikorobe ya testicular.

• Ibibyimba bitari mikorobe: Ibibyimba bitangirira mumyenda ikikije kandi igashyigikira intangangore. Ibi bibyimba birashobora kuba byiza cyangwa bibi. Ibibyimba by'ingirabuzimafatizo ya granulosa na kanseri ya Sertoli-Leydig ni ubwoko bubiri bw'ibibyimba bitari mikorobe.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso hamwe no gusuzuma no gupima ibizamini

Kanseri yo mu nda no gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri bishobora gutera kimwe mu bimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba kitagira ububabare muri testicles.

• Ibimenyetso byambere byubugimbi.

• Amabere manini.

Ikibyimba kitagira ububabare muri testicles gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyikibyimba. Ibindi bintu bishobora nanone gutera ikibyimba muri testicles.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri ya testicular kanseri ya testicular irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• CT gusikana igituza, inda, cyangwa igituba.

• MRI yigituza, inda, cyangwa igituba.

• Ultrasound.

• Biopsy. Tissue yakuwe mugihe cyo kubagwa ireba munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba bya testicular harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cya serumu yibibyimba: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo, ingirangingo, cyangwa selile yibibyimba mumubiri. Ibintu bimwe bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa kanseri iyo bibonetse mubwiyongere bwamaraso. Ibi byitwa ibimenyetso byerekana ibibyimba. Ikimenyetso cyibibyimba alpha-fetoprotein ikoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba bya selile.

Kumenyekanisha

Mu bana, ubusanzwe nibyiza nibyiza nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bakureho ikibyimba.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'udukoko twa mikorobe itari mikorobe mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba muri testicle.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho testicles imwe cyangwa zombi.

Kuvura kanseri y'udukoko twinshi tudafite mikorobe mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura ibibyimba byo mu bwoko bwa Germ Cell Cell Tumors Kubindi bisobanuro birambuye kubyimba mikorobe ya testicular.

Kanseri y'intanga ngore

Kanseri y'intanga ngore ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ntanga ngore. Intanga ngore ni ingingo ebyiri muri sisitemu yimyororokere yumugore. Ziherereye mu gitereko, imwe kuri buri ruhande rwa nyababyeyi (urugingo rudakomeye, rufite amapera aho uruhinja rukurira). Buri ntanga ngore igera ku bunini n'imiterere ya almande ku mugore ukuze. Intanga ngore zitanga amagi na hormone z'umugore (imiti igenzura uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe cyangwa imikorere).

Anatomy ya sisitemu yimyororokere yumugore. Ingingo ziri muri sisitemu yimyororokere yumugore zirimo nyababyeyi, intanga ngore, igituba, inkondo y'umura, nigituba. Inda ifite imitsi yo hanze yitwa myometrium n'umurongo w'imbere witwa endometrium.

Ibibyimba byinshi byintanga ngore mubana ni byiza (ntabwo ari kanseri). Bibaho cyane kubagore bafite hagati yimyaka 15 na 19.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibyimba bibi (kanseri) intanga ngore:

• Ibibyimba bya selile: Ibibyimba bitangirira mu ngirangingo z'amagi ku bagore. Ibi nibibyimba bikunze kwibasira abakobwa. (Reba incamake ya kubyerekeranye no kuvura ibibyimba byo mu bwoko bwa Germ Cell Extracranial Umuti kugira ngo umenye amakuru menshi kubyerekeye ibibyimba bya mikorobe yintanga.)

• Ibibyimba bya Epiteliyale: Ibibyimba bitangirira mu ngingo zifata intanga ngore. Nibibyimba bya kabiri byibibyimba byintanga ngore mubakobwa.

• Ibibyimba bya tromal: Ibibyimba bitangirira mu ngirabuzimafatizo, bigizwe nuduce tuzengurutse kandi dushyigikira intanga ngore. Ibibyimba by'ingirabuzimafatizo ya granulosa hamwe n'ibibyimba bya Sertoli-Leydig ni ubwoko bubiri bw'ibibyimba bya tromal.

• Kanseri ntoya ya kanseri yintanga: Kanseri itangirira muri ovaire kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye munda, munda, cyangwa mubindi bice byumubiri. Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri yintanga ikura vuba kandi ifite prognoz mbi.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe no gupima no gupima ibizamini

Ibyago bya kanseri yintanga byiyongera mugira kimwe mubintu bikurikira:

• Indwara ya Ollier (indwara itera gukura kudasanzwe kwa karitsiye kumagufa maremare).

• Indwara ya Maffucci (indwara itera gukura kudasanzwe kwa karitsiye kumpera yamagufa maremare hamwe nimiyoboro yamaraso muruhu).

• Indwara ya Peutz-Jeghers (indwara itera polyps gukora mu mara naho ibibara byijimye bikamera kumunwa n'intoki).

• Indwara ya Pleuropulmonary blastoma (indwara ishobora gutera nephroma cystic, cysts mu bihaha, ibibazo bya tiroyide, na kanseri zindi zimpyiko, intanga ngore, hamwe nuduce tworoshye).

• Indwara ya DICER1 (indwara ishobora gutera goiter, polyps mu mara, hamwe n'ibibyimba by'intanga ngore, inkondo y'umura, testicle, impyiko, ubwonko, ijisho, hamwe n'ibihaha).

Kanseri yintanga irashobora gutera kimwe mubimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kubabara cyangwa kubyimba munda.

• Ikibyimba mu nda.

• Kuribwa mu nda.

• Kubabara cyangwa kubura imihango.

• Amaraso adasanzwe.

• Ibiranga igitsina cyumugabo, nkumusatsi wumubiri cyangwa ijwi ryimbitse.

• Ibimenyetso byambere byubugimbi.

Ibindi bintu bitari kanseri yintanga bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri yintanga bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• CT scan.

• MRI.

• Ultrasound.

• Biopsy. Tissue yakuwe mugihe cyo kubagwa ireba munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba by'intanga harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cya serumu yibibyimba: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo, ingirangingo, cyangwa selile yibibyimba mumubiri. Ibintu bimwe bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa kanseri iyo bibonetse mubwiyongere bwamaraso. Ibi byitwa ibimenyetso byerekana ibibyimba. Ibibyimba byerekana alpha-fetoprotein, beta-muntu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), CEA, CA-125, nibindi bikoreshwa mugupima kanseri yintanga.

Mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango bakureho ikibyimba, amazi yo munda azasuzumwa ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Kumenyekanisha

Kanseri y'intanga ngore ikunze kuboneka hakiri kare mu bana kandi byoroshye kuvura kuruta abarwayi bakuze.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura ibibyimba byiza byintanga ngore mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga.

Kuvura kanseri yintanga ngore ku bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Chimoterapi.

Kuvura ibibyimba by'intanga ngore, harimo ibibyimba by'ingirabuzimafatizo ya granulosa na kanseri ya Sertoli-Leydig, mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intanga imwe n'umuyoboro umwe wa kanseri yo hambere.

• Kubaga bikurikirwa na chimiotherapie ya kanseri yateye imbere.

• Chimoterapi ya kanseri yagarutse (garuka).

Kuvura kanseri ntoya ya ovaire irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga bikurikirwa na chimiotherapie hamwe na chimiotherapie nyinshi hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije (tazemetostat).

Kuvura kanseri yintanga ngore ku bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya ikurikira kubindi bisobanuro:

• Umwana Umudugudu udasanzwe w'udukoko twibibyimba
• Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, hamwe no kuvura Kanseri yibanze ya Peritoneyale
• Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Kuvura

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na Vaginal

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu mura. Inkondo y'umura ni impera yo hepfo, ifunganye ya nyababyeyi (urugingo rufunitse, rufite amapera aho umwana akurira). Inkondo y'umura iyobora muri nyababyeyi igana mu gitsina (umuyoboro w'amavuko). Kanseri yo mu nda ibyara mu gitsina. Igituba ni umuyoboro uva muri nyababyeyi ugana hanze yumubiri. Mugihe cyo kuvuka, umwana asohoka mumubiri anyuze mu gitsina (nanone bita umuyoboro wavutse).

Anatomy ya sisitemu yimyororokere yumugore. Ingingo ziri muri sisitemu yimyororokere yumugore zirimo nyababyeyi, intanga ngore, igituba, inkondo y'umura, nigituba. Inda ifite imitsi yo hanze yitwa myometrium n'umurongo w'imbere witwa endometrium.

Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara kuri kanseri y'inkondo y'umura no mu gitsina ni kuva amaraso mu gitsina. Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera no kuva amaraso mu gitsina. Abana bakunze gufatwa n'indwara zateye imbere.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutegura

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na nyababyeyi irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• Ultrasound.

• MRI.

• CT scan.

• Biopsy. Urushinge rwa transvaginal biopsy ni ugukuraho tissue ukoresheje urushinge ruyobowe na ultrasound.

• Gusikana amagufwa.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bikoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba byinkondo y'umura nigituba harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cya serumu yibibyimba: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo, ingirangingo, cyangwa selile yibibyimba mumubiri. Ibintu bimwe bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa kanseri iyo bibonetse mubwiyongere bwamaraso. Ibi byitwa ibimenyetso byerekana ibibyimba.

• Ikizamini cya PAP: Uburyo bwo gukusanya selile ziva hejuru yinkondo y'umura nigituba. Igice cy'ipamba, umuyonga, cyangwa inkoni ntoya y'ibiti bikoreshwa mugukuraho buhoro buhoro ingirabuzimafatizo ziva munda ibyara. Utugingo ngengabuzima tureba munsi ya microscope kugirango tumenye niba bidasanzwe. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa Pap smear.

• Cystoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere mu ruhago na urethra kugirango urebe ahantu hadasanzwe. Cystoscope yinjizwa muri urethra mu ruhago. Cystoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Proctoscopy: Uburyo bwo kureba imbere muri rectum na anus kugirango ugenzure ahantu hadasanzwe, ukoresheje proctoscope. Proctoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, kimeze nkigikoresho gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba imbere yurukiramende na anus. Irashobora kandi kugira igikoresho cyo gukuraho ingero za tissue, zisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'iy'inda ibyara bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho kanseri nyinshi zishoboka, hakurikiraho kuvura imirasire, niba kanseri ya kanseri igumye nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa kanseri ikwirakwira.

• Chimiotherapie irashobora kandi gukoreshwa ariko ntiharamenyekana uburyo ubu buvuzi bukora neza.

Kuvura kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'iy'inda ibyara ku bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Izindi Kanseri Zidasanzwe Zidasanzwe zo mu bwana

Muri iki gice

• Indwara nyinshi ya Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

• Pheochromocytoma na Paraganglioma

• Kanseri y'uruhu (Melanoma, Kanseri y'utugingo ngengabuzima, Kanseri y'ibanze)

• Interaocular (Uveal) Melanoma

• Chordoma

• Kanseri y'urubuga rwibanze rutazwi

Indwara nyinshi ya Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Syndromes nyinshi ya endocrine neoplasia (MEN) ni indwara yarazwe igira ingaruka kuri sisitemu ya endocrine. Sisitemu ya endocrine igizwe na glande na selile zikora imisemburo ikarekura mumaraso. Syndromes YABAGABO irashobora gutera hyperplasia (gukura kwingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zisanzwe) cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kuba byiza (ntabwo ari kanseri) cyangwa bibi (kanseri).

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa syndromes Z'ABAGABO kandi buri bwoko bushobora gutera ibintu bitandukanye cyangwa kanseri. Guhinduka kwa gene RET mubisanzwe bifitanye isano na kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary muri syndrome ya MEN2. Niba hakekwa isuzuma rya syndrome ya MEN2 ku mwana cyangwa umwe mu bagize umuryango basuzumwe indwara ya MEN2, ababyeyi bagomba guhabwa inama zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo mbere yo kwipimisha umwana. Ubujyanama bwa genetike burimo no kuganira ku ngaruka ziterwa na syndrome ya MEN2 ku mwana ndetse n'abandi bagize umuryango.

Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa syndromes YABAGABO ni MEN1 na MEN2:

Indwara ya MEN1 nayo yitwa syndrome ya Wermer. Iyi syndrome ikunze gutera ibibyimba muri glande ya parathiyide, gland ya pitoito, cyangwa selile zo muri pancreas. Isuzuma rya syndrome ya MEN1 ikorwa mugihe ibibyimba bibonetse muri bibiri muri glande cyangwa ingingo. Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) mubisanzwe nibyiza.

Ibibyimba birashobora gukora imisemburo yinyongera kandi bigatera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso byindwara. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso biterwa n'ubwoko bwa hormone ikorwa n'ikibyimba. Rimwe na rimwe, nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Indwara ikunze kugaragara hamwe na syndrome ya MEN1 ni hyperparathiyide. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya hyperparathyideyide (imisemburo myinshi ya parathiyide) harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira ibuye ry'impyiko.

• Kumva ufite intege nke cyangwa unaniwe cyane.

• Kubabara amagufwa.

Ibindi bintu bifitanye isano na syndrome ya MEN1 nibimenyetso bisanzwe nibimenyetso ni:

• Pitoito adenoma (kubabara umutwe, kubura menses mugihe cyubwangavu cyangwa nyuma yubugimbi, gukora amata yonsa nta mpamvu izwi).

• Ibibyimba bya pancreatic neuroendocrine (isukari nke mu maraso [intege nke, guta ubwenge, cyangwa koma], kubabara mu nda, kuruka, no gucibwamo).

Ibibyimba bibi bya glande ya adrenal, bronchi, thymus, tissue fibrous, cyangwa selile selile nabyo bishobora kubaho.

Abana barwaye hyperparathiyide yibanze, ibibyimba bifitanye isano na syndrome ya MEN1, cyangwa amateka yumuryango wa hypercalcemia cyangwa syndrome ya MEN1 barashobora kwipimisha genetike kugirango barebe ihinduka ryimiterere (ihinduka) muri gen MEN1. Ababyeyi bagomba guhabwa inama zijyanye na genetike (ikiganiro ninzobere yabihuguriwe kubyerekeye ingaruka zindwara zikomoka) mbere yo gupima genetike. Ubujyanama bwa geneti burimo no kuganira ku ngaruka ziterwa na syndrome ya MEN1 ku mwana no ku bandi bagize umuryango.

Abana basuzumwe syndrome ya MEN1 basuzumwa ibimenyetso bya kanseri guhera kumyaka 5 bagakomeza ubuzima bwabo bwose. Vugana na muganga wumwana wawe kubyerekeye ibizamini nuburyo bukenewe kugirango umenye ibimenyetso bya kanseri ninshuro bigomba gukorwa.

Indwara ya MEN2 ikubiyemo amatsinda abiri yingenzi: MEN2A na MEN2B.

• Indwara ya MEN2A

Indwara ya MEN2A nayo yitwa Sipple syndrome. Isuzuma rya syndrome ya MEN2A irashobora gukorwa mugihe umurwayi cyangwa ababyeyi b'umurwayi, abavandimwe, bashiki bacu, cyangwa abana bafite bibiri cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri ya Medullary tiroyide (kanseri ikora mu ngirabuzimafatizo za C muri tiroyide). Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri ya tiroyide irashobora kuba ikubiyemo:

• Ikibyimba mu muhogo cyangwa mu ijosi.

• Guhumeka.

• Kumira ibibazo.

• Gutontoma.

• Pheochromocytoma (ikibyimba cya glande ya adrenal). Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya pheochromocytoma bishobora kubamo:

• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa mu gituza.

• Umutima ukomeye, wihuta, cyangwa udasanzwe.

• Kubabara umutwe.

• Kubira ibyuya byinshi nta mpamvu izwi.

• Kuzunguruka.

• Kumva uhungabanye.

• Kuba umujinya cyangwa ubwoba.

• Indwara ya parathiyide (ikibyimba cyiza cya parathiyide cyangwa kwiyongera mubunini bwa parathiyide). Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso byindwara ya parathiyide irashobora kubamo:

• Indwara ya Hypercalcemia.

• Kubabara munda, kuruhande, cyangwa inyuma bitagenda.

• Kubabara mu magufa.

• Amagufa yavunitse.

• Ikibyimba mu ijosi.

• Kuvuga nabi.

• Kumira ibibazo.

Kanseri zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na tiroyide zibaho hamwe n'indwara ya Hirschsprung (impatwe idakira itangira igihe umwana akiri uruhinja), wasangaga mu miryango imwe n'imwe ifite syndrome ya MEN2A. Indwara ya Hirschsprung irashobora kugaragara mbere y'ibindi bimenyetso bya syndrome ya MEN2A ikora. Abarwayi basuzumwe n'indwara ya Hirschsprung bagomba gusuzumwa niba RET ihindagurika ifitanye isano na kanseri ya medullary ya tiroyide na syndrome ya MEN2A.

Indwara ya kanseri yumuryango wa tiroyide (FMTC) ni ubwoko bwa syndrome ya MEN2A itera kanseri ya tiroyide. Isuzuma rya FMTC rirashobora gukorwa mugihe abantu babiri cyangwa benshi mumuryango barwaye kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary kandi ntanumwe mubagize umuryango ufite parathiyide cyangwa adrenal gland.

• Indwara ya MEN2B

Abarwayi bafite syndrome ya MEN2B barashobora kugira umubiri woroshye wubaka amaboko maremare, yoroheje n'amaguru. Iminwa irashobora kugaragara nkibinini kandi binini kubera ibibyimba byiza mumitsi. Indwara ya MEN2B irashobora gutera ibintu bikurikira:

• Kanseri ya Medullary ya tiroyide (gukura vuba).

• Indwara ya parathiyide.

• Adenoma.

• Pheochromocytoma.

• Ibibyimba by'ingirabuzimafatizo mu myanya ndangagitsina cyangwa ahandi hantu.

Ibizamini bikoreshwa mugupima no gutera syndromes YABAGABO biterwa nibimenyetso nibimenyetso n'amateka yumuryango wumurwayi. Bashobora kubamo:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• Amaraso yubushakashatsi.

• Ultrasound.

• MRI.

• CT scan.

• PET scan.

• Icyifuzo cyiza-inshinge (FNA) cyangwa biopsy yo kubaga.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima syndromes YABAGABO harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya geneti: Ikizamini cya laboratoire isesengurwa ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa tissue kugirango harebwe impinduka muri gen cyangwa chromosomes. Izi mpinduka zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyuko umuntu afite cyangwa afite ibyago byo kurwara cyangwa indwara runaka. Urugero rwamaraso rusuzumwa geno ya MEN1 kugirango isuzume syndrome ya MEN1 ndetse na RET kugirango isuzume syndrome ya MEN2.

• Ubushakashatsi bw’imisemburo yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano ya hormone zimwe na zimwe zisohoka mumaraso ningingo hamwe nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Amaraso arashobora kandi kugenzurwa kugirango habeho imisemburo myinshi ya calcitonine cyangwa imisemburo ya parathiyide (PTH).

• Thyroid scan: Umubare muto wibintu bya radiyoyoka biramirwa cyangwa byatewe. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyirizo muri selile ya tiroyide. Kamera idasanzwe ihujwe na mudasobwa itahura imirasire yatanzwe kandi ikora amashusho yerekana uko tiroyide isa n'imikorere ndetse niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye hejuru ya glande ya tiroyide. Niba ingano ya hormone itera tiroyide mumaraso yumwana ari muke, scan yo gukora amashusho ya tiroyide irashobora gukorwa mbere yo kubagwa.

• Sestamibi scan: Ubwoko bwa scanion ya radionuclide ikoreshwa mugushakisha glande ya parathiyide idakabije. Umubare muto cyane wibintu bya radiyo bita technetium 99 byatewe mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso bigana glande ya parathiyide. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyirizo muri glande idakabije kandi bikagaragara cyane kuri kamera idasanzwe imenya radio.

• Gutoranya imitsi ya glande ya parathiyide idakabije: Uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rwamaraso mu mitsi hafi ya glande ya parathiyide. Icyitegererezo kirasuzumwa kugirango bapime ingano ya hormone ya parathiyide isohoka mumaraso na buri glande. Gutoranya imitsi birashobora gukorwa mugihe ibizamini byamaraso byerekana ko hari glande ya parathiyide idakabije ariko ibizamini byerekana amashusho ntibigaragaza.

• Somatostatin reseptor scintigraphy: Ubwoko bwa radionuclide scan ishobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba. Umubare muto cyane wa octreotide ya radio (imisemburo ifata ibibyimba) yatewe mumitsi kandi ikanyura mumaraso. Octreotide ya radioaktike ifata ikibyimba kandi kamera idasanzwe igaragaza radioactivite ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane niba hari ibibyimba byo mu bwoko bwa islet muri pancreas. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa octreotide scan na SRS.

• MIBG scan: Uburyo bukoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine, nka pheochromocytoma. Umubare muto cyane wibintu byitwa radioactive MIBG byatewe mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Neuroendocrine dufata radio MIBG kandi ikamenyekana na scaneri. Gusikana birashobora gufatwa muminsi 1-3. Umuti wa iyode urashobora gutangwa mbere cyangwa mugihe cyizamini kugirango glande ya tiroyide idakira cyane MIBG.

• Kwipimisha inkari amasaha 24: Uburyo bukoreshwa mugupima ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine, nka pheochromocytoma. Inkari zegeranijwe mu masaha 24 kugirango zipime urugero rwa catecholamine mu nkari. Ibintu biterwa no gusenyuka kwa catecholamine nabyo birapimwa. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Kurenza amafaranga asanzwe birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya pheochromocytoma.

• Ikizamini cyo gukangura Pentagastrin: Ikizamini gisuzumwa ingero zamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwa calcitonine mu maraso. Kalisiyumu gluconate na pentagastrine batewe mu maraso hanyuma hafatwa urugero rwamaraso mu minota 5 iri imbere. Niba urugero rwa calcitonine mu maraso rwiyongereye, birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa syndrome YABAGABO, kandi buri bwoko bushobora gukenera ubuvuzi butandukanye:

• Abarwayi bafite syndrome ya MEN1 bavurwa ibibyimba bya parathiyide, pancreatic, na pitoito.

• Abarwayi bafite syndrome ya MEN1 hamwe na hyperparathiyide yibanze barashobora kubagwa kugirango bakure byibuze glande eshatu za parathiyide na thymus.

• Abarwayi bafite syndrome ya MEN2A mubisanzwe barabazwe kugirango bakure tiroyide kumyaka 5 cyangwa irenga niba ibizamini bya geneti byerekana impinduka zimwe na zimwe za RET. Kubaga bikorwa kugirango hamenyekane kanseri cyangwa kugabanya amahirwe kanseri ishobora kubaho cyangwa gukwirakwira.

• Impinja zifite syndrome ya MEN2B zirashobora kubagwa kugirango ziveho tiroyide kugirango igabanye amahirwe ya kanseri yo kubaho cyangwa gukwirakwira.

• Abana barwaye syndrome ya MEN2B bafite kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary barashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igamije (inhibitor ya kinase yitwa vandetanib).

Kuvura abarwayi bafite indwara ya Hirschsprung hamwe nimpinduka zimwe na zimwe za RET zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Tiroyideyose yuzuye kugirango igabanye amahirwe ya kanseri.

Kuvura syndrome YABAGABO isubirwamo mubana irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Pheochromocytoma na Paraganglioma

Pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma ni ibibyimba bidasanzwe biva mubwoko bumwe bwimitsi. Ibyinshi muri ibyo bibyimba ntabwo ari kanseri.

• Pheochromocytoma ikora muri glande ya adrenal. Hariho glande ebyiri za adrenal, imwe hejuru ya buri mpyiko inyuma yinda yo hejuru. Buri glande ya adrenal ifite ibice bibiri. Igice cyo hanze cya glande ya adrenal ni cortex ya adrenal. Hagati ya glande ya adrenal ni medula ya adrenal. Pheochromocytoma ni ikibyimba cya adrenal medulla.

Glande ya adrenal ikora imisemburo ikomeye yitwa catecholamine. Adrenaline (epinephrine) na noradrenaline (norepinephrine) ni ubwoko bubiri bwa catecholamine ifasha kugenzura umuvuduko wumutima, umuvuduko wamaraso, isukari yamaraso, nuburyo umubiri witwara mukibazo. Pheochromocytoma imwe irekura adrenaline na noradrenaline yiyongera mumaraso kandi bigatera ibimenyetso.

• Paraganglioma ikora hanze ya glande ya adrenal hafi yimitsi ya karotide, kumihanda yinzira mumutwe no mumajosi, no mubindi bice byumubiri. Paraganglioma zimwe zikora catecholamine zitwa adrenaline na noradrenaline. Kurekura adrenalinine na noradrenaline mu maraso bishobora gutera ibimenyetso.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe no gupima no gupima ibizamini

Ikintu cyose cyongera amahirwe yo kwandura indwara cyitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka ntabwo bivuze ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wumwana wawe niba utekereza ko umwana wawe ashobora guhura nibibazo.

Ibyago bya pheochromocytoma cyangwa paraganglioma byiyongera mugihe ufite syndromes imwe yarazwe cyangwa ihinduka rya gene:

• Indwara nyinshi ya endocrine neoplasia ubwoko bwa 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo ibibyimba muri glande ya parathiyide, glande ya pitoito, cyangwa selile zo mu bwoko bwa pancreas, kandi gake, pheochromocytoma.

• Indwara nyinshi ya endocrine neoplasia ubwoko bwa 2A syndrome. Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo pheochromocytoma, kanseri ya medullary ya tiroyide, n'indwara ya parathiyide.

• Indwara nyinshi ya endocrine neoplasia ubwoko bwa 2B syndrome. Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo pheochromocytoma, kanseri ya medullary ya kanseri, hyperplasia ya parathiyide, nibindi bihe.

• indwara ya Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, hemangioblastoma, kanseri yimpyiko isukuye kanseri, ibibyimba bya pancreatic neuroendocrine, nibindi bihe.

• Neurofibromatose ubwoko bwa 1 (NF1). Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo neurofibroma, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, pheochromocytoma, nibindi bihe.

• Carney-Stratakis dyad. Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo paraganglioma na gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

• Carney triad. Iyi syndrome irashobora kuba irimo paraganglioma, GIST, na chondroma yibihaha.

• Pheochromocytoma yumuryango cyangwa paraganglioma.

Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyabana ningimbi basuzumwe na pheochromocytoma cyangwa paraganglioma bafite syndrome yarazwe cyangwa ihinduka rya gene byongera ibyago bya kanseri. Ubujyanama bwa genetike (ikiganiro numuhanga wabihuguriwe kubyerekeye indwara twarazwe) no kwipimisha nigice cyingenzi muri gahunda yo kuvura.

Ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe ntibikora adrenaline cyangwa noradrenaline kandi ntibitera ibimenyetso. Ibi bibyimba birashobora kuboneka mugihe ibibyimba bibaye mwijosi cyangwa mugihe ikizamini cyangwa inzira byakozwe kubwindi mpamvu. Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma bibaho mugihe adrenaline cyangwa noradrenaline irekuye mumaraso. Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bishobora guterwa na pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, cyangwa ibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

• Kubabara umutwe.

• Kubira ibyuya byinshi nta mpamvu izwi.

• Umutima ukomeye, wihuta, cyangwa udasanzwe.

• Kumva uhungabanye.

• Kuba mwiza cyane.

• Kuzunguruka.

• Kuba umujinya cyangwa ubwoba.

Ibi bimenyetso nibimenyetso birashobora kuza bikagenda ariko umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso urashobora kugaragara mugihe kirekire kubarwayi bakiri bato. Ibi bimenyetso nibimenyetso birashobora kandi kugaragara hamwe nibikorwa byumubiri, gukomeretsa, anesteziya, kubagwa kugirango ukureho ikibyimba, kurya ibiryo nka shokora na foromaje, cyangwa mugihe unyuze inkari (niba ikibyimba kiri muruhago).

Ibizamini bikoreshwa mugupima no gutera pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma biterwa nibimenyetso nibimenyetso n'amateka yumuryango wumurwayi. Bashobora kubamo:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• PET scan.

• CT scan (CAT scan).

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cya metanephrines idafite plasma: Ikizamini cyamaraso gipima urugero rwa metanephrine mumaraso. Metanephrine ni ibintu bikozwe mugihe umubiri umennye adrenaline cyangwa noradrenaline. Pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma irashobora gukora adrenalin nyinshi na noradrenaline kandi bigatera metanephrine nyinshi mumaraso no mu nkari.

• Amaraso ya catecholamine yiga: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano ya catecholamine (adrenaline cyangwa noradrenaline) yasohotse mumaraso. Ibintu biterwa no gusenyuka kwa catecholamine nabyo birapimwa. Umubare udasanzwe (udasanzwe uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Kurenza urugero rusanzwe birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya pheochromocytoma cyangwa paraganglioma.

• Kwipimisha inkari amasaha 24 : Ikizamini gikusanyirizwamo inkari mu masaha 24 kugirango bapime ingano ya catecholamine (adrenaline cyangwa noradrenaline) cyangwa metanephrine mu nkari. Ibintu biterwa no gusenyuka kwa catecholamine nabyo birapimwa. Ingano idasanzwe (irenze iyisanzwe) yibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Kurenza urugero rusanzwe birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya pheochromocytoma cyangwa paraganglioma.

• MIBG scan: Uburyo bukoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine, nka pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma. Umubare muto cyane wibintu byitwa radioactive MIBG byatewe mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Neuroendocrine dufata radio MIBG kandi ikamenyekana na scaneri. Gusikana birashobora gufatwa muminsi 1-3. Umuti wa iyode urashobora gutangwa mbere cyangwa mugihe cyizamini kugirango glande ya tiroyide idakira cyane MIBG.

• Somatostatin reseptor scintigraphy: Ubwoko bwa radionuclide scan ishobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha ibibyimba. Umubare muto cyane wa octreotide ya radioaktike (imisemburo ifata ibibyimba) yatewe mumitsi kandi ikanyura mumaraso. Octreotide ya radio ifata ikibyimba kandi kamera idasanzwe yerekana radioactivite ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane aho ibibyimba biri mumubiri. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa octreotide scan na SRS.

• Igeragezwa rya geneti: Ikizamini cya laboratoire isesengurwa ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa tissue kugirango harebwe impinduka muri gen cyangwa chromosomes. Izi mpinduka zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyuko umuntu afite cyangwa afite ibyago byo kurwara cyangwa indwara runaka. Ibikurikira ni genes zishobora gupimwa kubana barwaye pheochromocytoma cyangwa paraganglioma: VHL, NF1, RET, SDHD, SDHB, SDHA, MAX, na TMEM127.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba burundu.

• Kuvura imiti, kuvura cyane 131I-MIBG, cyangwa kuvura intego yibibyimba byakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri.

Mbere yo kubagwa, imiti ivura alpha-blokers kugirango igabanye umuvuduko wamaraso hamwe na beta-blokers kugirango igabanye umuvuduko wumutima. Niba glande zombi zivanyweho, hakenewe imiti myinshi yo kuvura imisemburo ikorwa kugirango isimbuze imisemburo ikorwa na glande ya adrenal irakenewe nyuma yo kubagwa.

Kuvura pheochromocytoma na paraganglioma mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro ya 131I-MIBG ivura.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na ADN methyltransferase inhibitor.

Kanseri y'uruhu (Melanoma, Kanseri y'utugingo ngengabuzima, Kanseri y'ibanze)

Kanseri y'uruhu ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'uruhu. Uruhu ni urugingo runini rwumubiri. Irinda ubushyuhe, urumuri rw'izuba, gukomeretsa, no kwandura. Uruhu rufasha kandi kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumubiri kandi rukabika amazi, ibinure, na vitamine D. Uruhu rufite ibice byinshi, ariko ibice bibiri byingenzi ni epidermis (urwego rwo hejuru cyangwa hanze) na dermisi (hasi cyangwa imbere). Kanseri y'uruhu itangirira muri epidermis, igizwe n'ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo:

• Melanocytes: Biboneka mu gice cyo hepfo ya epidermis, utugingo ngengabuzima dukora melanin, pigment iha uruhu ibara risanzwe. Iyo uruhu ruhuye nizuba, melanocytes ikora pigment nyinshi kandi igatera uruhu kwijimye.

• Utugingo ngengabuzima: Utugingo duto, uturemangingo tugize urwego rwo hejuru rwa epidermis.

• Utugingo ngengabuzima: Utugingo ngengabuzima munsi ya selile.

Anatomy y'uruhu, yerekana epidermis, dermis, hamwe nuduce duto duto. Melanocytes iri murwego rwa selile zifatizo mugice cyimbitse cya epidermis.

Hariho ubwoko butatu bwa kanseri y'uruhu:

• Melanoma.

• Indwara ya kanseri y'uruhu.

• Kanseri y'uruhu rw'ibanze.

Melanoma

Nubwo melanoma idasanzwe, ni kanseri y'uruhu ikunze kugaragara ku bana. Bibaho cyane mubyangavu bafite hagati yimyaka 15 na 19.

Ibyago byo kugira melanoma byiyongera nukugira ibihe bikurikira:

• Nevi nini ya melanocytic nevi (ibibara binini byirabura, bishobora gutwikira umutiba nibibero).

• Neurocutaneous melanose (ivuka rya melanocytic nevi muruhu n'ubwonko).

• Xeroderma pigmentosum.

• Umurage retinoblastoma.

• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ibindi bishobora gutera melanoma mubyiciro byose harimo:

• Kugira isura nziza, ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhu rwiza ruvunika kandi rwaka byoroshye, ntiruhumeka, cyangwa kubyina nabi.

• Ubururu cyangwa icyatsi cyangwa andi maso yijimye.

• Umusatsi utukura cyangwa umuhondo.

• Guhura nizuba ryizuba cyangwa urumuri rwizuba (nko kuva kuburiri bwumucyo) mugihe kirekire.

• Kugira ibinini byinshi cyangwa byinshi bito.

• Kugira amateka yumuryango cyangwa amateka yihariye yimitsi idasanzwe (syndrome ya nevus idasanzwe).

• Kugira amateka yumuryango wa melanoma.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya melanoma harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhare ngo:

• impinduka mubunini, imiterere, cyangwa ibara.

• ifite impande zidasanzwe cyangwa imipaka.

• ni Birenze Ibara.

• ni asimmetrical (niba mole igabanijwemo kabiri, ibice 2 bitandukanye mubunini cyangwa imiterere).

• itch.

• oozes, kuva amaraso, cyangwa ni ibisebe (imiterere aho urwego rwo hejuru rwuruhu rwacitse kandi tissue hepfo yerekana binyuze).

• Guhindura uruhu rwibara (amabara).

• Umuyoboro wa satelite (mole nshya ikura hafi ya mole ihari).

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera melanoma birashobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• X-ray yigituza.

• CT scan.

• MRI.

• PET scan.

• Ultrasound.

Reba amakuru rusange kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byibi bizamini.

Ibindi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima melanoma harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyuruhu : Muganga cyangwa umuforomo asuzuma uruhu rwibibyimba cyangwa ibibara bisa nkibidasanzwe mumabara, ubunini, imiterere, cyangwa imiterere.

• Biopsy: Byose cyangwa igice cyikura-risa ridasanzwe ryaciwe kuruhu kandi rureba munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe kanseri ya kanseri. Hariho ubwoko bune bwingenzi bwibinyabuzima byuruhu:

• Kogosha biopsy: Urwembe rudasanzwe rukoreshwa mu "kogosha" imikurire idasanzwe.

• Punch biopsy: Igikoresho kidasanzwe cyitwa punch cyangwa trephine gikoreshwa mugukuraho uruziga rwimitsi kumikurire idasanzwe.

• Biopsy incisional: Scalpel ikoreshwa mugukuraho igice cyikura ridasanzwe.

• Biopsy idasanzwe: Scalpel ikoreshwa mugukuraho imikurire yose.

• Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Gukuraho lymph node ya sentinel mugihe cyo kubagwa. Sentinel lymph node niyambere ya lymph node mumatsinda ya lymph node yakira amazi ya lymphatique ava mubyimba byambere. Nibwo bwa mbere lymph node kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira kuva ikibyimba kibanza. Ikintu gikoresha radiyo na / cyangwa irangi ry'ubururu batewe inshinge hafi yikibyimba. Ibintu cyangwa irangi bitembera mumiyoboro ya lymph node. Lymph ya mbere yakira ibintu cyangwa irangi bivanwaho. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ireba tissue munsi ya microscope kugirango ishakishe selile. Niba kanseri ya kanseri itabonetse, ntibishobora kuba ngombwa gukuraho izindi lymph node. Rimwe na rimwe, lymph node ya sentinel iboneka mumatsinda arenze imwe.

• Indwara ya Lymph node: Uburyo bwo kubaga aho lymph node ikurwaho hanyuma hagasuzumwa icyitegererezo cya tissue munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Kubice bya lymph node byo mukarere, bimwe mubice bya lymph node yibibyimba bivanwaho. Kubice bya lymph node bikabije, ibyinshi cyangwa byose byitwa lymph node mugice cyibibyimba bivanwaho. Ubu buryo bwitwa lymphadenectomy.

Umuti wa Melanoma

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura melanoma itakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node cyangwa ibindi bice byumubiri harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba hamwe nuduce twiza tuzengurutse.

Kuvura melanoma yakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba na lymph node hamwe na kanseri.

• Immunotherapy hamwe na inhibitori ya immunite (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, na nivolumab).

• Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib) wenyine cyangwa hamwe na MEK inhibitor (trametinib, binimetinib).

Ubuvuzi bwa melanoma bwakwirakwiriye hejuru ya lymph node bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Immunotherapy (ipilimumab).

• Igeragezwa rya clinique yumuti ugamije kuvura (dabrafenib) mubana ningimbi.

Kuvura melanoma isubirwamo mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

• Igeragezwa rya kliniki yubudahangarwa hamwe nuburinzi bwikingira (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab) mubana ningimbi.

Reba incamake ya kumiti ya Melanoma ikuze kubindi bisobanuro.

Akagari ka squamous na Basal selile Kanseri y'uruhu

Kanseri y'uruhu ya Nonmelanoma (kanseri y'udukoko na kanseri y'ibanze) ni gake cyane mu bana n'ingimbi. Ibyago byo kwandura kanseri cyangwa kanseri y'ibanze byiyongera kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Guhura nizuba ryizuba cyangwa urumuri rwizuba (nko kuva kuburiri bwumucyo) mugihe kirekire.
• Kugira isura nziza, ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhu rwiza ruvunika kandi rwaka byoroshye, ntiruhumeka, cyangwa kubyina nabi.

• Ubururu cyangwa icyatsi cyangwa andi maso yijimye.

• Umusatsi utukura cyangwa umuhondo.

• Kugira keratose ya actinic.

• Kugira syndrome ya Gorlin.

• Ubuvuzi bwashize hamwe nimirase.

• Kugira intege nke z'umubiri.

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'uruhu na kanseri y'uruhu rwibanze harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Igisebe kidakira.

• Ibice byuruhu aribyo:

• Ntoya, yazamuye, yoroshye, irabagirana, n'ibishashara.

• Ntoya, yazamuye, n'umutuku cyangwa umutuku-umutuku.

• Flat, ikaze, umutuku cyangwa umutuku, na scaly.

• Umubyimba, kuva amaraso, cyangwa igikonjo.

• Bisa n'inkovu kandi ikomeye.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma selile selile na kanseri y'uruhu rwibanze harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyuruhu : Muganga cyangwa umuforomo asuzuma uruhu rwibibyimba cyangwa ibibara bisa nkibidasanzwe mumabara, ubunini, imiterere, cyangwa imiterere.

• Biopsy: Byose cyangwa igice cyikura ridasa nkibisanzwe byaciwe kuruhu kandi bikareba munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwibinyabuzima byuruhu:

• Kogosha biopsy: Urwembe rudasanzwe rukoreshwa mu "kogosha" imikurire idasa nkibisanzwe.

• Punch biopsy: Igikoresho kidasanzwe cyitwa punch cyangwa trephine gikoreshwa mugukuraho uruziga rwa tissue kumikurire idasa nkibisanzwe.

• Biopsy incisional: Scalpel ikoreshwa mugukuraho igice cyikura ridasanzwe.

• Biopsy idasanzwe: Scalpel ikoreshwa mugukuraho imikurire yose.

Kuvura kanseri y'uruhu na kanseri y'uruhu rwibanze

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri y'uturemangingo na kanseri y'ibanze mu bana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba. Ibi birashobora kubamo Mohs kubaga micrographic.

Mohs micrographic kubaga ni ubwoko bwo kubaga bukoreshwa kuri kanseri y'uruhu. Ikibyimba gicibwa kuruhu muburyo buto. Mugihe cyo kubagwa, impande z'ikibyimba na buri gice cy'ikibyimba zavanyweho zireba mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe kanseri ya kanseri. Imirongo ikomeje gukurwaho kugeza igihe nta ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zigaragaye. Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga bukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe zishoboka kandi akenshi zikoreshwa mugukuraho kanseri y'uruhu mumaso.

Kuvura kanseri ya selile na kanseri y'ibanze mu bana bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kubijyanye no kuvura Kanseri y'uruhu ikuze kubindi bisobanuro.

Interaocular (Uveal) Melanoma

Indwara ya melanoma itangirira hagati yibice bitatu byurukuta rwijisho. Igice cyo hanze kirimo sclera yera ("umweru w'ijisho") na cornea isobanutse imbere yijisho. Igice cyimbere gifite umurongo wimyanya myakura, bita retina, ikumva urumuri kandi ikohereza amashusho kumitsi ya optique mubwonko. Igice cyo hagati, aho melanoma yo mu nda, yiswe uvea cyangwa uveal tract, kandi ifite ibice bitatu byingenzi: iris, umubiri wa ciliary, na choroide.

Anatomy yijisho, yerekana hanze ninyuma yijisho harimo sclera, cornea, iris, umubiri wa ciliary, choroide, retina, urwenya rwinshi, na nervice optique. Urwenya rwa vitreous ni amazi yuzuye hagati yijisho.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka

Ibyago bya melanoma yo mu nda byiyongera kuri kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ibara ryijimye.

• Ibara ryuruhu rwiza.

• Kudashobora gukara.

• Oculodermal melanocytose.

• Cutaneous nevi.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma no gutera intambwe ya melanoma irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka yubuzima.

• Ultrasound.

Ibindi bizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mugupima melanoma intraocular harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Fluorescein angiography: Ikizamini gikoreshwa mu gufata amashusho ya retina mumaso. Irangi ry'umuhondo ryatewe mu mitsi kandi rikazenguruka umubiri wose harimo imiyoboro y'amaraso mu jisho. Irangi ry'umuhondo ritera imiyoboro y'ijisho kuri fluoresce mugihe ifoto yafashwe.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura melanoma yo mu nda mu bana ni nko kuvura abantu bakuru kandi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Kubaga Laser

. Umuti wa melanoma wongeye kugaruka mubana urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kumiti ikuze (Uveal) ivura Melanoma kubindi bisobanuro.

Chordoma

Chordoma ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwikura ryikura ryikibyimba gikora ahantu hose kuruhande rwumugongo kuva munsi ya gihanga (igufwa ryitwa clivus) kugeza umurizo. Mu bana n'ingimbi, chordoma ikora cyane mumagufwa yo munsi ya gihanga cyangwa hafi yumurizo, bigatuma kuyikuramo burundu kubagwa.

Chordoma yo mu bwana ifitanye isano n'indwara ya tubler sclerose, indwara ikomoka ku moko aho ibibyimba byiza (atari kanseri) bibyara impyiko, ubwonko, amaso, umutima, ibihaha, ndetse n'uruhu.

Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya chordoma biterwa nigihe ikibyimba kigeze. Chordoma irashobora gutera kimwe mubimenyetso nibimenyetso bikurikira. Menyesha umuganga wumwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kubabara umutwe.

• Icyerekezo cya kabiri.

• Amazuru yafunzwe cyangwa yuzuye.

• Kuvuga nabi.

• Kumira ibibazo.

• Kubabara ijosi cyangwa umugongo.

• Kubabara inyuma yamaguru.

• Kunanirwa, gutitira, cyangwa intege nke z'amaboko n'amaguru.

• Guhindura amara cyangwa ingeso.

Ibindi bintu bitari chordoma birashobora gutera ibi bimenyetso nibimenyetso bimwe.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma chordoma cyangwa kureba niba yarakwirakwijwe harimo ibi bikurikira:

• MRI yumugongo wose.
• CT gusikana igituza, inda, nigitereko.
• Biopsy. Icyitegererezo cya tissue kivanyweho kandi kigenzurwa kurwego rwo hejuru rwa poroteyine yitwa brachyury.

Chordoma irashobora kwisubiramo (kugaruka), mubisanzwe ahantu hamwe, ariko rimwe na rimwe igaruka mubindi bice byamagufwa cyangwa mubihaha.

Kumenyekanisha

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka y'umwana.

• Aho ikibyimba kibyara umugongo.

• Uburyo ikibyimba cyitabira kuvura.

• Haba hari impinduka mumara cyangwa uruhago rwo kwisuzumisha.

• Niba ikibyimba kimaze gupimwa cyangwa cyongeye kugaruka (garuka).

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura chordoma mu bana birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho ibibyimba byinshi bishoboka, hakurikiraho kuvura imirasire. Imiti ivura imishwarara ya proton irashobora gukoreshwa kubibyimba hafi yigitereko cya gihanga.

Kuvura chordoma isubirwamo mubana bishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene. Abarwayi bafite impinduka muri gene ya SMARCB1 barashobora kuvurwa na tazemetostat muriki kigeragezo cyamavuriro.

Kanseri y'urubuga rwibanze rutazwi

Kanseri y'ibanze itazwi ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) iboneka mu mubiri ariko aho kanseri yatangiriye ntiharamenyekana. Kanseri irashobora gukora mubice byose byumubiri. Kanseri y'ibanze (kanseri yabanje kubaho) irashobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Iyi nzira yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zisa na selile zo mu bwoko bwa tissue kanseri yatangiriye. Kurugero, kanseri y'ibere irashobora gukwirakwira mu bihaha. Kubera ko kanseri yatangiriye mu ibere, kanseri ya kanseri mu bihaha isa na kanseri y'ibere.

Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga basanga aho kanseri yakwirakwiriye ariko ntibashobora kubona aho mu mubiri kanseri yatangiye gukura. Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri bwitwa kanseri yibibyimba byibanze cyangwa ubupfumu.

Muri kanseri ya primaire itazwi, selile za kanseri zakwirakwiriye mu mubiri ariko aho kanseri y'ibanze yatangiriye ntiharamenyekana.

Ibizamini bikorwa kugirango bamenye aho kanseri y'ibanze yatangiriye no kubona amakuru ajyanye na kanseri yakwirakwiriye. Iyo ibizamini bishoboye kubona kanseri y'ibanze, kanseri ntikiri kanseri ya primaire itazwi kandi ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bwoko bwa kanseri y'ibanze.

Kubera ko aho kanseri yatangiriye itazwi, ibizamini byinshi nuburyo butandukanye, harimo imvugo yerekana imiterere ya gene hamwe no gupima gene, birashobora gukenerwa kugirango umenye ubwoko bwa kanseri. Niba ibizamini byerekana ko hashobora kubaho kanseri, hakorwa biopsy. Biopsy ni ugukuraho selile cyangwa tissue kugirango zishobore kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara zireba ingirabuzimafatizo zo gushakisha kanseri no kumenya ubwoko bwa kanseri. Ubwoko bwa biopsy bukorwa biterwa nigice cyumubiri gipimwa kanseri. Bumwe mu bwoko bukurikira bwa biopsies burashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ibyifuzo bya inshinge nziza (FNA) biopsy: Gukuramo ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa amazi ukoresheje urushinge ruto.

• Core biopsy: Gukuraho tissue ukoresheje urushinge runini.

• Biopsy incisional: Gukuraho igice cyikibyimba cyangwa icyitegererezo cyumubiri.

• Biopsy idasanzwe: Gukuraho ibibyimba byose.

Iyo ubwoko bwa kanseri ya kanseri cyangwa tissue yakuweho bitandukanye nubwoko bwa kanseri iteganijwe kuboneka, hashobora gukorwa kanseri ya kanseri yibanze itazwi. Utugingo ngengabuzima mu mubiri dufite isura runaka iterwa n'ubwoko bw'inyama ziva. Kurugero, icyitegererezo cyama kanseri yakuwe kumabere biteganijwe ko kigizwe ningirangingo. Ariko, niba icyitegererezo cya tissue ari ubwoko butandukanye bwa selile (butagizwe ningirangingo zamabere), birashoboka ko selile zakwirakwiriye kumabere kuva mubindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo bitazwi aho kanseri yatangiriye bwa mbere mugupima, adenocarcinoma, melanoma, hamwe n'ibibyimba byo mu nda (nka rhabdomyosarcoma cyangwa neuroblastoma) ni ubwoko bwibibyimba bikunze kugaragara nyuma mubana ndetse ningimbi.

Umuti

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura biterwa nuburyo selile ya kanseri imeze munsi ya microscope, imyaka yumurwayi, ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, hamwe na kanseri yakwirakwiriye mumubiri. Ubuvuzi ni ubu bukurikira:

• Chimoterapi.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije.

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

Kuvura kanseri yisubiramo ya primaire itazwi mubana irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Reba incamake ya kuri Carcinoma ikuze ya Primaire itazwi kugirango ubone ibisobanuro byinshi.

Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri yo mu bwana

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri idasanzwe yubwana, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Kwipimisha genetike ya Syndromes Yarazwe Kanseri

• Kubara Tomografiya (CT) Gusikana na Kanseri

• MyPART - Urubuga rwanjye rwabana nabakuze Ntibisanzwe

Kubindi bisobanuro bya kanseri yo mu bwana hamwe nubundi buryo rusange bwa kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Kanseri yo mu bwana

• Umuti wo Gushakisha Kanseri Yabana Kureka

• Ingaruka Zitinze Kuvura Kanseri Yabana

• Ingimbi n'abangavu bafite kanseri

• Abana barwaye Kanseri: Imfashanyigisho ku babyeyi

• Kanseri mu bana n'ingimbi

• Gutegura

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi

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