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Kuchiza Khansa Yamkazi (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Za Khansa Yamkazi

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Khansa ya kumaliseche ndi matenda omwe ma cell oyipa (khansa) amapangika kumaliseche.
  • Ukalamba komanso kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HPV ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba.
  • Zizindikiro za khansa ya kumaliseche zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kapena kutuluka magazi kwachilendo.
  • Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana kumaliseche ndi ziwalo zina m'chiuno kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya kumaliseche.
  • Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansa ya kumaliseche ndi matenda omwe ma cell oyipa (khansa) amapangika kumaliseche.

Nyini ndi ngalande yotuluka kuchokera pachibelekeropo (kutsegula kwa chiberekero) kupita kunja kwa thupi. Pobadwa, mwana amatuluka mthupi kudzera kumaliseche (komwe kumatchedwanso njira yobadwira).

Kutengera kwa ziwalo zoberekera zazimayi. Ziwalo zam'mimba zoberekera zazimayi zimaphatikizapo chiberekero, thumba losunga mazira, timachubu, ziwalo zoberekera, ndi nyini. Chiberekero chimakhala ndi chingwe chakunja chotchedwa myometrium komanso mkati mwake chotchedwa endometrium.

Khansa ya kumaliseche siyofala. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya kumaliseche:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma: Khansa yomwe imapangidwa m'maselo oonda, osalala mkati mwa nyini. Khansa ya m'mimba ya squamous imafalikira pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi nyini, koma imafalikira m'mapapu, chiwindi, kapena fupa. Uwu ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mimba.
  • Adenocarcinoma: Khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo am'magazi. Maselo am'matumbo mumkati mwa nyini amapanga ndi kutulutsa madzi monga ntchofu. Adenocarcinoma ndiochulukirapo kuposa khansa ya squamous cell yomwe imafalikira m'mapapu ndi ma lymph node. Mtundu wosowa wa adenocarcinoma (clear cell adenocarcinoma) umalumikizidwa ndikuwonetsedwa ndi diethylstilbestrol (DES) asanabadwe. Adenocarcinomas omwe sagwirizana ndi kudziwika ndi DES amapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi atatha kusamba.

Ukalamba komanso kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HPV ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mimba ndi izi:

  • Kukhala wazaka 60 kapena kupitilira apo.
  • Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV papilloma virus (HPV). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ya kumaliseche imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HPV ndipo ili ndi zifukwa zambiri zofanana ndi SCC ya chiberekero.
  • Kuwonetsedwa ku DES muli m'mimba mwa mayi. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mankhwalawa DES adapatsidwa kwa amayi ena apakati kuti ateteze kupita padera (kubadwa msanga kwa mwana wosabadwa yemwe sangakhale ndi moyo). Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi khansa yapakhungu yosowa yotchedwa clear cell adenocarcinoma. Chiwerengero cha matendawa chinali chachikulu kwambiri m'ma 1970, ndipo ndichosowa kwambiri masiku ano.
  • Kukhala ndi hysterectomy ya zotupa zomwe zinali zoyipa (osati khansa) kapena khansa.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya kumaliseche zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kapena kutuluka magazi kwachilendo.

Khansara ya kumaliseche nthawi zambiri siyimayambitsa zizindikilo zoyambirira. Itha kupezeka pamayeso am'mimba ndi mayeso a Pap. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya kumaliseche kapena zinthu zina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

  • Kutuluka magazi kapena kutuluka kosagwirizana ndi msambo.
  • Zowawa panthawi yogonana.
  • Ululu m'chiuno.
  • Bulu kumaliseche.
  • Ululu mukakodza.
  • Kudzimbidwa.

Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana kumaliseche ndi ziwalo zina m'chiuno kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya kumaliseche.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

  • Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.
  • Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyesa kumaliseche, khomo pachibelekeropo, chiberekero, machubu, mazira, ndi thumbo. A speculum amalowetsedwa mumaliseche ndipo dokotala kapena namwino amayang'ana kumaliseche ndi chiberekero ngati ali ndi matenda. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa khomo pachibelekeropo kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zopaka mafuta, zokutira zanja lamanja kumaliseche ndikuyika dzanja linalo pamimba pamunsi kuti mumve kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi malo oberekera komanso thumba losunga mazira. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chopaka mafuta, chopukutira mu rectum kuti amve ziphuphu kapena malo abwinobwino.
Kuyesa kwapelvic. Dokotala kapena namwino amalowetsa chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zopaka mafuta, zokutidwa ndi dzanja limodzi kumaliseche ndikudina pamimba pamunsi ndi dzanja linalo. Izi zachitika kuti mumve kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira. Nyini, khomo pachibelekeropo, machubu opatsira mazira oyenda, ndi thumbo timayang'ananso.
  • Kuyesedwa kwa pap: Njira yosonkhanitsira maselo kumtunda kwa khomo pachibelekeropo ndi kumaliseche. Chidutswa cha thonje, burashi, kapena ndodo yaying'ono yamatabwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeputsa bwino ma cell kuchokera pachibelekero ndi kumaliseche. Maselo amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope kuti adziwe ngati ali achilendo. Njirayi imatchedwanso Pap smear.
Kuyesa kwa pap. A speculum amalowetsedwa mumaliseche kuti afutukule. Kenako, burashi imalowetsedwa kumaliseche kuti itenge ma cell kuchokera pachibelekeropo. Maselo amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi matenda.
  • Kuyezetsa kwa papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV): Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi DNA kapena RNA ngati kuli mitundu ina ya matenda a HPV. Maselo amatengedwa kuchokera ku khomo pachibelekeropo ndipo DNA kapena RNA yochokera m'maselo amawunika kuti adziwe ngati matenda amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu wa HPV womwe umalumikizidwa ndi khansa ya pachibelekero. Mayesowa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito maselo omwe adachotsedwa paphunziro la Pap. Kuyesaku kutha kuchitidwanso ngati zotsatira za mayeso a Pap zikuwonetsa maselo ena achilendo achiberekero.
  • Colposcopy: Njira yomwe colposcope (chida chowala, chokulitsira) imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kumaliseche ndi khomo lachiberekero kuti kuli malo abodza. Zitsanzo zamatenda zimatha kutengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chochiritsa (chooneka ngati supuni) kapena burashi ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali matenda.
  • Biopsy: Kuchotsa maselo kapena ziphuphu kumaliseche ndi khomo lachiberekero kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Ngati mayeso a Pap akuwonetsa maselo osazolowereka kumaliseche, kafukufuku amatha kuchitidwa panthawi yomwe colposcopy imachitika.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera kumatengera izi:

  • Gawo la khansa (kaya lili kumaliseche kokha kapena lafalikira kumadera ena).
  • Kukula kwa chotupacho.
  • Mulingo wa zotupa (momwe zimawonekera mosiyana ndi maselo abwinobwino pansi pa maikulosikopu).
  • Kumene khansara ili mkati mwa nyini.
  • Kaya pali zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zomwe mukudziwa.
  • Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira izi:

  • Gawo ndi kukula kwa khansa.
  • Kaya khansa ili pafupi ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zingawonongeke ndi mankhwala.
  • Kaya chotupacho chimapangidwa ndimaselo osokoneza bongo kapena ndi adenocarcinoma.
  • Kaya wodwalayo ali ndi chiberekero kapena adachitidwa chiberekero.
  • Kaya wodwalayo adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala m'chiuno.

Magawo a Khansa Yamkazi

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Khansa ya kumaliseche itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa nyini kapena mbali zina za thupi.
  • Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
  • Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
  • M'mimba mwa intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN), maselo osadziwika amapezeka m'matumba omwe ali mkati mwa nyini.
  • Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mimba:
  • Gawo I
  • Gawo II
  • Gawo III
  • Gawo IV
  • Khansa ya kumaliseche imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itatha.

Khansa ya kumaliseche itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa nyini kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira mkati mwa nyini kapena mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:

  • X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.
  • CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamkati mwa thupi monga pamimba kapena m'chiuno, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
  • PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.
  • Cystoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa chikhodzodzo ndi urethra kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Cystoscope imayikidwa kudzera mu urethra kupita mu chikhodzodzo. Cystoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ili ndi khansa.
Zojambulajambula. Chombo chotchedwa cystoscope (chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera) chimayikidwa kudzera mu mtsempha kulowa mu chikhodzodzo. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza chikhodzodzo. Dokotala amayang'ana chithunzi cha khoma lamkati la chikhodzodzo pamakina owonera makompyuta.
  • Proctoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa rectum ndi anus kuti muwone malo osakhazikika, pogwiritsa ntchito proctoscope. Proctoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera mkati mwa rectum ndi anus. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ili ndi khansa.
  • Biopsy: Biopsy itha kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati khansara yafalikira kuberekero. Chitsanzo cha minofu chimachotsedwa pachibelekero ndikuwonedwa ndi microscope. Biopsy yomwe imachotsa minofu yocheperako nthawi zambiri imachitika kuofesi ya dokotala. Kachilombo kakang'ono (kuchotsedwa kwa minofu yayikulu, yofanana ndi kondomu kuchokera pachibelekero ndi ngalande ya khomo lachiberekero) nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuchipatala. Chidziwitso cha maliseche amathanso kuchitidwa kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira pamenepo.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

  • Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.
  • Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

  • Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
  • Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya kumaliseche imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo am'mapapo m'mapapo ndimaselo am'mimba am'mimba. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'mimba, osati khansa ya m'mapapo.

M'mimba mwa intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN), maselo osadziwika amapezeka m'matumba omwe ali mkati mwa nyini.

Maselo achilendowa si khansa. Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) imagawidwa molingana ndi kuzama kwama cell omwe ali munthawi ya nyini:

  • VIN 1: Maselo achilendo amapezeka kunja kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a minofu yomwe imayala kumaliseche.
  • Vuto 2: Maselo achilendo amapezeka kunja kwenikweni kwa magawo awiri mwa atatu a minofu yomwe imayala kumaliseche.
  • Vuto 3: Maselo achilendo amapezeka m'magulu opitilira awiri mwa atatu amkati mwa nyini. Zilonda za VaIN 3 zikapezeka pakatikati monse mwa nyini, zimatchedwa carcinoma in situ.

Minyewa itha kukhala khansa ndipo imafalikira kukhoma kumaliseche.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mimba:

Gawo I

Pa gawo loyamba ine, khansa imangopezeka pakhoma la nyini.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, khansa yafalikira kupyola khoma la nyini kufikira minofu kuzungulira nyini. Khansa siinafalikire kukhoma la chiuno.

Gawo III

Gawo lachitatu, khansa yafalikira kukhoma kwa mafupa a chiuno.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV lidagawika gawo la IVA ndi gawo IVB:

  • Gawo IVA: Khansa ikhoza kufalikira kudera limodzi kapena zingapo izi:
  • Kulumikizana kwa chikhodzodzo.
  • Kakhungu ka rectum.
  • Kupyola malo amchiuno omwe ali ndi chikhodzodzo, chiberekero, thumba losunga mazira, ndi khomo pachibelekeropo.
  • Gawo IVB: Khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi zomwe sizili pafupi ndi nyini, monga mapapo kapena fupa.

Khansa ya kumaliseche imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itatha.

Khansara imatha kubwerera kumaliseche kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kumaliseche.
  • Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
  • Opaleshoni
  • Thandizo la radiation
  • Chemotherapy
  • Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
  • Chitetezo chamatenda
  • Othandizira ma Radiosensitizers
  • Chithandizo cha khansa ya kumaliseche chingayambitse mavuto.
  • Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
  • Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
  • Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kumaliseche.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala khansa ya kumaliseche. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita maopaleshoni ndi njira yodziwikiratu yothandizira kumaliseche kwamitsempha yam'mimba (VaIN) ndi khansa ya m'mimba.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira VaIN:

  • Opaleshoni ya Laser: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mtanda wa laser (kamtengo kakang'ono kowala kwambiri) ngati mpeni wopangira zopanda magazi m'magazi kapena kuchotsa zotupa zapamtunda monga chotupa.
  • Kudandaula kwina konse: Njira yochotsa khansa ndi ziwalo zina zathanzi.
  • Vaginectomy: Opaleshoni kuti achotse zonse kapena gawo la nyini. Zomatira pakhungu kuchokera mbali zina za thupi zitha kukhala zofunikira kuti mumangenso nyini.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'mimba:

  • Kudandaula kwina konse: Njira yochotsa khansa ndi ziwalo zina zathanzi.
  • Vaginectomy: Opaleshoni kuti achotse zonse kapena gawo la nyini. Zomatira pakhungu kuchokera mbali zina za thupi zitha kukhala zofunikira kuti mumangenso nyini.
  • Chiwombankhanga chonse: Opaleshoni yochotsa chiberekero, kuphatikizaponso khomo pachibelekeropo. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo lachiberekero atulutsidwa kudzera mu nyini, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa kachilombo ka nyini. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo pachibelekeropo atulutsidwa kudzera pachobvala chachikulu pamimba, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa kuti kutsekeka m'mimba kwathunthu. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo lachiberekero amatulutsidwa kudzera pobowola pang'ono pamimba pogwiritsa ntchito laparoscope, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Kutsekemera. Chiberekero chimachotsedwa mwa opaleshoni kapena popanda ziwalo zina kapena zotupa. Chiberekero chonse, chiberekero ndi khomo pachibelekeropo zimachotsedwa. Mchiberekero chonse chokhala ndi salpingo-oophorectomy, (a) chiberekero kuphatikiza chubu chimodzi (chimodzi) chokhala ndi mazira ndi mazira chimachotsedwa; kapena (b) chiberekero kuphatikiza tinthu tambirimbiri tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timatulutsidwa. Mu hysterectomy yowopsa, chiberekero, khomo pachibelekeropo, mazira onse awiri, machubu, komanso minofu yoyandikana nayo imachotsedwa. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula pang'ono kapena kuwongolera mozungulira.
  • Lymph node dissection: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe ma lymph node amachotsedwa ndipo mtundu wa minofu umayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa. Njirayi imatchedwanso lymphadenectomy. Ngati khansara ili kumtunda kwenikweni, ma lymph node amatha kuchotsedwa. Ngati khansara ili kumaliseche otsika, ma lymph nodes m'mimba amatha kuchotsedwa.
  • Mkwiyo wa m'mimba: Opaleshoni yochotsa m'matumbo, m'matumbo, m'chikhodzodzo, khomo lachiberekero, nyini, ndi thumba losunga mazira. Ma lymph node apafupi nawonso amachotsedwa. Malo otsegulira (stoma) amapangidwira mkodzo ndi chopondapo kutuluka mthupi ndikupita m'thumba lakusonkhanitsira.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chithandizo chama radiation atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

  • Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chakuthupi ndi khansa.
  • Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Mankhwala akunja amkati ndi amkati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya kumaliseche, ndipo atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse zizindikiritso ndikukhalitsa moyo wabwino.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kukhudza ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Matenda apamwamba a chemotherapy a khansa ya m'mimba ya squamous angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumaliseche mu kirimu kapena mafuta.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo kuthana ndi khansa. Zinthu zomwe thupi limapanga kapena zopangidwa mu labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa, kuwongolera, kapena kubwezeretsa chitetezo chamthupi cha khansa. Chithandizo cha khansa choterechi chimatchedwanso biotherapy kapena biologic therapy.

Imiquimod ndimasinthidwe oyankha mthupi omwe akuwerengedwa kuti athetse zotupa kumaliseche ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu pakirimu.

Othandizira ma Radiosensitizers

Ma Radiosensitizers ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti maselo am'mimba azindikire kwambiri mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza mankhwala a radiation ndi ma radiosensitizers atha kupha ma cell ambiri otupa.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya kumaliseche chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuchiza kwa Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN)

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha nyini yotsekemera ya neoplasia (VaIN) ingaphatikizepo izi:

  • Opaleshoni (opaleshoni ya laser pambuyo pa biopsy).
  • Opaleshoni (kutulutsa kwina konseko) ndikumezanitsa khungu.
  • Opaleshoni (pang'ono kapena okwanira vaginectomy) kapena wopanda khungu.
  • Matenda apamwamba a chemotherapy.
  • Thandizo la radiation.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa immunotherapy (imiquimod) yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo Loyamba Khansa Yamkazi

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha siteji ya squamous cell zotupa za khansa zomwe ndizochepera 0,5 cm masentimita zingaphatikizepo izi:

  • Thandizo la radiation lakunja, makamaka zotupa zazikulu kapena ma lymph node pafupi ndi zotupa kumunsi kumaliseche.
  • Thandizo la radiation.
  • Opaleshoni (kutulutsa kwanyumba kwambiri kapena vaginectomy wokhala ndi ukazi wokonzanso). Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Chithandizo cha siteji yovuta ya khansa ya m'mimba yomwe imapitilira 0,5 masentimita ingakhale ndi izi:

  • Opaleshoni:
  • Zilonda kumtunda kwachitatu kwambiri kumaliseche, vaginectomy ndi lymph node dissection, kapena popanda kumanganso ukazi.
  • Zilonda zakumunsi kwachitatu kumaliseche, kutsekula kwamitsempha yamagazi.
  • Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni, yomwe ingaphatikizepo:
  • Thandizo la radiation lakunja kapena lopanda mankhwala amkati.
  • Thandizo la radiation.
  • Pazilonda zapansi pamunsi mwa nyini, mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ma lymph node pafupi ndi zotupa.

Chithandizo cha gawo la nyini adenocarcinoma chingaphatikizepo izi:

  • Opaleshoni (vaginectomy ndi hysterectomy yokhala ndi lymph node dissection). Izi zitha kutsatiridwa ndi kumanganso kwa ukazi ndi / kapena mankhwala a radiation.
  • Thandizo la radiation. Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amathanso kupatsidwa ma lymph node pafupi ndi zotupa kumunsi kumaliseche.
  • Njira zochiritsira zomwe zingaphatikizepo kudodometsedwa kwapafupi komweko kapena opanda lymph node dissection ndi mankhwala amkati amkati.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo II, Gawo III, ndi Gawo IVa Khansa Yamkazi

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa gawo lachiwiri, gawo lachitatu, ndi gawo IVa khansa ya m'mimba ndizofanana ndi khansa ya squamous cell ndi adenocarcinoma. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

  • Mankhwala amkati ndi / kapena akunja amagetsi kumaliseche. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwanso ku ma lymph node pafupi ndi zotupa kumunsi kumaliseche.
  • Opaleshoni (vaginectomy kapena mafupa a m'chiuno) kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.
  • Chemotherapy yoperekedwa ndi radiation radiation.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Vaginal ya Stage IVb

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa khansa ya kumaliseche ya IVb ndikofanana ndi khansa ya squamous cell ndi adenocarcinoma. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

Thandizo la radiation ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, kuti muchepetse zizindikiritso ndikukhalitsa moyo wabwino. Chemotherapy ingaperekedwenso. Ngakhale palibe mankhwala oletsa khansa omwe awonetsedwa kuti athandize odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba ya IVB amakhala motalikirapo, nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi mitundu ya khansa ya pachibelekero. (Onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'chiberekero.)

Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yamkazi Yoberekera

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa yapamadzi yobwerezabwereza chingaphatikizepo izi:

  • Opaleshoni (m'chiuno).
  • Thandizo la radiation.

Ngakhale palibe mankhwala oletsa khansa omwe awonetsedwa kuti athandize odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapakumaliseche kuti azikhala motalikirapo, nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi mitundu ya khansa ya pachibelekero. (Onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'chiberekero.)

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya m'mimba

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya kumaliseche, onani izi:

  • Tsamba Loyamba La Khansa Yamkazi
  • Tsamba Lapansi La Khansa Yachiberekero
  • Lasers mu Chithandizo cha Khansa
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Zithunzi ndi Khansa
  • Njira Zochizira Khansa
  • Ma Modulators Amthupi
  • HPV ndi Khansa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

  • Za Khansa
  • Kusinthana
  • Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa
  • Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa
  • Kulimbana ndi khansa
  • Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa
  • Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira


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