Mitundu / urethral / wodwala / urethral-treatment-pdq
Zamkatimu
- 1 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Urethral (®) -Patient Version
- 1.1 Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Urethral
- 1.2 Magawo a Khansa ya Urethral
- 1.3 Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule
- 1.4 Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yakutali Yambiri
- 1.5 Kuchiza kwa Proximal Urethral Cancer
- 1.6 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Urethral yomwe imapangidwa ndi khansa yowonongeka ya chikhodzodzo
- 1.7 Kuchiza kwa Metastatic kapena Recurrent Cancer Urethral
- 1.8 Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya m'mimba
Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Urethral (®) -Patient Version
Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Urethral
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Khansa ya m'mimba ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a mtsempha.
- Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya mkodzo yomwe imayamba m'maselo omwe amayendetsa urethra.
- Mbiri ya khansara ya chikhodzodzo imatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa ya mkodzo.
- Zizindikiro za khansa ya mkodzo imaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi kapena vuto lokodza.
- Kuyesa komwe kumayesa urethra ndi chikhodzodzo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya mkodzo.
- Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.
Khansa ya m'mimba ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a mtsempha.
Mkodzo ndi chubu chomwe chimanyamula mkodzo kuchokera m'chikhodzodzo kupita kunja kwa thupi. Kwa amayi, mtsempha wa mkodzo uli pafupifupi mainchesi 1 above ndipo uli pamwambapa pa nyini. Mwa amuna, mkodzo umakhala pafupifupi mainchesi 8, ndipo umadutsa mu prostate gland ndi mbolo mpaka kunja kwa thupi. Mwa amuna, urethra imanyamulanso umuna.
Khansara ya m'mimba ndi khansa yosowa yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya mkodzo yomwe imayamba m'maselo omwe amayendetsa urethra.
Khansa iyi imadziwika ndi mitundu yamaselo omwe amakhala owopsa (khansa):
- Squamous cell carcinoma ndiye khansa yodziwika kwambiri ya khansa. Amapangidwa m'maselo oonda, osalala mu gawo la mkodzo pafupi ndi chikhodzodzo mwa akazi, komanso m'mbali mwa mkodzo mu mbolo mwa amuna.
- Transitional cell carcinoma imapanga m'deralo pafupi ndi kutsegula kwa akazi, komanso gawo la mtsempha womwe umadutsa mu prostate gland mwa amuna.
- Adenocarcinoma amapangidwa m'matope omwe ali pafupi ndi mtsempha wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
Khansara ya m'mimba imatha kufalikira (kufalikira) mwachangu kumatenda ozungulira mtsempha ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi pomwe imapezeka.
Mbiri ya khansara ya chikhodzodzo imatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa ya mkodzo.
Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zowopsa za khansa ya mkodzo ndi izi:
- Kukhala ndi mbiri ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo.
- Kukhala ndimikhalidwe yomwe imayambitsa kutupa kosalekeza mu urethra, kuphatikiza:
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana, kuphatikizapo matenda a papillomavirus (HPV), makamaka mtundu wa HPV 16.
- Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi (UTIs).
Zizindikiro za khansa ya mkodzo imaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi kapena vuto lokodza.
Izi ndi zizindikilo zina zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa ya mkodzo kapena zina. Sipangakhale zisonyezo kumayambiriro. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:
- Vuto loyambira kutuluka kwa mkodzo.
- Kufooka kapena kusokonekera ("kuyimitsa-ndikupita") kutuluka kwamkodzo.
- Pafupipafupi pokodza, makamaka usiku.
- Kusadziletsa.
- Kutuluka kuchokera mu mkodzo.
- Kutuluka magazi kuchokera mu mkodzo kapena magazi mkodzo.
- Kutupa kapena makulidwe mu perineum kapena mbolo.
- Bulu lopweteka kapena kutupa m'mimbamo.
Kuyesa komwe kumayesa urethra ndi chikhodzodzo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya mkodzo.
Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyesa kumaliseche, khomo pachibelekeropo, chiberekero, machubu, mazira, ndi zotuluka. A speculum amalowetsedwa mumaliseche ndipo dokotala kapena namwino amayang'ana kumaliseche ndi chiberekero ngati ali ndi matenda. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zopaka mafuta, zokutira zanja lamanja kumaliseche ndikuyika dzanja linalo pamimba pamunsi kuti mumve kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi malo oberekera komanso thumba losunga mazira. Dokotala kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chopakidwa mafuta, chopukutira mu rectum kuti amve ziphuphu kapena malo achilendo.
- Kuyeza kwamakina a digito: Kuyesa kwa rectum. Dokotala kapena namwino amaika chala chopakidwa mafuta, chovala pakhosi kumunsi kwake kuti amve ziphuphu kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo.
- Urine cytology: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe mayeso amkodzo amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope yama cell osazolowereka.
- Urinalysis: Kuyesa kuyesa mtundu wa mkodzo ndi zomwe zili mkatimo, monga shuga, mapuloteni, magazi, ndi maselo oyera amwazi. Ngati maselo oyera (chizindikiro cha matenda) amapezeka, chikhalidwe cha mkodzo chimachitika kuti mudziwe mtundu wamatendawa.
- Kafukufuku wamagazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zakumwamba kapena zochepa) kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda.
- Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC): Njira yomwe magazi amatengedwa ndikuwunika zotsatirazi:
- Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira, maselo oyera amwazi, ndi ma platelet.
- Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin (puloteni yomwe imanyamula mpweya) m'maselo ofiira amwazi.
- Gawo la magazi lomwe limapangidwa ndi maselo ofiira.
CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamkati mwa thupi, monga chiuno ndi pamimba, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
Ureteroscopy: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana mkati mwa ureter ndi chiuno cham'mimbamo kuti muwone malo osakhazikika. Ureteroscope ndi chopyapyala, chubu ngati chida chowala ndi mandala owonera. Ureteroscope imayikidwa kudzera mu mtsempha wa mkodzo kulowa mu chikhodzodzo, ureter, ndi mafupa a chiuno. Chida chitha kuikidwa kudzera mu ureteroscope kuti mutenge minofu kuti ifufuzidwe pansi pa microscope ngati pali matenda.
- Biopsy: Kuchotsa maselo kapena minofu kuchokera ku mtsempha wa mkodzo, chikhodzodzo, ndipo, nthawi zina, prostate gland. Zitsanzozo zimawonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwala kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.
Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.
Njira zakulosera zamankhwala ndi chithandizo zimadalira izi:
- Komwe khansara idapangika mkodzo.
- Kaya khansara yafalikira kudzera mucosa yolumikizira mtsempha kupita kuminyewa yapafupi, ma lymph node, kapena mbali zina za thupi.
- Kaya wodwalayo ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.
- Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo.
- Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).
Magawo a Khansa ya Urethral
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Khansa ya urethral itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkodzo kapena mbali zina za thupi.
- Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
- Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
- Khansa ya m'mimba imayikidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kutengera urethra yomwe imakhudzidwa.
- Khansa ya mkodzo yakutali
- Khansa yotulutsa urethral
- Chikhodzodzo ndi / kapena khansa ya prostate imatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo ndi khansa ya mkodzo.
- Khansa ya m'mimba imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa.
Khansa ya urethral itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkodzo kapena mbali zina za thupi.
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira mkati mwa mtsempha kapena mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo.
Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:
- X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.
- CT scan (CAT scan) ya m'chiuno ndi pamimba: Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo za chiuno ndi pamimba, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za urethra, ma lymph node apafupi, ndi minofu ndi mafupa ena ofewa m'chiuno. Chinthu chotchedwa gadolinium chimalowetsedwa mwa wodwalayo kudzera mu mtsempha. Gadolinium imasonkhanitsa mozungulira maselo a khansa kuti athe kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- Kujambula: Mndandanda wa ma x-ray a urethra. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi. Utoto umabayidwa kudzera mu mtsempha kulowa mu chikhodzodzo. Utoto umavala chikhodzodzo ndi urethra ndi x-ray zimatengedwa kuti ziwone ngati mtsemphawo watsekedwa komanso ngati khansa yafalikira kumatenda apafupi.
Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:
- Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.
- Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.
- Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.
Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.
- Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
- Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya mkodzo imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo am'mapapo m'mapapo ndimomwe amakhalira khansa ya urethral. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, osati khansa ya m'mapapo.
Khansa ya m'mimba imayikidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kutengera urethra yomwe imakhudzidwa.
Khansara ya m'mimba imayambitsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kutengera urethra yomwe imakhudzidwa komanso momwe chotupacho chinafalikira m'matenda mozungulira mtsempha. Khansa ya m'mimba imatha kufotokozedwa kuti ndiyotali kapena yoyandikira.
Khansa ya mkodzo yakutali
Khansara yotulutsa mitsempha yotalikirana, khansara nthawi zambiri imafalikira m'thupi. Kwa amayi, gawo la urethra lomwe limayandikira kwambiri kunja kwa thupi (pafupifupi ½ inchi) limakhudzidwa. Mwa amuna, gawo la urethra lomwe lili mu mbolo limakhudzidwa.
Khansa yotulutsa urethral
Khansa yotulutsa urethral imakhudza gawo la urethra lomwe silomwe limatulutsa urethra. Mwa amayi ndi abambo, khansa yotsegulira urethral nthawi zambiri imafalikira mpaka minofu.
Chikhodzodzo ndi / kapena khansa ya prostate imatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo ndi khansa ya mkodzo.
Amuna, khansa yomwe imapanga proximal urethra (gawo la urethra lomwe limadutsa mu prostate kupita ku chikhodzodzo) limatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi / kapena prostate. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika atazindikira ndipo nthawi zina zimachitika pambuyo pake.
Khansa ya m'mimba imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa.
Khansara imatha kubwereranso kumtunda kapena mbali zina za thupi.
Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya mkodzo.
- Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Opaleshoni
- Thandizo la radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Kuyang'anira mwachangu
- Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
- Chithandizo cha khansa ya mkodzo chingayambitse mavuto.
- Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
- Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
- Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya mkodzo.
Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala khansa ya mkodzo. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni yochotsa khansa ndiye njira yodziwika kwambiri yothandizira khansa ya mkodzo. Imodzi mwa mitundu yotsatirayi ya opaleshoni ingachitike:
- Open excision: Kuchotsa khansa ndi opareshoni.
- Transurethral resection (TUR): Opaleshoni yochotsa khansa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera cholowetsedwa mu urethra.
- Electroresection ndi kukwaniritsidwa: Opaleshoni kuti athetse khansara ndi magetsi. Chida choyatsidwa ndi zingwe zazing'ono kumapeto chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa khansara kapena kuwotcha chotupacho ndi magetsi amphamvu.
- Opaleshoni ya Laser: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mtanda wa laser (kamtengo kakang'ono kowala kwambiri) ngati mpeni wopangira magazi mopanda magazi kapena kuchotsa kapena kuwononga minofu.
- Lymph node dissection: Ma lymph lymph m'mimba ndi kubuula amatha kuchotsedwa.
- Cystourethrectomy: Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chikhodzodzo ndi urethra.
- Cystoprostatectomy: Opaleshoni kuchotsa chikhodzodzo ndi prostate.
- Mkwiyo wapambuyo: Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa mkodzo, chikhodzodzo, ndi nyini. Opaleshoni yapulasitiki itha kuchitidwa kuti amangenso nyini.
- Penectomy yapadera: Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo la mbolo lozungulira mtsempha pomwe khansa yafalikira. Opaleshoni yapulasitiki itha kuchitidwa kuti amangenso mbolo.
- Radical penectomy: Opaleshoni kuchotsa mbolo yonse. Opaleshoni yapulasitiki itha kuchitidwa kuti amangenso mbolo.
Ngati urethra ichotsedwa, dokotalayo amapanga njira yatsopano kuti mkodzo udutse kuchokera mthupi. Izi zimatchedwa kusokoneza mkodzo. Chikhodzodzo chikachotsedwa, dokotalayo amapanga njira yatsopano yosungira mkodzo ndikudutsa mthupi. Dokotalayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kupanga chubu chomwe chimadutsa mkodzo kudzera potsegula (stoma). Izi zimatchedwa ostomy kapena urostomy. Ngati wodwala ali ndi ostomy, thumba lonyamula kuti atole mkodzo limavalidwa pansi pa zovala. Dokotalayo amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuti apange thumba losungira (kontinentiyo) mkati mwa thupi momwe mkodzo ungatolere. Thumba (catheter) limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhetsa mkodzo kudzera mu stoma.
Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.
Thandizo la radiation
Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:
- Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chakuthupi ndi khansa.
- Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa. Thandizo la radiation limatchedwanso brachytherapy.
Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu wa khansa komanso komwe khansara imapangidwira mu urethra. Mankhwala akunja amkati ndi amkati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya mkodzo.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena poyimitsa ma cell kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu wa khansa komanso komwe khansara imapangidwira mu urethra.
Kuyang'anira mwachangu
Kuyang'anitsitsa ndikutsatira momwe wodwalayo alili popanda kupereka chithandizo chilichonse pokhapokha ngati pakakhala zosintha pazotsatira zake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zizindikilo zoyambirira kuti vutoli likuipiraipira. Poyang'anira mwakhama, odwala amapatsidwa mayeso ndi mayeso ena, kuphatikiza ma biopsies, nthawi zonse.
Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.
Chithandizo cha khansa ya mkodzo chingayambitse mavuto.
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.
Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.
Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.
Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.
Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.
Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.
Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.
Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yakutali Yambiri
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha ma cell osazolowereka mu mucosa (mkatikati mwa urethra omwe sanakhale khansa, atha kuphatikizaponso opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho (open excision or transurethral resection), electroresection yokhala ndi kukwaniritsidwa, kapena opaleshoni ya laser.
Chithandizo cha khansa yotulutsa mtunda ndi yosiyana kwa abambo ndi amai.
Kwa amayi, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:
- Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho (transurethral resection), electroresection ndi kukwaniritsidwa, kapena opareshoni ya laser ya zotupa zomwe sizinafalikire kwambiri mu minofu.
- Brachytherapy (radiation radiation) ndi / kapena chithandizo chamankhwala akunja cha zotupa zomwe sizinafalikire kwambiri mu minofu.
- Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho (kupitirira kwakunja) kwa zotupa zomwe zafalikira kwambiri mu minofu. Nthawi zina ma lymph node apafupi amachotsedwanso (lymph node dissection). Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe musanachite opaleshoni.
Kwa amuna, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:
- Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho (transurethral resection), electroresection ndi kukwaniritsidwa, kapena opareshoni ya laser ya zotupa zomwe sizinafalikire kwambiri mu minofu.
- Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa gawo la mbolo (penectomy pang'ono) yamatenda omwe ali pafupi ndi nsonga ya mbolo. Nthawi zina ma lymph node apafupi amachotsedwanso (lymph node dissection).
- Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa gawo la mtsempha wa zotupa zomwe zili mu mtunda wautali koma osati kumapeto kwa mbolo ndipo sizinafalikire kwambiri munyama. Nthawi zina ma lymph node apafupi amachotsedwanso (lymph node dissection).
- Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse mbolo (penectomy) ya zotupa zomwe zafalikira kwambiri munyama. Nthawi zina ma lymph node apafupi amachotsedwanso (lymph node dissection).
- Thandizo la radiation kapena chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy yoperekedwa limodzi ndi radiation radiation.
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Kuchiza kwa Proximal Urethral Cancer
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha khansa yotsekemera kwambiri kapena khansa ya mkodzo yomwe imakhudza urethra yonse ndi yosiyana kwa abambo ndi amai.
Kwa amayi, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:
- Thandizo la radiation ndi / kapena opaleshoni (open excision, transurethral resection) yamatenda omwe ali ¾ inchi kapena yaying'ono.
- Thandizo la radiation likutsatiridwa ndi opareshoni (kukondwerera kwapambuyo ndi lymph node dissection ndi kusintha kwamikodzo).
Kwa amuna, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:
- Mankhwala a radiation kapena radiation radiation ndi chemotherapy, otsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni (cystoprostatectomy, penectomy, lymph node dissection, and diversion diversion).
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Urethral yomwe imapangidwa ndi khansa yowonongeka ya chikhodzodzo
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha khansa ya mkodzo yomwe imachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo yowopsa ingaphatikizepo izi:
- Opaleshoni (cystourethrectomy mwa akazi, kapena urethrectomy ndi cystoprostatectomy mwa amuna).
Ngati mkodzo sungachotsedwe pa opaleshoni kuti uchotse chikhodzodzo, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kuyang'anira mwachangu. Zitsanzo zamaselo zimatengedwa kuchokera mkodzo ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi khansa.
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Kuchiza kwa Metastatic kapena Recurrent Cancer Urethral
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha khansa ya mkodzo yomwe imafalikira (kufalikira mbali zina za thupi) nthawi zambiri imakhala chemotherapy.
Chithandizo cha khansa yobwerezabwereza ikhoza kuphatikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
- Opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho. Nthawi zina ma lymph node apafupi amachotsedwanso (lymph node dissection).
- Thandizo la radiation.
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya m'mimba
Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya mkodzo, onani izi:
- Tsamba La Urethral Cancer
- Lasers mu Chithandizo cha Khansa
Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:
- Za Khansa
- Kusinthana
- Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa
- Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa
- Kulimbana ndi khansa
- Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa
- Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira
Thandizani kutsitsimutsa kwama ndemanga