Mitundu / Prostate / wodwala / Prostate-treatment-pdq

Kuchiza Khansa ya Prostate (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Prostate

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya Prostate ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a prostate.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya prostate zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa mkodzo kapena kukodza pafupipafupi.

• Mayeso omwe amayesa prostate ndi magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya prostate.

• A biopsy amachitika kuti apeze khansa ya prostate ndikupeza mtundu wa khansa (mphotho ya Gleason).

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansa ya Prostate ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a prostate.

Prostate ndimatenda am'thupi la abambo. Ili pansi penipeni pa chikhodzodzo (chiwalo chomwe chimasonkhanitsa ndikutsanulira mkodzo) komanso kutsogolo kwa rectum (kumunsi kwa matumbo). Imakhala pafupifupi kukula kwa mtedza ndipo umazungulira gawo la mtsempha (chubu chomwe chimatulutsa mkodzo kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo). Prostate gland imapanga madzimadzi omwe ndi gawo la umuna.

Anatomy ya ziwalo zoberekera ndi kwamikodzo, zowonetsa prostate, machende, chikhodzodzo, ndi ziwalo zina.

Khansa ya prostate imafala kwambiri mwa amuna achikulire. Ku US, pafupifupi 1 mwa amuna asanu amapezeka ndi khansa ya prostate.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya prostate zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa mkodzo kapena kukodza pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilozi zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa ya prostate kapena zovuta zina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Kufooka kapena kusokonekera ("kuyimitsa-ndikupita") kutuluka kwamkodzo.

• Kufuna mwadzidzidzi kukodza.

• Pafupipafupi pokodza (makamaka usiku).

• Vuto loyambira kutuluka kwa mkodzo.

• Zovuta kutulutsa chikhodzodzo kwathunthu.

• Kupweteka kapena kuwotcha pokodza.

• Magazi mkodzo kapena umuna.

• Kupweteka kumbuyo, m'chiuno, kapena m'chiuno komwe sikumatha.

• Kupuma pang'ono, kumva kutopa kwambiri, kugunda kwamtima, chizungulire, kapena khungu lotumbululuka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi.

Zina zimatha kubweretsa zofananira. Amuna akamakalamba, prostate imatha kukula ndikuletsa mtsempha kapena chikhodzodzo. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto pokodza kapena mavuto azakugonana. Matendawa amatchedwa benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), ndipo ngakhale si khansa, pamafunika opaleshoni. Zizindikiro za benign prostatic hyperplasia kapena zovuta zina mu prostate zitha kukhala ngati zizindikiro za khansa ya prostate.

Prostate wabwinobwino ndi benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate wabwinobwino siyimitsa kutuluka kwa mkodzo kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo. Prostate wokulira amasindikizira chikhodzodzo ndi mtsempha wa mkodzo ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa mkodzo.

Mayeso omwe amayesa prostate ndi magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya prostate.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyeza kwamakina a digito (DRE): Kuyesa kwa rectum. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsa chala chopakika, chopukutira mu rectum ndikumverera prostate kudzera pakhoma lammbali laziphuphu kapena malo abwinobwino.

Kuyeza kwamakina a digito (DRE). Dokotala amalowetsa chala chopukutidwa, chopaka mafuta mu rectum ndikumva rectum, anus, ndi prostate (mwa amuna) kuti awone chilichonse chachilendo.

• Mayeso a Prostate-antigen (PSA): Chiyeso chomwe chimayeza kuchuluka kwa PSA m'magazi. PSA ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi prostate chomwe chingapezeke mopitilira muyeso wamagazi m'magazi a amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate. Maseŵera a PSA amathanso kukhala okwera mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda kapena kutupa kwa prostate kapena BPH (prostate wokulitsa, koma wopanda khansa).

• Transrectal ultrasound: Njira yomwe kafukufuku yemwe ali ngati kukula kwa chala amalowetsedwa mu rectum kuti ayang'ane prostate. Kafukufukuyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri (ultrasound) pamatumba amkati kapena ziwalo ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Transrectal ultrasound itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi ya biopsy. Izi zimatchedwa transrectal ultrasound motsogozedwa biopsy.

Kusintha kwa ultrasound. Pulogalamu ya ultrasound imayikidwa mu rectum kuti iwonetse prostate. Kafukufukuyu amatulutsa mafunde m'matupi a thupi kuti apange mawonekedwe omwe amapanga sonogram (chithunzi chamakompyuta) cha prostate.

• Kujambula kwamagnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo zazomwe zili mkati mwa thupi. Probe yomwe imatulutsa mafunde amawu imayikidwa mu rectum pafupi ndi prostate. Izi zimathandiza makina a MRI kupanga zithunzi zomveka bwino za prostate ndi minofu yapafupi. Kusintha kwa MRI kumachitika kuti mudziwe ngati khansara yafalikira kunja kwa Prostate m'matumba oyandikira. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Transrectal MRI itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika. Izi zimatchedwa kusintha kosinthika kwa MRI.

A biopsy amachitika kuti apeze khansa ya prostate ndikupeza mtundu wa khansa (mphotho ya Gleason).

Chidziwitso chosinthika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya prostate. Chidziwitso chosinthika ndikutulutsa minofu kuchokera ku prostate poika singano yopyapyala kudzera mu rectum ndi prostate. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito transrectal ultrasound kapena transrectal MRI kuthandiza kuwongolera komwe zitsanzo za minofu zimachokerako. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa.

Zosintha zosintha. Pulogalamu ya ultrasound imayikidwa mu rectum kuti iwonetse komwe kuli chotupacho. Kenako singano imalowetsedwa kudzera mu thumbo mu prostate kuchotsa minofu kuchokera ku prostate.

Nthawi zina biopsy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito minofu yomwe idachotsedwa panthawi yopanga ma prostate (TURP) kuti ichiritse benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Ngati khansa ipezeka, wodwalayo amapatsa khansa mulingo woyenera. Kalasi ya khansa imafotokoza momwe ma cell a khansa amawonekera modabwitsa ndi microscope komanso momwe khansa imakulira ndikufalikira mwachangu. Mulingo wa khansa umatchedwa mphotho ya Gleason.

Pofuna kuti khansa ifike pamlingo, wodwalayo amafufuza zomwe zimayambira pa prostate kuti awone kuchuluka kwa chotupacho ngati khungu lodziwika bwino la prostate ndikupeza magawo awiri akulu a khungu. Chitsanzo choyambirira chimafotokoza minyewa yofala kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wachiwiriwo umafotokoza mtundu wotsatira wotsatira kwambiri. Mtundu uliwonse umapatsidwa kalasi kuyambira 3 mpaka 5, pomwe kalasi 3 imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi minofu ya Prostate ndipo grade 5 ikuwoneka yachilendo kwambiri. Magulu awiriwo amawonjezeredwa kuti alandire Gleason.

Maphunziro a Gleason amatha kuyambira 6 mpaka 10. Kukwera kwa Gleason, khansa imakula ndikufalikira mwachangu. Magulu 6 a Gleason ndi khansa yotsika; mphambu 7 ndi khansa yapakatikati; ndipo mphambu wa 8, 9, kapena 10 ndi khansa yapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtundu wofala kwambiri wa nyama ndi giredi 3 ndipo mtundu wachiwiriwo ndi giredi 4, zikutanthauza kuti khansa yambiri imakhala giredi 3 ndipo khansa yocheperako ndi kalasi ya 4. Magulu awonjezeredwa pamlingo wa Gleason wa 7, ndipo ndi khansa yapakatikati. Mapulogalamu a Gleason atha kulembedwa ngati 3 + 4 = 7, Gleason 7/10, kapena kuchuluka kwa Gleason kwa 7.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Njira zakulosera zamankhwala ndi chithandizo zimadalira izi:

• Gawo la khansa (kuchuluka kwa PSA, kuchuluka kwa Gleason, Gulu Gulu, kuchuluka kwa prostate komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi khansa, komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira m'malo ena mthupi).

• Msinkhu wa wodwalayo.

• Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).

Njira zochiritsira zimadaliranso motere:

• Kaya wodwalayo ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.

• Zotsatira zoyembekezereka zamankhwala.

• Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu cha khansa ya prostate.

• Zokhumba za wodwalayo.

Amuna ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ya prostate samwalira nayo.

Magawo a Khansa ya Prostate

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya prostate itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti adziwe ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa prostate kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Mulingo wa Gulu ndi PSA amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khansa ya prostate.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya prostate:

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Khansa ya prostate imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa.

Khansa ya prostate itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti adziwe ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa prostate kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yafalikira mkati mwa prostate kapena mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Zotsatira zamayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti ali ndi khansa ya prostate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga matendawa. (Onani gawo la General Information.) Mu khansa ya prostate, kuyeza magawo sikungachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zakuti khansara yafalikira, monga kupweteka kwa mafupa, kuchuluka kwa PSA, kapena kuchuluka kwa Gleason.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza:

• Kujambula mafupa: Njira yowunika ngati pali magawo omwe amagawa mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa, m'mafupa. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowononga nyukiliya zimasonkhanitsa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo imadziwika ndi sikani.

Kujambula mafupa. Katundu wocheperako wa ma radio amabayidwa m'magazi a wodwalayo ndikusonkhanitsa m'maselo achilendo m'mafupa. Wodwala akagona patebulo lomwe limayenda pansi pa sikani, zida zowulutsa ma radio zimapezeka ndipo zithunzi zimapangidwa pakompyuta kapena mufilimu.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

• Pelvic lymphadenectomy: Njira yochotsera ma lymph node m'chiuno. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa.

• Seminal vesicle biopsy: Kuchotsa kwamadzi m'matumbo (glands omwe amapanga umuna) pogwiritsa ntchito singano. Wodwala amawona madzi amadzimadzi pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa.

• Kujambula kwa ProstaScint: Njira yowunika khansa yomwe yafalikira kuchokera ku prostate kupita mbali zina za thupi, monga ma lymph node. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowulutsa ma radio zimamatira ku ma cell a khansa ya prostate ndipo zimadziwika ndi sikani. Zinthu zowulutsa radioactive zimawoneka ngati malo owala pachithunzichi m'malo omwe muli maselo ambiri a khansa ya prostate.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya prostate imafalikira mpaka fupa, maselo a khansa omwe ali m'mafupawo ndi omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya prostate. Matendawa ndi khansa ya prostate, osati khansa ya mafupa.

Denosumab, antioclonal antibody, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa metastases ya mafupa.

Mulingo wa Gulu ndi PSA amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khansa ya prostate.

Gawo la khansara limazikidwa pazotsatira zoyeserera ndi kuyezetsa matenda, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ndi Gulu la Gulu. Mitundu ya minofu yomwe idachotsedwa nthawi ya biopsy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa a Gleason. Magulu a Gleason amakhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 10 ndipo amafotokoza momwe maselo amkhansa amawonekera kuchokera kuma cell abwinobwino pansi pa microscope komanso kuthekera kwake kuti chotupacho chifalikire. Kuchepetsa chiwerengerocho, ma cell a khansa amawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino ndipo amatha kukula ndikufalikira pang'onopang'ono.

Gulu la Gulu limatengera kuchuluka kwa Gleason. Onani gawo la General Information kuti mumve zambiri za mphotho ya Gleason.

• Gulu la Gulu 1 ndi Gleason 6 kapena kuchepera.

• Gulu la Gulu 2 kapena 3 ndi gawo la Gleason la 7.

• Gulu la Gulu 4 ndi Gleason 8.

• Gulu la Gulu 5 ndi Gleason 9 kapena 10.

Kuyesa kwa PSA kumayesa kuchuluka kwa PSA m'magazi. PSA ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi prostate chomwe chitha kupezeka mumochulukirapo m'magazi a amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya prostate:

Gawo I

Gawo I khansa ya prostate. Khansa imapezeka mu prostate yokha. Khansara imamvekera panthawi yoyezetsa magazi ndipo imapezeka ndi singano yopangidwa ndi singano yodziwika bwino ya antigen (PSA) kapena minofu yomwe idachotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni pazifukwa zina. Mulingo wa PSA ndi wochepera 10 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1; KAPENA khansa imamveka mukamayesedwa ndi ma digito ndipo imapezeka theka kapena pang'ono mbali imodzi ya prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndi wochepera 10 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1.

• samamvekera pakuyesa kwamakina a digito ndipo amapezeka ndi biopsy ya singano (yochitidwa pamwambamwamba wa PSA) kapena pachitsanzo cha minofu yomwe imachotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni pazifukwa zina (monga benign prostatic hyperplasia). Mulingo wa PSA ndiwotsika kuposa 10 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1; kapena

• imamveka panthawi yoyezetsa ma digito ndipo imapezeka mu theka kapena pang'ono mbali imodzi ya prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndiwotsika kuposa 10 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, khansa yapita patsogolo kuposa gawo loyamba, koma silinafalikire kunja kwa Prostate. Gawo II lidagawika magawo IIA, IIB, ndi IIC.

Gawo lachiwiri Khansa ya prostate. Khansa imapezeka mu prostate yokha. Khansa imapezeka mu theka kapena ochepera mbali imodzi ya prostate. Mulingo wokhudzana ndi prostate-antigen (PSA) ndi osachepera 10 koma osakwana 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1; KAPENA khansa imapezeka koposa theka la mbali imodzi ya prostate kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndi wochepera 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1.

Mu gawo IIA, khansa:

• amapezeka theka kapena pang'ono mbali imodzi ya prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndi osachepera 10 koma wotsika kuposa 20 ndipo Gulu Loyambira ndi 1; kapena

• amapezeka koposa theka la mbali imodzi ya prostate kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndiwotsika kuposa 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1.

Khansa ya prostate ya Gawo IIB. Khansa imapezeka mu prostate yokha. Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mbali ya antigen ya prostate ndiyosakwana 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 2.

Mu gawo IIB, khansa:

• amapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndiwotsika kuposa 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 2.

Khansa ya prostate khansa. Khansa imapezeka mu prostate yokha. Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa antigen wa prostate ndi wochepera 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 3 kapena 4.

Mu gawo la IIC, khansa:

• amapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndiwotsika kuposa 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 3 kapena 4.

Gawo III

Gawo lachitatu lagawidwa magawo IIIA, IIIB, ndi IIIC.

Khansa ya prostate ya Gawo IIIA. Khansa imapezeka mu prostate yokha. Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa antigen wa prostate uli osachepera 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, kapena 4.

Mu gawo IIIA, khansa:

• amapezeka mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za prostate. Mulingo wa PSA ndi osachepera 20 ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, kapena 4.

Gawo lachiwiri Khansa ya prostate. Khansara yafalikira kuchokera ku prostate kupita kumatumbo kapena kumatumbo kapena ziwalo zapafupi, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma la m'chiuno. Antigen ya anti-prostate imatha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, kapena 4.

Mu gawo IIIB, khansa:

• yafalikira kuchokera ku prostate kupita ku zotupa za m'mimba kapena ku minofu kapena ziwalo zapafupi, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma m'chiuno. PSA itha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, kapena 4.

Khansa yachiwiri ya prostate khansa. Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri za prostate ndipo mwina imafalikira kumatumbo kapena kumatumbo apafupi kapena ziwalo, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma la m'chiuno. Antigen ya anti-prostate imatha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 5.

Mu gawo IIIC, khansa:

• imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri za prostate ndipo mwina imafalikira kumatumbo kapena kumatumbo kapena ziwalo zapafupi, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma la m'chiuno. PSA itha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 5.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV limagawika magawo a IVA ndi IVB.

Khansa ya khansa ya prostate. Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri za prostate ndipo mwina imafalikira kumatumbo kapena kumatumbo apafupi kapena ziwalo, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma la m'chiuno. Khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi. Antigen ya anti-prostate imatha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, 4, kapena 5.

Pa siteji IVA, khansa:

• imapezeka mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri za prostate ndipo mwina imafalikira kumatumbo kapena kumatumbo kapena ziwalo zapafupi, monga rectum, chikhodzodzo, kapena khoma la m'chiuno. Khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi. PSA itha kukhala mulingo uliwonse ndipo Gulu la Gulu ndi 1, 2, 3, 4, kapena 5.

Khansa ya prostate ya gawo la IVB. Khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mafupa kapena ma lymph node akutali.

Mu gawo la IVB, khansa:

• wafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mafupa kapena ma lymph node akutali. Khansa ya prostate nthawi zambiri imafalikira mpaka mafupa.

Khansa ya prostate imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa.

Khansara ikhoza kubwerera ku prostate kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya prostate.

• Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yamankhwala amtundu uliwonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyembekezera mwachidwi kapena kuyang'anira mwakhama

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation ndi mankhwala a radiopharmaceutical

• Thandizo la mahomoni

• Chemotherapy

• Chitetezo chamatenda

• Mankhwala a bisphosphonate

• Pali mankhwala othandizira kupweteka kwa mafupa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mafupa kapena mafupa.

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Kuchiza opaleshoni

• Mkulu-mwamphamvu-lolunjika ultrasound mankhwala

• Thandizo la proton beam radiation

• Thandizo la Photodynamic

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya prostate chingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya prostate.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yamankhwala amtundu uliwonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Kuyembekezera mwachidwi kapena kuyang'anira mwakhama

Kuyembekezera mwachidwi ndikuwunika mwachangu ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amuna achikulire omwe alibe zizindikilo kapena matenda ena komanso amuna omwe khansa ya prostate imapezeka poyesedwa.

Kuyembekezera mwachidwi kumayang'anitsitsa matenda a wodwalayo osamupatsa chithandizo chilichonse mpaka zizindikilo kapena zizindikiritso zikuwoneka kapena kusintha. Chithandizo chimaperekedwa kuti muchepetse zizolowezi ndikusintha moyo.

Kuyang'anitsitsa mwachidwi kumatsatira momwe wodwalayo alili popanda kupereka chithandizo chilichonse pokhapokha ngati pakakhala zosintha pazotsatira zake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zizindikilo zoyambirira kuti vutoli likuipiraipira. Poyang'anira mwakhama, odwala amapatsidwa mayeso ndi mayeso ena, kuphatikiza kuyesedwa kwamakina a digito, mayeso a PSA, transrectal ultrasound, ndi transrectal singano biopsy, kuti awone ngati khansa ikukula. Khansara ikayamba kukula, amapatsidwa chithandizo kuti athetse khansayo.

Mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza osapereka chithandizo chamankhwala a kansa ya prostate atangowunika ndikuwunika, kuwonera ndikudikirira, ndikuwongolera komwe akuyembekezera.

Opaleshoni

Odwala omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino omwe chotupa chawo chili mu prostate gland chokha amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Radical prostatectomy: Njira yochotsera Prostate, minofu yoyandikana nayo, ndi ziwalo zam'mimba. Kuchotsa ma lymph node apafupi kumatha kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mitundu yayikulu ya prostatectomy yayikulu ndi iyi:

• Open radical prostatectomy: Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa m'dera la retropubic (m'munsi pamimba) kapena perineum (dera lomwe lili pakati pa anus ndi scrotum). Kuchita opaleshoni kumachitika kudzera mu incision. Zimakhala zovuta kuti dokotalayo asasokoneze mitsempha pafupi ndi prostate kapena kuchotsa ma lymph nodes pafupi ndi perineum approach.

• Radate laparoscopic prostatectomy: Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono (todulira) timapangidwa pakhoma pamimba. Laparoscope (chida chochepa, chofanana ndi chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera) chimayikidwa kudzera pachitseko chimodzi chotsogolera opareshoniyo. Zida zopangira opaleshoni zimayikidwa kudzera m'mitsempha ina yochita opaleshoniyi.

• Prostatectomy wowonjezera wa lapotoscopic: Amadula ang'ono ang'ono m'makoma am'mimba, monga laparoscopic prostatectomy. Dokotalayo amalowetsa chida chake ndi kamera kudzera potseguka ndi zida zopangira opaleshoni kudzera pamakomo ena pogwiritsa ntchito manja a robotic. Kamera imapatsa dotolo dotolo mawonekedwe amitundu itatu ya prostate ndi zomuzungulira. Dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito manja a robotic pochita opaleshoniyi atakhala pa kompyuta yowonera pafupi ndi tebulo logwirira ntchito.

Mitundu iwiri ya radical prostatectomy. Mu retropubic prostatectomy, prostate imachotsedwa kudzera pakhoma pamimba. Mu perineal prostatectomy, prostate imachotsedwa kudzera pobowola m'deralo pakati pa scrotum ndi anus.

• Pelvic lymphadenectomy: Njira yochotsera ma lymph node m'chiuno. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa. Ngati ma lymph node ali ndi khansa, adotolo sangachotse prostate ndipo angawalangize chithandizo china.

• Transurethral resection ya Prostate (TURP): Njira yochotsera ma prostate pogwiritsa ntchito resectoscope (chubu chowonda, chowala ndi chida chocheka) cholowetsedwa kudzera mu mtsempha wa mkodzo. Njirayi imachitika pofuna kuchiza matenda oopsa a prostatic hypertrophy ndipo nthawi zina amachitidwa kuti athetse zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa chotupa asanalandire chithandizo china cha khansa. TURP itha kuchitidwanso mwa amuna omwe chotupa chawo chili mu prostate yekha komanso omwe sangakhale ndi prostatectomy yayikulu.

Kutulutsa kwa prostate (TURP). Minofu imachotsedwa ku prostate pogwiritsa ntchito resectoscope (chubu chowonda, chowala ndi chida chocheka kumapeto) cholowetsedwa kudzera mu mtsempha. Minofu ya prostate yomwe imatseka urethra imadulidwa ndikuchotsedwa kudzera mu resectoscope.

Nthawi zina, mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira kutulutsa kwa penile imatha kupulumutsidwa ndikuchita opaleshoni yopulumutsa mitsempha. Komabe, izi sizingatheke mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zotupa zazikulu kapena zotupa zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi mitsempha.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya khansa ya prostate ndi awa:

• Mphamvu.

• Kutuluka kwa mkodzo kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo kapena chopondapo kuchokera kumatumbo.

• Kufupikitsa mbolo (1 mpaka 2 sentimita). Chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwika.

• Inguinal hernia (mafuta kapena gawo la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudzera m'minyewa yofooka). Inguinal hernia imatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri mwa amuna omwe amathandizidwa ndi prostatectomy wamkulu kuposa amuna omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya opaleshoni ya Prostate, radiation radiation, kapena prostate biopsy yokha. Zitha kuchitika mzaka ziwiri zoyambirira pambuyo pa prostatectomy yayikulu.

Thandizo la radiation ndi mankhwala a radiopharmaceutical

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa:

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chakuthupi ndi khansa. Ma radiation ofananirana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amtundu wakunja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kupanga chithunzi cha 3-dimensional (3-D) cha chotupacho ndikupanga ma radiation kuti agwirizane ndi chotupacho. Izi zimalola kuchuluka kwa radiation kuti ifike pachotupacho ndipo imawononga pang'ono minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito radiation akhoza kuperekedwa chifukwa ali ndi ndandanda yabwino yothandizira. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi othandizira poizoniyu omwe ma radiation yayikulu kuposa masiku onse imaperekedwa kamodzi patsiku kwakanthawi kochepa (masiku ochepa) poyerekeza ndi mankhwala wamba. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa kuposa mankhwala amtundu wa radiation, kutengera ndandanda zomwe agwiritsa ntchito.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa. Mukadwala khansa ya prostate, nthanga za radioactive zimayikidwa mu prostate pogwiritsa ntchito singano zomwe zimayikidwa kudzera pakhungu pakati pa scrotum ndi rectum. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbewu zamagetsi mu prostate kumatsogozedwa ndi zithunzi kuchokera ku transrectal ultrasound kapena computed tomography (CT). Singano zimachotsedwa mbewu zanyukiliya zikaikidwa mu prostate.

• Mankhwala a Radiopharmaceutical amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive pochiza khansa. Mankhwala a radiopharmaceutical akuphatikizapo izi:

• Alpha emitter radiation mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito poizoni pochiza khansa ya prostate yomwe yafalikira mpaka fupa. Mankhwala a radioadium otchedwa radium-223 amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Radium-223 imasonkhana m'malo amfupa ndi khansa ndikupha ma cell a khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Njira zochizira ma radiation zakunja, ma radiation radiation, ndi radiopharmaceutical therapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya prostate.

Amuna omwe amachiritsidwa ndi radiation ya khansa ya prostate ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi khansara ndi / kapena khansa ya m'mimba.

Thandizo la radiation lingayambitse kusowa mphamvu komanso mavuto amkodzo omwe angawonjezeke ndi ukalamba.

Thandizo la mahomoni

Thandizo la mahomoni ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amachotsa mahomoni kapena amalepheretsa zochita zawo ndikuletsa maselo a khansa kuti asakule. Mahomoni ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatuluka m'thupi ndipo timafalikira m'magazi. Mu khansa ya prostate, mahomoni ogonana amuna amatha kupangitsa kuti khansa ya prostate ikule. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, opaleshoni, kapena mahomoni ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amphongo kapena kuwalepheretsa kugwira ntchito. Izi zimatchedwa mankhwala a androgen (ADT).

Chithandizo cha mahomoni a khansa ya prostate chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Abiraterone acetate imatha kuteteza ma cell a khansa ya prostate kupanga ma androgens. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate yomwe siinapindulepo ndi mankhwala ena a mahomoni.

• Orchiectomy ndi njira yochotsera machende amodzi kapena onse awiri, omwe amapangira mahomoni achimuna, monga testosterone, kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa.

• Estrogens (mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa machitidwe azimayi ogonana) amatha kulepheretsa machende kupanga testosterone. Komabe, ma estrogens sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano pochiza khansa ya prostate chifukwa chowopsa.

• Luteinizing otulutsa mahomoni otulutsa ma hormone amatha kuyimitsa machende kupanga testosterone. Zitsanzo ndi leuprolide, goserelin, ndi buserelin.

• Antiandrogens imatha kuletsa machitidwe a androgens (mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa machitidwe azigonana amuna, monga testosterone. Zitsanzo ndi flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, ndi nilutamide.

• Mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa adrenal glands kupanga ma androgens ndi ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone, ndi progesterone.

Kutentha, kuwonongeka kwa kugonana, kusowa chilakolako chogonana, ndi kufooka mafupa kumatha kuchitika mwa amuna omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a mahomoni. Zotsatira zina zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, ndi kuyabwa.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Prostate kuti mumve zambiri.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy).

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Prostate kuti mumve zambiri.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo kuthana ndi khansa. Zinthu zomwe thupi limapanga kapena zopangidwa mu labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa, kuwongolera, kapena kubwezeretsa chitetezo chamthupi cha khansa. Chithandizo cha khansa ichi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a biologic. Sipuleucel-T ndi mtundu wa immunotherapy womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya prostate yomwe yasintha (kufalikira mbali zina za thupi).

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Prostate kuti mumve zambiri.

Mankhwala a bisphosphonate

Mankhwala a bisphosphonate, monga clodronate kapena zoledronate, amachepetsa matenda am'mafupa khansa ikafalikira. Amuna omwe amachiritsidwa ndi antiandrogen therapy kapena orchiectomy ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha kutayika kwa mafupa. Mwa amunawa, mankhwala a bisphosphonate amachepetsa chiopsezo chophwanya mafupa (kupuma). Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a bisphosphonate popewa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa mafupa a metastases akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Pali mankhwala othandizira kupweteka kwa mafupa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mafupa kapena mafupa.

Khansa ya prostate yomwe yafalikira mpaka mafupa ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala a mahomoni imatha kufooketsa mafupa ndikupangitsa kupweteka kwa mafupa. Chithandizo cha kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi awa:

• Mankhwala opweteka.

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja.

• Strontium-89 (wailesi).

• Chithandizo chojambulidwa ndi antioclonal antibody, monga denosumab.

• Mankhwala a bisphosphonate.

• Corticosteroids.

Onani chidule cha pa Zowawa kuti mumve zambiri.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Kuchiza opaleshoni

Cryosurgery ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chida chozizira ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa ya prostate. Ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza malo omwe adzalandire. Mankhwalawa amatchedwanso cryotherapy.

Cryosurgery imatha kubweretsa kusowa mphamvu komanso kutayikira mkodzo kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo kapena chopondapo kuchokera kumatumbo.

Mkulu-mwamphamvu-lolunjika ultrasound mankhwala

Chithandizo champhamvu kwambiri cha ultrasound ndichithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ultrasound (mafunde amawu amphamvu kwambiri) kuwononga maselo a khansa. Pofuna kuchiza khansa ya Prostate, kafukufuku wamagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafunde.

Thandizo la proton beam radiation

Thandizo la ma radiation la pulotoni ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yayikulu, mankhwala owonekera kunja omwe amalimbana ndi zotupa ndi mitsinje ya ma proton (tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayatsidwa). Mankhwala amtunduwu akuphunziridwa pochiza khansa ya prostate.

Thandizo la Photodynamic

Chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mtundu wina wa kuwala kwa laser kupha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwala omwe sagwira ntchito mpaka kuwalako kukuwala amalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Mankhwalawa amatenga zambiri m'maselo a khansa kuposa m'maselo abwinobwino. Machubu a fiberoptic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula kuwala kwa laser kupita ku maselo a khansa, komwe mankhwalawo amakhala otakataka ndikupha ma cell. Chithandizo cha Photodynamic sichimawononga pang'ono minofu yathanzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochizira zotupa mkati kapena pansi pa khungu kapena pakatikati pa ziwalo zamkati.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya prostate chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo Loyamba Khansa ya Prostate

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza moyenera kwa khansa ya prostate kumatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kudikira kudikira.

• Kuyang'anira mwachangu. Khansara ikayamba kukula, mankhwala a mahomoni amatha kuperekedwa.

• Radical prostatectomy, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja. Thandizo la mahomoni lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Chithandizo chamkati cha radiation ndi mbewu za radioactive.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ultrasound.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a photodynamic.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa cryosurgery.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo lachiwiri la Khansa ya Prostate

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha khansa yachiwiri ya prostate chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kudikira kudikira.

• Kuyang'anira mwachangu. Khansara ikayamba kukula, mankhwala a mahomoni amatha kuperekedwa.

• Radical prostatectomy, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja. Thandizo la mahomoni lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Chithandizo chamkati cha radiation ndi mbewu za radioactive.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa cryosurgery.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ultrasound.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a proton beam radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a photodynamic.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala kwamitundu yatsopano yamankhwala, monga mankhwala a mahomoni otsatiridwa ndi prostatectomy yayikulu.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo Lachitatu la Khansa ya Prostate

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza moyenera kwa khansa yachitatu ya khansa kumatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja. Thandizo la mahomoni lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la mahomoni. Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa mankhwala a mahomoni.

• Wopanga prostatectomy. Thandizo la radiation lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Kudikira kudikira.

• Kuyang'anira mwachangu. Khansara ikayamba kukula, mankhwala a mahomoni amatha kuperekedwa.

Chithandizo choletsa khansa yomwe ili mu prostate ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro za mkodzo pakhoza kukhala izi:

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja.

• Chithandizo chamkati cha radiation ndi mbewu za radioactive.

• Thandizo la mahomoni.

• Kutulutsa kwa prostate (TURP).

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala kwamitundu yatsopano yamankhwala opangira radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa cryosurgery.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Prostate Cancer IV

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha khansa ya kansa ya Prostate IV ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la mahomoni.

• Thandizo la mahomoni limodzi ndi chemotherapy.

• Mankhwala a bisphosphonate.

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja. Thandizo la mahomoni lingaperekedwe pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Alpha emitter radiation mankhwala.

• Kudikira kudikira.

• Kuyang'anira mwachangu. Khansara ikayamba kukula, mankhwala a mahomoni amatha kuperekedwa.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa prostatectomy wamkulu ndi orchiectomy.

Chithandizo choletsa khansa yomwe ili mu prostate ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro za mkodzo pakhoza kukhala izi:

• Kutulutsa kwa prostate (TURP).

• Thandizo la radiation.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Prostate Yobwerezabwereza kapena ya Hormone

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa ya prostate yobwerezabwereza kapena yosagwira mahomoni chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la mahomoni.

• Chemotherapy kwa odwala omwe amachiritsidwa kale ndi mankhwala a mahomoni.

• Thandizo la biologic ndi sipuleucel-T kwa odwala omwe amachiritsidwa kale ndi mankhwala a mahomoni.

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja.

• Prostatectomy ya odwala omwe amachiritsidwa kale ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Alpha emitter radiation mankhwala.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya prostate

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya prostate, onani izi:

• Khansa ya Prostate Tsamba

• Khansa ya Prostate, Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya, ndi Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya

• Kupewa Khansa ya Prostate

• Kuyesa Khansa ku Prostate

• Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Cancer Prostate

• Mayeso a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

• Thandizo la Hormone la Khansa ya Prostate

• Zisankho Za Chithandizo Kwa Amuna omwe Ali Ndi Khansa Yoyambira M'chigawo cha Prostate

• Cryosurgery mu Chithandizo cha Khansa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira

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