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Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Parathyroid (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Parathyroid

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya parathyroid ndimatenda achilendo momwe maselo owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba am'mimba.

• Kukhala ndi zovuta zina zobadwa nazo kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya parathyroid.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya parathyroid zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kumva kutopa, ndi chotupa m'khosi.

• Mayeso omwe amayesa khosi ndi magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya parathyroid.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansa ya parathyroid ndimatenda achilendo momwe maselo owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba am'mimba.

Zotupitsa za parathyroid ndimatumba anayi amakulidwe a nsawawa omwe amapezeka pakhosi pafupi ndi chithokomiro. Matenda a parathyroid amapanga mahomoni otchedwa parathyroid (PTH kapena parathormone). PTH imathandiza kuti thupi ligwiritse ntchito ndikusunga calcium kuti calcium ikhale m'magazi oyenera.

Anatomy ya chithokomiro ndi matenda a parathyroid. Chithokomiro chimakhala pansi pammero pafupi ndi trachea. Chopangidwa ngati gulugufe, chokhala ndi lobe lamanja ndi lobe lakumanzere cholumikizidwa ndi kanyama kakang'ono kotchedwa isthmus. Zotupitsa za parathyroid ndimatumba anayi amakulidwe a nsawawa omwe amapezeka pakhosi pafupi ndi chithokomiro. Chithokomiro ndi mafinya a parathyroid amapanga mahomoni.

Matenda a parathyroid amatha kukhala opitilira muyeso ndikupanga PTH yochulukirapo, vuto lotchedwa hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism imatha kuchitika ngati chotupa chosaopsa (noncancer), chotchedwa adenoma, chimapanga chimodzi mwa zotupa za parathyroid, ndikuchipangitsa kuti chikule ndikuchulukirachulukira. Nthawi zina hyperparathyroidism imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya parathyroid, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Zowonjezera PTH zimayambitsa:

• Kashiamu wosungidwa m'mafupa kuti asunthire m'magazi.

• Matumbo amatengera calcium yambiri kuchokera pachakudya chomwe timadya.

Matendawa amatchedwa hypercalcemia (calcium yochuluka m'magazi).

Hypercalcemia yoyambitsidwa ndi hyperparathyroidism ndi yoopsa kwambiri komanso yowopseza moyo kuposa khansa ya parathyroid komanso kuchiritsa hypercalcemia ndikofunikira monga kuchiza khansa.

Kukhala ndi zovuta zina zobadwa nazo kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya parathyroid.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wopeza matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Zowopsa za khansa ya parathyroid ndi monga zovuta zomwe zimafalikira (kuchokera kwa kholo kupita kwa mwana):

• Wodziwika bwino wa hyperparathyroidism (FIHP).

• Matenda angapo a endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

Kuchiza ndi mankhwala a radiation kumachulukitsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi parathyroid adenoma.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya parathyroid zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kumva kutopa, ndi chotupa m'khosi.

Zizindikiro zambiri za khansa ya parathyroid zimayambitsidwa ndi hypercalcemia yomwe imayamba. Zizindikiro za hypercalcemia ndi izi:

• Kufooka.

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

• Nseru ndi kusanza.

• Kutaya njala.

• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

• Kukhala ndi ludzu kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

• Kukodza kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

• Kudzimbidwa.

• Kuvuta kuganiza bwino.

Zizindikiro zina za khansa ya parathyroid ndi izi:

• Ululu m'mimba, mbali, kapena kumbuyo komwe sikutha.

• Kupweteka m'mafupa.

• Fupa losweka.

• Chotupa pakhosi.

• Sinthani mawu monga hoarseness.

• Vuto kumeza.

Zina zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zofananira ndi khansa ya parathyroid. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi mavuto amenewa.

Mayeso omwe amayesa khosi ndi magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya parathyroid.

Akayezetsa magazi ndikudziwitsa kuti hyperparathyroidism yapezeka, kuyerekezera koyerekeza kumatha kuchitidwa kuti tipeze zomwe zili ndi zotupa za parathyroid. Nthawi zina ma gland a parathyroid amakhala ovuta kupeza ndipo kuyerekezera kwamalingaliro kumachitika kuti apeze komwe ali.

Khansa ya parathyroid ikhoza kukhala yovuta kudziwa chifukwa maselo a benign parathyroid adenoma ndi khansa yoyipa ya parathyroid imawoneka mofanana. Zizindikiro za wodwalayo, calcium yamwazi wamagazi ndi mahomoni otchedwa parathyroid, komanso mawonekedwe a chotupacho amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kafukufuku wamagazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zakumwamba kapena zochepa) kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda. Kuti mupeze khansa ya parathyroid, magazi amayesedwa ngati ali ndi calcium.

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa parathyroid: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa timadzi tomwe timatulutsidwa m'magazi ndimatenda a parathyroid. Hormone yoposa yachibadwa ya parathyroid ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda.

• Sestamibi scan: Mtundu wa radionuclide scan womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti upeze chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso. Kamtengo kakang'ono kwambiri ka radioactive kotchedwa technetium 99 kamalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi kupita ku matenda a parathyroid. Mankhwala owonongerawa amasonkhanitsidwa pamatenda opitilira muyeso ndikuwonekera bwino pakamera yapadera yomwe imazindikira kuwonongeka kwa radioact.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

• SPECT scan (single photon emission computed tomography scan): Njira yopezera zotupa m'mimba. Kamodzi kochepa ka mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito radioak jakisoni mumatumbo kapena kupumira mphuno. Pamene chinthucho chimadutsa m'magazi, kamera imazungulira thupi lonse ndikujambula zithunzi za m'khosi. Kompyutala imagwiritsa ntchito zithunzizo kupanga chithunzi cha mbali zitatu (3-D) cha khosi. Pakhala kuchulukira kwa magazi ndi zochitika zambiri kumadera komwe maselo a khansa akukula. Maderawa adzawala bwino pachithunzichi.

• Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound: Njira yomwe mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) amachotsedwa pamatumba kapena ziwalo zamkati ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram.

• Angiogram: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana mitsempha yamagazi ndi magazi. Utoto wosiyana umalowetsedwa mumtsuko wamagazi. Dye wosiyanayo akamadutsa mumtsuko wamagazi, ma x-ray amatengedwa kuti awone ngati pali zotchinga zilizonse.

• Venous sampling: Njira yomwe magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha inayake ndikuwunika kuti athe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi ziwalo zapafupi. Ngati kuyerekezera kujambula sikuwonetsa kuti ndi khungu liti lomwe limagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, magazi amatha kutengedwa m'mitsempha yapafupi ndi vuto lililonse kuti mupeze yomwe ikupanga PTH yochulukirapo.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala zimadalira izi:

• Kaya kashiamu m'magazi amatha kuwongoleredwa.

• Gawo la khansa.

• Kaya chotupacho ndi kapisozi kozungulira chotupacho atha kuchotsedwa kotheratu ndi opaleshoni.

• Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo.

Magawo a Khansa ya Parathyroid

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa yaparathyroid itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya parathyroid.

Khansa yaparathyroid itapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Mayesero otsatirawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa ngati khansara yafalikira mbali zina za thupi monga mapapo, chiwindi, fupa, mtima, kapamba, kapena ma lymph node:

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya parathyroid imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo a khansa omwe ali m'mapapo ndiye kwenikweni khansa ya khansa. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, osati khansa ya m'mapapo.

Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya parathyroid.

Khansa ya parathyroid imafotokozedwa kuti ndiyomwe imakhalapo kapena metastatic:

• Khansa yapaderayi yomwe imapezeka m'matenda am'mimba imatha kupezeka m'matenda oyandikana nawo.

• Khansara ya metastatic parathyroid yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo, chiwindi, fupa, chikwama mozungulira mtima, kapamba, kapena ma lymph node.

Khansa Yakale ya Parathyroid

Khansa yaposachedwa ya parathyroid ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (ibwerera) itachiritsidwa. Oposa theka la odwala amabwereranso. Khansara ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri imayambiranso pakati pa zaka 2 mpaka 5 kuchitidwa opaleshoni yoyamba, koma imatha kubwereranso mpaka zaka 20. Nthawi zambiri zimabwerera m'matumba kapena ma lymph node a khosi. Magazi a calcium am'magazi ambiri omwe amapezeka atalandira chithandizo atha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba chobwereza.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya parathyroid.

• Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo kuwongolera hypercalcemia (calcium yochulukirapo m'magazi) mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lokhazikika la parathyroid.

• Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Chithandizo chothandizira

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya parathyroid chingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya parathyroid.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo kuwongolera hypercalcemia (calcium yochulukirapo m'magazi) mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lokhazikika la parathyroid. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ophatikizika omwe amapangidwa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi, chotupa chochuluka momwe angathere chimachotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni. Kwa odwala omwe sangachite opareshoni, mankhwala amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni (kuchotsa khansara mu opaleshoni) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira khansa ya parathyroid yomwe ili m'matenda a parathyroid kapena yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi. Chifukwa khansa ya parathyroid imakula pang'onopang'ono, khansara yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi imatha kuchotsedwa ndi opareshoni kuti ichiritse wodwalayo kapena kuwongolera zovuta za matendawa kwakanthawi. Asanachite opaleshoni, mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti athetsere hypercalcemia.

Njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• En bloc resection: Opaleshoni yochotsa khungu lonse la parathyroid ndi kapisozi mozungulira. Nthawi zina ma lymph node, theka la chithokomiro chomwe chili mbali yomweyo ya khansa, ndi minofu, minyewa, ndi mitsempha m'khosi zimachotsedwanso.

• Tumor debulking: Njira yochitira opareshoni yomwe chotupa chochuluka momwe angathere chimachotsedwa. Zotupa zina sizingachotsedwe kwathunthu.

• Metastasectomy: Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse khansa iliyonse yomwe yafalikira kumadera akutali monga mapapo.

Kuchita opaleshoni ya khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zina kumawononga mitsempha ya zingwe zamawu. Pali mankhwala othandizira pamavuto olankhula omwe amadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Mankhwala opangira ma radiation kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma radiation amphamvu ku khansa. Makinawo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira wodwalayo, ndikupereka cheza kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana kuti apereke chithandizo chofananira. Chovala chophimba kumaso chimathandiza kuti mutu ndi khosi la wodwalayo zisasunthike akamalandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pachigoba. Zizindikiro za inki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a radiation pamalo omwewo asanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya parathyroid.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Chithandizo chothandizira

Thandizo lothandizira limaperekedwa kuti muchepetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa kapena chithandizo chake. Chithandizo chothandizira cha hypercalcemia choyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya parathyroid chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Madzi amkati (IV).

• Mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe thupi limapanga.

• Mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa thupi kuti lisatenge calcium kuchokera pachakudya chomwe timadya.

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amalepheretsa matendawa kuti asapangitse timadzi timeneti.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya parathyroid chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri imabwereranso. Odwala amayenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi kwa moyo wawo wonse, kuti apeze ndikuwachira msanga.

Njira Zothandizira Kuchiza Khansa ya Parathyroid

M'chigawo chino

• Khansa Yapafupi ya Parathyroid

• Khansa ya Metastatic Parathyroid

• Khansa Yakale ya Parathyroid

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Khansa Yapafupi ya Parathyroid

Chithandizo cha khansa ya parathyroid ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Opaleshoni (en bloc resection).

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Thandizo lothandizira hypercalcemia (calcium yochuluka m'magazi).

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Khansa ya Metastatic Parathyroid

Chithandizo cha khansa yapakhungu yophatikizana ndi magazi imatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni (metastasectomy) kuchotsa khansa kuchokera komwe idafalikira.

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy.

• Thandizo lothandizira hypercalcemia (calcium yochuluka m'magazi).

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Khansa Yakale ya Parathyroid

Chithandizo cha khansa yapadera ya parathyroid chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Opaleshoni (metastasectomy) kuchotsa khansa kuchokera komwe yabwereranso.

• Opaleshoni (chotupa chotupa).

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy.

• Thandizo lothandizira hypercalcemia (calcium yochuluka m'magazi).

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya Parathyroid

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya parathyroid, onani tsamba la Parathyroid Cancer Home.

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira

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