Mitundu / kapamba / wodwala / kapamba-pdq

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment (Akulu) (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Pancreatic

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya Pancreatic ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a kapamba.

• Kusuta komanso mbiri yathanzi kumatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa ya kapamba.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba zimaphatikizapo jaundice, kupweteka, komanso kuwonda.

• Khansa ya Pancreatic ndi yovuta kuzindikira msanga.

• Kuyesa komwe kumafufuza kapamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya kapamba.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansa ya Pancreatic ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) m'matumba a kapamba.

Mphunoyi ndi kansalu kotalika pafupifupi mainchesi 6 kamene kamaoneka ngati peyala woonda atagona chammbali. Mapeto ake onse otchedwa pancreas amatchedwa mutu, gawo lapakati limatchedwa thupi, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi mchira. Mphunoyi ili pakati pa mimba ndi msana.

Anatomy ya kapamba. Mphunoyi ili ndi mbali zitatu: mutu, thupi, ndi mchira. Amapezeka pamimba pafupi ndi mimba, matumbo, ndi ziwalo zina.

Mankhanira ali ndi ntchito zazikulu ziwiri mthupi:

• Kupanga timadziti tomwe timathandiza kugaya (kuphwanya) chakudya.

• Kupanga mahomoni, monga insulin ndi glucagon, omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi. Mahomoni onsewa amathandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kusunga mphamvu zomwe limapeza kuchokera pachakudya.

Madzimadzi am'mimba amapangidwa ndi maselo am'mimba am'mimba ndipo mahomoni amapangidwa ndimaselo a endocrine kapangidwe. Pafupifupi 95% ya khansa ya pancreatic imayamba m'maselo a exocrine.

Chidulechi ndi chokhudza khansa yapachika yam'mimba. Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ya pancreatic ya endocrine, onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors).

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ya kapamba mwa ana, onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Pancreatic Cancer.

Kusuta komanso mbiri yathanzi kumatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa ya kapamba.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Zowopsa za khansa ya kapamba ndi izi:

• Kusuta.

• Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri.

• Kukhala ndi mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga kapena kapamba kapamba.

• Kukhala ndi mbiri yapa khansa ya kapamba kapena kapamba.

• Kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zina zakubadwa, monga:

• Matenda angapo a endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

• Khansa yotchedwa nonpolyposis colon (HNPCC; Lynch syndrome).

• matenda a von Hippel-Lindau.

• Matenda a Peutz-Jeghers.

• Matenda obadwa ndi khansa yamchiberekero.

• Odziwika bwino atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome.

• Ataxia-telangiectasia.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba zimaphatikizapo jaundice, kupweteka, komanso kuwonda.

Khansa ya pancreatic mwina siyimayambitsa zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zoyambirira. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya kapamba kapena zinthu zina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Jaundice (chikasu chachikopa ndi azungu amaso).

• Zojambula zoyera.

• Mkodzo wakuda.

• Ululu m'mimba chapamwamba kapena chapakati komanso kumbuyo.

• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

• Kutaya njala.

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

Khansa ya Pancreatic ndi yovuta kuzindikira msanga.

Khansara ya pancreatic ndi yovuta kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira pazifukwa izi:

• Palibe zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zoyambilira za khansa ya kapamba.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba, ikakhalapo, ili ngati zizindikilo za matenda ena ambiri.

• Mphunoyi imabisika kuseli kwa ziwalo zina monga m'mimba, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, chiwindi, ndulu, ndulu, ndi ma ducts.

Kuyesa komwe kumafufuza kapamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya kapamba.

Khansa yapancreatic nthawi zambiri imapezeka ndi mayeso ndi njira zomwe zimapanga zithunzi za kapamba ndi malo ozungulira. Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati ndi kuzungulira kapamba amatchedwa staging. Kuyesa ndi njira zodziwira, kuzindikira, ndi khansa yapakudya ya pancreatic nthawi zambiri imachitika nthawi yomweyo. Pofuna kukonzekera chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikofunikira kudziwa gawo la matendawa komanso ngati khansa ya kapamba itha kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Maphunziro a zamagetsi am'magazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina, monga bilirubin, yotulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zakumwamba kapena zochepa) kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda.

• Chizindikiro cha chotupa: Njira yomwe magazi, mkodzo, kapena minofu imayang'aniridwa kuti izindikire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina, monga CA 19-9, ndi carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), yopangidwa ndi ziwalo, zotupa, kapena zotupa m'thupi. Zinthu zina zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ikapezeka m'magulu owonjezeka mthupi. Izi zimatchedwa zolembera zotupa.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography. Kujambula kwa CT kapena kozungulira kumapangitsa kujambula zithunzi mwatsatanetsatane zamkati mwathupi pogwiritsa ntchito makina a x-ray omwe amayang'ana thupi mozungulira.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira. PET scan ndi CT scan zitha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimatchedwa PET-CT.

• Mimba yam'mimba: Mayeso a ultrasound omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi zamkati mwamimba. Transducer ya ultrasound imakanikizika pakhungu la pamimba ndikuwongolera mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) m'mimba. Mafunde akumveka amatuluka mkati ndi ziwalo zamkati ndikupanga ma echoes. Transducer amalandira ma echoes ndikuwatumiza ku kompyuta, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma echoes kupanga zithunzi zotchedwa sonograms. Chithunzicho chimatha kusindikizidwa kuti chiwonedwe pambuyo pake.

• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Njira yomwe endoscope imayikidwa mthupi, nthawi zambiri kudzera pakamwa kapena m'matumbo. Endoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Kafukufuku kumapeto kwa endoscope amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphulitsa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri (ultrasound) pamatumba amkati kapena ziwalo ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Njirayi imatchedwanso endosonography.

• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Njira yogwiritsira ntchito X-ray ducts (machubu) omwe amanyamula bile kuchokera pachiwindi kupita ku ndulu komanso kuchokera ku ndulu kupita kumatumbo ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina khansa ya pancreatic imapangitsa kuti mitengoyi ichepetse komanso kutseka kapena kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa ndulu, kuyambitsa matenda a jaundice. Endoscope (chubu chowonda, chowunikira) imadutsa pakamwa, pammero, ndi m'mimba kulowa gawo loyamba la m'mimba. Catheter (chubu chaching'ono) imalowetsedwa kudzera mu endoscope m'miphika ya kapamba. Utoto umabayidwa kudzera mu catheter mu ducts ndipo x-ray imatengedwa. Ngati ngalandezo zatsekedwa ndi chotupa, chubu chabwino chitha kulowetsedwa mumsewu kuti chimatsegule. Chubu ichi (kapena stent) chitha kusiya m'malo kuti pakhale njira yotseguka. Zitsanzo zamatenda zingathenso kutengedwa.

• Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC): Njira yogwiritsira ntchito X-ray chiwindi ndi ducts. Singano yopyapyala imalowetsedwa kudzera pakhungu pansi pa nthiti ndikufika pachiwindi. Utoto umalowetsedwa m'chiwindi kapena m'mabande am'mimba ndipo x-ray imatengedwa. Ngati chotsekera chikupezeka, chubu chofewa, chosinthika chomwe chimatchedwa stent nthawi zina chimasiyidwa m'chiwindi kuti chikhetse ndulu m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kapena thumba lakutolera kunja kwa thupi. Kuyesaku kumachitika pokhapokha ngati ERCP singachitike.

• Laparoscopy: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yoyang'ana ziwalo zamkati mwa mimba kuti muwone ngati pali matenda. Tizinthu tating'onoting'ono (todulira) timapangidwa pakhoma pamimba ndipo laparoscope (chubu chowonda, chowunikira) imayikidwa mchimodzi mwazomwe zimapangidwazo. Lapaloscope itha kukhala ndi kafukufuku wa ultrasound kumapeto kwake kuti ipangitse mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kumimba, monga kapamba. Izi zimatchedwa laparoscopic ultrasound. Zida zina zimatha kulowetsedwa munjira zomwezo kapena zina kuti achite njira monga kutenga zitsanzo zamankhwala kapamba kapena madzi ena am'mimba kuti awone ngati ali ndi khansa.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Pali njira zingapo zopangira kansa ya kapamba. Singano yabwino kapena singano yapakatikati imatha kulowetsedwa m'mapapo panthawi ya x-ray kapena ultrasound kuchotsa ma cell. Matenda amathanso kuchotsedwa pa laparoscopy kapena opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Njira zakulosera zamankhwala ndi chithandizo zimadalira izi:

• Kaya chotupacho chitha kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.

• Gawo la khansa (kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira kunja kwa kapamba kupita kumatumba oyandikira kapena ma lymph node kapena malo ena m'thupi).

• Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo.

• Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).

Khansara ya pancreatic imatha kulamulidwa pokhapokha ikapezeka isanafalikire, pomwe ingachotsedwe kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Ngati khansara yafalikira, chithandizo chochepetsetsa chimatha kusintha moyo wa wodwalayo mwa kuwongolera zizindikilo ndi zovuta za matendawa.

Magawo a Khansa ya Pancreatic

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Kuyesa ndi njira zoyambira khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri imachitika nthawi yofanana ndi matenda.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya kapamba:

• Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Magulu otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chithandizo:

• Khansa yoopsa ya kapamba

• Khansa yam'mimba yotsekedwa m'malire

• Khansara yakukondera yapancreatic

• Khansara ya pancreatic ya metastatic

• Khansa yapakhungu yabwerewere

Kuyesa ndi njira zoyambira khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri imachitika nthawi yofanana ndi matenda.

Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yafalikira mkati kapangidwe kapenanso mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunika kudziwa gawo la matendawa kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Zotsatira za mayeso ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti ali ndi khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhazikitsa matendawa. Onani gawo la General Information kuti mumve zambiri.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya kapamba idafalikira pachiwindi, maselo a khansa omwe ali pachiwindi ndi maselo a khansa ya kapamba. Matendawa ndi khansa ya kapamba, osati khansa ya chiwindi.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya kapamba:

Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

Khansa 0 khansa ya kapamba. Maselo achilendo amapezeka mkatikati mwa kapamba. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino.

Mu gawo la 0, maselo osazolowereka amapezeka mkatikati mwa kapamba. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino. Gawo 0 limatchedwanso carcinoma in situ.

Gawo I

Gawo I khansa ya kapamba. Khansa imapezeka m'matumba okhaokha. Pa gawo IA, chotupacho chili 2 sentimita kapena ocheperako. Pa siteji IB, chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma osaposa 4 cm.

Pachigawo choyamba ine, khansara yapangidwa ndipo imapezeka m'mapiko okha. Gawo I lagawidwa magawo IA ndi IB, kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho.

• Gawo IA: Chotupacho chili 2 sentimita kapena ocheperako.

• Gawo IB: Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma osaposa 4 cm.

Gawo II

• Gawo II lidagawika magawo IIA ndi IIB, kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe khansa yafalikira.

Gawo IIA: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa masentimita 4.

Gawo lachiwiri Khansa ya kapamba. Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita 4.

• Gawo IIB: Chotupacho ndi kukula kwake ndipo khansa yafalikira mpaka 1 mpaka 3 pafupi ma lymph node.

Khansa ya pancreatic ya Gawo IIB. Chotupacho ndi chachikulu ndipo khansa yafalikira ku 1 mpaka 3 ma lymph node apafupi.

Gawo III

Khansa ya pancreatic ya Gawo III. Chotupacho ndi chachikulu ndipo khansa yafalikira ku (a) 4 kapena ma lymph node apafupi; kapena (b) mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi yomwe ili pafupi ndi kapamba. Izi zikuphatikiza mtsempha wama portal, mitsempha yodziwika bwino ya hepatic, celiac axis (thunthu), ndi mtsempha wapamwamba wa mesenteric.

Mu gawo lachitatu, chotupacho ndi kukula kwake ndipo khansa yafalikira ku:

• ma lymph node anayi kapena kupitilira apo; kapena

• mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi pafupi ndi kapamba.

Gawo IV

Khansa ya pancreatic ya gawo IV. Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu ndipo khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo, chiwindi, kapena peritoneal cavity (thupi lomwe lili ndi ziwalo zambiri m'mimba).

Pa gawo IV, chotupacho ndi kukula kwake ndipo khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga chiwindi, mapapo, kapena peritoneal cavity (thupi lomwe lili ndi ziwalo zambiri m'mimba).

Magulu otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chithandizo:

Khansa yoopsa ya kapamba

Khansa yoopsa ya kapamba imatha kuchotsedwa pochitidwa opaleshoni chifukwa sinakule kukhala mitsempha yofunikira yamagazi pafupi ndi chotupacho.

Khansa yam'mimba yotsekedwa m'malire

Khansa yapakhungu yotsekedwa m'malire yakula kukhala chotengera chamagazi chachikulu kapena minofu yapafupi kapena ziwalo. Zitha kukhala zotheka kuchotsa chotupacho, koma pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti maselo onse a khansa sangachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni.

Khansara yakukondera yapancreatic

Khansara yotsogola yakomweko yakula kapena pafupi ndi ma lymph node kapena mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi, chifukwa chake opaleshoni sangachotse khansayo.

Khansara ya pancreatic ya metastatic

Khansa yapakhungu yam'mimba yayamba kufalikira ku ziwalo zina, chifukwa chake opareshoni sangathe kuchotsa khansayo.

Khansa yapakhungu yabwerewere

Khansa yapakhungu yapakhungu yabwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansayo imatha kubwerera m'mapiko kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya kapamba.

• Mitundu isanu yamankhwala amtundu uliwonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Thandizo la Chemoradiation

• Chithandizo chofuna

• Pali mankhwala othandizira kupweteka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi khansa ya kapamba.

• Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba ali ndi zosowa zapadera.

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya kapamba chingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala khansa ya kapamba.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu isanu yamankhwala amtundu uliwonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Imodzi mwama opaleshoni otsatirawa itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chotupacho:

• Njira ya Whipple: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe mutu wa kapamba, ndulu, gawo la m'mimba, gawo la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndi chotupa cha ndulu zimachotsedwa. Mphepete mwazitsulo zimatsalira kuti zizipanga timadziti ta m'mimba ndi insulin.

• Total pancreatectomy: Ntchitoyi imachotsa kapamba, gawo la m'mimba, gawo la m'matumbo ang'ono, chotupa chofala cha ndulu, ndulu, ndulu, ndi ma lymph node oyandikira.

• Distre pancreatectomy: Opaleshoni yochotsa thupi ndi mchira wa kapamba. Nthata imathanso kuchotsedwa ngati khansara yafalikira ku ndulu.

Ngati khansara yafalikira ndipo singathe kuchotsedwa, mitundu yotsatirayi ya opareshoni yothandizidwa itha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse zizindikiritso ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino:

• Kudutsa kwa biliary: Ngati khansara ikuletsa njira ya bile ndipo bile ikukula mu ndulu, kulambalala kwa biliary kutha kuchitidwa. Pochita opaleshoniyi, adotolo adula ndulu kapena chidebe m'derali asanafike kutseka ndikusokerera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuti apange njira yatsopano kuzungulira malo otsekedwa.

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa endoscopic stent: Ngati chotupacho chikuletsa njira ya bile, opareshoni itha kuchitidwa kuti ipange stent (chubu chochepa) kuti itulutse bile yomwe yamanga m'deralo. Dotolo amatha kuyika stent kudzera pacatheter yomwe imakoka nduluyo mu thumba kunja kwa thupi kapena stent imatha kuzungulira malo otsekedwa ndikutulutsa nduluyo m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

• Kudutsa m'mimba: Ngati chotupacho chikulepheretsa chakudya kutuluka m'mimba, m'mimba mutha kusokedwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuti wodwalayo azitha kudya bwinobwino.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chakuthupi ndi khansa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Kuphatikiza kwa chemotherapy ndi chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ambiri opatsirana khansa.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Pancreatic Cancer kuti mumve zambiri.

Thandizo la Chemoradiation

Mankhwala a Chemoradiation amaphatikiza chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation kuti iwonjezere zotsatira zake zonse ziwiri.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo chomwe mukufuna ndi mtundu wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti azindikire ndikuwukira maselo ena a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zingachitike zimatha kupweteketsa maselo abwinobwino kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation. Ma Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi zotupa kuti zikule. Erlotinib ndi mtundu wa TKI womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya kapamba.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Pancreatic Cancer kuti mumve zambiri.

Pali mankhwala othandizira kupweteka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi khansa ya kapamba.

Kupweteka kumatha kuchitika pamene chotupacho chimakakamiza misempha kapena ziwalo zina pafupi ndi kapamba. Ngati mankhwala opweteka sakukwanira, pali mankhwala omwe amachititsa minyewa m'mimba kuti muchepetse ululu. Dokotala atha kubaya mankhwala m'dera lozungulira misempha yomwe yakhudzidwa kapena amatha kudula mitsempha kuti aletse kumva kupweteka. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy kapena opanda chemotherapy angathandizenso kuchepetsa kupweteka pochepetsa chotupacho. Onani chidule cha pa Kupweteka kwa Khansa kuti mumve zambiri.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba ali ndi zosowa zapadera.

Kuchita opaleshoni yochotsa kapamba kungakhudze kuthekera kwake kopanga michere ya kapamba yomwe imathandizira kugaya chakudya. Zotsatira zake, odwala amatha kukhala ndi vuto lokumba chakudya komanso kuyamwa michere m'thupi. Pofuna kupewa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, adokotala angakupatseni mankhwala omwe amalowa m'malo mwa michere imeneyi. Onani chidule cha pa Nutrition in Cancer Care kuti mumve zambiri.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya kapamba chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Chithandizo cha Khansa Yakuwoneka Pancreatic

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa yotchedwa pancreatic yotsekedwa kapena yamalire ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Chemotherapy kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation otsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni.

• Opaleshoni.

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy.

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi chemoradiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala a chemotherapy ndi / kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera mankhwala a radiation.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho kungaphatikizepo njira ya Whipple, pancreatectomy yathunthu, kapena distal pancreatectomy.

Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kuyamba nthawi iliyonse yamatenda. Onani gawo la Palliative Therapy kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe angathandize kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwino kapena kuti muchepetse zodwala za khansa ya kapamba.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yapamwamba Ya Pancreatic

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya pancreatic yomwe yakhala ikupita patsogolo ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Chemotherapy kapena popanda chithandizo chamankhwala.

• Chemotherapy ndi chemoradiation.

• Opaleshoni (Njira ya Whipple, pancreatectomy yathunthu, kapena distal pancreatectomy).

• Kuchita opareshoni kapena kuponyedwa mwamsangamsanga kuti kudutse malo otsekedwa m'matumba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Odwala ena amathanso kulandira chemotherapy ndi chemoradiation kuti achepetse chotupacho kuti alole kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala atsopano a anticancer pamodzi ndi chemotherapy kapena chemoradiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala opatsirana ndi radiation omwe amaperekedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni kapena mankhwala amkati amkati.

Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kuyamba nthawi iliyonse yamatenda. Onani gawo la Palliative Therapy kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe angathandize kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwino kapena kuti muchepetse zodwala za khansa ya kapamba.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Pancreatic ya Metastatic kapena Recurrent

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya pancreatic yomwe yasintha kapena kubwereranso itha kuphatikizira izi:

• Chemotherapy kapena popanda chithandizo chamankhwala.

• Mayeso azachipatala a othandizira anticancer omwe alibe kapena chemotherapy.

Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kuyamba nthawi iliyonse yamatenda. Onani gawo la Palliative Therapy kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe angathandize kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwino kapena kuti muchepetse zodwala za khansa ya kapamba.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Chithandizo Chothandizira

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kusintha moyo wa wodwalayo mwa kuwongolera zizindikilo ndi zovuta za khansa ya kapamba.

Chithandizo chothandizira cha khansa ya kapamba chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Kuchita opareshoni kapena kuponyedwa mwamsangamsanga kuti kudutse malo otsekedwa m'matumba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

• Mankhwala opatsirana poizoni othandizira kuchepetsa ululu mwakuchepetsa chotupacho.

• Jakisoni wamankhwala wothandizira kuthetsa ululu potseka misempha pamimba.

• Njira zina zothandizira odwala zokha.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya Pancreatic

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya kapamba, onani izi:

• Tsamba La Khansa Ya Pancreatic

• Chithandizo cha Khansa Ya Pancreatic

• Mankhwala Ovomerezeka Pancreatic Cancer

• Njira Zochizira Khansa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira

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