Types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-low-malignant-treatment-pdq

Matenda Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Ovarian Low Malignant Potors Tumors

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Ovarian low chotupa chotupa chotupa ndi matenda omwe maselo osadziwika amapangika minyewa yophimba ovary.

• Zizindikiro za zotupa zochepa zotupa m'mimba zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kapena kutupa m'mimba.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayesa thumba losunga mazira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira (kupeza), kuzindikira, ndikuwonetsa chotupa cha ovarian chotupa chotupa.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Ovarian low chotupa chotupa chotupa ndi matenda omwe maselo osadziwika amapangika minyewa yophimba ovary.

Ovarian zotupa zotupa zowopsa zimakhala ndi maselo osazolowereka omwe amatha kukhala khansa, koma nthawi zambiri samatero. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala mchiberekero. Matenda akapezeka mchiberekero chimodzi, ovary inayo ayeneranso kufufuzidwa mosamala ngati ali ndi matenda.

Thumba losunga mazira ndi ziwalo ziwiri mu njira yoberekera yaikazi. Amakhala m'chiuno, mbali imodzi ya chiberekero (dzenje, lopangidwa ndi peyala pomwe mwana amakula). Ovary iliyonse imakhala pafupifupi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a amondi. Thumba losunga mazira limapanga mazira ndi mahomoni achikazi.

Kutengera kwa ziwalo zoberekera zazimayi. Ziwalo zam'mimba zoberekera zazimayi zimaphatikizapo chiberekero, thumba losunga mazira, timachubu, ziwalo zoberekera, ndi nyini. Chiberekero chimakhala ndi chingwe chakunja chotchedwa myometrium komanso mkati mwake chotchedwa endometrium.

Zizindikiro za zotupa zochepa zotupa m'mimba zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kapena kutupa m'mimba.

Ovarian low chotupa chotupa chotupa sichimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zoyambirira. Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo, atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kupweteka kapena kutupa m'mimba.

• Ululu m'chiuno.

• Mavuto am'mimba, monga mpweya, kuphulika, kapena kudzimbidwa.

Zizindikirozi zimatha chifukwa cha zinthu zina. Akayamba kuipiraipira kapena osapita okha, kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kuyesa komwe kumayesa thumba losunga mazira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira (kupeza), kuzindikira, ndikuwonetsa chotupa chachikulu chotupa m'mimba. Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyesa kumaliseche, khomo pachibelekeropo, chiberekero, machubu, mazira, ndi thumbo. A speculum amalowetsedwa mumaliseche ndipo dokotala kapena namwino amayang'ana kumaliseche ndi chiberekero ngati ali ndi matenda. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa khomo pachibelekeropo kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zopaka mafuta, zokutira zanja lamanja kumaliseche ndikuyika dzanja linalo pamimba pamunsi kuti mumve kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi malo oberekera komanso thumba losunga mazira. Dotolo kapena namwino amalowetsanso chala chopaka mafuta, chopukutira mu rectum kuti amve ziphuphu kapena malo abwinobwino.

Kuyesa kwapelvic. Dokotala kapena namwino amalowetsa chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zopaka mafuta, zokutidwa ndi dzanja limodzi kumaliseche ndikudina pamimba pamunsi ndi dzanja linalo. Izi zachitika kuti mumve kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira. Nyini, khomo pachibelekeropo, machubu opatsira mazira oyenda, ndi thumbo timayang'ananso.

• Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound: Njira yomwe mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) amachotsedwa pamatumba kapena ziwalo zamkati ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Chithunzicho chimatha kusindikizidwa kuti chiwonedwe pambuyo pake.

M'mimba ultrasound. Transducer ya ultrasound yolumikizidwa ndi kompyuta imadutsa pamimba. Transducer ya ultrasound imaponya mafunde akumveka mkati ndi ziwalo zamkati kuti apange ma echo omwe amapanga sonogram (chithunzi cha pakompyuta).

Odwala ena atha kukhala ndi transvaginal ultrasound.

Kutuluka kwa ultrasound. Pulojekiti ya ultrasound yolumikizidwa ndi kompyuta imayikidwa mu nyini ndipo imasunthidwa modekha kuti iwonetse ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Kafukufukuyu amatulutsa mafunde am'mimba ndi ziwalo zamkati kuti apange ma echo omwe amapanga sonogram (chithunzi cha pakompyuta).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

• CA 125 kuyesa: Kuyesa komwe kumayeza mulingo wa CA 125 m'magazi. CA 125 ndi chinthu chomwe chimatulutsidwa ndimaselo m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwa CA 125 nthawi zina kumakhala chizindikiro cha khansa kapena vuto lina.

• X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Minofu nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni kuti ichotse chotupacho.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala zimadalira izi:

• Gawo la matendawa (kaya limakhudza gawo lina la ovary, limakhudza ovary lonse, kapena lafalikira m'malo ena mthupi).

• Ndi maselo amtundu wanji omwe amapanga chotupacho.

• Kukula kwa chotupacho.

• Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zochepa zotupa m'mimba amatha kudziwa bwino, makamaka chotupacho chikapezeka msanga.

Magawo Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pambuyo papezeka chotupa chowopsa cha ovarian, kuyesa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo osazolowereka afalikira mkati mwa ovary kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotupa chochepa chotupa m'mimba

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

Pambuyo papezeka chotupa chowopsa cha ovarian, kuyesa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo osazolowereka afalikira mkati mwa ovary kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati maselo abwinobwino afalikira mkati mwa ovary kapena mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Mayeso kapena njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Kugwiritsa ntchito laparotomy (opaleshoni yopangira khoma pamimba kuchotsa minofu ya ovari) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Odwala ambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a siteji yoyamba.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotupa chochepa chotupa m'mimba

Gawo I

Pachigawo choyamba I, chotupacho chimapezeka m'modzi kapena m'mimba mwake. Gawo I lagawidwa mu gawo IA, gawo IB, ndi gawo IC.

• Gawo IA: Chotupacho chimapezeka mkati mwa ovary imodzi.

• Gawo IB: Chotupacho chimapezeka mkati mwa mazira ambiri.

• Gawo IC: Chotupacho chimapezeka mkati mwa imodzi kapena mazira ambiri ndipo chimodzi mwa izi ndi zoona:

• maselo otupa amapezeka kunja kwa chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri; kapena

• kapisozi (chophimba chakunja) cha ovary chaphulika (chotseguka); kapena

• Maselo otupa amapezeka mumadzimadzi am'mimbamo (thupi lomwe lili ndi ziwalo zambiri m'mimba) kapena pakutsuka kwa peritoneum (minofu yomwe imayala peritoneal

M'mimbamo).

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, chotupacho chimapezeka m'modzi kapena m'mimba mwake ndipo chafalikira kumadera ena a chiuno. Gawo II lidagawika gawo IIA, gawo IIB, ndi gawo IIC.

• Gawo IIA: Chotupacho chafalikira m'chiberekero ndi / kapena ma fallopian machubu (machubu ataliatali omwe mazira amadutsa kuchokera m'mimba mwake kupita kuberekero).

• Gawo IIB: Chotupacho chafalikira kumatenda ena m'chiuno.

• Gawo IIC: Chotupacho chimapezeka mkati mwa imodzi kapena m'mimba mwake ndipo chafalikira ku chiberekero ndi / kapena mazira, kapena kuzinthu zina m'chiuno. Komanso, chimodzi mwazinthu izi ndi chowonadi:

• maselo otupa amapezeka kunja kwa chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri; kapena

• kapisozi (chophimba chakunja) cha ovary chaphulika (chotseguka); kapena

• Maselo otupa amapezeka mumadzimadzi am'mimbamo (thupi lomwe limakhala ndi ziwalo zambiri m'mimba) kapena kutsuka kwa peritoneum (minofu yomwe imayala pakhosi la peritoneal).

Gawo III

Kukula kwa zotupa nthawi zambiri kumayeza masentimita (cm) kapena mainchesi. Zakudya zodziwika bwino zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kukula kwa chotupa mu cm zimaphatikizapo: nsawawa (1 cm), chiponde (2 cm), mphesa (3 cm), mtedza (4 cm), laimu (5 cm kapena 2) mainchesi), dzira (6 cm), pichesi (7 cm), ndi manyumwa (masentimita 10 kapena mainchesi 4).

Gawo lachitatu, chotupacho chimapezeka m'modzi kapena m'mimba mwake ndipo chafalikira kunja kwa mafupa a ziwalo zina zam'mimba ndi / kapena ma lymph node oyandikira. Gawo lachitatu lagawidwa gawo IIIA, gawo IIIB, ndi gawo IIIC.

• Gawo IIIA: Chotupacho chimapezeka m'chiuno mokha, koma zotupa zomwe zimawoneka ndi microscope zokha zafalikira pamwamba pa peritoneum (minofu yomwe imayala khoma la m'mimba ndikuphimba ziwalo zonse m'mimba), matumbo ang'onoang'ono, kapena minofu yolumikizira matumbo ang'onoang'ono kukhoma lamimba.

• Gawo IIIB: Chotupacho chafalikira ku peritoneum ndipo chotupacho mu peritoneum chili 2 sentimita kapena chaching'ono.

• Gawo IIIC: Chotupacho chafalikira ku peritoneum ndipo chotupacho mu peritoneum ndichachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri ndipo / kapena chafalikira kumatenda am'mimba.

Kufalikira kwa maselo otupa pamwamba pa chiwindi kumawerengedwanso kuti matenda a gawo lachitatu.

Gawo IV

Pa gawo IV, zotupa zimafalikira kupitilira pamimba kupita mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo kapena minofu mkati mwa chiwindi.

Maselo otupa amadzimadzi ozungulira mapapo amawonedwanso ngati gawo la IV.

Ovarian zotupa zotupa zotheka pafupifupi sizifika gawo IV.

Ovarian Okhazikika Osauka Amphamvu Amatupa

Ovarian zotupa zotupa zowopsa zimatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) atalandira chithandizo. Zotupazo zimatha kubwerera mchiberekero china kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa chochepa kwambiri.

• Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Chemotherapy

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo cha zotupa zochepa zotupa m'mimba chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanafike, nthawi, kapena atayamba chithandizo chawo.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa chochepa kwambiri.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa chochepa kwambiri. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa, zotupa, ndi zina zokhudzana nazo. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Mtundu wa opareshoni (kuchotsa chotupacho pochita opareshoni) chimadalira kukula ndi kufalikira kwa chotupacho komanso malingaliro amkazi oti akhale ndi ana. Kuchita opaleshoni kungaphatikizepo izi:

• Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Opaleshoni yochotsa ovary imodzi ndi chubu chimodzi cha mazira.

• Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Opaleshoni yochotsa thumba losunga mazira onse komanso machubu oyambira.

• Chiwombankhanga chonse komanso salpingo-oophorectomy wapakati: Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse chiberekero, khomo pachibelekeropo, komanso mazira ambiri ndi mazira. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo lachiberekero atulutsidwa kudzera mu nyini, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa kachilombo ka nyini. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo pachibelekeropo atulutsidwa kudzera pachobvala chachikulu pamimba, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa kuti kutsekeka m'mimba kwathunthu. Ngati chiberekero ndi khomo lachiberekero amatulutsidwa kudzera pang'amba pang'ono pamimba pogwiritsa ntchito laparoscope, opaleshoniyi amatchedwa laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Kutsekemera. Chiberekero chimachotsedwa mwa opaleshoni kapena popanda ziwalo zina kapena zotupa. Chiberekero chonse, chiberekero ndi khomo pachibelekeropo zimachotsedwa. Mchiberekero chonse chokhala ndi salpingo-oophorectomy, (a) chiberekero kuphatikiza chubu chimodzi (chimodzi) chokhala ndi mazira ndi mazira chimachotsedwa; kapena (b) chiberekero kuphatikiza tinthu tambirimbiri tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timatulutsidwa. Mu hysterectomy yowopsa, chiberekero, khomo pachibelekeropo, mazira onse awiri, machubu, komanso minofu yoyandikana nayo imachotsedwa. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula pang'ono kapena kuwongolera mozungulira.

• Tsankho oophorectomy: Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo limodzi la ovary kapena gawo la onse m'mimba mwake.

• Omentectomy: Opaleshoni kuti achotse omentum (chidutswa cha minofu yolumikizana ndi khoma la m'mimba).

Dokotala atachotsa matenda onse omwe angawonekere panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoni, wodwalayo atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti aphe zotupa zilizonse zomwe zatsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotuluka chotupacho, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo cha zotupa zochepa zotupa m'mimba chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wazachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kumachitika kuti mudziwe ngati mankhwala atsopano ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira masiku ano zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazithandizo zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe matenda adzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanafike, nthawi, kapena atayamba chithandizo chawo.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo cha odwala omwe matenda awo sanakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera matenda kubwereranso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zoyipa zamankhwala.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ziyeso zina zomwe zidachitika kuti adziwe matendawa zitha kubwerezedwa. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa kukonzanso.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda anu asintha kapena ngati matenda abwereranso (abwereranso). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Njira Zithandizo Pazotupa Zochepa Kwambiri Zoyipa

M'chigawo chino

• Zoyambira Zoyipa Zoyipa Zoyipa Zoyipa (Gawo I ndi II)

• Zochedwa Zotupa Zowopsa Zotsalira (Gawo Lachitatu ndi IV)

• Ovarian Okhazikika Osauka Amphamvu Amatupa

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Zoyambira Zoyipa Zoyipa Zoyipa Zoyipa (Gawo I ndi II)

Opaleshoni ndi njira yovomerezeka yothandizira pachimake koyambirira kwa chotupa. Mtundu wa opareshoni nthawi zambiri umatengera ngati mkazi akufuna kukhala ndi ana.

Kwa amayi omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi ana, opareshoni ndi iyi:

• umodzi wa salpingo-oophorectomy; kapena

• tsankho oophorectomy.

Pofuna kupewa kubwereranso kwa matenda, madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse minyewa yotsala yomwe mayi sakufuna kukhala ndi ana.

Kwa amayi omwe sakukonzekera kukhala ndi ana, chithandizo chitha kukhala hysterectomy ndi bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Zochedwa Zotupa Zowopsa Zotsalira (Gawo Lachitatu ndi IV)

Chithandizo cha zotupa zotupa kumapeto kwa nthawi yayitali chingakhale hysterectomy, bilpal salpingo-oophorectomy, ndi omentectomy. Kutsekemera kwa lymph node kungathenso kuchitidwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Ovarian Okhazikika Osauka Amphamvu Amatupa

Chithandizo cha zotupa zowopsa zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni.

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti Mumve Zambiri Pazotupa Zoyipa Zoyipa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira