Types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq

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Malignant Mesothelioma Chithandizo (Wamkulu) (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Malignant Mesothelioma

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Malignant mesothelioma ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) omwe amakhala pachifuwa kapena pamimba.
  • Kudziwika ndi asibesitosi kumatha kuyika chiopsezo cha mesothelioma yoyipa.
  • Zizindikiro za malothelioma oyipa zimaphatikizapo kupuma pang'ono komanso kupweteka pansi pa nthiti.
  • Mayeso omwe amafufuza mkati mwa chifuwa ndi pamimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mesothelioma yoyipa.
  • Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Malignant mesothelioma ndi matenda omwe mumakhala maselo owopsa (khansa) omwe amakhala pachifuwa kapena pamimba.

Malignant mesothelioma ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'maselo owopsa (khansa) mu pleura (minofu yocheperako yomwe imayang'ana pachifuwa ndikuphimba mapapo) kapena peritoneum (khungu lochepa kwambiri lomwe limayimba pamimba ndikuphimba ziwalo zam'mimba). Malignant mesothelioma amathanso kupanga mumtima kapena machende, koma izi ndizochepa.

Malignant mesothelioma amapangidwa m'matumba ochepetsetsa omwe amaphimba mapapo, khoma la chifuwa, mimba, mtima, kapena machende.

Kudziwika ndi asibesitosi kumatha kuyika chiopsezo cha mesothelioma yoyipa.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi malothelioma owopsa agwirapo ntchito kapena amakhala m'malo omwe amapumira kapena kumeza asibesitosi. Pambuyo pokhala ndi asibesitosi, nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti mesothelioma yoyipa ipangidwe. Kukhala ndi munthu yemwe amagwira ntchito pafupi ndi asibesitosi kumayambitsanso matenda a mesothelioma.

Zizindikiro za malothelioma oyipa zimaphatikizapo kupuma pang'ono komanso kupweteka pansi pa nthiti.

Nthawi zina khansara imapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka pachifuwa kapena pamimba. Zizindikiro zimatha chifukwa cha madzimadzi, mesothelioma oyipa, kapena zinthu zina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

  • Kuvuta kupuma.
  • Tsokomola.
  • Ululu pansi pa nthiti.
  • Kupweteka kapena kutupa m'mimba.
  • Zotupa m'mimba.
  • Kudzimbidwa.
  • Mavuto am'magazi (magazi amaundana pomwe sayenera).
  • Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chodziwika.
  • Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

Mayeso omwe amafufuza mkati mwa chifuwa ndi pamimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mesothelioma yoyipa.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mesothelioma yoyipa pachifuwa ndi khansa yamapapo.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mesothelioma yoyipa pachifuwa kapena peritoneum:

  • Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri ya zizolowezi za wodwalayo, kupezeka kwa asibesitosi, ndi matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.
  • X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.
X-ray ya chifuwa. Ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ziwalo ndi mafupa a chifuwa. X-ray imadutsa wodwalayo mu kanema.
  • CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo za chifuwa ndi pamimba, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
  • Biopsy: Kuchotsa maselo kapena ziphuphu kuchokera ku pleura kapena peritoneum kuti athe kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwala kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

Njira zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito kusonkhanitsa maselo kapena ziphuphu zimaphatikizapo izi:

  • Tsamba labwino (FNA) aspiration biopsy of the lung: Kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala. Njira yojambulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze minofu kapena madzi am'mapapo. Khungu laling'ono limatha kupangidwa pakhungu pomwe singano ya biopsy imalowetsedwa munthupi kapena madzimadzi osadziwika, ndipo sampuyo imachotsedwa.
Chida chabwino cha singano chakumapapo. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa pamakina a computed tomography (CT), omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa thupi. Zithunzi za x-ray zimathandiza adotolo kuti awone komwe kuli minofu yachilendo m'mapapu. Singano yolowetsedwa imalowetsedwa kudzera pachifuwa pakhoma ndikupita kumalo am'mapapo osazolowereka. Chidutswa chaching'ono chimachotsedwa kudzera mu singano ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi khansa.
  • Thoracoscopy: Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa pakati pa nthiti ziwiri ndi thoracoscope (chida chowonda, chonga chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera) chimayikidwa pachifuwa.
  • Thoracotomy: Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa pakati pa nthiti ziwiri kuti muwone mkati mwa chifuwa ngati pali matenda.
  • Peritoneoscopy: Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa m'makoma am'mimba ndi peritoneoscope (chida chopyapyala, chonga chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera) amalowetsedwa m'mimba.
  • Tsegulani biopsy: Njira yomwe imadulidwa pakhungu kuti iwonetse ndikuchotsa minyewa kuti muwone ngati pali matenda.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitidwa m'maselo ndi minofu yomwe yatengedwa:

  • Kuyeza kwa Cytologic: Kuyesa kwa maselo pansi pa microscope kuti muwone chilichonse chosazolowereka. Kwa mesothelioma, madzimadzi amatengedwa pachifuwa kapena pamimba. Katswiri wazachipatala amayang'ana zamadzimadzi ngati ali ndi khansa.
  • Immunohistochemistry: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kuti aone ngati ali ndi ma antigen (zolembera) muzitsanzo za minofu ya wodwala. Ma antibodies nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi enzyme kapena utoto wa fulorosenti. Ma antibodies atagwirizana ndi antigen inayake munthawi ya minofu, enzyme kapena utoto umayambitsidwa, ndipo antigen imatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope. Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuzindikira khansa ndikuthandizira kudziwa khansa yamtundu wina wa khansa.
  • Electron microscopy: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe maselo amtundu wa minofu amawonedwa pansi pa microscope yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ayang'ane zosintha m'maselo. Ma microscope yamagetsi amawonetsa zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya maikulosikopu.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Njira zakulosera zamankhwala ndi chithandizo zimadalira izi:

  • Gawo la khansa.
  • Kukula kwa chotupacho.
  • Kaya chotupacho chitha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opareshoni.
  • Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pachifuwa kapena pamimba.
  • Msinkhu wa wodwalayo.
  • Mulingo wazomwe wodwala akuchita.
  • Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo, kuphatikiza m'mapapo ndi mtima.
  • Mtundu wa maselo a mesothelioma ndi momwe amawonekera pansi pa microscope.
  • Chiwerengero cha ma cell oyera ndi hemoglobin wochuluka bwanji m'mwazi.
  • Kaya wodwalayo ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.
  • Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).

Magawo a Malignant Mesothelioma

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Pambuyo pa matenda a mesothelioma atapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.
  • Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
  • Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
  • Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mesothelioma yoyipa yamapapo:
  • Gawo I
  • Gawo II
  • Gawo III
  • Gawo IV
  • Malignant mesothelioma amatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) atachiritsidwa.

Pambuyo pa matenda a mesothelioma atapezeka, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ngati khansa yafalikira kunja kwa pleura kapena peritoneum imatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunika kudziwa ngati khansara yafalikira kuti mukonzekere chithandizo.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:

  • CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo za chifuwa ndi pamimba, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
  • PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
  • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Njira yomwe endoscope imayikidwa mthupi. Endoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Kafukufuku kumapeto kwa endoscope amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphulitsa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri (ultrasound) pamatumba amkati kapena ziwalo ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Njirayi imatchedwanso endosonography. EUS itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera thumba la singano wabwino (FNA) biopsy of the lung, lymph node, kapena madera ena.
Endoscopic yotsogola-singano aspiration aspiration biopsy. Endoscope yomwe ili ndi kafukufuku wa ultrasound ndi singano ya biopsy imayikidwa kudzera pakamwa ndikum'mero. Kafukufukuyu amatulutsa mafunde m'matupi a thupi kuti apange mawonekedwe omwe amapanga sonogram (chithunzi chamakompyuta) chamankhwala omwe ali pafupi ndi kholingo. Sonogram imathandizira dokotala kuwona komwe angayike singano ya biopsy kuti achotse minofu kuchokera ku ma lymph node. Minofu imeneyi imayang'aniridwa ndi maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.
  • Laparoscopy: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yoyang'ana ziwalo zamkati mwa mimba kuti muwone ngati pali matenda. Tizinthu tating'onoting'ono (todulira) timapangidwa pakhoma pamimba ndipo laparoscope (chubu chowonda, chowunikira) imayikidwa mchimodzi mwazinthuzo. Zida zina zitha kulowetsedwa mwanjira yomweyo kapena zina kuti achite njira monga kutenga zitsanzo za minofu kuti zikawunikidwe ndi microscope ngati ali ndi matenda.
  • Lymph node biopsy: Kuchotsa zonse kapena gawo la mwanabele. Katswiri wazachipatala amawona minofu yamagulu pansi pa microscope kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.
  • Mediastinoscopy: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yoyang'ana ziwalo, zotupa, ndi ma lymph node pakati pa mapapo azigawo zosazolowereka. Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa pamwamba pa chifuwa ndipo mediastinoscope imayikidwa m'chifuwa. Mediastinoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu kapena ma lymph node, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi khansa.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

  • Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.
  • Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.
  • Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

  • Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
  • Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mesothelioma yoyipa imafalikira kuubongo, maselo a khansa omwe ali muubongo kwenikweni ndi maselo owopsa a mesothelioma. Matendawa ndi mesasthelioma owopsa, osati khansa yaubongo.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mesothelioma yoyipa yamapapo:

Gawo I

Gawo I lagawika magawo IA ndi IB:

  • Pa gawo IA, khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma pachifuwa mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa imapezekanso chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
  • Chingwe chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimakwirira mapapo.
  • Katundu wochepa thupi yemwe amaphimba ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo.
  • Chingwe chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimakwirira pamwamba pake.
  • Pachigawo cha IB, khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma la chifuwa, ndipo mulimonse pamitundu yopyapyala yomwe imaphimba mapapo, ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo, ndi pamwamba pa chifanizo mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa yafalikiranso chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
  • Zakulera.
  • Mapapu minofu.
  • Minofu pakati pa nthiti ndi mkati mwake mwa khoma lachifuwa.
  • Mafuta m'dera pakati mapapo.
  • Ziphuphu zofewa za khoma la chifuwa.
  • Sac mozungulira mtima.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma pachifuwa mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa imapezekanso chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

  • Chingwe chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimakwirira mapapo.
  • Katundu wochepa thupi yemwe amaphimba ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo.
  • Chingwe chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimakwirira pamwamba pake.

Khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes pakati pa chifuwa mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa monga chotupa.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma la chifuwa, ndipo mulimonse pamitundu yopyapyala yomwe imaphimba mapapo, ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo, ndi pamwamba pa chifundiro mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa yafalikiranso chimodzi kapena zonsezi:

  • Zakulera.
  • Mapapu minofu.

Khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes pakati pa chifuwa mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa monga chotupa.

Gawo III

Gawo lachitatu lagawidwa magawo IIIA ndi IIIB.

  • Pa gawo IIIA, khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma lachifuwa, ndipo mulimonse pamitundu yopyapyala yomwe imaphimba mapapo, ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo, ndi pamwamba pa chifanizo mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa yafalikiranso chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
  • Minofu pakati pa nthiti ndi mkati mwake mwa khoma lachifuwa.
  • Mafuta m'dera pakati mapapo.
  • Ziphuphu zofewa za khoma la chifuwa.
  • Sac mozungulira mtima.

Khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes pakati pa chifuwa mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa monga chotupa.

  • Pa gawo IIIB, khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma pachifuwa, ndipo imapezekanso m'magulu ochepera omwe amaphimba mapapo, ziwalo pakati pa mapapo, ndi / kapena pamwamba pa chifanizo mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Kumbali imodzi ya chifuwa, khansa itha kufalikira chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
  • Zakulera.
  • Mapapu minofu.
  • Minofu pakati pa nthiti ndi mkati mwake mwa khoma lachifuwa.
  • Mafuta m'dera pakati mapapo.
  • Ziphuphu zofewa za khoma la chifuwa.
  • Sac mozungulira mtima.

Khansa yafalikira kumatenda am'mimba pamwamba pa kolala mbali zonse za chifuwa kapena khansa yafalikira kumatenda am'mimba pakati pa chifuwa mbali inayo ya chifuwa ngati chotupacho.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka mkatikati mwa khoma la chifuwa, ndipo mulimonse pamitundu yopyapyala yomwe imaphimba mapapo, ziwalo zapakati pa mapapo, ndi pamwamba pa chifundiro mbali imodzi ya chifuwa. Khansa yafalikiranso ku chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

  • Khoma lachifuwa ndipo limapezeka mu nthiti.
  • Kupyolera mu diaphragm kulowa mu peritoneum.
  • Minofu yokhazikika pachifuwa mbali inayo ya thupi ngati chotupa.
  • Ziwalo zomwe zili mdera lam'mapapo (kum'mero, trachea, thymus, mitsempha).
  • Msana.
  • Kudzera m'thumba lozungulira mtima kapena minofu yamtima.

Khansa ikhoza kufalikira ku ma lymph node.

Gawo IV

Pa gawo IV, khansa yafalikira kumatumba ophimba mapapo kapena mapapo mbali inayo ya chifuwa, peritoneum, mafupa, chiwindi, ma lymph node kunja kwa chifuwa, kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Malignant mesothelioma amatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) atachiritsidwa.

Khansara imatha kubwereranso pachifuwa kapena pamimba kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

  • Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi mesothelioma yoyipa.
  • Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
  • Opaleshoni
  • Thandizo la radiation
  • Chemotherapy
  • Chithandizo chofuna
  • Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
  • Chitetezo chamatenda
  • Chithandizo cha mesothelioma yoyipa chingayambitse zovuta.
  • Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
  • Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
  • Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi mesothelioma yoyipa.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi mesothelioma yoyipa. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu inayi yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Mankhwala otsatirawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mesothelioma yoyipa pachifuwa:

  • Kudandaula kwina konse: Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse khansara ndi ziwalo zina zathanzi.
  • Pleurectomy ndi decortication: Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo lina lophimba m'mapapo ndikulumikiza pachifuwa ndi gawo lina lakunja kwa mapapo.
  • Extrapleural pneumonectomy: Kuchita opareshoni kuti muchotse mapapu amodzi ndi gawo lina la m'chifuwa, diaphragm, ndikutenga kwa thumba mozungulira mtima.
  • Pleurodesis: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena mankhwala kuti apange bala pakatikati pa zigawo za pleura. Chamadzimadzi chimayamba kutulutsidwa mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito catheter kapena chifuwa cha chifuwa ndipo mankhwala kapena mankhwalawo amayikidwa mlengalenga. Zilondazo zimasiya kumangirira kwamadzimadzi m'mimbamo.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chakuthupi ndi khansa. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti muchepetse zizindikiritso ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika mu cerebrospinal fluid, chiwalo, kapena thupi monga chifuwa kapena peritoneum, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (Regional chemotherapy). Mgwirizano wa chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana angapo opatsirana khansa.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mesothelioma yomwe yafalikira ku peritoneum (minofu yomwe imayala pamimba ndikuphimba ziwalo zambiri m'mimba). Dokotalayo akadzachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawoneka, yankho lomwe lili ndi mankhwala oletsa khansa limatenthedwa ndikuponyedwa mkati ndi kunja kwa mimba kupha maselo a khansa omwe atsala. Kutentha kwa mankhwala a khansa kumatha kupha ma cell ambiri a khansa.

Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Malignant Mesothelioma kuti mumve zambiri.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo chomwe mukufuna ndi mtundu wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti azindikire ndikuwukira maselo ena a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizimavulaza maselo wamba kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation.

Mankhwala a monoclonal antibody ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amalimbana nawo. Ma antibodies a monoclonal ndi mapuloteni amthupi omwe amapangidwa mu labotale kuti athetse matenda ambiri, kuphatikiza khansa. Monga chithandizo cha khansa, ma antibodies awa amatha kulumikizana ndi chandamale pamaselo a khansa kapena ma cell ena omwe angathandize ma cell a khansa kukula. Ma antibodies amatha kupha ma cell a khansa, kulepheretsa kukula kwawo, kapena kuwaletsa kuti asafalikire. Ma antibodies a monoclonal amaperekedwa mwa kulowetsedwa. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito okha kapena kunyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo, poizoni, kapena zinthu zowononga radio kupita kuma cell a khansa.

Bevacizumab ndi antioclonal antibody yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mesothelioma yoyipa kwambiri. Amamangidwa ndi puloteni yotchedwa vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Izi zitha kupewetsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano yomwe zotupa zimafunikira kukula. Ma antibodies ena monoclonal amaphunziridwa mu mesothelioma yoyipa.

Kinase inhibitors ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaphunzitsidwa pochiza mesothelioma yoyipa. Kinase inhibitors amalimbana ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa zizindikilo zofunika kuti zotupa zikule.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo kuthana ndi khansa. Zinthu zomwe thupi limapanga kapena zopangidwa mu labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa, kuwongolera, kapena kubwezeretsa chitetezo chamthupi cha khansa. Chithandizo cha khansa ichi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a biologic.

Chithandizo cha mesothelioma yoyipa chingayambitse zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo I Malignant Mesothelioma

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Ngati gawo loyipa la mesothelioma lili m'chigawo chimodzi cha chifuwa, mankhwala atha kukhala awa:

  • Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa gawo la chifuwa chokhala ndi khansa ndi minofu yozungulira.

Ngati gawo loyipa la mesothelioma likupezeka m'malo opitilira chimodzi pachifuwa, chithandizo chitha kukhala chimodzi mwa izi:

  • Pneumonectomy yakunja.
  • Pleurectomy ndi decortication, kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation, ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athe kuchepetsa zizolowezi ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
  • Thandizo la radiation ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse zofooka ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a anticancer omwe adayikidwa pachifuwa atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho.
  • Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizana a maopaleshoni, ma radiation, ndi chemotherapy.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chithandizo chatsopano.

Ngati gawo loyipa la mesothelioma lili mu peritoneal lining, chithandizo chitha kukhala chotsatirachi:

  • Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo la peritoneal lining ndi khansa ndi minofu yozungulira.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo II, Gawo III, kapena Gawo IV Malignant Mesothelioma

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Ngati gawo lachiwiri, gawo lachitatu, kapena gawo IV loyipa mesothelioma likupezeka pachifuwa, chithandizo chitha kukhala chimodzi mwa izi:

  • Kuphatikiza kwa chemotherapy ndi chithandizo chothandizira ndi bevacizumab.
  • Chemotherapy imayikidwa mwachindunji m'chifuwa kuti muchepetse zotupazo komanso kuti madzi asamange.
  • Kuchita opaleshoni kukhetsa madzimadzi omwe asonkhanitsa pachifuwa, kuti athetse vuto la chifuwa ndikusintha moyo. Pleurodesis ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti iwononge madzi ochuluka kuchokera m'chifuwa.
  • Pleurectomy ndi decortication, monga mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
  • Thandizo la radiation ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu.
  • Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizana a maopaleshoni, ma radiation, ndi chemotherapy.

Ngati gawo lachiwiri, gawo lachitatu, kapena gawo IV loyipa mesothelioma likupezeka mu peritoneum, chithandizo chitha kukhala chimodzi mwa izi:

  • Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho kenako ndi hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
  • Chemotherapy imayikidwa mwachindunji mu peritoneum kuti muchepetse chotupacho ndikusunga madzi kuti asamangidwe.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Chithandizo cha Mesothelioma Yachilendo

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa mesothelioma yowonongeka nthawi zonse kungakhale imodzi mwa izi:

  • Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa gawo lina la khoma pachifuwa.
  • Chemotherapy, ngati sichinaperekedwe ngati chithandizo choyambirira.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa immunotherapy.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chithandizo chamankhwala.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.
  • Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa opareshoni.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Malotanti ya Mesothelioma

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza malothelioma owopsa, onani izi:

  • Tsamba Loyipa la Mesothelioma
  • Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Malignant Mesothelioma
  • Immunotherapy Kuchiza Khansa
  • Njira Zochizira Khansa
  • Kuwonetsedwa kwa Asbestos ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

  • Za Khansa
  • Kusinthana
  • Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa
  • Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa
  • Kulimbana ndi khansa
  • Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa
  • Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira


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