Mitundu / mutu-ndi-khosi / wodwala / wamkulu / salivary-England-chithandizo-pdq

Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Salivary Gland (Wamkulu)

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa Ya Salivary Gland

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya gland ya salivary ndimatenda achilendo momwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba am'matumbo.

• Kudziwidwa ndi mitundu ina ya radiation kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamatenda.

• Zizindikiro za khansa yamatenda amate zimaphatikizira chotupa kapena zovuta kumeza.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana mutu, khosi, komanso mkamwa monse mumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya m'matumbo.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudza njira zamankhwala zamankhwala komanso zamankhwala (mwayi wochira).

Khansa ya gland ya salivary ndimatenda achilendo momwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba am'matumbo.

Zotupitsa zamatevary zimapanga malovu ndikutulutsa mkamwa. Malovu ali ndi michere yomwe imathandizira kugaya chakudya ndi ma antibodies omwe amateteza ku matenda am'kamwa ndi kukhosi. Pali mitundu iwiri iwiri yamatenda akulu amate:

• Matenda a Parotid: Awa ndi ma gland akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kutsogolo ndi pansi pamutu uliwonse. Zotupa zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zam'matumbo zimayamba mu England iyi.

• Zilankhulo zochepa: Matendawa amapezeka pansi pa lilime pakamwa.

• Matumbo a Submandibular: Matendawa amapezeka pansi pa nsagwada.

Anatomy of the salivary glands. Magawo atatu akulu amathevu am'matumbo ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timayambira.

Palinso timagulu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono (tating'onoting'ono) tomwe timayala mkamwa, mphuno, ndi kholingo zomwe zimangowoneka ndi maikulosikopu. Zotupa zambiri zamatenda ang'onoang'ono zimayamba mkamwa (padenga pakamwa).

Oposa theka la zotupa zonse zam'matumbo ndizabwino (osati khansa) ndipo sizimafalikira kumatenda ena.

Khansa ya gland ya salivary ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

Kudziwidwa ndi mitundu ina ya radiation kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamatenda.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wopeza matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yambiri yam'matumbo sizidziwika, zifukwa zowopsa ndizo izi:

• Ukalamba.

• Kuchiza ndi mankhwala a radiation kumutu ndi m'khosi.

• Kuwonetsedwa pazinthu zina pantchito.

Zizindikiro za khansa yamatenda amate zimaphatikizira chotupa kapena zovuta kumeza.

Khansa ya gland ya salivary siyingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse. Zitha kupezeka pakuwunika kwamano nthawi zonse kapena mayeso athupi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo kapena mikhalidwe ina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Chotupa (nthawi zambiri chopweteka) m'dera la khutu, tsaya, nsagwada, mlomo, kapena mkamwa.

• Kutulutsa kwamadzi khutu.

• Mavuto kumeza kapena kutsegula pakamwa kwambiri.

• Dzanzi kapena kufooka pankhope.

• Kupweteka kumaso kosachoka.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana mutu, khosi, komanso mkamwa monse mumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya m'matumbo.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyeza kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone ngati pali thanzi labwino. Mutu, khosi, pakamwa, ndi pakhosi awunikidwa ngati ali ndi matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chimawoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.

• Endoscopy: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana ziwalo ndi zotupa mkati mwa thupi kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Kwa khansa yamatenda am'matumbo, endoscope imalowetsedwa mkamwa kuti ayang'ane pakamwa, pakhosi, ndi m'mapapo. Endoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

• Chida chabwino cha singano (FNA) biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala. FNA ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito khansa ya m'matumbo.

• Incopal biopsy: Kuchotsa gawo limodzi kapena mtundu wina wa minofu yomwe sikuwoneka bwino.

• Opaleshoni: Ngati khansa singapezeke kuchokera pachitsanzo cha minofu yomwe idachotsedwa pa FNA biopsy kapena incisional biopsy, misa imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuwunika ngati pali khansa.

Chifukwa chakuti khansa ya m'matumbo imakhala yovuta kuzindikira, odwala ayenera kufunsa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi khansa yamatenda.

Zinthu zina zimakhudza njira zamankhwala zamankhwala komanso zamankhwala (mwayi wochira).

Njira zochiritsira komanso malingaliro ake (mwayi wochira) zimadalira izi:

• Gawo la khansa (makamaka kukula kwa chotupacho).

• Mtundu wamatenda amate omwe khansa ili mkati.

• Mtundu wama cell a khansa (momwe amawonekera pansi pa microscope).

• Msinkhu wa wodwalayo komanso thanzi lake lonse.

Magawo a Khansa Ya Salivary Gland

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Akapezeka ndi khansa yamatenda am'matumbo, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkatikati mwa salivary kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khansa yam'matumbo yomwe imakhudza ma parotid, submandibular, ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono:

• Gawo 0 (carcinoma in situ)

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Zilonda zazing'ono zam'madzi zimapangidwa mosiyana ndi ma parotid, submandibular, ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

Akapezeka ndi khansa yamatenda am'matumbo, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkatikati mwa salivary kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yafalikira m'matope am'matumbo kapena mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya m'matumbo imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo am'mapapo m'mapapo ndimaselo am'matumbo. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, osati khansa ya m'mapapo.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khansa yam'matumbo yomwe imakhudza ma parotid, submandibular, ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono:

Kukula kwa zotupa nthawi zambiri kumayeza masentimita (cm) kapena mainchesi. Zakudya zodziwika bwino zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kukula kwa chotupa mu cm zimaphatikizapo: nsawawa (1 cm), chiponde (2 cm), mphesa (3 cm), mtedza (4 cm), laimu (5 cm kapena 2) mainchesi), dzira (6 cm), pichesi (7 cm), ndi manyumwa (masentimita 10 kapena mainchesi 4).

Gawo 0 (carcinoma in situ)

Pa gawo 0, maselo osazolowereka amapezeka mumakina amatevary kapena timatumba tating'ono tomwe timapanga salivary gland. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino. Gawo 0 limatchedwanso carcinoma in situ.

Gawo I

Pachigawo choyamba, khansa yapanga. Chotupacho chili m'matumbo okhaokha ndipo ndi 2 masentimita kapena ocheperako.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, chotupacho chili m'matumbo okhaokha ndipo ndichachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma osaposa masentimita anayi.

Gawo III

Mu gawo lachitatu, chimodzi mwazi ndi zoona:

• Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita 4 ndipo / kapena khansara yafalikira ku minofu yofewa kuzungulira kwamatumbo; kapena

• Chotupacho ndi kukula kwake ndipo khansa imatha kufalikira kumatenda ofewa kuzungulira gland. Khansara yafalikira ku lymph node imodzi mbali imodzi ya mutu kapena khosi monga chotupacho. Lymph node ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa lymph node.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV lidagawika magawo a IVA, IVB, ndi IVC motere:

• Gawo IVA:

• Khansa yafalikira pakhungu, nsagwada, ngalande ya khutu, ndi / kapena mitsempha ya nkhope. Khansa ikhoza kufalikira ku lymph node imodzi mbali yomweyo ya mutu kapena khosi monga chotupacho. Mphuno ndi masentimita atatu kapena ocheperako ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa mwanabele; kapena

• Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu ndipo khansa itha kufalikira kumatenda ofewa mozungulira khungu kapena khungu, nsagwada, ngalande ya khutu, ndi / kapena mitsempha ya nkhope. Khansa yafalikira:

• kuti mwanabele wina mbali imodzi ya mutu kapena khosi monga chotupacho; mwanayo ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako ndipo khansa yakula kunja kwa mwanabele; kapena

• kuti mwanabele wina mbali imodzi ya mutu kapena khosi monga chotupacho; chotupa chimaposa masentimita atatu koma sichikulirapo kuposa masentimita 6 ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa khungu; kapena

• kuti akhale ndi chotupa chimodzi mbali imodzi yamutu kapena khosi ngati chotupacho; ma lymph node ali masentimita 6 kapena ocheperako ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa ma lymph nodes; kapena

• kuti mwanabele mbali zonse za mutu kapena khosi kapena mbali moyang'anizana chotupa chachikulu; ma lymph node ali masentimita 6 kapena ocheperako ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa ma lymph nodes.

• Gawo IVB:

• Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu ndipo khansa itha kufalikira kumatenda ofewa mozungulira khungu kapena khungu, nsagwada, ngalande ya khutu, ndi / kapena mitsempha ya nkhope. Khansa yafalikira:

• kuti mwanabele wina woposa masentimita 6 ndipo khansa sinakule kunja kwa mwanabele; kapena

• kuti mwanabele wina mbali imodzi ya mutu kapena khosi monga chotupacho; mwanayo ndi wokulirapo kuposa masentimita atatu ndipo khansa yakula kunja kwa khungu; kapena

• kukhala ndi ma lymph node opitilira imodzi mbali imodzi yamutu kapena khosi ngati chotupa, mbali yoyang'anizana ndi chotupa choyambirira, kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu kapena khosi; khansara yakula kunja kwa ma lymph node aliwonse; kapena

• kuti mwanabele wina wamtundu uliwonse wamtundu m'mbali mwa mutu kapena khosi moyang'anizana ndi chotupa choyambirira; khansara yakula kunja kwa mwanabele;

kapena

• Khansara yafalikira pansi pa chigaza ndi / kapena kuzungulira mtsempha wamagazi wa carotid. Khansa imatha kufalikira kumatenda amtundu umodzi kapena angapo amtundu uliwonse pamutu kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu kapena khosi ndipo mwina idakula kunja kwa ma lymph node.

• Gawo IVC:

• Khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapu.

Zilonda zazing'ono zam'madzi zimapangidwa mosiyana ndi ma parotid, submandibular, ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

Matenda ang'onoang'ono am'matumbo (tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayika mkamwa, mphuno, ndi kholingo) khansa imachitika molingana ndi komwe idapangidwa koyamba, monga kamwa kapena zipsinjo.

Khansa Yam'mimba Yam'madzi Yamakono

Khansara yam'matumbo yamatenda mobwerezabwereza ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansa yaposachedwa yamatumbo imatha kubwereranso m'matumbo kapena m'malo ena amthupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.

• Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo akuyenera kukonzedwa ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya mutu ndi khosi.

• Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Othandizira ma Radiosensitizers

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'matumbo chingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo akuyenera kukonzedwa ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya mutu ndi khosi.

Chithandizo chanu chidzayang'aniridwa ndi a oncologist wazamankhwala, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Chifukwa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mate zimathandiza pakudya ndi kupukusa chakudya, odwala angafunike thandizo lapadera kuti azolowere zotsatira zoyipa za khansa ndi chithandizo chake. Katswiri wa oncologist atha kukutumizirani kwa madotolo ena omwe ali ndi luso komanso odziwa kuchiritsa odwala khansa ya mutu ndi khosi komanso omwe amadziwika bwino pamankhwala ena. Izi ndi izi:

• Opanga mutu ndi khosi.

• Wofufuza oncologist.

• Dokotala wamano.

• Wothandizira kulankhula.

• Kudya.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

• Dokotala wa pulasitiki.

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni (kuchotsa khansara mu opaleshoni) ndichithandizo chofala cha khansa ya m'matumbo. Dokotala amatha kuchotsa khansara ndi minofu ina yathanzi. Nthawi zina, lymphadenectomy (opareshoni yomwe ma lymph node amachotsedwa) amathanso kuchitidwa.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chithandizo chama radiation atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

Mankhwala opangira ma radiation kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma radiation amphamvu ku khansa. Makinawo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira wodwalayo, ndikupereka cheza kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana kuti apereke chithandizo chofananira. Chovala chophimba kumaso chimathandiza kuti mutu ndi khosi la wodwalayo zisasunthike akamalandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pachigoba. Zizindikiro za inki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a radiation pamalo omwewo asanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

Mitundu yapadera yama radiation yakunja itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa zam'matumbo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Thandizo la radiation la ma neutron: Thandizo la radiation la Fast ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yakunja kwamphamvu kwambiri. Makina othandizira ma radiation amayang'anira ma neutroni (tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tosaoneka) m'maselo a khansa kuti tiwaphe. Mankhwala achangu a neutron amagwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa x-ray wamankhwala opangira radiation. Izi zimalola kuti mankhwalawa atumizidwe pang'ono.

• Therapy-beam radiation therapy: Photon-beam radiation therapy ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ochokera kunja omwe amafikira zotupa zakuya ndi ma x-ray amphamvu kwambiri opangidwa ndi makina otchedwa linear accelerator. Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati mankhwala owonjezera a radiation, momwe kuchuluka kwa radiation kumagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kangapo patsiku.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'matumbo, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti muchepetse zizindikiritso ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi kuti mumve zambiri. (Khansa ya khansa yam'mimba ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.)

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Othandizira ma Radiosensitizers

Ma Radiosensitizers ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti maselo am'mimba azindikire kwambiri mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza mankhwala a radiation ndi ma radiosensitizers atha kupha ma cell ambiri otupa.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'matumbo chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Njira Zothandizira ndi Gawo

M'chigawo chino

• Gawo I Khansa Ya Salivary Gland

• Khansa Yachiwiri ya Salivary Gland

• Khansa ya Salivary Gland Khansa

• Magawo a IVA, IVB, ndi IVC Khansa ya Gland Salivary Gland

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Gawo I Khansa Ya Salivary Gland

Chithandizo cha khansa yam'matumbo yam'matumbo imadalira ngati khansayo ndiyotsika pang'ono (ikukula pang'onopang'ono) kapena ikukula kwambiri (ikukula msanga).

Ngati khansayo ndi yotsika, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Chithandizo chofulumira cha radiation.

Ngati khansara ili bwino, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala atsopano am'deralo.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Khansa Yachiwiri ya Salivary Gland

Chithandizo cha khansa yachiwiri ya salivary gland chimadalira ngati khansayo ndiyotsika pang'ono (ikukula pang'onopang'ono) kapena yayikulu (ikukula mwachangu).

Ngati khansayo ndi yotsika, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy.

Ngati khansara ili bwino, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Fast neutron kapena photon-beam radiation mankhwala.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a radiation ndi / kapena ma radiosensitizers.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Khansa ya Salivary Gland Khansa

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'matumbo yapa salivary imadalira ngati khansayo ndiyotsika pang'ono (ikukula pang'onopang'ono) kapena ikukula kwambiri (ikukula msanga).

Ngati khansayo ndi yotsika, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena wopanda lymphadenectomy. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwanso pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Mankhwala ofulumira a ma radiation ku ma lymph node omwe ali ndi khansa.

• Chemotherapy.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa ma radiation othamanga a radiation ku chotupacho.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Ngati khansara ili bwino, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kapena wopanda lymphadenectomy. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwanso pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

• Chithandizo chofulumira cha radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse zofooka ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a radiation ndi / kapena ma radiosensitizers.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Magawo a IVA, IVB, ndi IVC Khansa ya Gland Salivary Gland

Kuchiza kwa gawo la IVA, gawo la IVB, ndi khansa ya IVC ya khansa yamatenda imatha kukhala izi:

• Fast neutron kapena photon-beam radiation mankhwala.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Njira Zakuchiritsira Khansa Yam'mimba Yam'madzi Yam'mapapo

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa yamatenda yobwerezabwereza ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chithandizo chatsopano.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya Salivary Gland

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya m'matumbo, onani izi:

• Tsamba Loyambira Khansa Yam'mutu Ndi Khosi

• Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

• Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Head / Neck Radiation

• Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira