Mitundu / mutu-ndi-khosi / wodwala / wamkulu / paranasal-sinus-treatment-pdq

Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) Versi

Zambiri Zokhudza Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Nthenda ya paranasal sinus ndi khansa yam'mphuno yamatenda ndimatenda momwe maselo owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba a paranasal sinus ndi m'mphuno.

• Maselo osiyanasiyana amtundu wa paranasal sinus ndi mphuno amatha kukhala owopsa.

• Kudziwidwa ndi mankhwala kapena fumbi linalake kuntchito kumatha kuonjezera ngozi ya khansa yapakhosi komanso khansa yam'mphuno.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimba zimaphatikizaponso mavuto a sinus ndi magazi a m'mphuno.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana matumbo ndi mphuno kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa ya m'mimbayo.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Nthenda ya paranasal sinus ndi khansa yam'mphuno yamatenda ndimatenda momwe maselo owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba a paranasal sinus ndi m'mphuno.

Matenda a Paranasal

"Paranasal" amatanthauza pafupi ndi mphuno. Ma sin sin ndi mabowo, odzaza ndi mpweya m'mafupa ozungulira mphuno. Zilondazi zimakhala ndi timaselo timene timapanga ntchofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwa mphuno musamaume popuma.

Anatomy of the paranasal sinuses (malo pakati pa mafupa ozungulira mphuno).

Pali ma para sinus angapo omwe adatchulidwa ndi mafupa owazungulira:

• Zilonda zakutsogolo zili pamphumi lakumunsi pamwamba pamphuno.

• Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala m'masaya mwawo mbali zonse za mphuno.

• Matenda a ethmoid ali pambali pamphuno, pakati pa maso.

• Matenda a sphenoid ali kumbuyo kwa mphuno, pakati pa chigaza.

Mphuno

Mphuno imatsegukira m'mphuno, yomwe imagawika magawo awiri amphuno. Mpweya umadutsa munjira izi popuma. Mphuno ya mphuno ili pamwamba pa fupa lomwe limapanga denga la pakamwa ndikukhotera kumbuyo kuti lilowe kummero. Malo omwe ali mkati mwa mphuno amatchedwa khonde la mphuno. Dera laling'ono lamaselo apadera padenga lamakamwa lililonse limatumiza maubongo kuubongo kuti apereke kununkhiza.

Pamodzi ndi zipsera za paranasal ndi zosefera m'mimbamo ndikuwotha mpweya, ndikuupangitsa kukhala wonyowa usanalowe m'mapapu. Kuyenda kwa mpweya kudzera m'matumba ndi mbali zina za makina opumira kumathandizira kupanga phokoso pakulankhula.

Sinus ya Paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yamtundu ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

Maselo osiyanasiyana amtundu wa paranasal sinus ndi mphuno amatha kukhala owopsa.

Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa khansa yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mimbayi ndi squamous cell carcinoma. Khansara yamtunduwu imapangidwa m'maselo ofooka, opyapyala omwe amalowa mkati mwazinyalala za paranasal ndi m'mphuno.

Mitundu ina ya khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayi ndi izi:

• Melanomas: Khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo otchedwa melanocytes, maselo omwe amapatsa khungu mtundu wachilengedwe.

• Sarcomas: Khansa yomwe imayambira minofu kapena yolumikizana.

• Kusokoneza ma papillomas: Zotupa zopweteka zomwe zimapanga m'mphuno. Chiwerengero chochepa cha izi chimasintha kukhala khansa.

• Midline granulomas: Khansa ya ziphuphu mkati mwa nkhope.

Kudziwidwa ndi mankhwala kapena fumbi linalake kuntchito kumatha kuonjezera ngozi ya khansa yapakhosi komanso khansa yam'mphuno.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zowopsa za khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimbamo ndi izi:

• Kupezeka ndi mankhwala kapena fumbi linalake kuntchito, monga omwe amapezeka pantchito zotsatirazi:

• Kupanga mipando.

• Ntchito yocheka matabwa.

• Kupala matabwa (ukalipentala).

• Kupanga nsapato.

• Zitsulo zokutira.

• Mphero kapena ntchito yophika buledi.

• Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV).

• Kukhala wamwamuna komanso wamkulu kuposa zaka 40.

• Kusuta.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimba zimaphatikizaponso mavuto a sinus ndi magazi a m'mphuno.

Izi ndi zizindikilo ndi zina zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimbamo kapena zina. Sipangakhale zisonyezo kumayambiriro. Zizindikiro zimatha kuoneka ngati chotupacho chimakula. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Ma sinus oletsedwa omwe samveka bwino, kapena kuthamanga kwa sinus.

• Kupweteka kwa mutu kapena kupweteka m'malo am'machimo.

• Mphuno yotuluka.

• Kutulutsa magazi m'mphuno.

• Chotupa kapena chilonda mkati mwa mphuno chomwe sichichira.

• Kutupa kumaso kapena padenga pakamwa.

• Dzanzi kapena kumva kulasalasa pankhope.

• Kutupa kapena vuto lina ndi maso, monga kuwona kawiri kapena maso kuloza mbali zosiyanasiyana.

• Zowawa m'mano akum'mwamba, mano otayirira, kapena mano ovekera omwe sakukhalanso bwino.

• Kupweteka kapena kupanikizika khutu.

Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana matumbo ndi mphuno kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa ya m'mimbayo.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi kwa mphuno, nkhope, ndi khosi: Kuyeza komwe dokotala amayang'ana m'mphuno ndi kalilole kakang'ono, kogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali kuti awone malo osalongosoka ndikuyang'ana nkhope ndi khosi ngati zotupa kapena zotupa zotupa.

• X-ray ya mutu ndi khosi: X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikulowa mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera amkati mwa thupi.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Pali mitundu itatu ya biopsy:

• Zabwino-singano aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala.

• Zosokoneza bongo: Kuchotsa gawo lina la minyewa yomwe sikuwoneka bwino.

• Chidwi chodabwitsa: Kuchotsa gawo lonse la minyewa yomwe sikuwoneka bwino.

• Nasoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa mphuno m'malo osadziwika. Nasoscope imayikidwa mphuno. Nasoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Chida chapadera pa nasoscope chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zitsanzo za minofu. Zoyesazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ndi wodwala kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

• Laryngoscopy: Njira yomwe dokotala amafufuzira kholingo (mawu amawu) ndi galasi kapena laryngoscope kuti aone ngati ali ndi vuto. Laryngoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera mkatikati mwa pakhosi ndi mawu amawu. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ili ndi khansa.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Njira zakulosera zamankhwala ndi chithandizo zimadalira izi:

• Kumene chotupacho chili m'mphuno kapena m'mphuno komanso ngati chafalikira.

• Kukula kwa chotupacho.

• Mtundu wa khansa.

• Msinkhu wa wodwalayo komanso thanzi lake lonse.

• Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).

Khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno nthawi zambiri imafalikira panthawi yomwe imapezeka ndipo imavuta kuchiza. Mukalandira chithandizo, kutsata pafupipafupi komanso mosamala ndikofunikira chifukwa pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga khansa yachiwiri pamutu kapena m'khosi.

Magawo a Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pambuyo popezeka ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwazinyalala zam'mimba ndi zam'mimbazi kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya sphenoid ndi sinus yakutsogolo.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya sinus maxillary:

• Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yam'mphuno ndi khansa ya ethmoid sinus:

• Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, gawo la khansa limatha kusintha ndipo pamafunika chithandizo china.

Pambuyo popezeka ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwazinyalala zam'mimba ndi zam'mimbazi kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira mkati mwazinyalala zam'mphuno komanso m'mimbamo yam'mimbamo kapena mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:

• Endoscopy: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana ziwalo ndi zotupa mkati mwa thupi kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Endoscope imalowetsedwa kudzera potsegula m'thupi, monga mphuno kapena pakamwa. Endoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu kapena ma lymph node, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi matenda.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

• X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) yokhala ndi gadolinium: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo zazomwe zili mkati mwa thupi. Nthawi zina chinthu chotchedwa gadolinium chimalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Gadolinium imasonkhanitsa mozungulira maselo a khansa kuti athe kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.

• Kujambula mafupa: Njira yowunika ngati pali magawo omwe amagawa mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa, m'mafupa. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowononga nyukiliya zimasonkhanitsa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo imadziwika ndi sikani.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa yam'mimbayo imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo am'mapapo m'mapapo ndimaselo am'mimba am'mimba. Matendawa ndi khansa yam'mimba yam'mimba, osati khansa yamapapu.

Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya sphenoid ndi sinus yakutsogolo.

Zithunzi zomwe zafotokozedwera pansipa pazamasamba a maxillary ndi ethmoid ndi m'mphuno zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe alibe ma lymph nodes m'khosi atachotsedwa ndikuyang'ana ngati ali ndi khansa

Kukula kwa zotupa nthawi zambiri kumayeza masentimita (cm) kapena mainchesi. Zakudya zodziwika bwino zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kukula kwa chotupa mu cm zimaphatikizapo: nsawawa (1 cm), chiponde (2 cm), mphesa (3 cm), mtedza (4 cm), laimu (5 cm kapena 2) mainchesi), dzira (6 cm), pichesi (7 cm), ndi manyumwa (masentimita 10 kapena mainchesi 4).

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya sinus maxillary:

Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

Mu gawo la 0, maselo osadziwika amapezeka m'matumbo omwe amakhala pachimake. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino. Gawo 0 limatchedwanso carcinoma in situ.

Gawo I

Pachigawo choyamba ine, khansa yapangidwa m'matumbo a maxillary sinus.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, khansa yafalikira mpaka fupa mozungulira sinus maxillary, kuphatikiza padenga pakamwa ndi mphuno, koma osati fupa kumbuyo kwa sinus maxillary kapena gawo la fupa la sphenoid kuseri kwa nsagwada.

Gawo III

Mu gawo lachitatu, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Fupa kumbuyo kwa sinus maxillary.

• Ziphuphu pansi pa khungu.

• Gawo lalingano lamaso pafupi ndi mphuno kapena pansi pa sokeni la diso.

• Malo kumbuyo kwa fupa la tsaya.

• Nthendayi ya ethmoid.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka mumtambo wa maxillary ndipo itha kufalikira ku izi:

• Mafupa ozungulira sinus maxillary, kuphatikiza padenga pakamwa ndi mphuno.

• Ziphuphu pansi pa khungu.

• Gawo lalingano lamaso pafupi ndi mphuno kapena pansi pa sokeni la diso.

• Malo kumbuyo kwa fupa la tsaya.

• Nthendayi ya ethmoid.

Khansara yafalikiranso kumatope amodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa, ndipo mwanayo ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV lidagawika magawo IVA, IVB, ndi IVC.

Gawo IVA

Mu gawo la IVA, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Diso.

• Khungu la tsaya.

• Gawo la fupa la sphenoid kuseri kwa nsagwada.

• Malo kumbuyo kwa chibwano chapamwamba.

• Fupa pakati pa maso.

• Sphenoid kapena sinus yakutsogolo.

Khansa imafalikiranso ku khungu limodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa, ndipo lymph node ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka mumtambo wa maxillary ndipo itha kufalikira ku izi:

• Mafupa ozungulira sinus maxillary, kuphatikiza padenga pakamwa ndi mphuno.

• Fupa pakati pa maso.

• Ziphuphu pansi pa khungu.

• Khungu la tsaya.

• Diso, gawo la thumba la diso pafupi ndi mphuno, kapena pansi pa chingwe chachiso.

• Malo kumbuyo kwa fupa la tsaya.

• Gawo la fupa la sphenoid kuseri kwa nsagwada.

• Malo kumbuyo kwa chibwano chapamwamba.

• Ethmoid, sphenoid, kapena sinus yakutsogolo.

Khansa yafalikiranso ku imodzi mwa izi:

• Mbali ina yammbali kumbali imodzi ya khosi monga khansa ndi mwanayo ndi yayikulu kuposa masentimita atatu koma osakulirapo kuposa masentimita 6; kapena

• ma lymph node opitilira imodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa ndi ma lymph node sizaposa masentimita 6; kapena

• Ma lymph nodes mbali inayo ya khosi ngati khansa kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi, ndipo ma lymph node sali akulu kuposa masentimita 6.

Gawo IVB

Mu gawo la IVB, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Malo omwe ali kuseri kwa diso.

• Ubongo.

• Mbali yapakati ya chigaza.

• Minyewa yomwe imayamba muubongo ndikupita kumaso, khosi, ndi mbali zina zaubongo (misempha yaminyewa).

• Gawo lakumtunda kwa kukhosi kumbuyo kwa mphuno.

• Pansi pa chigaza pafupi ndi msana.

Khansa itha kufalikira ku ma lymph node amodzi kapena angapo amtundu uliwonse, kulikonse m'khosi.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka kulikonse mkati kapena pafupi ndi sinus maxillary. Khansara yafalikira kumalo am'mimba omwe ndi akulu kuposa masentimita 6 kapena afalikira kupyola kunja kwa lymph node m'matumba oyandikana nawo.

Gawo IVC

Mu gawo la IVC, khansa imapezeka kulikonse kapena pafupi ndi sinus ya maxillary, itha kufalikira ku ma lymph node, ndipo yafalikira ku ziwalo zomwe zili kutali ndi sinus maxillary, monga mapapu.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yam'mphuno ndi khansa ya ethmoid sinus:

Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

Pa gawo 0, maselo osadziwika amapezeka m'matumbo omwe amakhala m'mimbamo yamphongo kapena ethmoid sinus. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino. Gawo 0 limatchedwanso carcinoma in situ.

Gawo I

Pachigawo choyamba ine, khansara yakhazikitsidwa ndipo imapezeka m'dera limodzi lokha la mphuno kapena sinus ya ethmoid ndipo imafalikira mpaka fupa.

Gawo II

Gawo lachiwiri, khansa imapezeka m'malo awiri amphuno kapena sinus ya ethmoid yomwe ili pafupi, kapena khansa yafalikira kudera lina pafupi ndi matopewo. Khansa itha kufalikira mpaka fupa.

Gawo III

Mu gawo lachitatu, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Gawo lalingano lamaso pafupi ndi mphuno kapena pansi pa sokeni la diso.

• Nthiti ya maxillary.

• Denga la pakamwa.

• Fupa pakati pa maso.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka m'mphuno kapena ethmoid sinus ndipo imatha kufalikira ku izi:

• Gawo lalingano lamaso pafupi ndi mphuno kapena pansi pa sokeni la diso.

• Nthiti ya maxillary.

• Denga la pakamwa.

• Fupa pakati pa maso.

Khansara yafalikiranso kumatope amodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa, ndipo mwanayo ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV lidagawika magawo IVA, IVB, ndi IVC.

Gawo IVA

Mu gawo la IVA, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Diso.

• Khungu la mphuno kapena tsaya.

• Mbali zakutsogolo za chigaza.

• Gawo la fupa la sphenoid kuseri kwa nsagwada.

• Sphenoid kapena sinus yakutsogolo.

Khansa imafalikiranso ku khungu limodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa, ndipo lymph node ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka m'mphuno kapena ethmoid sinus ndipo imatha kufalikira ku izi:

• Diso, gawo la thumba la diso pafupi ndi mphuno, kapena pansi pa chingwe chachiso.

• Khungu la mphuno kapena tsaya.

• Mbali zakutsogolo za chigaza.

• Gawo la fupa la sphenoid kuseri kwa nsagwada.

• Sphenoid kapena sinus yakutsogolo.

Khansa yafalikiranso ku imodzi mwa izi:

• Mbali ina yammbali kumbali imodzi ya khosi monga khansa ndi mwanayo ndi yayikulu kuposa masentimita atatu koma osakulirapo kuposa masentimita 6; kapena

• ma lymph node opitilira imodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati khansa ndi ma lymph node sizaposa masentimita 6; kapena

• Ma lymph nodes mbali inayo ya khosi ngati khansa kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi, ndipo ma lymph node sali akulu kuposa masentimita 6.

Gawo IVB

Mu gawo la IVB, khansa yafalikira ku izi:

• Malo omwe ali kuseri kwa diso.

• Ubongo.

• Mbali yapakati ya chigaza.

• Minyewa yomwe imayamba muubongo ndikupita kumaso, khosi, ndi mbali zina zaubongo (misempha yaminyewa).

• Gawo lakumtunda kwa kukhosi kumbuyo kwa mphuno.

• Pansi pa chigaza pafupi ndi msana.

Khansa itha kufalikira ku ma lymph node amodzi kapena angapo amtundu uliwonse, kulikonse m'khosi.

kapena

Khansa imapezeka kulikonse mkati kapena pafupi ndi mphuno ndi mphuno ya ethmoid. Khansara yafalikira kumalo am'mimba omwe ndi akulu kuposa masentimita 6 kapena afalikira kupyola kunja kwa lymph node m'matumba oyandikana nawo.

Gawo IVC

Mu gawo la IVC, khansa imapezeka kulikonse mkati kapena pafupi ndi mphuno ndi ethmoid sinus, itha kufalikira ku ma lymph node, ndipo yafalikira ku ziwalo zomwe zili kutali ndi mphuno ndi sinus ya ethmoid, monga mapapu.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, gawo la khansa limatha kusintha ndipo pamafunika chithandizo china.

Khansayo ikachotsedwa mwa kuchitidwa opareshoni, wodwala matenda amafufuza nyemba za khansa pansi pa microscope. Nthawi zina, kuwunikiridwa kwa adotolo kumabweretsa kusintha kwa khansa ndipo chithandizo chambiri chimafunikira pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

Khansa Yaposachedwa ya Paranasal ndi Cancer ya Nasal Cavity

Khansa yapadera yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimba ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansara imatha kubwereranso kumatumba a paranasal komanso m'mphuno kapena m'mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayo.

• Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno ayenera kukonzekera kuti adziwe zamankhwala ndi gulu la madokotala odziwa kuchiza khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

• Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Kuchiza khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayo kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayo.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayo. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno ayenera kukonzekera kuti adziwe zamankhwala ndi gulu la madokotala odziwa kuchiza khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

Chithandizochi chidzayang'aniridwa ndi a oncologist wazachipatala, dokotala yemwe amachita bwino ntchito yothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Odwala oncologist amagwira ntchito ndi madotolo ena omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza odwala khansa ya mutu ndi khosi komanso omwe amachita mbali zina zamankhwala ndi kukonzanso. Odwala omwe ali ndi sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yamphongo angafunikire thandizo lapadera kuti azolowere zovuta zakupuma kapena zovuta zina za khansa ndi chithandizo chake. Ngati minofu yambiri kapena fupa lozungulira matupi a paranasal kapena m'mphuno latulutsidwa, opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ikhoza kuchitidwa kukonza kapena kumanganso malowo. Gulu lazachipatala lingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa:

• Wofufuza oncologist.

• Katswiri wa zamagulu.

• Dokotala wochita opaleshoni pakamwa kapena wochita opaleshoni yamutu ndi khosi.

• Dokotala wa pulasitiki.

• Dokotala wamano.

• Katswiri wazakudya.

• Olankhula komanso olankhula zilankhulo.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni (kuchotsa khansa mu opareshoni) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira magawo onse a sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimba yam'mimba. Dokotala amatha kuchotsa khansara ndi minofu ndi mafupa athanzi mozungulira khansa. Khansara ikafalikira, adokotala amatha kuchotsa ma lymph node ndi ziwalo zina m'khosi.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa. Mankhwala okwanira a radiation nthawi zina amagawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ofanana omwe amaperekedwa kwamasiku angapo. Izi zimatchedwa kupatukana.

Mankhwala opangira ma radiation kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma radiation amphamvu ku khansa. Makinawo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira wodwalayo, ndikupereka cheza kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana kuti apereke chithandizo chofananira. Chovala chophimba kumaso chimathandiza kuti mutu ndi khosi la wodwalayo zisasunthike akamalandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pachigoba. Zizindikiro za inki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a radiation pamalo omwewo asanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Mankhwala akunja amkati ndi amkati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira sinus ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mphuno.

Mankhwala ochokera kunja kwa ma chithokomiro kapena ma pituitary gland amatha kusintha momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito. Mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi amatha kuyezetsa magazi asanachitike komanso atalandira chithandizo.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Kuphatikiza kwa chemotherapy ndi chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ambiri opatsirana khansa.

Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi kuti mumve zambiri. (Khansa ya Paranasal ndi khansa yam'mphuno yamtundu ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.)

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala . Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Kuchiza khansa ya paranasal ndi khansa yam'mimbayo kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo I Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa siteji yoyamba ya khansa yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mphuno kumatengera komwe khansa imapezeka m'matumba a paranasal ndi m'mimbamo yam'mimba:

• Ngati khansara ili mumtambo wa maxillary, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Ngati khansara ili mu sinmo ya ethmoid, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo cha radiation komanso / kapena opaleshoni.

• Ngati khansara ili mu sinus spidoid, chithandizo chimafanana ndi khansa ya nasopharyngeal, nthawi zambiri mankhwala a radiation. (Onani chidule cha pa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) kuti mumve zambiri.)

• Ngati khansara ili m'mphuno, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni ndi / kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Pogwiritsa ntchito ma papillomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Kwa melanomas ndi sarcomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy.

• Kwa ma granulomas apakati, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo chama radiation.

• Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo II Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha siteji yachiwiri ya paranasal sinus ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimba zimadalira komwe khansa imapezeka m'matumba a paranasal ndi m'mphuno:

• Ngati khansara ili mumtambo wa maxillary, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo champhamvu kwambiri cha radiation usanachitike kapena pambuyo pake.

• Ngati khansara ili mu sinmo ya ethmoid, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo cha radiation komanso / kapena opaleshoni.

• Ngati khansara ili mu sinus spidoid, chithandizo chimafanana ndi khansa ya nasopharyngeal, nthawi zambiri mankhwala a radiation kapena chemotherapy. (Onani chidule cha pa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) kuti mumve zambiri.)

• Ngati khansara ili m'mphuno, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni ndi / kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Pogwiritsa ntchito ma papillomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

• Kwa melanomas ndi sarcomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy.

• Kwa ma granulomas apakati, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo chama radiation.

• Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo lachitatu la Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa gawo lachitatu la paranasal sinus ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimbazi zimadalira komwe khansa imapezeka m'matumba a paranasal ndi m'mphuno.

Ngati khansa ili mumtambo wa maxillary, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa asanachitike kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya radiation asanafike kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinmo ethmoid, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy atatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinus spidoid, chithandizo chimafanana ndi khansa ya nasopharyngeal, nthawi zambiri mankhwala a radiation kapena chemotherapy. (Onani chidule cha pa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) kuti mumve zambiri.)

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni ndi / kapena radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy atatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma papillomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

Mankhwala a melanomas ndi sarcomas, atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Opaleshoni, radiation radiation, ndi chemotherapy.

Kwa ma granulomas apakati, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo chama radiation.

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja ndi / kapena chithandizo chama radiation mkati kapena popanda opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy atatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Gawo IV Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha siteji IV ya paranasal sinus ndi khansa yam'mphuno yam'mimbayi zimadalira komwe khansa imapezeka m'matumba a paranasal ndi m'mphuno.

Ngati khansa ili mumtambo wa maxillary, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Mankhwala a radiation ofunikira kwambiri popanda opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinmo ethmoid, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Thandizo la radiation asanafike kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinus spidoid, chithandizo chimafanana ndi khansa ya nasopharyngeal, nthawi zambiri mankhwala a radiation kapena chemotherapy. (Onani chidule cha pa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) kuti mumve zambiri.)

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni ndi / kapena radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala ophatikizira chemotherapy atatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma papillomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

Mankhwala a melanomas ndi sarcomas, atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy.

Kwa ma granulomas apakati, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo chama radiation.

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation lakunja ndi / kapena chithandizo chama radiation mkati kapena popanda opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy asanafike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china cha khansa.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yam'madzi Yam'madzi Yophatikizika ndi Khansa ya Nasal Cavity

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Kuchiza kwa khansa yamphongo yabwinobwino ndi khansa yam'mphuno kumatengera komwe khansa imapezeka m'mitsempha ya paranasal ndi m'mphuno.

Ngati khansa ili mumtambo wa maxillary, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni yotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Thandizo la radiation lotsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni.

• Chemotherapy ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinmo ethmoid, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni ndi / kapena radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Ngati khansara ili mu sinus spidoid, chithandizo chimafanana ndi khansa ya nasopharyngeal ndipo imatha kuphatikizira mankhwala a radiation kapena chemotherapy. (Onani chidule cha pa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Wamkulu) kuti mumve zambiri.)

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni ndi / kapena radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma papillomas, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa opaleshoni kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation.

Mankhwala a melanomas ndi sarcomas, atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni.

• Chemotherapy ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kwa ma granulomas apakati, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chithandizo chama radiation.

Ngati khansa ili m'mphuno, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Opaleshoni ndi / kapena radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy ngati mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse vuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Paranasal Sinus ndi Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mimbamo, onani izi:

• Tsamba Loyambira Khansa Yam'mutu Ndi Khosi

• Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Head / Neck Radiation

• Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

• Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

• Fodya (kuphatikizapo chithandizo chosiya)

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira