Types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/metastatic-squamous-neck-treatment-pdq

Khansa Yapamtima Ya Metastatic Squamous Neck Yachipatala Yoyambira (Achikulire) Version

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Khosi ya Metastatic squamous yokhala ndi Zamatsenga Zamatsenga

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansara yam'mimba yam'mimbayi yomwe imakhala ndi zamatsenga ndimatenda pomwe khansa yama squamous imafalikira kumatenda am'mitsempha ndipo sichidziwika komwe khansara idayamba m'thupi.

• Zizindikiro za khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga zimaphatikizapo chotupa kapena kupweteka pakhosi kapena pakhosi.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana minyewa yapakhosi, njira yopumira, ndi kumtunda kwa kagayidwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya khosi yolimba ya khosi ndi chotupa choyambirira.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansara yam'mimba yam'mimbayi yomwe imakhala ndi zamatsenga ndimatenda pomwe khansa yama squamous imafalikira kumatenda am'mitsempha ndipo sichidziwika komwe khansara idayamba m'thupi.

Maselo osakanikirana ndi ofooka, maselo atambalala omwe amapezeka m'matumba omwe amapanga khungu ndi zotupa za thupi monga pakamwa, ziwalo zopanda pake monga chiberekero ndi mitsempha yamagazi, komanso gawo la kupuma (kupuma) ndi mathirakiti am'mimba . Ziwalo zina zokhala ndi ma squamous cell ndimmero, mapapo, impso, ndi chiberekero. Khansa imayamba m'maselo osokoneza bongo kulikonse mthupi ndikumasula (kufalikira) kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymph system kumadera ena a thupi.

Khansa yama cell squamous imafalikira kumatenda am'mitsempha kapena mozungulira kolala, amatchedwa khansa yam'mimba yam'mero. Dokotala ayesa kupeza chotupa chachikulu (khansa yomwe idayamba m'thupi), chifukwa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'matumbo ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chithandizo cha chotupa choyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, khansara yam'mapapo ikafalikira m'khosi, maselo a khansa m'khosi amakhala maselo am'mapapo am'mapapo ndipo amathandizidwa chimodzimodzi khansa ya m'mapapo. Nthawi zina madotolo samapeza komwe m'thupi khansa idayamba kukula. Pamene mayeso sangapeze chotupa choyambirira, amatchedwa chotupa (chobisika) chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri, chotupa choyambirira sichipezeka.

Zizindikiro za khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga zimaphatikizapo chotupa kapena kupweteka pakhosi kapena pakhosi.

Funsani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi chotupa kapena kupweteka m'khosi kapena kummero komwe sikungathe. Izi ndi zizindikilo zina zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa yapakhosi yayikulu yamatsenga yamatsenga. Zinthu zina zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwezo.

Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana minyewa yapakhosi, njira yopumira, ndi kumtunda kwa kagayidwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya khosi yolimba ya khosi ndi chotupa choyambirira.

Kuyesa kudzaphatikizaponso kuyang'ana chotupa choyambirira m'ziwalo ndi zotupa za m'mapapo (gawo la trachea), kumtunda kwa gawo logaya chakudya (kuphatikiza milomo, pakamwa, lilime, mphuno, pakhosi, zingwe zamawu, ndi gawo la kum'mero), ndi dongosolo la genitourinary.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyeza kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi, makamaka mutu ndi khosi, kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwala kapena kuyesedwa mu labotale kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

Mitundu itatu ya biopsy ikhoza kuchitidwa:

• Zabwino-singano aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala.

• Core singano biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yayikulu.

• Chisankho chodabwitsa: Kuchotsa mtanda wonse wa minofu.

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa maselo kapena minofu:

• Tonsillectomy: Opaleshoni kuchotsa matani onse.

• Endoscopy: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana ziwalo ndi zotupa mkati mwa thupi kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Endoscope imalowetsedwa kudzera pakameta (khungu) pakhungu kapena potsegula mthupi, monga pakamwa kapena mphuno. Endoscope ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chotsitsira minofu yachilendo kapena ma lymph node, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi matenda. Mphuno, mmero, kumbuyo kwa lilime, ezophagus, m'mimba, bokosi lamawu, chopumira, ndi njira zazikulu zoyendetsera ndege ziziwunikidwa.

Chiyeso chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi za labotale zitha kuchitidwa kuti muphunzire za izi:

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kuti aone ngati ali ndi ma antigen (zolembera) munthawi yamagazi a wodwalayo kapena m'mafupa. Ma antibodies nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi enzyme kapena utoto wa fulorosenti. Ma antibodies amamanga antigen m'mwazi kapena m'mafupa, enzyme kapena utoto umayambitsidwa, ndipo antigen imatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope. Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuzindikira khansa ndikuthandizira kudziwa khansa yamtundu wina wa khansa.

• Ma microscopy owala ndi ma elekitironi: Kuyesedwa komwe ma cell amtundu wa minofu amawonedwa ndi microscopic yanthawi zonse komanso yamphamvu kwambiri kuti asinthe kusintha m'maselo.

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ndi human papillomavirus (HPV) test: Chiyeso chomwe chimayang'ana maselo muzitsanzo za EBV ndi HPV DNA.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira. Thupi lonse la PET ndi CT scan zimachitika nthawi yomweyo kuti tifufuze komwe khansara idayamba. Ngati pali khansa, izi zimawonjezera mwayi woti zipezeke.

Kuzindikira kwa chotupa choyambirira chamatsenga kumachitika ngati chotupa choyambirira sichipezeka poyesedwa kapena kuchipatala.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala zimadalira izi:

• Chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa ma lymph node omwe ali ndi khansa mwa iwo.

• Kaya khansara yayankha kuchipatala kapena yabwereranso (kubwerera).

• Ndizosiyana bwanji ndi maselo amtundu wa khansa omwe amawoneka pansi pa microscope.

• Msinkhu wa wodwalayo komanso thanzi lake lonse.

Chithandizo chimadaliranso izi:

• Khansa yomwe ili mkati mwa khosi.

• Kaya pali zotupa zina.

Choyambirira

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pambuyo papezeka khansa yayikulu yam'khosi yamatsenga yomwe imakhala ndi zamatsenga, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Pambuyo papezeka khansa yayikulu yam'khosi yamatsenga yomwe imakhala ndi zamatsenga, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Zotsatira zamayesero ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndi kupeza chotupa choyambirira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya khosi yolimba yomwe imakhala ndi zamatsenga. Zotupazo zimafotokozedwa kuti sizinachiritsidwe kapena zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Khansa ya khosi yam'mimba yosachiritsika yomwe imayamba ndi zamatsenga ndi khansa yomwe yapezeka kumene ndipo sinalandiridwepo, kupatula kuthetsa zizindikilo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa Yam'mimba Yamtendere Yobowoleza Kwambiri

Khansa yapakhosi yam'mimba yamatenda oyambira ndi zamatsenga ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (itabwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansara imatha kubwereranso m'khosi kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga.

• Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chemotherapy

• Mankhwala othandizira ma radiation

• Chithandizo cha khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga zoyambira zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni kungaphatikizepo kusweka kwa khosi. Pali mitundu ingapo yosokoneza khosi, kutengera kuchuluka kwa minofu yomwe imachotsedwa.

• Kutsekeka kwapakhosi kwakukulu: Kuchita opareshoni kuti muchotse minyewa mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi pakati pa nsagwada ndi kolala, kuphatikiza izi:

• Ma lymph lymph onse.

• Mitsempha ya jugular.

• Minofu ndi mitsempha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda nkhope, khosi, ndi phewa, kulankhula, ndi kumeza.

Wodwala angafunike chithandizo cham'mero, pakhosi, paphewa, ndi / kapena mkono atagawanika khosi. Kutsekeka kwapakhosi kwakukulu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito khansa ikafalikira m'khosi.

• Kusandulika kwapakhosi kwakukulu: Opaleshoni kuti muchotse ma lymph node mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi osachotsa minofu ya m'khosi. Mitsempha ndi / kapena mtsempha wamtundu ukhoza kuchotsedwa.

• Kugawanika pakhosi pang'ono: Kuchita maopaleshoni kuti muchotse zina mwa zotupa m'khosi. Izi zimatchedwanso kusankha kusokoneza khosi.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoni, odwala ena amatha kupatsidwa chithandizo chama radiation atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa atachitidwa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansayo ibwereranso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

Mankhwala opangira ma radiation kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma radiation amphamvu ku khansa. Makinawo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira wodwalayo, ndikupereka cheza kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana kuti apereke chithandizo chofananira. Chovala chophimba kumaso chimathandiza kuti mutu ndi khosi la wodwalayo zisasunthike akamalandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pachigoba. Zizindikiro za inki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a radiation pamalo omwewo asanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

Njira zina zoperekera mankhwala a radiation zitha kuthandiza kuti ma radiation asawononge minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi. Mtundu uwu wa ma radiation ungaphatikizepo izi:

• Mphamvu ya radiation-modulated radiation (IMRT): IMRT ndi mtundu wa 3-dimensional (3-D) mankhwala othandizira ma radiation omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kupanga zithunzi za kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chotupacho. Mitsinje yoonda ya mphamvu zosiyanasiyana (mphamvu) imapangidwira chotupacho m'makona ambiri. Chithandizo chamtunduwu sichimayambitsa mkamwa wouma, kuvutika kumeza, ndi kuwononga khungu.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yapakhosi yama squamous ndimaphunziro oyambira.

Thandizo la radiation pakhosi lingasinthe momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro mthupi musanalandire chithandizo komanso mukamayesedwa nthawi zonse mukalandira chithandizo.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera).

Mankhwala othandizira ma radiation

Hyperfractionated radiation mankhwala ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amtundu wakunja omwe mankhwala ochepetsa kuposa tsiku lililonse amagawika magawo awiri ndipo mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kawiri patsiku. Mankhwala othandizira ma radiation amaperekedwa munthawi yomweyo (masiku kapena masabata) monga mankhwala wamba.

Chithandizo cha khansa yapakhosi yama squamous yokhala ndi zamatsenga zoyambira zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Njira Zothandizira Kuchiza Khansa Yam'mimba Yam'magazi Okhazikika ndi Zamatsenga Zamatsenga

M'chigawo chino

• Khansa Yapamwala Yopanda Metastatic Squamous Neck Yoyambira

• Khansa Yam'mimba Yamtendere Yobowoleza Kwambiri

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Khansa Yapamwala Yopanda Metastatic Squamous Neck Yoyambira

Chithandizo cha khansa ya khosi yosasamalidwa yomwe imapangidwa ndi zamatsenga izi ndi izi:

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation lotsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy ndikutsatiridwa ndi radiation radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy yoperekedwa nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala owonjezera a radiation.

• Ziyeso zamankhwala zamankhwala atsopano.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Khansa Yam'mimba Yamtendere Yobowoleza Kwambiri

Chithandizo cha khansa yam'mimba yam'mimbayi yamatsenga yamatsenga nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwazachipatala.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya khosi ya metastatic squamous khosi ndi zamatsenga zamatsenga

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa yam'mimba yam'mimbayi yomwe imachita zamatsenga, onani izi:

• Carcinoma Wosadziwika Woyamba Tsamba Loyamba

• Tsamba Loyambira Khansa Yam'mutu Ndi Khosi

• Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Head / Neck Radiation

• Khansa ya Metastatic

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira