Types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq

Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal (Wamkulu)

Zambiri Za Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal ndi matenda omwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangidwa m'matumba a hypopharynx.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya komanso kumwa kwambiri kumatha kuyika chiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya hypopharyngeal zimaphatikizapo zilonda zapakhosi komanso khutu.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana pakhosi ndi khosi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuzindikira khansa ya hypopharyngeal ndikupeza ngati khansayo yafalikira.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal ndi matenda omwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangidwa m'matumba a hypopharynx.

Hypopharynx ndiye gawo lakumunsi kwa pharynx (mmero). Pharynx ndimachubu yopanda kanthu pafupifupi mainchesi 5 kutalika komwe kumayambira kumbuyo kwa mphuno, kutsika khosi, ndikumaliza pamwamba pa trachea (windpipe) ndi esophagus (chubu chomwe chimachokera pakhosi kupita kumimba). Mpweya ndi chakudya zimadutsa kholingo panjira yopita ku trachea kapena kummero.

Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal imapangika m'matumba a hypopharynx (pansi pammero). Zitha kufalikira kumatumba oyandikira kapena ku cartilage kuzungulira chithokomiro kapena trachea, fupa pansi pa lilime (hyoid bone), chithokomiro, trachea, kholingo, kapena kholingo. Ikhozanso kufalikira ku ma lymph node m'khosi, mtsempha wama carotid, ziwalo kuzungulira gawo lakumtunda kwa msana, kuyika pachifuwa, ndi mbali zina za thupi (zosawonetsedwa).

Khansa zambiri zam'magazi zimapangidwa m'maselo oopsa, maselo ofooka, omwe amakhala mkati mwa hypopharynx. Hypopharynx ili ndi magawo atatu osiyanasiyana. Khansa imapezeka m'malo amodzi kapena ambiri.

Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya komanso kumwa kwambiri kumatha kuyika chiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Kusuta fodya.

• Kutafuna fodya.

• Kumwa mowa kwambiri.

• Kudya chakudya chopanda zakudya zokwanira.

• Kukhala ndi matenda a Plummer-Vinson.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya hypopharyngeal zimaphatikizapo zilonda zapakhosi komanso khutu.

Izi ndi zizindikilo zina zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa yam'magazi kapena zinthu zina. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Pakhosi pakhungu lomwe silichoka.

• Kumva khutu.

• Chotupa pakhosi.

• Zowawa kapena zovuta kumeza.

• Kusintha kwa mawu.

Kuyesa komwe kumayang'ana pakhosi ndi khosi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuzindikira khansa ya hypopharyngeal ndikupeza ngati khansayo yafalikira.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyesa pakhosi pathupi: Kuyesa komwe dokotala amamva kuti ali ndi zotupa m'khosi ndi kuyang'ana pansi pakhosi ndi galasi laling'ono, lalitali kuti aone ngati ali ndi vuto.

• Kuyesa kwamitsempha: Mafunso ndi mayeso angapo owunika ubongo, msana, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha. Mayesowa amawunika momwe munthu amaganizira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angayendere bwino, komanso momwe minofu, mphamvu, ndi malingaliro zimagwirira ntchito. Izi amathanso kutchedwa mayeso a neuro kapena mayeso a neurologic.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane madera amkati mwa thupi, monga mutu, khosi, chifuwa, ndi ma lymph node, otengedwa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Kujambula kwa tomography (CT) pamutu ndi khosi. Wodwalayo amagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa mu makina a CT, omwe amatenga zithunzi za x-ray zamkati mwa mutu ndi khosi.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira. PET scan ndi CT scan zitha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimatchedwa PET-CT.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, komanso kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo zamkati mwa thupi, monga mutu, khosi, chifuwa, ndi ma lymph node. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Endoscopy: Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana mbali zapakhosi zomwe sizimawoneka ndi kalilole poyesa pakhosi. Endoscope (chubu chopyapyala, chowala) imalowetsedwa kudzera m'mphuno kapena mkamwa kuti muwone pakhosi ngati pali china chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Zitsanzo zamatenda zingatengeredwe kukayezetsa magazi.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

• Kujambula mafupa: Njira yowunika ngati pali magawo omwe amagawa mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa, m'mafupa. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowononga nyukiliya zimasonkhanitsa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo imadziwika ndi sikani.

• Barium esophagogram: X-ray yam'mero. Wodwalayo amamwa madzi omwe amakhala ndi barium (siliva yoyera yachitsulo). Madziwo amavala kum'mero ​​ndi ma x-ray amatengedwa.

• Esophagoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa kholingo kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Khola (chubu chofiyira, chowala) chimalowetsedwa kudzera mkamwa kapena mphuno ndikutsika pakhosi mpaka kummero. Zitsanzo zamatenda zingatengeredwe kukayezetsa magazi.

• Bronchoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa trachea ndi mayendedwe akulu am'mapapo m'malo osazolowereka. Bronchoscope (chubu chowonda, chowunikira) imayikidwa kudzera pamphuno kapena pakamwa mu trachea ndi mapapu. Zitsanzo zamatenda zingatengeredwe kukayezetsa magazi.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) zimatengera izi:

• Gawo la khansa (ngakhale limakhudza gawo la hypopharynx, limakhudzanso hypopharynx yonse, kapena lafalikira m'malo ena mthupi). Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal nthawi zambiri imawonekera pakapita nthawi chifukwa zizindikiro zoyambirira sizimachitika.

• Zaka za wodwala, jenda, komanso thanzi.

• Malo a khansa.

• Kaya wodwalayo amasuta nthawi ya radiation.

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira izi:

• Gawo la khansa.

• Kuthandiza wodwalayo kuti azitha kuyankhula, kudya, komanso kupuma mwachibadwa momwe angathere.

• Thanzi labwino la wodwalayo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa yachiwiri pamutu kapena m'khosi. Kutsata mobwerezabwereza komanso mosamala ndikofunikira.

Magawo a Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya hypopharyngeal itapezeka, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa hypopharynx kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya hypopharyngeal:

• Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

• Gawo I

• Gawo II

• Gawo III

• Gawo IV

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, gawo la khansa limatha kusintha ndipo pamafunika chithandizo china.

Khansa ya hypopharyngeal itapezeka, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mkati mwa hypopharynx kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yafalikira mkati mwa hypopharynx kapena mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Zomwe amapeza kuchokera pakukonzekera zimatsimikizira gawo la matendawa. Ndikofunika kudziwa gawo la matendawa kuti mukonzekere chithandizo. Zotsatira za mayeso ena ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa ya hypopharyngeal nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhazikitsa matendawa.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya hypopharyngeal imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo a khansa m'mapapo alidi maselo am'magazi am'magazi. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, osati khansa yamapapo.

Magawo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya hypopharyngeal:

Gawo lofotokozedwa pansipa limangogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe alibe ma lymph node m'khosi atachotsedwa ndikuyang'ana ngati ali ndi khansa.

Gawo 0 (Carcinoma mu Situ)

Pa gawo 0, maselo osadziwika amapezeka mumayendedwe a hypopharynx. Maselo achilendowa amatha kukhala khansa ndikufalikira m'minyewa yabwinobwino. Gawo 0 limatchedwanso carcinoma in situ.

Kukula kwa zotupa nthawi zambiri kumayeza masentimita (cm) kapena mainchesi. Zakudya zodziwika bwino zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kukula kwa chotupa mu cm zimaphatikizapo: nsawawa (1 cm), chiponde (2 cm), mphesa (3 cm), mtedza (4 cm), laimu (5 cm kapena 2) mainchesi), dzira (6 cm), pichesi (7 cm), ndi manyumwa (masentimita 10 kapena mainchesi 4).

Gawo I

Pachigawo choyamba, khansa yapanga gawo limodzi lokha la hypopharynx ndipo / kapena chotupacho chili 2 sentimita kapena ocheperako.

Gawo II

Mu gawo lachiwiri, chotupacho ndi:

• wopezeka m'malo oposera amodzi a hypopharynx kapena mdera lapafupi; kapena

• chokulirapo kuposa masentimita awiri koma osakulirapo kuposa masentimita 4 ndipo sichinafalikire kumphako (mawu bokosi).

Gawo III

Mu gawo lachitatu, chotupacho:

• ndi yayikulu kuposa masentimita 4 kapena yafalikira kummero (mawu amawu) kapena mucosa (mkati mwake) wa kum'mero. Khansa ikhoza kufalikira ku lymph node imodzi mbali yomweyo ya khosi monga chotupacho. Lymph node yokhudzidwayo ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako; kapena

• zafalikira ku khungu limodzi mbali imodzi ya khosi monga chotupacho. Lymph node yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi masentimita atatu kapena yaying'ono. Khansa imapezekanso:

• m'dera limodzi lokha la hypopharynx ndi / kapena chotupacho chili masentimita awiri kapena ocheperako; kapena

• m'malo opitilira gawo limodzi la hypopharynx kapena malo oyandikana nawo, kapena chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma osaposa masentimita 4 ndipo sichinafalikire kumphako.

Gawo IV

Gawo IV lidagawika magawo a IVA, IVB, ndi IVC motere:

• Mu gawo la IVA, chotupacho:

• wafalikira ku khungwa la chithokomiro, fupa pamwamba pa khungu la chithokomiro, chithokomiro, chofufumitsa chozungulira trachea, minofu ya kholingo, kapena minofu yapafupi ndi minofu ya m'khosi. Khansara itha kufalikira ku lymph node imodzi mbali yomweyo ya khosi monga chotupacho. Lymph node yokhudzidwayo ndi 3 masentimita kapena ocheperako; kapena

• imapezeka mu hypopharynx ndipo ikhoza kufalikira ku khungwa la chithokomiro, fupa pamwamba pa khungu la chithokomiro, chithokomiro, chofufumitsa chozungulira trachea, kholingo, kapena minofu yapafupi ndi minofu ya m'khosi. Khansa yafalikira ku chimodzi mwa izi:

• mwanabele wina mbali imodzi ya khosi ngati chotupacho. Matenda amtunduwu amakula kuposa masentimita atatu koma osaposa masentimita 6; kapena

• kuposa ma lymph node kulikonse m'khosi. Ma lymph node omwe akhudzidwa ndi masentimita 6 kapena ocheperako.

• Mu gawo la IVB, chotupacho:

• atha kukhala kukula kulikonse komanso khansa itafalikira kumtunda wa chithokomiro, fupa pamwamba pa khungwa la chithokomiro, chithokomiro, chofufumitsa chozungulira trachea, kholingo, kapena minofu yapafupi ndi minofu ya m'khosi. Khansara yafalikira kumalo am'mimba omwe ndi akulu kuposa masentimita 6 kapena afalikira kupyola kunja kwa lymph node m'minyewa yoyandikana nayo; kapena

• yafalikira ku minyewa yolumikizira minofu yolumikizira gawo la msana, malo ozungulira mtsempha wa carotid, kapena dera pakati pa mapapo. Khansa itha kufalikira ku ma lymph node m'khosi.

• Pa gawo la IVC, khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo, chiwindi, kapena fupa.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, gawo la khansa limatha kusintha ndipo pamafunika chithandizo china.

Khansayo ikachotsedwa mwa kuchitidwa opareshoni, wodwala matenda amafufuza nyemba za khansa pansi pa microscope. Nthawi zina, kuwunikiridwa kwa adotolo kumabweretsa kusintha kwa khansa ndipo chithandizo chambiri chimafunikira pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

Khansa Yaposachedwa ya Hypopharyngeal

Khansa yaposachedwa ya hypopharyngeal ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansara imatha kubwerera ku hypopharynx kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal.

• Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya hypopharyngeal chingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya hypopharyngeal. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni (kuchotsa khansara mu opaleshoni) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira magawo onse a khansa ya hypopharyngeal. Njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Laryngopharyngectomy: Opaleshoni yochotsa kholingo (mawu amawu) ndi gawo la kholingo (pakhosi).

• Laryngopharyngectomy yapadera: Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo la kholingo ndi gawo la pharynx. Laryngopharyngectomy pang'ono imalepheretsa kutayika kwa mawu.

• Kutsekeka kwa khosi: Kuchita opareshoni kuchotsa ma lymph node ndi ziwalo zina m'khosi.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

Mankhwala opangira ma radiation kunja kwa mutu ndi khosi. Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma radiation amphamvu ku khansa. Makinawo amatha kuzungulira mozungulira wodwalayo, ndikupereka cheza kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana kuti apereke chithandizo chofananira. Chovala chophimba kumaso chimathandiza kuti mutu ndi khosi la wodwalayo zisasunthike akamalandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pachigoba. Zizindikiro za inki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makina a radiation pamalo omwewo asanalandire chithandizo chilichonse.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya hypopharyngeal.

Thandizo la radiation lingagwire ntchito bwino kwa odwala omwe asiya kusuta asanayambe kulandira chithandizo. Mankhwala ochokera kunja kwa ma chithokomiro kapena ma pituitary gland amatha kusintha momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito. Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro mthupi lanu kumatha kuchitika musanachitike komanso mutalandira mankhwala kuti mutsimikizire kuti chithokomiro chikuyenda bwino.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena poyimitsa ma cell kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chotupacho musanachite opareshoni kapena chithandizo chama radiation. Izi zimatchedwa neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Onani Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi kuti mumve zambiri. (Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal ndi mtundu wa khansa yamutu ndi khosi.)

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya hypopharyngeal chingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Kwa khansa ya hypopharyngeal, kutsatira kuti muwone ngati mukubwerezanso kuyenera kukhala ndi mayeso osamalitsa mutu ndi khosi kamodzi pamwezi mchaka choyamba mutatha mankhwala, miyezi iwiri iliyonse mchaka chachiwiri, miyezi itatu iliyonse mchaka chachitatu, komanso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake .

Njira Zothandizira ndi Gawo

M'chigawo chino

• Gawo I Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

• Gawo lachiwiri la khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

• Gawo lachitatu la khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

• Gawo la Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Gawo I Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

Chithandizo cha siteji I khansa ya hypopharyngeal ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Laryngopharyngectomy ndi khosi limang'ambika kapena popanda mankhwala owonjezera a radiation ku ma lymph node a khosi.

• Matenda a laryngopharyngectomy omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe alibe mbali zonse za khosi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Gawo lachiwiri la khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

Chithandizo cha siteji yachiwiri ya khansa ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Laryngopharyngectomy ndi kusweka kwa khosi. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa musanachitike kapena pambuyo pake.

• Laryngopharyngectomy pang'ono. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa musanachitike kapena pambuyo pake.

• Chemotherapy yoperekedwa mkati kapena pambuyo pa radiation kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi ma radiation kapena opaleshoni.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Gawo lachitatu la khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

Chithandizo cha siteji yachitatu ya khansa ya hypopharyngeal ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation asanafike kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Chemotherapy yoperekedwa mkati kapena pambuyo pa radiation kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni komanso / kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy yoperekedwa nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa opaleshoni komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy yoperekedwa nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala a radiation.

Kuchiza ndikutsata gawo lachitatu la khansa yam'magazi ndizovuta ndipo zimayang'aniridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri omwe ali ndi luso lotha kuchiza khansa yamtunduwu. Ngati hypopharynx yonse itachotsedwa, wodwala angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yapulasitiki ndi chithandizo china chapadera pakupuma, kudya, ndi kulankhula.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Gawo la Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Chithandizo cha magawo a khansa ya IVA, IVB, ndi IVC yomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation asanafike kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni komanso / kapena mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa opaleshoni komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy yoperekedwa nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala a radiation.

Chithandizo cha opareshoni ndikutsata gawo la khansa ya hypopharyngeal ndi yovuta ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri odziwa zambiri komanso odziwa kuchiza khansa yamtunduwu. Ngati hypopharynx yonse itachotsedwa, wodwala angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yapulasitiki ndi chithandizo china chapadera pakupuma, kudya, ndi kulankhula.

Chithandizo cha magawo a khansa ya IVA, IVB, ndi IVC yomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ingaphatikizepo izi:

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy yoperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ngati mankhwala a radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Njira Zothandizira Kuchiza Khansa Yaposachedwa ndi Metastatic Hypopharyngeal

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya hypopharyngeal yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera) kapena yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi itha kuphatikizira izi:

• Opaleshoni.

• Thandizo la radiation.

• Chemotherapy.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya Hypopharyngeal

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya m'mitsempha, onani izi:

• Tsamba Loyambira Khansa Yam'mutu Ndi Khosi

• Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Head / Neck Radiation

• Mankhwala Ovomerezeka a Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

• Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

• Fodya (kuphatikizapo chithandizo chosiya)

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira