Types/extragonadal-germ-cell/patient/extragonadal-treatment-pdq

Mtundu wa Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors Treatment

Zambiri Zokhudza Ziphuphu Zam'madzi za Extragonadal Germ

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Zotupa za majeremusi a Extragonadal zimapangidwa kuchokera ku kukula kwa umuna kapena maselo amazai omwe amayenda kuchokera ku ma gonads kupita kumadera ena a thupi.

• Zaka ndi jenda zimatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha zotupa zama cell za extragonadal.

• Zizindikiro za zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal zimaphatikizapo kupuma komanso kupweteka pachifuwa.

• Kujambula ndi kuyezetsa magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire (kupeza) ndikuzindikira zotupa zama cell za extragonadal.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Zotupa za majeremusi a Extragonadal zimapangidwa kuchokera ku kukula kwa umuna kapena maselo amazai omwe amayenda kuchokera ku ma gonads kupita kumadera ena a thupi.

"Extragonadal" amatanthauza kunja kwa ma gonads (ziwalo zogonana). Maselo omwe amayenera kupanga umuna m'matumbo kapena mazira m'mimba mwake amapita mbali zina za thupi, amatha kukula kukhala zotupa zamagulu ang'onoang'ono. Zotupa izi zimatha kuyamba kumera kulikonse m'thupi koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi ziwalo monga peal gland muubongo, mu mediastinum (dera pakati pa mapapo), kapena ku retroperitoneum (khoma lakumbuyo kwa mimba).

Zotupa za majeremusi a Extragonadal zimapangidwa m'mbali zina za thupi kupatula ma gonads (machende kapena thumba losunga mazira). Izi zimaphatikizanso peal gland muubongo, mediastinum (dera pakati pa mapapo), ndi retroperitoneum (khoma lakumbuyo kwa mimba).

Zotupa za majeremusi a Extragonadal zimatha kukhala zoyipa (zopanda khansa) kapena zoyipa (khansa). Zotupa zamagulu a Benign extragonadal zotchedwa benign teratomas. Izi ndizofala kwambiri kuposa zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal cell ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri.

Zotupa zazing'ono zotchedwa extragonadal cell zotupa zimagawika m'magulu awiri, nonseminoma ndi seminoma. Nonseminomas amakonda kukula ndikufalikira mofulumira kuposa masemina. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimayambitsa zizindikilo. Ngati sachiritsidwe, zotupa zamagulu owopsa a extragonadal cell zimafalikira m'mapapu, ma lymph node, mafupa, chiwindi, kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamatenda am'magazi m'mimba mwake ndi machende, onani mwachidule zotsatirazi za :

• Chithandizo cha Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Chithandizo

• Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Testicular

Zaka ndi jenda zimatha kukhudza chiwopsezo cha zotupa zama cell za extragonadal. Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiopsezo sizitanthauza kuti mutenga khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zowopsa za zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal cell ndi awa:

• Kukhala wamwamuna.

• Kukhala wazaka 20 kapena kupitirira.

• Kukhala ndi matenda a Klinefelter.

Zizindikiro za zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal zimaphatikizapo kupuma komanso kupweteka pachifuwa.

Zilonda zam'mimba zotupa zowopsa zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zikamakula kumadera oyandikana nawo. Zinthu zina zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwezo. Funsani dokotala ngati muli ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa.

• Mavuto opumira.

• Tsokomola.

• Malungo.

• Mutu.

• Sinthani zizolowezi zamatumbo.

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

• Kuvuta kuyenda.

• Vuto lakuwona kapena kusuntha maso.

Kujambula ndi kuyezetsa magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire (kupeza) ndikuzindikira zotupa zama cell za extragonadal.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Machende amatha kuwunika ngati ali ndi zotupa, kutupa, kapena kupweteka. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa seramu: Njira yomwe magazi amayesedwa kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo, ziwalo, kapena zotupa m'thupi. Zinthu zina zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ikapezeka m'magazi ochulukirapo. Izi zimatchedwa zolembera zotupa. Zizindikiro zitatu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira chotupa cha majeremusi a extragonadal:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-anthu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Magazi a zotupa amathandizira kudziwa ngati chotupacho ndi seminoma kapena nonseminoma.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.

Nthawi zina CT scan ndi PET scan zimachitika nthawi yomweyo. Kujambula kwa PET ndi njira yopezera maselo oyipa amthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira. PET scan ndi CT scan zikachitika nthawi yomweyo, zimatchedwa PET-CT.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Mtundu wa biopsy womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatengera komwe chotupa cha majeremusi a extragonadal chimapezeka.

• Chisankho chodabwitsa: Kuchotsa mtanda wonse wa minofu.

• Incopal biopsy: Kuchotsa gawo limodzi kapena chotupa cha mnofu.

• Core biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yayikulu.

• Zabwino-singano aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Kuchotsa minofu kapena madzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala zimadalira izi:

• Kaya chotupacho ndi nonseminoma kapena seminoma.

• Kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe kuli mthupi.

• Magazi a AFP, β-hCG, ndi LDH.

• Kaya chotupacho chafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

• Momwe chotupacho chimayankhira kuchipatala choyambirira.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chachitika (kubwerera).

Magawo a Ziphuphu Zam'madzi za Extragonadal Germ

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pambuyo papezeka chotupa cha majeremusi a extragonadal cell, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magulu olosera otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotupa zamagulu a extragonadal:

• Kulosera bwino

• Kutulutsa kwapakatikati

• Matenda osokoneza bongo

Pambuyo papezeka chotupa cha majeremusi a extragonadal cell, amayesedwa kuti apeze ngati maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zina za thupi. Kukula kapena kufalikira kwa khansa nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa ngati magawo. Pazotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal cell, magulu olosera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa magawo. Zotupazo zagawidwa molingana ndi momwe khansara ikuyembekezeredwa kuthana ndi chithandizo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa gulu lamankhwala kuti mukonzekere chithandizo.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupacho chimakhala chotupa chimodzimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chotupa cha majeremusi chotchedwa extragonadal cell chimafalikira mpaka m'mapapo, zotupa m'mapapo kwenikweni ndi ma virus a khansa. Matendawa ndi chotupa cha majeremusi a extragonadal cell, osati khansa yamapapo.

Magulu olosera otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotupa zamagulu a extragonadal:

Kulosera bwino

Nonseminoma extragonadal cell chotupa chiri mgulu labwino ngati:

• chotupacho chili kumbuyo kwa mimba; ndipo

• chotupacho sichinafalikire ku ziwalo zina kupatula mapapo; ndipo

• kuchuluka kwa zolembera zotupa AFP ndi β-hCG ndizabwinobwino ndipo LDH ndiyoposa pang'ono yachibadwa.

Chotupa cha majeremusi chotchedwa seminoma extragonadal cell chotupa chimakhala mgulu labwino ngati:

• chotupacho sichinafalikire ku ziwalo zina kupatula mapapo; ndipo

• mlingo wa AFP ndi wabwinobwino; β-hCG ndi LDH zitha kukhala pamlingo uliwonse.

Kutulutsa kwapakatikati

Chotupa cha majeremusi cha nonseminoma extragonadal cell chili mgulu lamankhwala ngati:

• chotupacho chili kumbuyo kwa mimba; ndipo

• chotupacho sichinafalikire ku ziwalo zina kupatula mapapo; ndipo

• mlingo wa chotupa chilichonse (AFP, β-hCG, kapena LDH) chimaposa pang'ono kuposa zachilendo.

Chotupa cha majeremusi chotchedwa seminoma extragonadal cell chotupa chili mgulu lamankhwala ngati:

• chotupacho chafalikira ku ziwalo zina kupatula mapapo; ndipo

• mlingo wa AFP ndi wabwinobwino; β-hCG ndi LDH zitha kukhala pamlingo uliwonse.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Chotupa cha majeremusi cha nonseminoma extragonadal cell chili mgulu lodziwitsa anthu ngati:

• chotupacho chili pachifuwa; kapena

• chotupacho chafalikira ku ziwalo zina kupatula mapapo; kapena

• mulingo wa chotupa chilichonse (AFP, β-hCG, kapena LDH) ndiwokwera.

Seminoma extragonadal germ cell chotupa ilibe gulu loyipa.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zamagulu a extragonadal cell.

• Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Opaleshoni

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi tsinde lama cell

• Chithandizo cha zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zamagulu a extragonadal cell.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zama cell a extragonadal. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba. Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiritsa seminoma.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikayikidwa mwachindunji mu cerebrospinal fluid, chiwalo, kapena thupi monga pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Opaleshoni

Odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zabwino kapena chotupa chotsalira pambuyo pa chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiation angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi tsinde lama cell

Mlingo waukulu wa chemotherapy umaperekedwa kuti uphe ma cell a khansa. Maselo athanzi, kuphatikiza maselo opanga magazi, nawonso amawonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Kuika timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi chithandizo m'malo mwa maselo omwe amapanga magazi. Maselo otchedwa stem cells (maselo a magazi osakhwima) amachotsedwa m'magazi kapena m'mafupa a wodwalayo kapena woperekayo ndipo amaundana ndi kusungidwa. Wodwalayo akamaliza chemotherapy, maselo osungidwa amasungunuka ndikubwezeretsedwanso mwa kulowetsedwa. Maselo amtundu wobwezeretsansowa amakula (ndikubwezeretsanso) maselo amthupi.

Chithandizo cha zotupa za majeremusi a extragonadal chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala obwera chifukwa cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati vuto lanu lasintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (bwererani). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Pambuyo pochiza koyambirira kwa zotupa zamagulu a extragonadal cell, kuchuluka kwa magazi a AFP ndi zina zotupa zimapitilizabe kufufuzidwa kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito.

Njira Zothandizira Pazotupa za Cell Cell za Extragonadal

M'chigawo chino

• Benign Teratoma

• Seminoma

• Nonseminoma

• Zotupitsa Zowonongeka Zowonongeka kapena Zowonongeka

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Benign Teratoma

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa a teratomas ndi opaleshoni.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Seminoma

Chithandizo cha zotupa za majeremusi zotchedwa seminoma extragonadal cell chingakhale ndi izi:

• Thandizo la radiation kwa zotupa zazing'ono m'dera limodzi, kenako ndikudikirira ndikudikirira ngati pali chotupa chatsalira mutalandira chithandizo.

• Chemotherapy kwa zotupa zazikulu kapena zotupa zomwe zafalikira. Ngati chotupa chochepa kuposa masentimita atatu chikatsalira pambuyo pa chemotherapy, kudikira kotsatila kumatsatira. Ngati chotupa chachikulu chimatsalira mutalandira chithandizo, opaleshoni kapena kuyembekezera mwachidwi kumatsatira.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Nonseminoma

Chithandizo cha zotupa za majeremusi a nonseminoma extragonadal cell chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuphatikiza kwa chemotherapy kutsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupa chilichonse chomwe chatsala.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chithandizo chatsopano.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Recurrent or Refractory Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Treatment of extragonadal germ cell tumors that are recurrent (come back after being treated) or refractory (do not get better during treatment) may include the following:

• Chemotherapy.

• A clinical trial of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant.

• A clinical trial of a new treatment.

Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.

To Learn More About Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

For more information from the National Cancer Institute about extragonadal germ cell tumors, see the Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Home Page.

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Kusinthana

• Chemotherapy and You: Kuthandiza Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Khansa

• Thandizo la Radiation ndi Inu: Thandizo kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khansa

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira