Types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq
Zamkatimu
- 1 Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Esophageal Cancer (®) -Patient Version
- 1.1 Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Mimba Yotupa Ana
- 1.2 Magawo a Khansa ya Esophageal ya Ana
- 1.3 Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule
- 1.4 Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Esophageal ya Ana
- 1.5 Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yapafupipafupi ya Esophageal Cancer
- 1.6 Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Esophageal Cancer
- 1.7 Za Chidule cha
Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Esophageal Cancer (®) -Patient Version
Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Mimba Yotupa Ana
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Khansa ya Esophageal ndi matenda omwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangidwa m'matumbo.
- Kukhala ndi gastroesophageal Reflux kapena Barrett esophagus kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba.
- Zizindikiro za khansa yotupa imatha kukhala ndi vuto kumeza komanso kuwonda.
- Mayeso omwe amayesa kum'mero amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kupeza khansa ya m'mimba.
- Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).
Khansa ya Esophageal ndi matenda omwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangidwa m'matumbo.
M'mero ndi chubu chopanda pake, chaminyewa chomwe chimasunthira chakudya ndi madzi kuchokera pakhosi kupita kumimba. Khoma la kummero limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo, kuphatikiza ma mucous membrane, minofu, ndi matupi olumikizirana. Zotupa zambiri zam'mimba mwa ana zimayambira m'maselo oonda, atambalala omwe amayenda mkati mwa kholingo (lotchedwa squamous cell carcinoma la kum'mero) ndikufalikira kunja kudzera mbali zina zikamakula. Zotupa zina zam'mimba zimayambira m'matumbo otsekemera am'mero (otchedwa adenocarcinoma of the esophagus).
Zotupa za Esophageal zitha kukhala zoyipa (osati khansa) kapena zoyipa (khansa).
Kukhala ndi gastroesophageal Reflux kapena Barrett esophagus kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba.
Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mimba ndi izi:
- Kukhala ndi Reflux ya gastroesophageal.
- Kukhala ndi khola la Barrett.
- Kumeza mankhwala, omwe amatha kuwotcha.
Zizindikiro za khansa yotupa imatha kukhala ndi vuto kumeza komanso kuwonda.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilozi zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa yam'mimba kapena matenda ena.
Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:
- Vuto kumeza.
- Kuchepetsa thupi.
- Hoarseness ndi chifuwa.
- Kudzimbidwa ndi kutentha pa chifuwa.
- Kusanza ndi mikwingwirima yamagazi.
- Kupunduka kwa magazi mu sputum (ntchofu zinakhosomola kuchokera m'mapapu).
Mayeso omwe amayesa kum'mero amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kupeza khansa ya m'mimba.
Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.
- X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
- PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mawailesi, komanso kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za kholingo. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound: Njira yomwe mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) amachotsedwa pamatumba kapena ziwalo zamkati ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Chithunzicho chimatha kusindikizidwa kuti chiwonedwe pambuyo pake.
- Kumeza kwa Barium: Ma x-ray angapo am'mero ndi m'mimba. Wodwalayo amamwa madzi omwe amakhala ndi barium (siliva yoyera yachitsulo). Madziwo amaphimba kumimba ndi m'mimba, ndipo ma x-ray amatengedwa. Njirayi imatchedwanso mndandanda wapamwamba wa GI.
- Esophagoscopy: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa kholingo kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Olophagoscope imalowetsedwa kudzera mkamwa kapena mphuno ndikutsika pakhosi mpaka kummero. Chikhodzodzo ndi chida chopyapyala, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ili ndi khansa. Biopsy nthawi zambiri imachitika panthawi yopuma. Nthawi zina biopsy imawonetsa kusintha kwam'mero komwe si khansa koma kumatha kubweretsa khansa.
- Bronchoscopy: Ndondomeko yoyang'ana mkati mwa trachea ndi njira yayikulu yamapapo m'mapapo m'malo osazolowereka. Bronchoscope imayikidwa kudzera pamphuno kapena pakamwa mu trachea ndi mapapu. Bronchoscope ndi chida chochepa, chokhala ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ili ndi khansa.
- Thoracoscopy: Njira yochitira opaleshoni yoyang'ana ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa chifuwa kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Chodulira (chodulidwa) chimapangidwa pakati pa nthiti ziwiri ndipo thoracoscope imayikidwa m'chifuwa. Thoracoscope ndi chida choonda ngati chubu chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala owonera. Ikhozanso kukhala ndi chida chothandizira kuchotsa minofu kapena ma lymph node, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati ali ndi khansa. Nthawi zina njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa gawo la kholingo kapena mapapo.
Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).
Kulosera kumatengera izi:
- Mtundu wa khansa ya m'mimba (squamous cell kapena adenocarcinoma).
- Kaya khansayo idachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opareshoni.
- Kaya khansa yapezeka kumene kapena yabwereranso (bwererani).
Khansara yotupa m'mimba ndi yovuta kuchiza chifukwa nthawi zambiri singathe kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.
Magawo a Khansa ya Esophageal ya Ana
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya m'mimba ya ana.
- Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
- Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya m'mimba ya ana.
Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansara yafalikira kuchokera kumero kupita kumadera oyandikira kapena mbali zina za thupi amatchedwa staging. Palibe njira yokhazikika yokhazikitsira khansa ya ana yotupa. Zotsatira za mayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti apeze khansa ya m'mimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupanga zisankho zamankhwala.
Nthawi zina khansa yam'mutu imabwereranso (imabwereranso) italandira chithandizo. Khansara imatha kubwereranso kummero kapena mbali zina za thupi itachiritsidwa.
Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.
Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:
- Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.
- Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.
- Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.
Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.
Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.
- Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
- Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.
Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansara yam'mimba imafalikira m'mapapu, maselo am'mapapo m'mapapo ndima khansa yam'mimba. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, osati khansa yamapapu.
Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa ana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba.
- Ana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya ana.
- Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Opaleshoni
- Thandizo la radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
- Chithandizo chofuna
- Kuchiza khansa ya m'mimba ya ana kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta.
- Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
- Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
- Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa ana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba.
Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.
Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
Ana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya ana.
Chithandizo chidzayang'aniridwa ndi oncologist wa ana, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Katswiri wa oncologist amagwira ana ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo a ana omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa komanso omwe amadziwika bwino pamankhwala ena. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa ndi ena:
- Dokotala wa ana.
- Dokotala wa ana.
- Wofufuza oncologist.
- Wodwala.
- Katswiri wa namwino wa ana.
- Wogwira ntchito.
- Katswiri wokonzanso.
- Katswiri wa zamaganizo.
- Katswiri wa moyo wa ana.
Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe angathere yachitika.
Thandizo la radiation
Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Mu khansa ya kholingo, pulasitiki kapena chubu chachitsulo chimadutsa pakamwa ndikufika kummero. Makina omwe ali kunja kwa thupi ali ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimayikidwa mu chubu chotumizira cheza cha khansa.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy).
Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.
Chithandizo chofuna
Chithandizo choyenera ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwononge maselo a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizimavulaza maselo wamba kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation.
Chithandizo chomwe chikuyembekezeredwa chikuwerengedwa pochiza khansa ya m'mimba yomwe imayambiranso (kubwerera).
Kuchiza khansa ya m'mimba ya ana kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta.
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.
Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikiza:
- Mavuto amthupi, monga kuchepa kwa kholingo.
- Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.
- Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa) kapena zovuta zina.
Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madokotala a mwana wanu za zomwe zingachitike mochedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri.
Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.
Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.
Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.
Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.
Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.
Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.
Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (kubwerera). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Esophageal ya Ana
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha khansa yomwe ingopezeka kumene mwa ana ingaphatikizepo izi:
- Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonsecho kapena gawo lake.
- Thandizo la radiation lomwe limaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu la pulasitiki kapena lachitsulo lomwe limayikidwa pakamwa kupita kummero.
- Chemotherapy.
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yapafupipafupi ya Esophageal Cancer
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha khansa yam'magazi yamankhwala mobwerezabwereza mwa ana ingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kuyesedwa kwachipatala komwe kumayang'ana chotupa cha wodwalayo ngati majini ena asintha. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa omwe adzapatsidwe kwa wodwala umadalira mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini.
Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.
Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Esophageal Cancer
Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa yam'mimba, onani izi:
- Tsamba Loyambilira la Khansa ya Esophageal
- Computed Tomography (CT) Zithunzi ndi Khansa
- Njira Zochizira Khansa
- Zakudya Zakudya Zosamalira Khansa
Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:
- Za Khansa
- Khansa Za Ana
- Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira
- Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana
- Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa
- Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo
- Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata
- Kusinthana
- Kulimbana ndi khansa
- Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa
- Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira
Za Chidule cha
Za
Physician Data Query () ndi nkhokwe ya National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) yokhudza zambiri za khansa. Database ya ili ndi chidule cha zomwe zatulutsidwa posachedwa popewa khansa, kuzindikira, ma genetics, chithandizo, chisamaliro chothandizira, komanso mankhwala othandizira komanso othandizira. Zambiri mwachidule zimabwera m'mitundu iwiri. Omasulira akatswiriwa ali ndi zambiri zolembedwa mchilankhulo chaukadaulo. Mitundu ya odwala imalembedwa m'njira yosavuta kumva, yopanda ukadaulo. Mabaibulo onsewa ali ndi chidziwitso cha khansa chomwe ndicholondola komanso chaposachedwa ndipo matembenuzidwe ambiri amapezekanso m'Chisipanishi.
ndi ntchito ya NCI. NCI ndi gawo la National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH ndiye likulu la kafukufuku waboma. Zidule za zimakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kodziyimira pawokha zolemba zamankhwala. Sindiwo malingaliro a NCI kapena NIH.
Cholinga cha Chidule ichi
Chidule cha chidziwitso cha khansa ya chili ndi zambiri zamankhwala okhudza khansa ya m'mimba ya ana. Zimatanthauza kudziwitsa ndi kuthandiza odwala, mabanja, ndi osamalira. Sichipereka malangizo kapena malingaliro apadera popanga zisankho pazokhudzaumoyo.
Owunikanso ndi Zosintha
Mamembala Olemba amalemba zidule za khansa ya ndikuziwongolera. Ma board awa amapangidwa ndi akatswiri azithandizo zamatenda a khansa ndi zina zapadera zokhudzana ndi khansa. Zowombazi zimawunikiridwa pafupipafupi ndipo amasintha pakakhala zatsopano. Deti pachidule chilichonse ("Kusinthidwa") ndi tsiku losintha posachedwa kwambiri.
Zomwe zili pachidule ichi zidatengedwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo, womwe umawunikidwa pafupipafupi ndikusinthidwa momwe ungafunikire, ndi Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.
Zambiri Zoyesa Zachipatala
Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku woti ayankhe funso lasayansi, monga ngati mankhwala amodzi aposa ena. Mayesero amatengera maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndi zomwe taphunzira mu labotale. Chiyeso chilichonse chimayankha mafunso ena asayansi kuti apeze njira zatsopano komanso zabwino zothandiza odwala khansa. Mukamayesedwa azachipatala, zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa pazokhudza chithandizo chatsopano ndi momwe chimagwirira ntchito. Ngati kuyesa kwachipatala kukuwonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, chithandizo chatsopano chitha kukhala "chovomerezeka". Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
Mayesero azachipatala amapezeka pa intaneti patsamba la NCI. Kuti mumve zambiri, imbani Cancer Information Service (CIS), malo olumikizirana ndi NCI, ku 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Chilolezo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Chidule Ichi
ndi dzina lolembedwa. Zomwe zili mu zikalata za zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito momasuka ngati zolemba. Sizingadziwike kuti ndi chidule cha khansa ya NCI pokhapokha chidule chonse chikuwonetsedwa ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Komabe, wogwiritsa akhoza kuloledwa kulemba chiganizo monga "Chidule cha chidziwitso cha khansa ya PDI ya NCI chokhudza kupewa khansa ya m'mawere chimanena zoopsa zake motere: [onaninso mwachidule mwachidule]."
Njira yabwino yolongosola chidule cha ndi:
Zithunzi pazidulezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilolezo cha wolemba, wojambula, ndi / kapena wofalitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazidule za zokha. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi kuchokera pachidule cha ndipo simukugwiritsa ntchito chidule chonse, muyenera kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa mwininyumba. Sizingaperekedwe ndi National Cancer Institute. Zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito zithunzizi mwachidule, komanso zithunzi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi khansa zitha kupezeka mu Visuals Online. Zowoneka paintaneti ndi zithunzi zoposa 3,000 zasayansi.
Chodzikanira
Zomwe zidafotokozedwazi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chisankho chobwezera inshuwaransi. Zambiri pazokhudza inshuwaransi zikupezeka ku Cancer.gov patsamba la Managing Care Care.
Lumikizanani nafe
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana nafe kapena kulandira thandizo patsamba la Cancer.gov zitha kupezeka patsamba Lumikizanani nafe kuti tithandizidwe. Mafunso amathanso kuperekedwa ku Cancer.gov kudzera pa Tsamba Lakutumiza la Imelo.
Thandizani kutsitsimutsa kwama ndemanga