Mitundu / khansa yaubwana / hp / zachilendo-khansa-yaubwana-pdq
Khansa Yambiri Ya Chithandizo Chaubwana
Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa Yambiri Yaubwana
M'chigawo chino
- Chiyambi
Chiyambi
Khansa mwa ana ndi achinyamata ndiyosowa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa khansa yaubwana kwakhala kukukulira pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 1975. [1] Kutumiza ku malo azachipatala omwe ali ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a akatswiri a khansa omwe amapeza pochiza khansa yomwe imachitika muubwana ndi unyamata iyenera kuganiziridwa kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa. Njira yothandizirana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana imaphatikizaponso luso la sing'anga woyang'anira, opareshoni ya ana, ma radiation oncologists, oncologists / hematologists, akatswiri okonzanso, akatswiri azamwino a ana, ogwira nawo ntchito, ndi ena kuonetsetsa kuti ana alandila chithandizo, chithandizo chothandizira, ndikukonzanso zomwe idzapeza moyo wabwino komanso moyo wabwino.
Maupangiri amalo a khansa ya ana komanso gawo lawo pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa afotokozedwa ndi American Academy of Pediatrics. [2] Kumalo awa a khansa ya ana, mayesero azachipatala amapezeka pamitundu yambiri ya khansa yomwe imachitika mwa ana ndi achinyamata, ndipo mwayi wochita nawo mayeserowa umaperekedwa kwa odwala ambiri komanso mabanja awo. Mayesero azachipatala a ana ndi achinyamata omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti azifanizira chithandizo chomwe chingakhale chabwinoko ndi mankhwala omwe pano amavomerezedwa ngati wamba. Zambiri zomwe zachitika pakuzindikira chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa za ana zatheka kudzera m'mayesero azachipatala. Zambiri zamayesero azachipatala omwe akupitilira amapezeka patsamba la NCI.
Kusintha kwakukulu pakupulumuka kwachitika kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa. Pakati pa 1975 ndi 2010, kufa kwa khansa paubwana kunachepa kupitirira 50%. [3] Opulumuka khansa yaunyamata ndi achinyamata amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa chifukwa zoyambitsa khansa zimatha kupitilira kapena kukulira miyezi kapena zaka atalandira chithandizo. (Onaninso chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri za zomwe zimachitika, mtundu, komanso kuwunika zotsatira zakuchedwa kwa omwe adatsala ndi khansa ya achinyamata.)
Khansa ya ana ndi matenda osowa, ndipo pafupifupi 15,000 amapezeka ku United States pachaka kwa anthu ochepera zaka 20. [4] US Rare Diseases Act ya 2002 imafotokoza matenda osowa ngati omwe amakhudza anthu ochepera 200,000. Chifukwa chake, khansa zonse za ana zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa.
Kutchulidwa kwa chotupa chosowa sikofanana pakati pa magulu a ana ndi akulu. Khansa yachikulire yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri imadziwika kuti ndi yomwe imachitika pachaka osachepera asanu ndi limodzi mwa anthu 100,000, ndipo akuti amawerengera mpaka 24% ya khansa yonse yomwe imapezeka ku European Union komanso pafupifupi 20% ya khansa yonse yomwe imapezeka ku United States . [5,6] Komanso, kutchulidwa kwa chotupa chosowa cha ana sichofanana pakati pa magulu apadziko lonse, motere:
- Ntchito yothandizirana ku Italy pamatenda osowa a ana (Tumori Rari ku Eta Pediatrica [TREP]) amatanthauzira chotupa chosowa cha ana ngati chomwe chimakhala ndi milandu yochepera kawiri pa anthu miliyoni imodzi pachaka ndipo sichiphatikizidwa m'mayesero ena azachipatala. [7 ]
- Gulu la Ana Oncology (COG) lasankha kutanthauzira khansa zosowa za ana monga zomwe zidalembedwa mgulu laling'ono la XI, lomwe limaphatikizapo khansa ya chithokomiro, khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa, mitundu yambiri ya khansa (mwachitsanzo, adrenocortical carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ndi ma carcinomas ambiri amtundu wachikulire monga khansa ya m'mawere, khansa yoyipa, etc.). [8] Matendawa amapezeka pafupifupi 4% ya khansa yomwe imapezeka mwa ana azaka 0 mpaka 14, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 20% ya khansa yomwe imapezeka mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 19 (onani Zizindikiro 1 ndi 2). [9]
Khansa yambiri mkati mwa gulu laling'ono la XI mwina ndi khansa ya khansa kapena khansa ya chithokomiro, pomwe mitundu yotsala ya khansa ya XI imangokhala ndi 1.3% yokha ya khansa mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 0 mpaka 14 zaka 5.3% ya khansa mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 19.
Khansa zosowa izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuziphunzira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda aliwonse, kuchuluka kwa khansa yosowa mwa achinyamata, komanso kusowa kwa mayesero azachipatala kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa yachilendo monga melanoma.
Ofufuza ena agwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zazikulu, monga Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) ndi National Cancer Database, kuti adziwe zambiri za khansa zosowa zaubwana izi. Komabe, maphunziro a database awa ndi ochepa. Njira zingapo zophunzirira khansa zosowa za ana zapangidwa ndi COG ndi magulu ena apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza International Society of Pediatric Oncology (Société Internationale D'Oncologie Pédiatrique [SIOP]). Ntchito yopanga chotupa ya Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) idakhazikitsidwa ku Germany mu 2006. [10] TREP idayambitsidwa mu 2000, [7] ndipo gulu la Polish Pediatric Rare Tumor Study Group lidakhazikitsidwa mu 2002. [11] Ku Europe, zotupa zosowa zimaphunzira magulu ochokera ku France, Germany, Italy, Poland, ndipo United Kingdom yalowa nawo mgulu la European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT), poyang'ana mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwunika zina mwazomwe zimapezeka zotupa. [12] Mkati mwa COG, kuyeserera kwakhazikika pakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zolembetsa za COG (Project Every Child) ndi njira zotengera mabanki, kupanga mayesero azachipatala a mkono umodzi, ndikuwonjezera mgwirizano pakati pa mayesero a magulu akuluakulu amgwirizano. [13] Zomwe zakwaniritsidwa komanso zovuta pantchitoyi zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. [8,14] komanso mgwirizano womwe ukuwonjezeka pamayesero a akulu akulu ogwirizana. [13] Zomwe zakwaniritsidwa komanso zovuta pantchitoyi zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. [8,14] komanso mgwirizano womwe ukuwonjezeka pamayesero a akulu akulu ogwirizana. [13] Zomwe zakwaniritsidwa komanso zovuta pantchitoyi zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. [8,14]
Zotupa zomwe zalembedwa mwachidulechi ndizosiyanasiyana; zakonzedwa motsika ndi ma anatomic dongosolo, kuchokera pazotupa zosafikirika za mutu ndi khosi mpaka zotupa zosawerengeka za thirakiti ndi khungu. Khansa zonsezi ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti zipatala zambiri zamankhwala zitha kuwona zochepa zama histologies mzaka zingapo. Zambiri mwazomwe zalembedwa pano zimachitika kawirikawiri mwa akulu. Zambiri zamatendawa zimapezekanso pazomwe zimakhudzana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi khansa.
Thandizani kutsitsimutsa kwama ndemanga