Mitundu / mtima / wodwala-mwana-mtima-chithandizo-pdq
Childhood Cardiac (Mtima) Chotupa Chithandizo (®) -Patient Version
Zambiri Pazotupa za Mtima wa Mtima (Mtima)
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Zotupa za mtima wamwana, zomwe zitha kukhala zoyipa kapena zoyipa, zimawoneka mumtima.
- Zizindikiro za chotupa cha mtima zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakanthawi kwamtima komanso kupuma movutikira.
- Kuyesa komwe kumayesa mtima kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira (kupeza) ndikuzindikira chotupa cha mtima.
Zotupa za mtima wamwana, zomwe zitha kukhala zoyipa kapena zoyipa, zimawoneka mumtima.
Zotupa zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa mumtima zimakhala zabwino (osati khansa). Zotupa za mtima wa Benign zomwe zimawoneka mwa ana ndi izi:
- Rhabdomyoma: Chotupa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi minofu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wautali.
- Myxoma: Chotupa chomwe chingakhale gawo la matenda obadwa nawo otchedwa Carney complex. Onani chidule cha pa Childhood Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes kuti mumve zambiri.
- Teratomas: Mtundu wa chotupa cha majeremusi. Mumtima, zotupa izi zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri mu pericardium (thumba lomwe limakwirira mtima).
- Matenda ena amatupa (khansa).
- Fibroma: Chotupa chomwe chimakhala ndi minofu yofanana ndi ulusi yomwe imagwira mafupa, minofu, ndi ziwalo zina m'malo mwake.
- Chotupa cha Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy: Chotupa chomwe chimapangidwa m'maselo amtima omwe amayang'anira kugunda kwamtima.
- Hemangiomas: Chotupa chomwe chimapangidwa m'maselo omwe amayenda mitsempha yamagazi.
- Neurofibroma: Chotupa chomwe chimapangidwa m'maselo ndi minofu yomwe imaphimba mitsempha.
Asanabadwe komanso m'mwana wakhanda, zotupa zomwe zimafala kwambiri pamtima ndi ma teratomas. Mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo wotchedwa tuberous sclerosis ungayambitse zotupa za mtima mwa mwana wosabadwa (mwana wosabadwa) kapena wakhanda.
Zotupa zoyipa zomwe zimayambira mumtima ndizosowa kwambiri kuposa zotupa zamtima mwa ana. Zotupa zamtima zoyipa ndizo:
- Matenda owopsa.
- Lymphoma.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma: Khansa yomwe imapangidwa ndi minofu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wautali.
- Angiosarcoma: Khansara yomwe imapangidwa m'maselo omwe amayendetsa mitsempha yamagazi kapena mitsempha yamagulu.
- Opanda tanthauzo la pleomorphic sarcoma: Khansa yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangika munyama zofewa, koma imathanso kupanga fupa.
- Leiomyosarcoma: Khansa yomwe imapangidwa m'maselo osalala a minofu.
- Chondrosarcoma: Khansa yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga mafupa a mafupa, koma kawirikawiri imayamba mumtima.
- Synovial sarcoma: Khansara yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa mozungulira, koma imangokhala mumtima kapena thumba mozungulira mtima.
- Infantile fibrosarcoma: Khansara yomwe imapangidwa ndiminyewa yofananira ndi mafupa, minofu, ndi ziwalo zina m'malo mwake.
Khansa ikayamba mbali ina ya thupi ndikufalikira mpaka pamtima, imatchedwa khansa ya m'matumbo. Mitundu ina ya khansa, monga sarcoma, melanoma, ndi leukemia, imayambira mbali zina za thupi ndikufalikira mpaka pamtima. Chidulechi ndi cha khansa yomwe imayamba mumtima, osati khansa ya m'matumbo.
Zizindikiro za chotupa cha mtima zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakanthawi kwamtima komanso kupuma movutikira.
Izi ndi zizindikilo ndi zina zimatha chifukwa cha zotupa za mtima kapena zina.
Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:
- Sinthani mungoli wabwinobwino wamtima.
- Kuvuta kupuma, makamaka pamene mwana wagona.
- Zowawa kapena zolimba pakati pachifuwa zomwe zimamveka bwino mwana akakhala tsonga.
- Kutsokomola.
- Kukomoka.
- Kumva chizungulire, kutopa, kapena kufooka.
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima.
- Kutupa m'miyendo, akakolo, kapena pamimba.
- Kukhala ndi nkhawa.
- Zizindikiro za sitiroko.
- Kufooka mwadzidzidzi kapena kufooka kwa nkhope, mkono, kapena mwendo (makamaka mbali imodzi ya thupi).
- Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kuvuta kuyankhula kapena kumvetsetsa.
- Vuto ladzidzidzi kuwona ndi diso limodzi kapena onse awiri.
- Kuyenda mwadzidzidzi kuyenda kapena kumva chizungulire.
- Kutaya mwadzidzidzi kapena kulumikizana.
- Mutu woopsa mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa chodziwika.
Nthawi zina zotupa za mtima sizimayambitsa zizindikiro.
Kuyesa komwe kumayesa mtima kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira (kupeza) ndikuzindikira chotupa cha mtima.
Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.
- X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Njira yomwe imapanga zithunzi zingapo zamatupi amthupi, zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zithunzizo zimapangidwa ndi kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a x-ray. Utoto ukhoza kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena kumeza kuti ziwalo kapena ziwalo ziwoneke bwino. Njirayi imatchedwanso computed tomography, kompyuta tomography, kapena kompyuta axial tomography.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwa thupi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- Echocardiogram: Njira yomwe mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) amachokera pamtima ndi ziwalo kapena ziwalo zapafupi ndikupanga ma echo. Chithunzi chosuntha chimapangidwa ndimatumba amtima ndi mtima pomwe magazi amapopedwa mumtima.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): Kujambula zamagetsi zamagetsi pamtima kuti muwone kuchuluka kwake komanso kamvekedwe kake. Mapadi angapo (ma electrode) amaikidwa pachifuwa cha wodwalayo, mikono, ndi miyendo, ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi mawaya pamakina a EKG. Zochita zamtima zimasungidwa ngati graph pamzera. Ntchito zamagetsi zomwe zimathamanga kapena kuzengereza pang'ono kuposa zachilendo zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda amtima kapena kuwonongeka.
- Catheterization yamtima: Njira yoyang'ana mkati mwa mitsempha ndi mtima m'malo osazolowereka kapena khansa. Catheter yayitali, yopyapyala, yolowetsedwa imalowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena mumtsempha, kubowola, khosi, kapena mkono ndikulumikizidwa kudzera mumitsempha yamagazi kumtima. Zitsanzo za minofu zingachotsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa.
Magawo a Zotupa Zamtima
Njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati zotupa za mtima (khansa) zafalikira kuchokera pamtima kupita kumadera oyandikira kapena ziwalo zina za thupi zimatchedwa staging. Palibe njira yokhazikika yothetsera zotupa za mtima zoyipa zaunyamata. Zotsatira za mayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti apeze zotupa za mtima zoyipa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupanga zisankho zamankhwala.
Zotupa zamtima zoyipa zomwe zabwereranso zabwereranso (kubwerera) atalandira chithandizo.
Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule
MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA
- Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za mtima.
- Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za mtima ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya ana.
- Mitundu isanu yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kudikira kudikira
- Chemotherapy
- Opaleshoni
- Thandizo la radiation
- Chithandizo chofuna
- Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
- Chithandizo cha zotupa za mtima waubwana zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.
- Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
- Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
- Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za mtima.
Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.
Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za mtima ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa ya ana.
Chithandizo cha zotupa za mtima zoyipa chiziwongoleredwa ndi oncologist wa ana, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Katswiri wa oncologist amagwira ana ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo a ana omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa komanso omwe amadziwika bwino pamankhwala ena. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa ndi ena:
- Dokotala wa ana.
- Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mtima wa ana.
- Dokotala wamatenda a ana.
- Wofufuza oncologist.
- Wodwala.
- Katswiri wa namwino wa ana.
- Wogwira ntchito.
- Katswiri wokonzanso.
- Katswiri wa zamaganizo.
- Katswiri wa moyo wa ana.
Mitundu isanu yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Kudikira kudikira
Kuyembekezera mwachidwi kumayang'anitsitsa matenda a wodwalayo osamupatsa chithandizo chilichonse mpaka zizindikilo kapena zizindikiritso zikuwoneka kapena kusintha. Mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa rhabdomyoma.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy).
Opaleshoni
Ngati n'kotheka, khansayo imachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni. Mitundu ya maopareshoni omwe angachitike ndi awa:
- Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho ndi minofu yabwinobwino pozungulira.
- Kuika mtima. Ngati wodwala akudikirira mtima woperekedwa, chithandizo china chimaperekedwa momwe angafunikire.
Thandizo la radiation
Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.
Chithandizo chofuna
Chithandizo choyenera ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwononge maselo a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizimavulaza maselo wamba kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation.
- MTOR inhibitors amaletsa maselo kuti asagawikane ndipo amalepheretsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano yomwe zotupa zimayenera kukula. Everolimus imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ana omwe ali ndi rhabdomyoma ndi tuberous sclerosis.
Chithandizo chomwe chikuyembekezeredwa chikuwerengedwanso pochizira zotupa zoyipa za mtima zaubwana zomwe zabwereranso (kubwerera).
Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.
Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.
Chithandizo cha zotupa za mtima waubwana zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.
Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikiza:
- Mavuto athupi.
- Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.
- Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa) kapena zovuta zina.
Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madokotala a mwana wanu za zomwe zingachitike mochedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri.
Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.
Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.
Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.
Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.
Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.
Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.
Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.
Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.
Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.
Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (kubwerera). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.
Kuchiza kwa Zotupa za Mtima Wamwana
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha zotupa za mtima waubwana zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kuyembekezera mwachidwi, kwa rhabdomyoma, komwe nthawi zina kumafota ndikudziyenda yokha.
- Chithandizo choyenera (everolimus) cha odwala omwe ali ndi rhabdomyoma ndi tuberous sclerosis.
- Chemotherapy yotsatiridwa ndi opaleshoni (yomwe imaphatikizaponso kuchotsa chotupa china kapena kupatsira mtima), kwa sarcomas.
- Opaleshoni yokha, yamitundu ina yotupa.
- Thandizo la radiation kwa zotupa zomwe sizingachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni.
Kuchiza kwa Zotupitsa Zamtima Zamwana Zomwe Zimapezekanso
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.
Chithandizo cha zotupa zobwera nthawi zonse zaubwana zitha kuphatikizira izi:
- Kuyesedwa kwachipatala komwe kumayang'ana chotupa cha wodwalayo ngati majini ena asintha. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa omwe adzapatsidwe kwa wodwala umadalira mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini.
Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zotupa za Mtima Wamwana
Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza zotupa za mtima zaubwana, onani izi:
- Tsamba Loyambitsa Khansa Yamtima
- Computed Tomography (CT) Zithunzi ndi Khansa
- Njira Zochizira Khansa
Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:
- Za Khansa
- Khansa Za Ana
- Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira
- Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana
- Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa
- Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo
- Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata
- Kusinthana
- Kulimbana ndi khansa
- Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa
- Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira
Thandizani kutsitsimutsa kwama ndemanga