Types/breast/patient/child-breast-treatment-pdq

Mtundu wa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa Ya m'mawere Amwana

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Khansa ya m'mawere ndimatenda momwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba a m'mawere.

• Zotupa zambiri za m'mawere mwa ana ndi fibroadenomas (osati khansa).

• Mankhwala othandizira mawere pachifuwa kapena pachifuwa pochiza khansa yapitayi amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere zimaphatikizapo chotupa kapena kukulira mkati kapena pafupi ndi bere.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayesa bere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya m'mawere.

Khansa ya m'mawere ndimatenda momwe ma cell owopsa (khansa) amapangika m'matumba a m'mawere.

Chifuwacho chimapangidwa ndi lobes ndi ducts. Chifuwa chilichonse chili ndi magawo 15 mpaka 20 otchedwa lobes. Lobe iliyonse ili ndi zigawo zing'onozing'ono zambiri zotchedwa lobules. Ma Lobules amatha ndi mababu ang'onoang'ono angapo omwe amatha kupanga mkaka. Maloboti, lobulu, ndi mababu amalumikizidwa ndi machubu owonda otchedwa ducts.

Khansa ya m'mawere imatha kupezeka m'matumbo a ana amuna ndi akazi.

Khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa yofala kwambiri pakati pa akazi azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 39; koma ochepera 5% mwa khansa zonse za m'mawere zimachitika mwa akazi munthawi imeneyi. Khansa ya m'mawere mwa akazi azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 39 ndiyokwiyitsa komanso yovuta kuchiza kuposa azimayi achikulire. Mankhwala azimayi achichepere ndi achikulire ndi ofanana. Odwala achichepere omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere atha kukhala ndi upangiri wamtundu (zokambirana ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa za matenda obadwa nawo) ndikuyesa ma syndromes a khansa yabanja. Komanso, zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala pa chonde zimayenera kuganiziridwanso.

Zotupa zambiri za m'mawere mwa ana ndi fibroadenomas (osati khansa).

Fibroadenomas ndi zotupa zabwino. Nthawi zambiri, zotupazi zimakhala zotupa zazikuluzikulu (khansa) ndipo zimayamba kukula msanga. Ngati chotupa chosaopsa chikuyamba kukula msanga, kachilombo koyambitsa singano (FNA) kapenanso kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kadzachitika. Minyewa yomwe imachotsedwa panthawi yovutayi idzawonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwala kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

Mankhwala othandizira mawere pachifuwa kapena pachifuwa pochiza khansa yapitayi amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mawere mwa ana, achinyamata, komanso achinyamata ndi izi:

• Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu chothandizidwa ndi ma radiation pachifuwa kapena pachifuwa cha khansa ina, monga Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Kukhala ndi mbiri ya mtundu wa khansa yomwe imafalikira pachifuwa, monga khansa ya m'magazi, rhabdomyosarcoma, minofu yofewa sarcoma, kapena lymphoma.

• Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere mwa mayi, abambo, mlongo, kapena mchimwene.

• Zosintha zobadwa mu jini la BRCA1 kapena BRCA2 kapena majini ena omwe amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere zimaphatikizapo chotupa kapena kukulira mkati kapena pafupi ndi bere.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilozi zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mawere kapena zina.

Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kutupa kapena kukhathamira mkati kapena pafupi ndi bere kapena malo okhala ndi mikono.

• Kusintha kukula kapena mawonekedwe a bere.

• Kukhazikika pakhungu la m'mawere.

• Nipple anatembenukira mkati mwa bere.

• Chamadzimadzi, kupatula mkaka wa m'mawere, kuchokera m'mawere, kuphatikizapo magazi.

• Khungu lofiira, lofiira, kapena lotupa pachifuwa, nipple, kapena areola (mdima wakhungu womwe uli mozungulira nsaga).

• Zofooka m'chifuwa zomwe zimawoneka ngati khungu la lalanje, lotchedwa peau d'orange.

Kuyesa komwe kumayesa bere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira (kupeza) ndikuzindikira khansa ya m'mawere.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuyezetsa thupi komanso mbiri yaumoyo: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Clinical breast test (CBE): Kuyesedwa kwa bere ndi dokotala kapena katswiri wina wazachipatala. Dokotala amamva mosamala bere komanso pansi pa mkono pamatope kapena china chilichonse chomwe chimawoneka chachilendo.

• Mammogram: X-ray ya m'mawere. Pamene chithandizo cha khansa ina chimaphatikizira mankhwala a radiation ku bere kapena pachifuwa, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mammogram ndi MRI ya m'mawere kuti muwone ngati ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira ali ndi zaka 25, kapena zaka 10 mutamaliza mankhwala a radiation, zilizonse zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pake.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mawailesi, komanso kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za mabere onse. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound: Njira yomwe mafunde amawu amphamvu (ultrasound) amachotsedwa pamatumba kapena ziwalo zamkati ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Zolembawo amapanga chithunzi cha matupi amthupi otchedwa sonogram. Chithunzicho chimatha kusindikizidwa kuti chiwonedwe pambuyo pake.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Njira yopezera maselo oyipa mthupi. Gulu laling'ono la shuga (radio) limabayidwa mumtsempha. Chojambulira cha PET chimazungulira thupi ndikupanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo otupa owopsa amawonekera pachithunzichi chifukwa amakhala otanganidwa ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.

Kusanthula kwa Positron emission tomography (PET). Mwanayo wagona patebulo lomwe limadutsa pa makina a PET. Kupuma kwamutu ndi kansalu koyera kumathandiza mwanayo kugona. Kagawidwe kakang'ono ka shuga (radio) kamene kamabayidwa mu mtsempha wa mwanayo, ndipo sikaniyo imapanga chithunzi cha komwe glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi. Maselo a khansa amawonekera bwino pachithunzichi chifukwa amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa momwe maselo amachitira.

• Kafukufuku wamagazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zakumwamba kapena zochepa) kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda.

• X-ray pachifuwa : X-ray ya ziwalo ndi mafupa mkati mwa chifuwa. X-ray ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imatha kupyola thupi ndikupita mufilimu, ndikupanga chithunzi cha madera omwe ali mthupi.

• Biopsy: Kuchotsa kwa maselo kapena ziphuphu kotero kuti amatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope ndi wodwalayo kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.

Magawo a Khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana.

• Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

• Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Palibe njira yokhazikika ya khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana.

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ngati khansa yafalikira kuchokera pachifuwa kupita kumadera oyandikira kapena mbali zina za thupi imatchedwa staging. Palibe njira yokhazikika yokhazikitsira khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana. Zotsatira za mayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti apeze khansa ya m'mawere imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupanga zisankho pazithandizo.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe khansa imafalikira mthupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu minofu, ma lymph system, ndi magazi:

• Minofu. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikukula kupita kumadera oyandikana nawo.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba polowa m'mitsempha. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta kupita mbali zina za thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imafalikira kuchokera pomwe idayamba ndikulowa m'magazi. Khansara imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa imatha kufalikira pomwe idayamba kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansa ikafalikira mbali ina ya thupi, imatchedwa metastasis. Maselo a khansa amachoka pomwe adayamba (chotupa choyambirira) ndikuyenda mumitsempha kapena magazi.

• Lymph dongosolo. Khansara imalowa mumitsempha, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamafuta, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

• Magazi. Khansara imalowa m'magazi, imadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga chotupa (chotupa cha metastatic) gawo lina la thupi.

Chotupa cha metastatic ndi khansa yofanana ndi chotupa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya m'mawere imafalikira mpaka fupa, maselo a khansa omwe ali m'mafupawo ndi maselo a khansa ya m'mawere. Matendawa ndi khansa ya m'mawere, osati khansa ya m'mafupa.

Khansa Yam'mimba Yam'mbuyo

Khansa yapamtima yaposachedwa ndi khansa yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera) itachiritsidwa. Khansara imatha kubwereranso m'mawere kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

• Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa yaubwana.

• Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotupa zamawere zoyipa:

• Kudikira kudikira

• Opaleshoni

• Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo chofuna

• Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ingayambitse mavuto.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.

Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la madokotala omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa yaubwana.

Chithandizo chidzayang'aniridwa ndi oncologist wa ana, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Katswiri wa oncologist amagwira ana ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo a ana omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa komanso omwe amadziwika bwino pamankhwala ena. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa ndi ena:

• Dokotala wa ana.

• Dokotala wa ana.

• Wofufuza oncologist.

• Wodwala.

• Katswiri wa namwino wa ana.

• Wogwira ntchito.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo.

• Katswiri wa moyo wa ana.

Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotupa zamawere zoyipa:

Kudikira kudikira

Kuyembekezera mwachidwi kumayang'anitsitsa matenda a wodwalayo osamupatsa chithandizo chilichonse mpaka zizindikilo kapena zizindikiritso zikuwoneka kapena kusintha. Zotupa za Benign zitha kutha popanda chithandizo.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni yachitika kuti achotse chotupacho, koma osati bere lonse.

Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala amtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni yachitika kuti achotse khansa, koma osati bere lonse.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo choyenera ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwononge maselo a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizimavulaza maselo wamba kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation.

Chithandizo chofunikira chikuwerengedwa pochizira khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana yomwe yabwereranso (kubwerera).

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ingayambitse mavuto.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikiza:

• Mavuto athupi.

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.

• Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa) kapena zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madokotala a mwana wanu za zomwe zingachitike mochedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (kubwerera). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Chithandizo cha zotupa za m'mimba za Benign Childhood

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chithandizo cha Chithandizo.

Chithandizo cha zotupa za m'mawere mwa ana zingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kudikira kudikira. Zotupazi zimatha kutha popanda chithandizo.

• Opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chithandizo cha Chithandizo.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere mwa ana chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho, koma osati bere lonse. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwanso.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuchiza kwa Khansa Ya m'mawere Yobadwa Ndi Mwana

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere yabwinobwino mwa ana chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala komwe kumayang'ana chotupa cha wodwalayo ngati majini ena asintha. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa omwe adzapatsidwe kwa wodwala umadalira mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini.

Onani chidule cha Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere (Achikulire) kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala achichepere ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya m'mawere yaubwana

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute yokhudza khansa ya m'mawere, onani izi:

• Khansa ya m'mawere Tsamba

• Njira Zochizira Khansa

• Kusintha kwa BRCA: Kuopsa kwa Khansa ndi Kuyesa Kwachibadwa

• Kuyesedwa Kwachibadwa kwa Ma Syndromes Obadwa Ndi Khansa

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Khansa Za Ana

• Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira

• Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana

• Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa

• Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo

• Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata

• Kusinthana

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira