Mitundu / ubongo / wodwala / mwana-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq

Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Pazokhudza Childhood Central Nervous System (CNS) Germ Cell Tumors

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Zotupa zam'magazi zapakati paubwana (CNS) zimapangidwa kuchokera kuma cell a majeremusi.

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa za majeremusi a CNS.

• Majeremusi

• Nongerminomas

• Matenda

• Zomwe zimayambitsa matumbo ambiri amtundu wa CNS samadziwika.

• Zizindikiro zakukula kwa zotupa za majeremusi a CNS zimaphatikizapo ludzu lachilendo, kukodza pafupipafupi, kapena kusintha kwa masomphenya.

• Kafukufuku woyeserera ndi mayeso ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira zotupa zam'magazi a CNS aubwana.

• Biopsy itha kuchitidwa kuti mutsimikizire kuti matenda a CNS ali ndi chotupa m'thupi.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).

Zotupa zam'magazi zapakati paubwana (CNS) zimapangidwa kuchokera kuma cell a majeremusi.

Maselo a majeremusi ndi mitundu yapadera yamaselo yomwe imakhalapo pomwe mwana wosabadwa amakula. Maselowa nthawi zambiri amakhala umuna m'machende kapena mazira osakwanira m'mimba mwake mwanayo akamakula. Zotupa zambiri zamagulu amtundu wamtundu zimapangidwa m'mayeso kapena m'mimba mwake. Nthawi zina majeremusi amayenda kupita kapena kuchokera mbali zina za mwana wosabadwayo akamakula ndipo pambuyo pake amakhala zotupa zama cell apakhungu. Zilonda zam'magazi zomwe zimapanga ubongo kapena msana zimatchedwa CNS (central nervous system) zotupa zama cell.

Zotupa zamagulu amtundu wa CNS zimachitika nthawi zambiri mwa odwala azaka za 10 mpaka 19 komanso nthawi zambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Malo ofala kwambiri kuti chotupa chimodzi kapena zingapo za majeremusi a CNS apange ndi muubongo pafupi ndi pineal gland komanso mdera laubongo lomwe limaphatikizaponso chifuwa cha minyewa ndi minofu yomwe ili pamwambapa. Nthawi zina zotupa zam'magazi zimapangidwa m'malo ena aubongo.

Anatomy yamkati mwaubongo, yowonetsa ma pineal ndi ma pituitary gland, optic nerve, ventricles (yokhala ndi cerebrospinal fluid yowonetsedwa mu buluu), ndi mbali zina zaubongo.

Chidule ichi ndi cha zotupa zamagulu amtundu wamtundu zomwe zimayambira mkatikati mwa mitsempha (ubongo ndi msana). Zotupa zam'magazi zimapangidwanso m'magulu ena amthupi. Onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Ana Zowonjezera M'magulu Amatenda Kuti mumve zambiri zamatenda am'magazi omwe ali owonjezera (kunja kwa ubongo).

Zotupa zam'magazi a CNS nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa ana koma zimatha kuchitika mwa akulu. Chithandizo cha ana chikhoza kukhala chosiyana ndi chithandizo cha akulu. Onani zidule zotsatirazi za kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala akulu:

• Chithandizo cha Wamkulu Chapakati Manjenje

• Chithandizo cha Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Kuti mumve zambiri zamtundu wina wamatumbo aubongo ndi zotupa za msana, onani chidule cha pa Ubongo wa Ana ndi Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa za majeremusi a CNS.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatenda amtundu wa CNS amatha kupanga kuchokera m'maselo apadera omwe pambuyo pake amakhala umuna kapena mazira osakwanira. Mtundu wa chotupa cha nyongolosi ya CNS yomwe imapezeka imadalira momwe ma cell amawonekera pansi pa microscope komanso zotsatira za mayeso a labotale omwe amayang'ana zotupa.

Chidule ichi ndi cha chithandizo cha mitundu ingapo ya zotupa za majeremusi a CNS:

Majeremusi

Majeremusi ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chotupa cha majeremusi a CNS ndipo amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokwanira. Magulu otupa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma germinomas.

Nongerminomas

Ma nongerminomas ena amapanga mahomoni, monga alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ndi beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). Mitundu ya nongerminomas ndi iyi:

• Embryonal carcinomas amapanga mahomoni AFP ndi beta-hCG.

• Ziphuphu zamatumba zimapanga mahomoni a AFP.

• Choriocarcinomas amapanga mahomoni beta-hCG.

• Zotupa zosakanikirana zamagulu zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yopitilira imodzi yamtundu wa majeremusi. Amatha kupanga AFP ndi beta-hCG.

Matenda

Matenda a CNS amafotokozedwa kuti ndi okhwima kapena osakhwima, kutengera momwe maselo amawonekera pansi pa microscope. Ma teratomas okhwima amawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino pansi pa microscope ndipo amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga tsitsi, minofu, ndi mafupa. Ma teratoma osakhwima amawoneka osiyana kwambiri ndi maselo abwinobwino omwe amakhala pansi pa microscope ndipo amapangidwa ndimaselo omwe amawoneka ngati ma fetus. Ma teratomas ena osakhwima ndi kuphatikiza kwa maselo okhwima komanso osakhwima. Magulu otupa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma teratomas.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matumbo ambiri amtundu wa CNS samadziwika.

Zizindikiro zakukula kwa zotupa za majeremusi a CNS zimaphatikizapo ludzu lachilendo, kukodza pafupipafupi, kapena kusintha kwa masomphenya.

Zizindikiro zimadalira izi:

• Komwe chotupacho chapangika.

• Kukula kwa chotupacho.

• Kaya chotupacho kapena thupi limapanga mahomoni ambiri.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambika chifukwa cha zotupa zama cell a CNS kapena zina. Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kukhala ndi ludzu kwambiri.

• Kupanga mkodzo wambiri womwe umveka bwino kapena pafupifupi.

• Kukodza pafupipafupi.

• Bedi likunyowetsa kapena kudzuka usiku kuti ukodze.

• Kuvuta kusuntha maso, kuvuta kuwona bwino, kapena kuwona kawiri.

• Kutaya njala.

• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

• Kutha msinkhu kapena mochedwa.

• Msinkhu waufupi (kukhala wamfupi kuposa wabwinobwino).

• Kupweteka mutu.

• Nseru ndi kusanza.

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.

• Kukhala ndi mavuto pantchito yakusukulu.

Kafukufuku woyeserera ndi mayeso ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze (kupeza) ndikuzindikira zotupa zam'magazi a CNS aubwana.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyesa kwamitsempha: Mafunso ndi mayeso angapo owunika ubongo, msana, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha. Mayesowa amawunika momwe munthu amaganizira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angayendere bwino, komanso momwe minofu, malingaliro, komanso mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito. Izi amathanso kutchedwa mayeso a neuro kapena mayeso a neurologic.

• Kuyeza kwamasamba owonera: Kuyesa kuti muwone momwe munthu akuwonera (madera onse momwe zinthu zimawonedwera). Kuyesaku kumayang'ana masomphenya apakati (kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu angawone poyang'ana kutsogolo) ndi masomphenya ozungulira (momwe munthu amatha kuwona mbali zonse kwinaku akuyang'ana patsogolo). Maso amayesedwa kamodzi. Diso lomwe silikuyesedwa limaphimbidwa.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) yokhala ndi gadolinium: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo za malo amkati mwaubongo ndi msana. Chinthu chotchedwa gadolinium chimalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Gadolinium imasonkhanitsa mozungulira maselo a khansa kuti athe kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Lumbar puncture: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuchokera pamtsempha. Izi zimachitika poika singano pakati pa mafupa awiri mumsana ndi CSF mozungulira msana ndikuchotsa madzi. Chitsanzo cha CSF chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zotupa zam'mimba ndikuyesedwa ngati zili ndi zotupa. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga muzitsanzozo kumayesedwanso. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ocheperako kapena kutsika kwa shuga kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa. Njirayi imatchedwanso LP kapena tapu ya msana.

Lumbar kuboola. Wodwala amagona pamalo okuta patebulo. Dera laling'ono kumunsi kumapeto kwake, dzenje la msana (singano yayitali, yopyapyala) imalowetsedwa m'munsi mwa msana kuti muchotse madzi amadzimadzi (CSF, omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi buluu). Timadzimadzi timatumizidwa ku labotale kukayezetsa.

• Mayeso a chotupa: Njira yomwe magazi kapena cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amayang'aniridwa kuti athe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi CSF ndi ziwalo, zotupa, kapena zotupa m'thupi. Zinthu zina zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ikapezeka m'magazi ochulukirapo. Izi zimatchedwa zolembera zotupa.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zotupa za majeremusi a CNS:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-anthu chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG).

• Kafukufuku wamagazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zazitali kapena zazing'ono kuposa zachilendo) zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda.

• Maphunziro a mahomoni amwazi: Njira yoyeserera magazi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ena omwe amatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo ndi minyewa mthupi. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zosazolowereka (zapamwamba- kapena zocheperapo kuposa zachilendo) zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda m'chiwalo kapena minofu yomwe imapangitsa. Magazi adzafufuzidwa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndimatenda a pituitary ndi ma gland ena.

Biopsy itha kuchitidwa kuti mutsimikizire kuti matenda a CNS ali ndi chotupa m'thupi.

Ngati madotolo akuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi chotupa cha majeremusi a CNS, zitha kuchitika. Pazotupa zaubongo, biopsy imachitika pochotsa chigaza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito singano kuchotsa mnofu wina. Nthawi zina, singano yoyendetsedwa ndi kompyutayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mtunduwo. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa. Ngati maselo a khansa apezeka, adotolo amatha kuchotsa zotupa zambiri momwe angathere pochita opaleshoni yomweyo. Chigoba cha chigaza nthawi zambiri chimayikidwanso pamalo pambuyo potsatira ndondomekoyi.

Craniotomy: Chotsegula chimapangidwa ndi chigaza ndipo chidutswa cha chigaza chimachotsedwa kuti chiwonetse gawo laubongo.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitidwa pamtundu wa minofu yomwe yachotsedwa:

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kuti aone ngati ali ndi ma antigen (zolembera) muzitsanzo za minofu ya wodwala. Ma antibodies nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi enzyme kapena utoto wa fulorosenti. Ma antibodies atagwirizana ndi antigen inayake munthawi ya minofu, enzyme kapena utoto umayambitsidwa, ndipo antigen imatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope. Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuzindikira khansa ndikuthandizira kudziwa khansa yamtundu wina wa khansa.

Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kupangidwa kutengera zotsatira za kuyerekezera ndi kuyesa kwa zotupa ndipo kafukufuku samafunika.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) zimatengera izi:

• Mtundu wa chotupa cha majeremusi.

• Mtundu ndi mulingo wazoyimira zilizonse zotupa.

• Kumene chotupacho chili muubongo kapena mu msana.

• Kaya khansara yafalikira mkati mwa ubongo ndi msana kapena mbali zina za thupi.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chayambiranso (kubwerera) mutalandira chithandizo.

Magawo Aubwana CNS Germ Cell Tumors

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Zotupa zamagulu apakati paubwana (CNS) sizimafalikira kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana.

Zotupa zamagulu apakati paubwana (CNS) sizimafalikira kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana.

Staging ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe ilipo komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira. Palibe njira yokhazikitsira zotupa zam'magazi zamankhwala apakati (CNS).

Dongosolo la chithandizo limadalira izi:

• Mtundu wa chotupa cha majeremusi.

• Kaya chotupacho chafalikira mkati mwaubongo ndi msana kapena mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo kapena fupa.

• Zotsatira za mayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti apeze zotupa za majeremusi a CNS.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chayambiranso (kubwerera) mutalandira chithandizo.

Zomwe Zimapezekanso mu CNS Germ Cell Tumors

Zotupa zam'mimba zamagulu apakati paubwana zimatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) atachiritsidwa. Zotupa nthawi zambiri zimabwerera pomwe chotupacho chidayamba. Chotupacho chimatha kubwereranso m'malo ena komanso / kapena m'ma meninges (zigawo zochepa za minofu zomwe zimaphimba ndikuteteza ubongo ndi msana).

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zamagulu apakati paubwana (CNS).

• Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za majeremusi a CNS amafunika kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa kwa ana.

• Chithandizo cha ana zotupa zamagulu amtundu wa CNS zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Mitundu inayi yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Opaleshoni

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chithandizo chofuna

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zamagulu apakati paubwana (CNS).

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yothandizira ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zamagulu apakati paubwana (CNS). Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.

Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za majeremusi a CNS amafunika kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza khansa kwa ana.

Chithandizo chidzayang'aniridwa ndi oncologist wa ana komanso / kapena radiation oncologist. Katswiri wa oncologist wa ana ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Dokotala wa oncologist amagwiritsa ntchito pochiza khansa ndi radiation. Madokotalawa amagwira ntchito ndi othandizira ena othandizira zaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zama cell a CNS aubwana omwe amakhazikika m'malo ena azamankhwala. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa:

• Dokotala wa ana.

• Matenda a ana.

• Katswiri wa zamagulu.

• Katswiri wazamaphunziro.

• Ophthalmologist.

• Katswiri wa namwino wa ana.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo.

• Wogwira ntchito.

Chithandizo cha ana zotupa zamagulu amtundu wa CNS zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Mavuto athupi.

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.

• Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa).

Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madokotala a mwana wanu za zomwe zingachitike mochedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. (Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri).

Mitundu inayi yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa. Njira zina zoperekera mankhwala a radiation zitha kuthandiza kuti ma radiation asawononge minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi. Mtundu uwu wa ma radiation ungaphatikizepo izi:

• Stereotactic radiosurgery: Stereotactic radiosurgery ndi mtundu wa mankhwala akunja a radiation. Pamutu pake pamakhala chimango cholimba. Makina amayang'ana mlingo waukulu umodzi wa radiation mwachindunji pachotupacho. Njirayi siimaphatikizapo opaleshoni. Amatchedwanso stereotaxic radiosurgery, radiosurgery, ndi ma radiation opaleshoni.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa.

Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira zotupa zam'magazi am'magazi a CNS. Thandizo la radiation kuubongo limatha kukhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa ana aang'ono. Njira zina zoperekera chithandizo chama radiation zitha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yabongo. Kwa ana ochepera zaka zitatu, chemotherapy amatha kupatsidwa m'malo mwake. Izi zitha kuchedwa kapena kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chama radiation.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi ngati pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera).

Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa. Chemotherapy yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira zotupa zamagulu a CNS.

Opaleshoni

Kaya opaleshoni yochotsa chotupayo itha kuchitidwa zimatengera komwe chotupacho chili muubongo. Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho imatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu, kwakanthawi.

Opaleshoni itha kuchitidwa kuti ichotse ma teratomas ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotupa zama cell zobwerera. Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena atha kupatsidwa chemotherapy kapena radiation pochita opaleshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi

Mlingo waukulu wa chemotherapy umaperekedwa kuti uphe ma cell a khansa. Maselo athanzi, kuphatikiza maselo opanga magazi, nawonso amawonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Kuika timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi chithandizo m'malo mwa maselo omwe amapanga magazi. Maselo otchedwa stem cells (maselo a magazi osakhwima) amachotsedwa m'magazi kapena m'mafupa a wodwalayo kapena woperekayo ndipo amaundana ndi kusungidwa. Wodwalayo akamaliza chemotherapy, maselo osungidwa amasungunuka ndikubwezeretsedwanso mwa kulowetsedwa. Maselo amtundu wobwezeretsansowa amakula (ndikubwezeretsanso) maselo amthupi.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo choyenera ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwononge maselo a khansa.

Chithandizo chomwe chikuyembekezeredwa chikuwerengedwa pochizira zotupa za majeremusi a CNS zomwe zabwereranso (kubwerera).

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (kubwerera). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Ana omwe khansa idakhudza chiberekero chawo cha khansa atapezeka kuti khansayo imafunikira kuti ayesedwe magazi awo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amwazi ndikotsika, mankhwala amtundu wa mahomoni amaperekedwa.

Ana omwe anali ndi chotupa chachikulu (alpha-fetoprotein kapena beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) pomwe khansa imapezeka kuti amafunika kuti awunike magazi awo. Ngati chotupacho chikuwonjezeka mutalandira chithandizo choyambirira, chotupacho chimatha kubwerera.

Njira Zothandizira Achinyamata Omwe Angotulukiridwa kumene CNS Germ Cell Tumors

M'chigawo chino

• Ma Germinomas Aposachedwa Kwambiri a CNS

• Ma CNS Nongerminomas Aposachedwa

• Matenda Aposachedwa a CNS Teratomas

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Ma Germinomas Aposachedwa Kwambiri a CNS

Chithandizo cha majeremusi apakati omwe amapezeka kuti ndi apakati (CNS) atha kuphatikizira izi:

• Thandizo la radiation kuubongo wonse kuphatikiza ma ventricles (malo amadzadza ndi ubongo) ndi msana. Kuchuluka kwa radiation kumaperekedwa kwa chotupacho kuposa malo ozungulira chotupacho.

• Chemotherapy yotsatira ndi radiation radiation.

• Kuyesedwa kwamankhwala a chemotherapy kutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation omwe amaperekedwa m'munsi mwake kutengera momwe chotupacho chimayankhira kuchipatala.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa njira yatsopano yothandizira potengera momwe chotupacho chingabwererenso pambuyo pothandizidwa.

Ma CNS Nongerminomas Aposachedwa

Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe chingathandize ma nongerminomas omwe apezeka kumene.

Chithandizo cha choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac chotupa, kapena chotupitsa chosakanikirana ndi majeremusi chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Chemotherapy yotsatira ndi radiation radiation.

• Opaleshoni. Ngati misa imatsalira pambuyo pa chemotherapy yomwe ikupitilizabe kukula ndipo zotupa zimadziwika bwino (zotchedwa kukula kwa teratoma syndrome), kuchitidwa opaleshoni kumafunikira kuti muwone ngati kuchuluka kwake ndi gawo la teratoma, fibrosis, kapena chotupa chomwe chikukula.

• Ngati misa ndi teratoma yokhwima kapena fibrosis, mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwa.

• Ngati misa ndi chotupa chokula, mankhwala ena angaperekedwe.

Matenda Aposachedwa a CNS Teratomas

Chithandizo cha ma teratomas omwe amapezeka kuti ndi okhwima komanso osakhwima kumene atha kuphatikizira izi:

Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe zingathere. Ngati chotupa chilichonse chatsalira pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni, chithandizo chambiri chingaperekedwe:

• Thandizo la radiation kwa chotupa kapena ma stereotactic radiosurgery; ndi / kapena

• Chemotherapy.

Njira Zothandizira Pazotupa Zapakati Paubwana za CNS Germ

Chithandizo cha zotupa za majeremusi zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi (CNS) zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Chemotherapy yotsatira ndi radiation radiation, ya ma germinomas.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo pogwiritsa ntchito maselowo a wodwalayo, kapena popanda mankhwala owonjezera a radiation, a germinomas ndi nongerminomas.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chithandizo chatsopano.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala komwe kumayang'ana chotupa cha wodwalayo ngati majini ena asintha. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa omwe adzapatsidwe kwa wodwala umadalira mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini.

Ziyeso Zamankhwala Zamakono

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti Mumve Zambiri Za Ubwana Wa CNS Germ Cell Tumors

Kuti mumve zambiri zamatenda am'mimba am'magazi, onani izi:

• Matenda a Ubongo Tumor Consortium (PBTC) Tulukani Chodzikanira

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Khansa Za Ana

• Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira

• Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana

• Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa

• Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo

• Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata

• Kusinthana

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira