Types/brain/patient/child-cns-embryonal-treatment-pdq

Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Treatment (®) -Patient Version

Zambiri Pazokhudza Ubwana Wamkati Wamanjenje Embryonal Tumors

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Zilonda zam'mimba zamkati (CNS) zimayamba m'maselo a embryonic (fetal) omwe amakhala muubongo atabadwa.

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa za CNS zomwe zimayambira.

• Pineoblastomas amapanga m'maselo a pineal gland.

• Zina mwa majini zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotupa za m'mimba za CNS.

• Zizindikiro za ubwana wa CNS zotupa kapena mapainoblastomas zimadalira msinkhu wa mwana komanso komwe kuli chotupacho.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ubongo ndi msana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa za m'mimba za CNS kapena pineoblastomas.

• Biopsy ikhoza kuchitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti matenda a CNS embryonal chotupa kapena pineoblastoma.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Zilonda zam'mimba zamkati (CNS) zimayamba m'maselo a embryonic (fetal) omwe amakhala muubongo atabadwa.

Zida zamkati zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba zimapangika m'maselo a embryonic omwe amakhalabe muubongo atabadwa. Zotupa za CNS za embryonal zimakonda kufalikira kudzera mu cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kupita kumadera ena aubongo ndi msana.

Zotupazo zitha kukhala zoyipa (khansa) kapena zabwino (osati khansa). Zotupa zambiri za CNS m'mimba mwa ana ndizoyipa. Zotupa zamaubongo zoyipa zimatha kukula msanga ndikufalikira mbali zina zaubongo. Chotupa chikamakula kapena kukanikiza malo amubongo, chimatha kuletsa gawo limenelo la ubongo kugwira ntchito momwe liyenera kukhalira. Zotupa zaubongo wa Benign zimakula ndikusindikiza madera oyandikira aubongo. Kawirikawiri samafalikira kumadera ena a ubongo. Zotupa zonse zaubongo komanso zoyipa zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo ndikufunika chithandizo.

Ngakhale khansa imapezeka kawirikawiri mwa ana, zotupa zamaubongo ndimtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa yaubwana, pambuyo pa khansa ya m'magazi. Chidule ichi ndi cha chithandizo cha zotupa zoyambira muubongo (zotupa zomwe zimayamba muubongo). Chithandizo cha zotupa zamaubongo zam'mimba, zomwe zimayambira mbali zina za thupi ndikufalikira kuubongo, sizinafotokozedwe mwachidule. Kuti mumve zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa zaubongo ndi msana, onani chidule cha pa Ubongo Waubwana ndi Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview.

Zotupa zamaubongo zimachitika mwa ana ndi akulu omwe. Chithandizo cha akulu chingakhale chosiyana ndi chithandizo cha ana. Onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala akulu.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa za CNS zomwe zimayambira.

Anatomy yamkati mwaubongo, yowonetsa ma pineal ndi ma pituitary gland, optic nerve, ventricles (yokhala ndi cerebrospinal fluid yowonetsedwa mu buluu), ndi mbali zina zaubongo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa za CNS zotengera m'mimba ndi izi:

Medulloblastomas

Zotupa zambiri za CNS za embryonal ndi medulloblastomas. Medulloblastomas ndi zotupa zomwe zikukula mwachangu zomwe zimapangidwa m'maselo aubongo mu cerebellum. Cerebellum ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa ubongo pakati pa ubongo ndi tsinde laubongo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayendetsa kayendetsedwe kake, kayendedwe kake, ndi momwe timakhalira. Medulloblastomas nthawi zina imafalikira mpaka fupa, mafupa, mapapo, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi, koma izi ndizochepa.

Matenda osakanikirana a Nonmedulloblastoma

Zotupa za Nonmedulloblastoma za m'mimba ndi zotupa zomwe zikukula mwachangu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapanga m'maselo aubongo. Cerebrum ili pamwamba pamutu ndipo ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri muubongo. Ubongo umawongolera kulingalira, kuphunzira, kuthana ndi mavuto, momwe akumvera, kulankhula, kuwerenga, kulemba, komanso kuyenda mwakufuna kwanu. Zotupa za Nonmedulloblastoma za embryonal zitha kupangika mu tsinde laubongo kapena msana.

Pali mitundu inayi ya zotupa za nonmedulloblastoma zomwe zimayambira:

• Zotupa za Embryonal zokhala ndi ma rosettes angapo

Zotupa za m'mimba zomwe zimakhala ndi ma rosettes angapo (ETMR) ndizotupa zosawerengeka zomwe zimachitika muubongo ndi msana. ETMR imachitika kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono ndipo ndi zotupa zokula msanga.

• Medulloepitheliomas

Medulloepitheliomas ndi zotupa zokula msanga zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapanga muubongo, msana wam'mimba kapena mitsempha kunja kwa msana. Zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'makanda ndi ana aang'ono.

• CNS neuroblastomas

CNS neuroblastomas ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa neuroblastoma womwe umapangidwa m'mitsempha ya ubongo kapena zigawo za minofu zomwe zimaphimba ubongo ndi msana. CNS neuroblastomas itha kukhala yayikulu ndikufalikira mbali zina zaubongo kapena msana.

• CNS ganglioneuroblastomas

CNS ganglioneuroblastomas ndi zotupa zosawerengeka zomwe zimapangidwa mu minyewa ya ubongo ndi msana. Amatha kupangidwa m'dera limodzi ndikukula msanga kapena mawonekedwe m'malo opitilira amodzi ndikuchedwa kukula.

Childhood CNS atypical teratoid / rhabdoid chotupa ndi mtundu wa chotupa cha embryonal, koma chimachitidwa mosiyana ndi zotupa zina zaubwana za CNS. Onani chidule cha pa Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment kuti mumve zambiri.

Pineoblastomas amapanga m'maselo a pineal gland.

Pineal gland ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono pakati pa ubongo. Chithokomiro chimapanga melatonin, chinthu chomwe chimathandiza kuti tisamagone bwino.

Pineoblastomas amapanga m'maselo a pineal gland ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa. Pineoblastomas ndi zotupa zomwe zikukula mwachangu ndimaselo omwe amawoneka osiyana kwambiri ndi maselo amtundu wa pineal gland. Pineoblastomas si mtundu wa chotupa cha CNS chosabadwa koma chithandizo cha iwo chimafanana ndi chithandizo cha zotupa za CNS za m'mimba.

Pineoblastoma imalumikizidwa ndi zosintha zobadwa nazo mu jini la retinoblastoma (RB1). Mwana yemwe ali ndi mtundu wobadwa nawo wa retinoblastoma (khansa kuposa mitundu m'matumba a retina) amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha pineoblastoma. Pamene retinoblastoma imapanga nthawi imodzimodzi ngati chotupa mkati kapena pafupi ndi gland wa pineal, chimatchedwa retinoblastoma wachitatu. Kuyesa kwa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kwa ana omwe ali ndi retinoblastoma kumatha kuzindikira pineoblastoma koyambirira pomwe angachiritsidwe bwino.

Zina mwa majini zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotupa za m'mimba za CNS.

Chilichonse chomwe chimakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda chimatchedwa chiopsezo. Kukhala ndi chiwopsezo sikutanthauza kuti udzakhala ndi khansa; kusakhala ndi zoopsa sikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi khansa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Zowopsa pazotupa za CNS zomwe zimayambira zimaphatikizapo kukhala ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• Matenda a Turcot.

• Matenda a Rubinstein-Taybi.

• Matenda a Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin).

• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni.

• Kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Fanconi.

Ana omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini kapena mbiri ya mabanja ya khansa yolumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa jini la BRCA angaganizidwe kuti ayesedwe. Ngakhale ndizosowa, ndikuwunika ngati mwanayo ali ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi khansa omwe amaika mwana pachiwopsezo cha matenda ena kapena mitundu ina ya khansa.

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha CNS embryonal tumors sichidziwika.

Zizindikiro za ubwana wa CNS zotupa kapena mapainoblastomas zimadalira msinkhu wa mwana komanso komwe kuli chotupacho.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilozi zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha zotupa za m'mimba za CNS, pineoblastomas, kapena zina. Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kutayika bwino, kuyenda movutikira, kukulitsa zolemba, kapena kuyankhula pang'onopang'ono.

• Kusagwirizana.

• Mutu, makamaka m'mawa, kapena mutu womwe umatha pambuyo posanza.

• Masomphenya awiri kapena mavuto ena amaso.

• Nseru ndi kusanza.

• Kufooka kwakukulu kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya nkhope.

• Kugona kwachilendo kapena kusintha kwa mphamvu.

• Kugwidwa.

Makanda ndi ana ang'ono omwe ali ndi zotupazi amatha kupsa mtima kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono. Komanso sangadye bwino kapena kukumana ndi zochitika zachitukuko monga kukhala, kuyenda, ndikuyankhula ziganizo.

Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ubongo ndi msana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa za m'mimba za CNS kapena pineoblastomas.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyesa kwamitsempha: Mafunso ndi mayeso angapo owunika ubongo, msana, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha. Kuyezetsa kumayang'ana momwe wodwalayo amaganizira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angayendere bwino, komanso momwe minofu, mphamvu, ndi malingaliro zimagwirira ntchito. Izi amathanso kutchedwa mayeso a neuro kapena mayeso a neurologic.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) yaubongo ndi msana ndi gadolinium: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo zamalo amkati mwaubongo ndi msana. Chinthu chotchedwa gadolinium chimalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Gadolinium imasonkhanitsa mozungulira maselo a khansa kuti athe kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Nthawi zina maginito oyang'ana maginito (MRS) amachitika panthawi ya MRI kuti ayang'ane mankhwala omwe ali mumisempha yaubongo.

• Lumbar puncture: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuchokera pamtsempha. Izi zimachitika poika singano pakati pa mafupa awiri mumsana ndi CSF mozungulira msana ndikuchotsa madzi. Chitsanzo cha CSF chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zotupa. Zitsanzozo zitha kuwunikiranso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ocheperako kapena kutsika kwa shuga kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa. Njirayi imatchedwanso LP kapena tapu ya msana.

Lumbar kuboola. Wodwala amagona pamalo okuta patebulo. Dera laling'ono kumunsi kumapeto kwake, dzenje la msana (singano yayitali, yopyapyala) imalowetsedwa m'munsi mwa msana kuti muchotse madzi amadzimadzi (CSF, omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi buluu). Timadzimadzi timatumizidwa ku labotale kukayezetsa.

Biopsy ikhoza kuchitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti matenda a CNS embryonal chotupa kapena pineoblastoma.

Ngati madotolo akuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi chotupa cha CNS chomwe chimayambira kapena pineoblastoma, zimatha kuchitika. Pazotupa zaubongo, biopsy imachitika pochotsa chigaza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito singano kuchotsa mnofu wina. Nthawi zina, singano yotsogozedwa ndi makompyuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mnofuwo. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa. Ngati maselo a khansa apezeka, adotolo amatha kuchotsa zotupa zambiri momwe angathere pochita opaleshoni yomweyo. Chigoba cha chigaza nthawi zambiri chimayikidwanso pamalo pambuyo potsatira ndondomekoyi.

Craniotomy: Chotsegula chimapangidwa ndi chigaza ndipo chidutswa cha chigaza chimachotsedwa kuti chiwonetse gawo laubongo.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitidwa pamtundu wa minofu yomwe yachotsedwa:

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kuti aone ngati ali ndi ma antigen (zolembera) muzitsanzo za minofu ya wodwala. Ma antibodies nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi enzyme kapena utoto wa fulorosenti. Ma antibodies atagwirizana ndi antigen inayake munthawi ya minofu, enzyme kapena utoto umayambitsidwa, ndipo antigen imatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope. Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuzindikira khansa ndikuthandizira kudziwa khansa yamtundu wina wa khansa.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) ndi njira zamankhwala zimadalira:

• Mtundu wa chotupa komanso komwe kuli muubongo.

• Kaya khansara yafalikira mkati mwa ubongo ndi msana pamene chotupacho chikupezeka.

• Zaka za mwanayo chotupacho chikapezeka.

• Kuchuluka kwa chotupacho kumatsalira atachitidwa opaleshoni.

• Kaya pali kusintha kwina kwama chromosomes, majini, kapena maselo amubongo.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chachitika (kubwerera).

Staging Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Zotupa

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Kuchiza kwa zotupa zam'mimba zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba ndi pineoblastomas zimadalira mtundu wa chotupa komanso msinkhu wa mwana.

• Chithandizo cha medulloblastoma mwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu chimadalira ngati chotupacho chili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena chiopsezo chachikulu.

• Chiwopsezo cha avareji (mwana wamkulu kuposa zaka 3)

• Chiwopsezo chachikulu (mwana wamkulu kuposa zaka 3)

• Zambiri kuchokera kumayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa za CNS za m'mimba kapena pineoblastomas zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera chithandizo cha khansa.

Kuchiza kwa zotupa zam'mimba zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba ndi pineoblastomas zimadalira mtundu wa chotupa komanso msinkhu wa mwana.

Kuyika masitepe ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe ilipo komanso ngati khansa yafalikira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo.

Palibe njira yokhazikika ya zotupa za m'mimba zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba ndi pineoblastomas. M'malo mwake, chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa chotupa komanso msinkhu wa mwana (zaka zitatu kapena kupitirira kapena kupitirira zaka zitatu).

Chithandizo cha medulloblastoma mwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu chimadalira ngati chotupacho chili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena chiopsezo chachikulu.

Chiwopsezo cha avareji (mwana wamkulu kuposa zaka 3)

Medulloblastomas amatchedwa chiopsezo chachikulu ngati zonsezi ndi zoona:

• Chotupacho chidachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opareshoni kapena panali zochepa chabe zomwe zatsala.

• Khansara siinafalikire mbali zina za thupi.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu (mwana wamkulu kuposa zaka 3)

Medulloblastomas amatchedwa chiopsezo chachikulu ngati izi ndi zoona:

• Ena mwa chotupacho sanachotsedwe pochita opaleshoni.

• Khansara yafalikira mbali zina za ubongo kapena msana kapena mbali zina za thupi.

Mwambiri, khansa imatha kubwereranso (kubwerera) mwa odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa chowopsa.

Zambiri kuchokera kumayeso ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa za CNS za m'mimba kapena pineoblastomas zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera chithandizo cha khansa.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ubwana wa CNS zotupa m'mimba kapena pineoblastomas amabwerezedwa atachitidwa opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho. (Onani gawo la General Information.) Izi ndikuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chimatsalira pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

Mayesero ndi njira zina zitha kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati khansara yafalikira:

• Kulakalaka kwa mafuta m'mafupa ndi biopsy: Kuchotsa mafupa, magazi, ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka fupa poika singano yopanda kanthu m'chiuno kapena m'chifuwa. Dokotala akuwona mafupa, magazi, ndi mafupa pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane zizindikiro za khansa. Kukhumba kwa m'mafupa ndi biopsy kumachitika kokha pakakhala zikwangwani kuti khansara yafalikira mpaka m'mafupa.

Kukhumba kwamfupa ndi mafupa. Gawo laling'ono la khungu litachita dzanzi, singano ya m'mafupa imalowetsedwa m'fupa la mwana m'chiuno. Zitsanzo zamagazi, mafupa, ndi mafupa amachotsedwa kuti zikaunikidwe ndi microscope.

• Kujambula mafupa: Njira yowunika ngati pali magawo omwe amagawa mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa, m'mafupa. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowononga nyukiliya zimasonkhanitsa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo imadziwika ndi sikani. Kujambula mafupa kumachitika kokha pakakhala zizindikilo kapena kuti zisonyezo zakuti khansara yafalikira kufupa.

• Lumbar puncture: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuchokera pamtsempha. Izi zimachitika poika singano pakati pa mafupa awiri mumsana ndi CSF mozungulira msana ndikuchotsa madzi. Chitsanzo cha CSF chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zotupa. Zitsanzozo zitha kuwunikiranso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ocheperako kapena kutsika kwa shuga kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa. Njirayi imatchedwanso LP kapena tapu ya msana.

Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors

Chotupa chobwerezabwereza chapakati pamitsempha (CNS) chotupa ndimimba yomwe imayambiranso (kubwerera) mutalandira chithandizo. Zotupa zaumwana za CNS za m'mimba zimakonda kubwereranso mkati mwa zaka zitatu atalandira chithandizo koma zimatha kubwerera zaka zambiri pambuyo pake. Zotupira zapakati paubwana za CNS zotupa zimatha kubwereranso pamalo omwe anali ndi chotupa choyambirira komanso / kapena m'malo ena muubongo kapena msana. Zotupa za CNS za m'mimba sizimafalikira kumadera ena a thupi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba.

• Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za CNS za embryonal ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza zotupa zamaubongo mwa ana.

• Zotupa zamaubongo muubwana zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimayamba khansa isanapezeke ndikupitilira miyezi kapena zaka.

• Chithandizo cha bongo chapakati dongosolo lamanjenje ma embryonal zotupa zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

• Mitundu isanu yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi

• Chithandizo chofuna

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zamkati (CNS) zotupa m'mimba.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala othandizira ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za m'mimba za CNS. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.

Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa za CNS za embryonal ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri othandiza zotupa zamaubongo mwa ana.

Chithandizo chidzayang'aniridwa ndi oncologist wa ana, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Katswiri wa oncologist amagwira ana ndi othandizira ena othandizira zaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zamaubongo komanso omwe amakhazikika m'malo ena azamankhwala. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa:

• Dokotala wa ana.

• Neurosurgeon.

• Katswiri wa zamagulu.

• Neuropathologist.

• Neuroradiologist.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

• Wofufuza oncologist.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Zotupa zamaubongo muubwana zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimayamba khansa isanapezeke ndikupitilira miyezi kapena zaka.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa chotupacho zimatha kuyamba khansa isanapezeke ndikupitilira miyezi kapena zaka. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madokotala a mwana wanu za zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha chotupacho chomwe chimapitilira mukalandira chithandizo.

Chithandizo cha bongo chapakati dongosolo lamanjenje ma embryonal zotupa zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Mavuto athupi.

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.

• Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa).

Ana omwe amapezeka ndi medulloblastoma atha kukhala ndi mavuto ena atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation monga kusintha kwakutha kuganiza, kuphunzira, ndi kutchera khutu. Komanso, cerebellar mutism syndrome imatha kuchitika atachitidwa opaleshoni. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi izi:

• Kuchedwa kuyankhula.

• Vuto kumeza ndi kudya.

• Kutayika bwino, kuyenda movutikira, ndi kukulitsa zolemba.

• Kutayika kwa minofu.

• Khalidwe limasintha ndikusintha umunthu.

Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madotolo a mwana wanu zamankhwala omwe khansa imatha kukhala nawo pamwana wanu. (Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri).

Mitundu isanu yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndikuchiza chotupa cha mwana m'mimba cha CNS monga tafotokozera mgawo la General Information pachidule ichi.

Dokotala atachotsa khansa yonse yomwe imawonekera panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoniyi, odwala ena amatha kupatsidwa chemotherapy, radiation radiation, kapena onse atachita opareshoni kuti aphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opareshoni, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo kuti khansa ibwererenso, amatchedwa adjuvant therapy.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa. Njira zina zoperekera mankhwala a radiation zitha kuthandiza kuti ma radiation asawononge minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi. Mitundu yamankhwalawa ndi awa:

• Conformal radiation therapy: Conformal radiation Therapy ndi mtundu wa mankhwala akunja a radiation omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kupanga chithunzi cha 3-dimensional (3-D) chotupa ndikupanga ma radiation kuti agwirizane ndi chotupacho. Izi zimalola kuchuluka kwa radiation kuti ifike pachotupacho ndipo imawononga pang'ono minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi.

• Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya stereotactic: Thandizo la radiation la stereotactic ndi mtundu wa mankhwala owonekera kunja. Pamutu pake pamakhala chimango cholimba. Makina amayang'ana ma radiation molunjika pachotupacho, osawononga pang'ono minofu yabwinobwino yapafupi. Mlingo wonse wa radiation umagawidwa m'mayeso ang'onoang'ono angapo operekedwa masiku angapo. Njirayi imatchedwanso stereotactic kunja kwa dothi radiation mankhwala ndi stereotaxic radiation therapy.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Thandizo la radiation kuubongo limatha kukhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa ana aang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, mayesero azachipatala akuphunzira njira zatsopano zoperekera radiation zomwe zingakhale ndi zovuta zochepa kuposa njira zovomerezeka.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira zotupa za umwana za CNS.

Chifukwa mankhwala a radiation angakhudze kukula ndi kukula kwaubongo mwa ana aang'ono, makamaka ana omwe ali ndi zaka zitatu kapena kupitilira apo, chemotherapy itha kuperekedwa kuti ichedwetse kapena kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala a radiation.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikaikidwa molunjika m'matumbo a cerebrospinal, chiwalo, kapena thupi monga pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Kuphatikiza kwa chemotherapy ndi chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ambiri opatsirana khansa. Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Mankhwala okhazikika omwe amaperekedwa pakamwa kapena mumtsempha kuti athetse zotupa zamkati mwa mitsempha sizingadutse chotchinga cha magazi ndi kulowa mumadzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana. M'malo mwake, mankhwala a anticancer amalowetsedwa m'malo amadzimadzi kupha ma cell a khansa omwe atha kufalikira pamenepo. Izi zimatchedwa intrathecal kapena intraventricular chemotherapy.

Mankhwala otchedwa intrathecal chemotherapy. Mankhwala a anticancer amalowetsedwa mu intrathecal space, omwe ndi malo omwe amakhala ndi cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, yowonetsedwa ndi buluu). Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi. Njira imodzi, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa kumtunda kwa chiwerengerocho, ndi kuyika mankhwalawo mu dziwe la Ommaya (chidebe chowoneka ngati dome chomwe chimayikidwa pansi pamutu pochita opareshoni; imagwira mankhwalawo akamadutsa chubu kakang'ono kupita muubongo ). Njira ina, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa kumapeto kwa chiwerengerocho, ndikulowetsa mankhwalawo mu CSF m'munsi mwa msana, pambuyo poti dera laling'ono kumunsi kwanjenjemera.

Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi

Mlingo waukulu wa chemotherapy umaperekedwa kuti uphe ma cell a khansa. Maselo athanzi, kuphatikiza maselo opanga magazi, nawonso amawonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Kuika timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi chithandizo m'malo mwa maselo omwe amapanga magazi. Maselo otchedwa stem cells (maselo a magazi osakhwima) amachotsedwa m'magazi kapena m'mafupa a wodwalayo kapena woperekayo ndipo amaundana ndi kusungidwa. Wodwalayo akamaliza chemotherapy, maselo osungidwa amasungunuka ndikubwezeretsedwanso mwa kulowetsedwa. Maselo amtundu wobwezeretsansowa amakula (ndikubwezeretsanso) maselo amthupi.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo choyenera ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwononge maselo a khansa. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa sizimavulaza maselo wamba kuposa chemotherapy kapena radiation.

Signal transduction inhibitors ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza medulloblastoma. Ma signature transduction inhibitors amaletsa zikwangwani zomwe zimadutsa kuchokera molekyulu imodzi kupita mzake mkati mwa selo. Kuletsa izi kumatha kupha ma cell a khansa. Vismodegib ndi mtundu wa chizindikiritso chosinthira chizindikiro.

Chithandizo chomwe chikuyembekezeredwa chikuwerengedwa pochizira zotupa za m'mimba za CNS zomwe zabwereranso (kubwerera).

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. (Onani gawo la General Information kuti mupeze mndandanda wa mayeso.) Kuyesaku kumabwerezedwa kuti muwone momwe mankhwala akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa kukonzanso.

Ziyeso zina zojambula zidzapitilizidwa kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati chotupa chaubongo chayambiranso (kubwerera). Ngati kuyerekezera kwa ziwonetsero kumawonetsa minofu yosazolowereka muubongo, chidziwitso chitha kuchitidwanso kuti muwone ngati minofuyo ili ndi zotupa kapena ngati khansa ikukula. Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Njira Zothandizira Kuchiza Kwaubwana Pakati pa Minyewa ya Embryonal Tumors ndi Childhood Pineoblastoma

M'chigawo chino

• Medulloblastoma Yatsopano Yophunzira

• Matenda Omwe Akupezeka Posachedwapa a Nonmedulloblastoma Embryonal Tumors

• Matenda Omwe Akupezeka Posachedwa Omwana Omwe Amakhala Ndi Ma Rosettes Amitundu Yambiri kapena Medulloepithelioma

• Pineoblastoma Watsopano Wophunzira

• Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors ndi Pineoblastomas

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala omwe atchulidwa pansipa, onani gawo la Chisankho Chachidule.

Medulloblastoma Yatsopano Yophunzira

Mu medulloblastoma yaubwana yomwe yangotulukidwa kumene, chotupacho sichinalandire chithandizo. Mwanayo atha kukhala kuti walandila mankhwala kapena mankhwala kuti achepetse zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi chotupacho.

Ana opitilira zaka zitatu ali ndi chiopsezo cha medulloblastoma

Mankhwala ochiritsira a medulloblastoma omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha ana opitilira zaka zitatu akuphatikizapo izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe zingathere. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation kuubongo ndi msana. Chemotherapy imaperekedwanso mkati ndi pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho, mankhwala a radiation, ndi chemotherapy yayikulu kwambiri yopulumutsa ma cell.

Ana opitilira zaka zitatu ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha medulloblastoma

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha medulloblastoma yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe zingathere. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mankhwala a radiation kuubongo ndi msana kuposa momwe amaperekera medulloblastoma owopsa. Chemotherapy imaperekedwanso mkati ndi pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho, mankhwala a radiation, ndi chemotherapy yayikulu kwambiri yopulumutsa ma cell.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mitundu yatsopano ya ma radiation ndi chemotherapy.

Ana azaka zapakati pa 3 ndi ocheperapo

Chithandizo chamankhwala cha medulloblastoma mwa ana azaka zitatu kapena kupitilira apo ndi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chachikulu momwe angathere, ndikutsatira chemotherapy.

Mankhwala ena omwe angaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi awa:

• Chemotherapy kapena popanda mankhwala a radiation kumalo omwe chotupacho chidachotsedwa.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Matenda Omwe Akupezeka Posachedwapa a Nonmedulloblastoma Embryonal Tumors

M'matumbo omwe ali ndi khansa yotchedwa nonmedulloblastoma yotupa, chotupacho sichinalandire chithandizo. Mwanayo atha kukhala kuti walandila mankhwala kapena mankhwala kuti achepetse zizindikiro zoyambitsidwa ndi chotupacho.

Ana oposa 3 zaka

Chithandizo chovomerezeka cha zotupa za nonmedulloblastoma embryonal mwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe zingathere. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation kuubongo ndi msana. Chemotherapy imaperekedwanso mkati ndi pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

Ana azaka zapakati pa 3 ndi ocheperapo

Chithandizo chovomerezeka cha zotupa za nonmedulloblastoma embryonal mwa ana azaka zitatu kapena kupitilira apo ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chachikulu momwe angathere, ndikutsatira chemotherapy.

Mankhwala ena omwe angaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi awa:

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation kumalo omwe chotupacho chidachotsedwa.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Matenda Omwe Akupezeka Posachedwa Omwana Omwe Amakhala Ndi Ma Rosettes Amitundu Yambiri kapena Medulloepithelioma

Mu chotupa chomwe chimangopezeka kumene mwaubwana wokhala ndi ma rosettes angapo (ETMR) kapena medulloepithelioma, chotupacho sichinalandire chithandizo. Mwanayo atha kukhala kuti walandila mankhwala kapena mankhwala kuti achepetse zizindikiro zoyambitsidwa ndi chotupacho.

Ana oposa 3 zaka

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha ETMR kapena medulloepithelioma mwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chonse momwe zingathere. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation kuubongo ndi msana. Chemotherapy imaperekedwanso mkati ndi pambuyo pa mankhwala a radiation.

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho, mankhwala a radiation, ndi chemotherapy yayikulu kwambiri yopulumutsa ma cell.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mitundu yatsopano ya ma radiation ndi chemotherapy.

Ana azaka zapakati pa 3 ndi ocheperapo

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha ETMR kapena medulloepithelioma mwa ana azaka zitatu kapena zazing'ono chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chachikulu momwe angathere, ndikutsatira chemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi.

• Thandizo la radiation, mwanayo akakula.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa mitundu yatsopano ndi magawo a chemotherapy kapena kuphatikiza kwatsopano kwa chemotherapy ndi kupulumutsidwa kwa cell cell.

Chithandizo cha ETMR kapena medulloepithelioma mwa ana azaka zitatu kapena zazing'ono nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyesedwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Pineoblastoma Watsopano Wophunzira

Pachilombo chotchedwa pineoblastoma chatsopano, chotupacho sichinayambe chathandizidwa. Mwanayo atha kukhala kuti walandila mankhwala kapena mankhwala kuti achepetse zizindikiro zoyambitsidwa ndi chotupacho.

Ana oposa 3 zaka

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha pineoblastoma mwa ana opitilira zaka zitatu chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho. Nthawi zambiri chotupacho sichingachotsedwe kwathunthu chifukwa cha komwe kuli muubongo. Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a radiation kuubongo ndi msana ndi chemotherapy.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy yayikulu kwambiri atalandira mankhwala a radiation komanso kupulumutsa ma cell.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala kwa chemotherapy panthawi ya radiation.

Ana azaka zapakati pa 3 ndi ocheperapo

Chithandizo chokhazikika cha pineoblastoma mwa ana azaka zitatu kapena zazing'ono chimaphatikizapo izi:

• Chidziwitso chodziwitsa pineoblastoma chotsatira ndi chemotherapy.

• Ngati chotupacho chimayankha chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwa mwanayo atakula.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yopulumutsa maselo am'madzi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors ndi Pineoblastomas

Chithandizo cha zotupa za m'mimba (CNS) zotupa m'mimba ndi pineoblastoma zomwe zimabwereranso (kubwerera) zimadalira:

• Mtundu wa chotupa.

• Kaya chotupacho chidabwereranso pomwe chidayamba kapena chafalikira kumadera ena aubongo, msana, kapena thupi.

• Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chidaperekedwa m'mbuyomu.

• Ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji yadutsa chithandizo choyambirira chitatha.

• Kaya wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo.

Chithandizo cha zotupa zobwerezabwereza za CNS zotupa m'mimba ndi pineoblastomas zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kwa ana omwe kale adalandira mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy, chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira ma radiation obwereza komwe khansa idayambira komanso komwe chotupacho chafalikira. Stereotactic radiation therapy ndi / kapena chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

• Kwa makanda ndi ana ang'ono omwe kale adalandira chemotherapy kokha ndipo amabadwiranso kwanuko, chithandizo chitha kukhala chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation ku chotupacho komanso dera loyandikira. Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho kumachitikanso.

• Kwa odwala omwe amalandila chithandizo chama radiation, chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri komanso kupulumutsa ma cell amtundu angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Sizikudziwika ngati chithandizochi chimathandizira kupulumuka.

• Chithandizo chomwe chikuyang'aniridwa ndi cholembera chizindikiritso cha odwala omwe ali ndi khansa amasintha majini.

• Kuyesedwa kwachipatala komwe kumayang'ana chotupa cha wodwalayo ngati majini ena asintha. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa omwe adzapatsidwe kwa wodwala umadalira mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini.

Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka kwathu kwamankhwala kuti mupeze mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi NCI omwe akulandira odwala. Mutha kusaka mayesero kutengera mtundu wa khansa, zaka za wodwalayo, komanso komwe mayeserowo akuchitika. Zambiri pazokhudza mayesero azachipatala zimapezekanso.

Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Ubwana Pakati pa Minyewa ya Embryonal Tumors

Kuti mumve zambiri zaubwana wamkati wamanjenje embryonal chotupa, onani izi:

• Matenda a Ubongo Tumor Consortium (PBTC) Tulukani Chodzikanira

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Khansa Za Ana

• Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira

• Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana

• Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa

• Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo

• Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata

• Kusinthana

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira