Types/brain/patient/child-brain-treatment-pdq

Ubongo Waubwana ndi Spinal Cord Tumors Chithandizo Mwachidule

Zambiri Zokhudza Ubongo Waubwana ndi Ziphuphu Zam'mimba

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Ubongo waubwana kapena chotupa cha msana ndi matenda omwe maselo osadziwika amapangika m'matumba aubongo kapena msana.

• Ubongo umayang'anira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi.

• Msana wamphongo umalumikiza ubongo ndi mitsempha m'malo ambiri amthupi.

• Zotupa zamaubongo ndi msana ndizofala khansa yaubwana.

• Zomwe zimayambitsa matumbo ambiri aubongo ndi msana sizidziwika.

• Zizindikiro zaubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana sizofanana mwana aliyense.

• Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ubongo ndi msana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira (kupeza) zotupa zaubwana ndi zotupa za msana.

• Zotupa zambiri zamaubongo zaubwana zimapezeka ndikuchotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni.

• Zotupa zina zaubwana ndi msana zimapezeka ndi mayeso ojambula.

• Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).

Ubongo waubwana kapena chotupa cha msana ndi matenda omwe maselo osadziwika amapangika m'matumba aubongo kapena msana.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zotupa zaubongo ndi msana. Zotupazo zimapangidwa ndikukula kwakanthawi kwamaselo ndipo zimatha kuyamba m'malo osiyanasiyana amubongo kapena msana.

Zotupazo zitha kukhala zoyipa (osati khansa) kapena zoyipa (khansa). Zotupa zaubongo wa Benign zimakula ndikusindikiza madera oyandikira aubongo. Nthawi zambiri zimafalikira m'matumba ena. Zotupa zamaubongo zoyipa zimatha kukula msanga ndikufalikira m'minyewa ina yaubongo. Chotupa chikamakula kapena kukanikiza malo amubongo, chimatha kuletsa gawo limenelo la ubongo kugwira ntchito momwe liyenera kukhalira. Zotupa zonse zaubongo komanso zoyipa zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo ndikufunika chithandizo.

Pamodzi, ubongo ndi msana zimapanga dongosolo lamanjenje (CNS).

Ubongo umayang'anira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi.

Ubongo uli ndi magawo atatu akulu:

• Cerebrum ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri muubongo. Ili pamwamba pamutu. Ubongo umawongolera kulingalira, kuphunzira, kuthana ndi mavuto, momwe akumvera, kulankhula, kuwerenga, kulemba, komanso kuyenda mwakufuna kwanu.

• Cerebellum ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwaubongo (pafupi ndi pakati pamutu). Imayang'anira kuyenda, kusamala, ndi kukhazikika.

• Tsinde laubongo limalumikiza ubongo ndi msana. Ili m'mbali yotsika kwambiri yaubongo (pamwambapa kumbuyo kwa khosi). Ubongo umayang'anira kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso mitsempha ndi minofu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwona, kumva, kuyenda, kulankhula, ndi kudya.

Anatomy yaubongo. Dera la supratentorial (kumtunda kwaubongo) limakhala ndi cerebrum, lateral ventricle ndi third ventricle (yokhala ndi cerebrospinal fluid yowonetsedwa mu buluu), choroid plexus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ndi optic nerve. Malo am'mbuyo a fossa / infratentorial (mbali yakumbuyo kwakubongo) imakhala ndi cerebellum, tectum, ventricle yachinayi, ndi tsinde laubongo (midbrain, pons, and medulla). The tentorium imasiyanitsa supratentorium ndi infratentorium (kumanja). Chigaza ndi meninja zimateteza ubongo ndi msana (kumanzere).

Msana wamphongo umalumikiza ubongo ndi mitsempha m'malo ambiri amthupi.

Msana wam'mimba ndi ulusi waminyewa yomwe imachokera kuubongo kutsikira pakati pakumbuyo. Imakutidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zoyonda zotchedwa nembanemba. Nembanemba Izi azunguliridwa ndi vertebrae (kumbuyo mafupa). Mitsempha ya msana imanyamula mauthenga pakati pa ubongo ndi thupi lonse, monga uthenga wochokera kuubongo wopangitsa kuti minofu isunthe kapena uthenga wochokera pakhungu kupita kuubongo kuti umve kukhudza.

Zotupa zamaubongo ndi msana ndizofala khansa yaubwana.

Ngakhale khansa imapezeka kawirikawiri mwa ana, ubongo ndi zotupa za msana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa yaubwana, pambuyo pa khansa ya m'magazi. Zotupa zamaubongo zimatha kupezeka mwa ana ndi akulu omwe. Chithandizo cha ana nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosiyana ndi chithandizo cha akulu. (Onani chidule cha pa Chithandizo cha Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala akulu.)

Chidule ichi chikufotokozera chithandizo cha zotupa zoyambira muubongo ndi msana (zotupa zomwe zimayamba muubongo ndi msana). Chithandizo cha zotupa zamaubongo zam'mimba ndi msana sizinaphatikizidwe mwachidule. Zotupa zam'mimba zimapangidwa ndimaselo a khansa omwe amayambira mbali zina za thupi ndikufalikira kuubongo kapena msana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matumbo ambiri aubongo ndi msana sizidziwika.

Zizindikiro zaubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana sizofanana mwana aliyense.

Zizindikiro zimadalira izi:

• Kumene chotupacho chimapanga muubongo kapena msana.

• Kukula kwa chotupacho.

• Kutupa kumakula msanga.

• Msinkhu wa mwana ndi kukula.

Zizindikiro zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana kapena zina, kuphatikiza khansa yomwe yafalikira kuubongo. Funsani dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatirazi:

Zizindikiro Zotupa Zaubongo ndi Zizindikiro

• Mutu wam'mawa kapena mutu womwe umatha pambuyo posanza.

• Pafupipafupi kunyansidwa ndi kusanza.

• Masomphenya, kumva, ndi kulankhula.

• Kutayika bwino komanso kuyenda movutikira.

• Kugona kwachilendo kapena kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.

• Kusintha kosazolowereka pamakhalidwe kapena machitidwe.

• Kugwidwa.

• Wonjezerani kukula kwa mutu (mwa makanda).

Matenda a msana Zizindikiro Zotupa ndi Zizindikiro

• Ululu wammbuyo kapena ululu womwe umafalikira kuchokera kumbuyo kupita m'manja kapena miyendo.

• Kusintha kwa zizolowezi za matumbo kapena vuto kukodza.

• Kufooka m'miyendo.

• Kuvuta kuyenda.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso za ubongo ndi msana zotupa, ana ena amalephera kufikira zokulirapo monga chitukuko chokhala, kuyenda, ndikuyankhula ziganizo.

Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ubongo ndi msana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira (kupeza) zotupa zaubwana ndi zotupa za msana.

Mayeso ndi njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuwunika kwakuthupi ndi mbiri: Kuyesedwa kwa thupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso zaumoyo, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana ngati pali matenda, monga zotupa kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo. Mbiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso matenda am'mbuyomu komanso chithandizo chamankhwala adzachitidwanso.

• Kuyesa kwamitsempha: Mafunso ndi mayeso angapo owunika ubongo, msana, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha. Mayesowa amawunika momwe munthu amaganizira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angayendere bwino, komanso momwe minofu, mphamvu, ndi malingaliro zimagwirira ntchito. Izi amathanso kutchedwa mayeso a neuro kapena mayeso a neurologic.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) yokhala ndi gadolinium: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zingapo zaubongo ndi msana. Chinthu chotchedwa gadolinium chimalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Gadolinium imasonkhanitsa mozungulira maselo a khansa kuti athe kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Njirayi imatchedwanso nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa seramu: Njira yomwe magazi amayesedwa kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi ziwalo, ziwalo, kapena zotupa m'thupi. Zinthu zina zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ikapezeka m'magazi ochulukirapo. Izi zimatchedwa zolembera zotupa.

Zotupa zambiri zamaubongo zaubwana zimapezeka ndikuchotsedwa pakuchita opaleshoni.

Ngati madokotala akuganiza kuti pakhoza kukhala chotupa muubongo, biopsy itha kuchitidwa kuti ichotse mtundu wina wa minofu. Pazotupa muubongo, biopsy imachitika pochotsa chigaza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito singano kuchotsa nyemba. Wodwala amayang'ana minofu pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa. Ngati maselo a khansa apezeka, adotolo amatha kuchotsa zotupa zambiri momwe angathere pochita opaleshoni yomweyo. Wodwala amafufuza ma cell a khansa kuti adziwe mtundu wa chotupa chaubongo. Mulingo wa chotupacho umadalira momwe maselo a khansa amawonekera modabwitsa pa microscope komanso momwe chotupacho chimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu.

Craniotomy: Chotsegula chimapangidwa ndi chigaza ndipo chidutswa cha chigaza chimachotsedwa kuti chiwonetse gawo laubongo.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitidwa pamtundu wa minofu yomwe yachotsedwa:

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuyesa kwa labotale komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies kuti aone ngati ali ndi ma antigen (zolembera) muzitsanzo za minofu ya wodwala. Ma antibodies nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi enzyme kapena utoto wa fulorosenti. Ma antibodies atagwirizana ndi antigen inayake munthawi ya minofu, enzyme kapena utoto umayambitsidwa, ndipo antigen imatha kuwonedwa ndi microscope. Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuzindikira khansa ndikuthandizira kudziwa khansa yamtundu wina wa khansa.

Zotupa zina zaubwana ndi msana zimapezeka ndi mayeso ojambula.

Nthawi zina biopsy kapena opareshoni sizingachitike bwinobwino chifukwa chakomwe chotupacho chidapangidwa muubongo kapena msana. Zotupa izi zimapezeka potengera zotsatira zoyesa kujambula ndi njira zina.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso madandaulo (mwayi wochira).

Kulosera (mwayi wochira) zimatengera izi:

• Kaya pali maselo amtundu wa khansa omwe atsala atachitidwa opaleshoni.

• Mtundu wa chotupa.

• Komwe chotupacho chili mthupi.

• Msinkhu wa mwanayo.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chachitika (kubwerera).

Kulimbitsa Ubongo Waubwana ndi Mimba Yam'mimba

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Muubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana, zosankha zamankhwala zimadalira pazifukwa zingapo.

• Zomwe zimaperekedwa poyesa ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa zaubongo ndi zotupa za msana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chotupa.

• Ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kubwerera (kubwerera) atalandira chithandizo.

Muubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana, zosankha zamankhwala zimadalira pazifukwa zingapo.

Kuyika masitepe ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe ilipo komanso ngati khansa yafalikira mkati mwaubongo, msana, kapena mbali zina za thupi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa siteji kuti mukonzekere chithandizo cha khansa.

Muubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana, palibe njira yokhazikika. M'malo mwake, dongosolo la chithandizo cha khansa limadalira pazinthu zingapo:

• Mtundu wa chotupacho komanso komwe chotupacho chidapangidwa muubongo.

• Kaya chotupacho chapezeka kumene kapena chachitika mobwerezabwereza. Chotupa chatsopano chomwe chapezeka kumene kapena chotupa cha msana ndi chimodzi chomwe sichinathandizidwepo. Ubongo wobwerezabwereza waubwana kapena chotupa cha msana ndi womwe wabwereranso (kubwerera) atachiritsidwa. Ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kubwerera kumalo omwewo kapena gawo lina laubongo, kapena msana. Nthawi zina zimabwereranso mbali ina ya thupi. Chotupacho chimatha kubwerera zaka zambiri mutalandira chithandizo choyamba. Kuyezetsa ndi njira, kuphatikiza biopsy, zomwe zidachitika kuti azindikire ndikukhazikitsa chotupacho zitha kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati chotupacho chayambiranso.

• Mulingo wa chotupacho. Mulingo wa chotupacho umadalira momwe maselo a khansa amawonekera modabwitsa pa microscope komanso momwe chotupacho chimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chotupacho komanso ngati panali maselo ena a khansa omwe atsala atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti akonzekere chithandizo. Mulingo wa chotupacho sugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chithandizo chamitundu yonse ya zotupa zaubongo ndi msana.

• Gulu langozi. Magulu owopsa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso pachiwopsezo kapena otsika, apakatikati, komanso pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amatengera kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chatsalira atachitidwa opaleshoni, kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa mkati mwaubongo ndi msana wam'mimba kapena mbali zina za thupi, komwe chotupacho chapangika, komanso zaka za mwanayo. Gulu lowopsa silimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chithandizo chamtundu uliwonse wamatenda am'mimbamu ndi m'mimba.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa poyesa ndi njira zomwe zachitika kuti mupeze (kupeza) zotupa zaubongo ndi zotupa za msana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chotupa.

Chotupacho chikachotsedwa pakuchita opareshoni, mayeso ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana amabwerezedwa kuti athandize kudziwa gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo (onani General Information gawo). Izi ndikuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chimatsalira pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni.

Mayesero ndi njira zina zitha kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati khansa yafalikira:

• Lumbar puncture: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuchokera pamtsempha. Izi zimachitika poika singano pakati pa mafupa awiri mumsana ndi CSF mozungulira msana ndikuchotsa madzi. Chitsanzo cha CSF chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zisonyezo zakuti chotupacho chafalikira ku CSF. Zitsanzozo zitha kuwunikiranso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ocheperako kapena kutsika kwa shuga kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa. Njirayi imatchedwanso LP kapena tapu ya msana. Kuboola lumbar nthawi zambiri sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zotupa za msana waubwana.

Lumbar kuboola. Wodwala amagona pamalo okuta patebulo. Dera laling'ono kumunsi kumapeto kwake, dzenje la msana (singano yayitali, yopyapyala) imalowetsedwa m'munsi mwa msana kuti muchotse madzi amadzimadzi (CSF, omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi buluu). Timadzimadzi timatumizidwa ku labotale kukayezetsa.

• Kujambula mafupa: Njira yowunika ngati pali magawo omwe amagawa mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa, m'mafupa. Katundu wocheperako kwambiri wa jakisoni amalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndikuyenda m'magazi. Zinthu zowononga nyukiliya zimasonkhanitsa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo imadziwika ndi sikani.

• Kulakalaka kwa mafuta m'mafupa ndi biopsy: Kuchotsa mafupa, magazi, ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka fupa poika singano yopanda kanthu m'chiuno kapena m'chifuwa. Dokotala akuwona mafupa, magazi, ndi mafupa pansi pa microscope kuti ayang'ane zizindikiro za khansa.

Kukhumba kwamfupa ndi mafupa. Gawo laling'ono la khungu litachita dzanzi, singano ya m'mafupa imalowetsedwa m'fupa la mwana m'chiuno. Zitsanzo zamagazi, mafupa, ndi mafupa amachotsedwa kuti zikaunikidwe ndi microscope.

Ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kubwerera (kubwerera) atalandira chithandizo.

Ubongo wobwerezabwereza waubwana kapena chotupa cha msana ndi womwe wabwereranso (kubwerera) atachiritsidwa. Maubongo aubwana ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kubwerera kumalo omwewo kapena gawo lina laubongo. Nthawi zina zimabwereranso mbali ina ya thupi. Chotupacho chimatha kubwerera zaka zambiri mutalandira chithandizo choyamba. Kuyezetsa ndi kuyesa masitepe ndi njira, kuphatikizapo biopsy, zitha kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chotupacho chayambiranso.

Chithandizo Chosankha Mwachidule

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zaubongo ndi msana.

• Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zaubongo kapena msana ayenera kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri

• kuchiza ubongo waubongo ndi zotupa za msana.

• Matenda aubongo ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimayamba khansa isanachitike ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka.

• Chithandizo cha bongo ndi zotupa za msana zingayambitse zovuta.

• Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni

• Thandizo la radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

• Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi tsinde lama cell

• Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

• Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

• Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zaubongo ndi msana.

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapezeka kwa ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zaubongo ndi msana. Mankhwala ena ndi ofanana (mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano), ndipo ena akuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndi kafukufuku wofufuza wothandizira kusintha chithandizo chamakono kapena kupeza zidziwitso zamankhwala atsopano kwa odwala khansa. Pamene mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopano ndichabwino kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizocho chitha kukhala chamankhwala wamba.

Chifukwa khansa mwa ana ndiyosowa, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwachipatala kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Mayesero ena azachipatala ndi otseguka kwa odwala omwe sanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zaubongo kapena msana amayenera kukonzekera kuchipatala ndi gulu la othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza zotupa zaubongo ndi msana.

Chithandizo chidzayang'aniridwa ndi oncologist wa ana, dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pochiza ana omwe ali ndi khansa. Ocologist wa ana amagwira ntchito ndi ena othandizira azaumoyo omwe ndi akatswiri pochiza ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zamaubongo komanso omwe amakhazikika m'malo ena azamankhwala. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa:

• Dokotala wa ana.

• Neurosurgeon.

• Katswiri wa zamagulu.

• Dokotala wa neuro-oncologist.

• Neuropathologist.

• Neuroradiologist.

• Wofufuza oncologist.

• Katswiri wazamaphunziro.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo.

• Ophthalmologist.

• Katswiri wokonzanso.

• Wogwira ntchito.

• Namwino katswiri.

Matenda aubongo ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimayamba khansa isanachitike ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka.

Matenda aubongo ndi zotupa za msana zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimapitilira miyezi kapena zaka. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa chotupacho zimatha kuyamba asanadziwe. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala zimatha kuyamba nthawi kapena mutangotha ​​kulandira chithandizo.

Chithandizo cha bongo ndi zotupa za msana zingayambitse zovuta.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala oyambilira omwe amayamba mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa, onani tsamba lathu la Zotsatira Zotsatira.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa omwe amayamba atalandira chithandizo ndikupitilira kwa miyezi kapena zaka amatchedwa zotsatira zakuchedwa. Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa chithandizo cha khansa zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Mavuto athupi.

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, kuganiza, kuphunzira, kapena kukumbukira.

• Khansa yachiwiri (mitundu yatsopano ya khansa).

Zotsatira zina mochedwa zimatha kuthandizidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi madotolo a mwana wanu zamankhwala omwe khansa imatha kukhala nawo pamwana wanu. (Onani chidule cha pa Zotsatira Zotsiriza za Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ana kuti mumve zambiri).

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndikuchiza ubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana. Onani gawo la General Information pachidule ichi.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation ndi chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa kapena kuti asakule. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation:

• Mankhwala ochiritsira akunja amagwiritsa ntchito makina kunja kwa thupi kuti atumize cheza chaku khansa.

• Njira yothandizira poizoniyu yamkati imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive otsekedwa ndi singano, njere, mawaya, kapena ma catheters omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji kapena pafupi ndi khansa.

Momwe mankhwala a radiation amaperekedwera zimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Thandizo la radiation lakunja limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zotupa zaubongo ndi msana.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, mwina popha ma cell kapena kuwaletsa kuti asagawane. Chemotherapy ikamamwa pakamwa kapena kulowetsedwa mumtsempha kapena minofu, mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatha kufikira ma cell a khansa mthupi lonse (systemic chemotherapy). Chemotherapy ikayikidwa mwachindunji mu cerebrospinal fluid, chiwalo, kapena thupi monga pamimba, mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri ma cell a khansa m'malo amenewo (chemotherapy am'madera). Momwe chemotherapy imaperekedwa imadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansa yomwe ikuchitidwa.

Mankhwala opatsirana khansa omwe amaperekedwa pakamwa kapena mumtsempha kuti athetse zotupa zaubongo ndi msana sizingadutse chotchinga cha magazi ndi kulowa m'madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana. M'malo mwake, mankhwala a anticancer amalowetsedwa m'malo amadzimadzi kupha ma cell a khansa pamenepo. Izi zimatchedwa intrathecal chemotherapy.

Mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala ikuyesedwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Gawo lachiduleli likufotokoza zamankhwala omwe akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala. Sizingatchule chithandizo chilichonse chatsopano chomwe akuphunzira. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala zimapezeka patsamba la NCI.

Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi tsinde lama cell

Mlingo waukulu wa chemotherapy umaperekedwa kuti uphe ma cell a khansa. Maselo athanzi, kuphatikiza maselo opanga magazi, nawonso amawonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Kuika timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi chithandizo m'malo mwa maselo omwe amapanga magazi. Maselo otchedwa stem cells (maselo a magazi osakhwima) amachotsedwa m'magazi kapena m'mafupa a wodwalayo kapena woperekayo ndipo amaundana ndi kusungidwa. Wodwalayo akamaliza chemotherapy, maselo osungidwa amasungunuka ndikubwezeretsedwanso mwa kulowetsedwa. Maselo amtundu wobwezeretsansowa amakula (ndikubwezeretsanso) maselo amthupi.

Odwala angaganize zopita nawo kukayezetsa.

Kwa odwala ena, kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa chithandizo chachipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Mayesero azachipatala ndi gawo limodzi la kafukufuku wa khansa. Mayesero azachipatala amachitika kuti apeze ngati mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kapena abwinoko kuposa mankhwala wamba.

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zochiritsira khansa zimachokera kumayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala. Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pachipatala atha kulandira chithandizo chofananira kapena kukhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo chatsopano.

Odwala omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamankhwala amathandizanso kukonza momwe khansa idzathandizire mtsogolo. Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala satsogolera kuchipatala chatsopano, nthawi zambiri amayankha mafunso ofunikira ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku.

Odwala amatha kulowa m'mayesero azachipatala asanayambe, asanayambe, kapena atayamba kulandira chithandizo cha khansa.

Mayesero ena azachipatala amangophatikizapo odwala omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Mayesero ena amayesa chithandizo kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo sinakhale bwino. Palinso mayesero azachipatala omwe amayesa njira zatsopano zothetsera khansa kuti isabwererenso (kubwerera) kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mayesero azachipatala akuchitika m'malo ambiri mdziko muno. Zambiri zamayeso azachipatala othandizidwa ndi NCI zitha kupezeka patsamba lofufuza zamankhwala la NCI. Mayesero azachipatala othandizidwa ndi mabungwe ena amapezeka patsamba la ClinicalTrials.gov.

Mayeso otsatirawa angafunike.

Ena mwa mayesero omwe adachitika kuti apeze khansa kapena kuti adziwe momwe khansa iliri angabwerezedwenso. Mayesero ena adzabwerezedwa kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Zisankho zakuti mupitilize, kusintha, kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo zitha kutengera zotsatira za mayeso awa.

Kuyesaku kumangopitilira kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi mankhwala atatha. Zotsatira zamayesowa zitha kuwonetsa ngati matenda a mwana wanu asintha kapena ngati khansa yabwereranso (kubwerera). Mayesowa nthawi zina amatchedwa kuyesa kutsata kapena kukayezetsa.

Kuchiza kwa Zotupa Zatsopano Zaubongo Zatsopano Komanso Zomwe Zimapezekanso

Ubongo umapangidwa ndimaselo osiyanasiyana. Zotupa zaubongo zaubwana zimagawidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kutengera mtundu wa khungu lomwe khansa imapangidwira komanso komwe chotupacho chidayamba kukula mu CNS. Mitundu ina yamatumba imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kutengera momwe chotupacho chimawonekera pa microscope komanso ngati chili ndi majini ena. Onani Gulu 1 pamndandanda wamatenda amtundu ndi zambiri zakuchizira ndi zamankhwala pazotupa zaubongo zomwe zangopezeka kumene komanso zobwerezabwereza.

Chithandizo cha Zotupa Zatsopano Zomwe Zapezeka Ndi Kupezeka Kwatsopano

Zotupa zama cell amitundu ingapo zimatha kupanga mu msana. Zotupa zazing'ono zam'mimba zam'mimba sizimafalikira. Zotupa zam'mimbazi zam'mimba zimatha kufalikira kumadera ena mumtsempha kapena kubongo. Onani mafupikitsidwe otsatirawa a kuti mumve zambiri pamagwiritsidwe ndi chithandizo cha zotupa za msana zomwe zapezeka kumene komanso zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi:

• Chithandizo cha Astrocytomas Childhood

• Chithandizo Chaubwana Chapakati Manjenje Embryonal Tumors Chithandizo

• Chithandizo cha Ependymoma Childhood

Kuti mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Ubongo Waubwana ndi Spinal Cord Tumors

Kuti mumve zambiri zaubongo waubwana ndi zotupa za msana, onani izi:

• Matenda a Ubongo Tumor Consortium (PBTC) Tulukani Chodzikanira

Kuti mumve zambiri za khansa yaubwana ndi zina zothandiza za khansa, onani izi:

• Za Khansa

• Khansa Za Ana

• Cure Search for Cancer ya Ana Tulukani Chodzikanira

• Zotsatira Zochedwetsa Khansa Yaana

• Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire ndi Khansa

• Ana omwe ali ndi khansa: Upangiri wa Makolo

• Khansa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata

• Kusinthana

• Kulimbana ndi khansa

• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu za khansa

• Kwa Opulumuka ndi Owasamalira