About-khansa / chithandizo / zoyipa-pakamwa-pakhosi / pakamwa-zovuta-pdq

Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Head / Neck Radiation Versio

Zambiri Pazovuta Zam'kamwa

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Zovuta pakamwa ndizofala kwa odwala khansa, makamaka omwe ali ndi khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

• Kupewa ndikuwongolera zovuta zakumwa kungakuthandizeni kupitiliza chithandizo cha khansa ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo chomwe chimakhudza mutu ndi khosi ayenera kukhala ndi chisamaliro chawo ndi gulu la madokotala ndi akatswiri.

Zovuta pakamwa ndizofala kwa odwala khansa, makamaka omwe ali ndi khansa yamutu ndi khosi.

Zovuta ndizovuta zamankhwala zatsopano zomwe zimachitika mkati kapena pambuyo pa matenda, njira, kapena chithandizo chamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchira kukhale kovuta. Zovuta zimatha kukhala zoyipa za matendawa kapena chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena atha kukhala ndi zifukwa zina. Zovuta pakamwa zimakhudza pakamwa.

Odwala khansa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakumwa pakamwa pazifukwa zingapo:

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation amachepetsa kapena kuletsa kukula kwa maselo atsopano.

Mankhwalawa amachedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwa maselo omwe akukula mwachangu, monga maselo a khansa. Maselo abwinobwino amkamwa amakula mwachangu, chifukwa chake mankhwala a khansa amatha kuwalepheretsa kukula. Izi zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa minofu yapakamwa kuti izikonzenso yokha ndikupanga maselo atsopano.

• Chithandizo cha ma radiation chitha kuwononga mwachindunji ndikuphwanya minofu yapakamwa, mafinya amate, ndi mafupa.

• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation amakhumudwitsa mabakiteriya pakamwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya mkamwa. Zina ndizothandiza ndipo zina ndizovulaza. Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala othandizira ma radiation amatha kusintha pakamwa ndi m'matumbo, omwe amapanga malovu. Izi zitha kusokoneza mabakiteriya athanzi. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa zilonda mkamwa, matenda, komanso kuwola kwa mano.

Chidulechi ndi zovuta zam'kamwa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation.

Kupewa ndikuwongolera zovuta zakumwa kungakuthandizeni kupitiliza chithandizo cha khansa ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Nthawi zina mankhwala amafunika kuchepetsedwa kapena chithandizo chimayimitsidwa chifukwa cha zovuta zam'kamwa. Kusamalira mosamala khansa isanayambike komanso kuthana ndi mavuto akangowonekera kumatha kupangitsa mavuto am'kamwa kukhala ochepa. Pakakhala zovuta zochepa, chithandizo cha khansa chitha kugwira ntchito bwino ndipo mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo chomwe chimakhudza mutu ndi khosi ayenera kukhala ndi chisamaliro chawo ndi gulu la madokotala ndi akatswiri.

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta pakamwa, oncologist adzagwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu wamano ndipo atha kukutumizirani kwa akatswiri ena azaumoyo omwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera. Izi zingaphatikizepo akatswiri awa:

• Namwino wa oncology.

• Akatswiri a mano.

• Kudya.

• Wothandizira kulankhula.

• Wogwira ntchito.

Zolinga zamkamwa ndi mano ndizosiyana chithandizo cha khansa isanachitike, nthawi, komanso pambuyo pake:

• Asanalandire khansa, cholinga ndikukonzekera chithandizo cha khansa pochiza mavuto am'kamwa.

• Pakati pa chithandizo cha khansa, zolinga ndikuteteza mavuto am'kamwa ndikuwongolera zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

• Pambuyo pochizidwa ndi khansa, zolinga zake ndizopangitsa kuti mano ndi nkhama zikhale zathanzi ndikuwongolera zovuta zilizonse za khansa ndi chithandizo chake.

Mavuto omwe amayamba pakumwa khansa ndi awa:

• Oral mucositis (zotupa zimatulutsa mamina mkamwa).

• Matenda.

• Mavuto a England.

• Sinthani kukoma.

• Ululu.

Zovuta izi zimatha kubweretsa mavuto ena monga kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Zovuta Pakamwa ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Kuchiza khansa kumatha kubweretsa mavuto am'kamwa ndi kukhosi.

• Zovuta za chemotherapy

• Zovuta zamankhwala othandizira ma radiation

• Zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation radiation

• Zovuta pakamwa zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha mankhwala omwewo (molunjika) kapena ndi zovuta zamankhwala (mwanjira zina).

• Zovuta zitha kukhala zovuta (zakanthawi kochepa) kapena zosatha (zokhalitsa).

Kuchiza khansa kumatha kubweretsa mavuto am'kamwa ndi kukhosi.

Zovuta za chemotherapy

Mavuto amlomo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chemotherapy ndi awa:

• Kutupa ndi zilonda zam'mimba m'mimba kapena m'matumbo.

• Kutuluka magazi mosavuta pakamwa.

• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Zovuta zamankhwala othandizira ma radiation

Zovuta zam'kamwa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala a radiation kumutu ndi m'khosi ndi izi:

• Fibrosis (kukula kwa minofu yolimba) mumimbambo yamkamwa.

• Kuwonongeka kwa mano ndi chiseyeye.

• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu mdera lomwe limalandira ma radiation.

• Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa mdera lomwe limalandira ma radiation.

• Fibrosis ya minofu mdera lomwe limalandira radiation.

Zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation radiation

Zovuta zamlomo kwambiri zimatha chifukwa cha chemotherapy kapena radiation. Izi ndi izi:

• Ziphuphu zotupa pakamwa.

• Matenda mkamwa kapena amene akudutsa m'magazi. Izi zimatha kufikira ndikukhudza maselo mthupi lonse.

• Lawani zosintha.

• Pakamwa pouma.

• Ululu.

• Zosintha pakukula kwamano ndi kukula kwa ana.

• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (kusapeza zakudya zokwanira zomwe thupi limafunikira kuti likhale la thanzi) kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kudya.

• Kutaya madzi m'thupi (kusapeza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe thupi liyenera kukhala lathanzi) kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kumwa.

• Kuwonongeka kwa mano ndi chiseyeye.

Zovuta pakamwa zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha mankhwala omwewo (molunjika) kapena ndi zovuta zamankhwala (mwanjira zina).

Chithandizo cha radiation chitha kuwononga mwachindunji minofu yapakamwa, mafinya amate, ndi mafupa. Madera omwe amathandizidwa atha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka. Kuchulukitsa kwa thupi kumatha kuwononga mpaka kalekale matumbo amate. Izi zitha kusintha momwe zakudya zimamvekera ndikupangitsa mkamwa wouma.

Kuchepetsa kuchira ndi matenda ndizovuta zina zachithandizo cha khansa. Onse chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation amatha kuyimitsa ma cell kuti asagawanike ndikuchepetsa machiritso mkamwa. Chemotherapy imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amwazi ndikuchepetsa chitetezo chamthupi (ziwalo ndi maselo omwe amalimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda). Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutenga matenda.

Zovuta zitha kukhala zovuta (zakanthawi kochepa) kapena zosatha (zokhalitsa).

Zovuta zazikulu ndizomwe zimachitika mukamalandira chithandizo kenako nkumapita. Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimachiritsa mankhwala atatha.

Mavuto osachiritsika ndi omwe amapitilira kapena kuwonekera miyezi mpaka zaka chithandizo chitatha. Poizoniyu imatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena koma itha kupanganso kuwonongeka kwa minofu kosatha komwe kumayika pachiwopsezo chazovuta zam'mlomo. Mavuto otsatirawa atha kupitilirabe pambuyo poti mankhwala a radiation kumutu kapena m'khosi atha:

• Pakamwa pouma.

• Kuola mano.

• Matenda.

• Lawani zosintha.

• Mavuto am'kamwa ndi nsagwada omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutayika kwa minofu ndi fupa.

• Mavuto am'kamwa ndi nsagwada omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwa zotupa zopanda pake pakhungu ndi minofu.

Kuchita opaleshoni yapakamwa kapena ntchito ina yamano kumatha kubweretsa zovuta kwa odwala omwe adalandira mankhwala owunikira pamutu kapena m'khosi. Onetsetsani kuti dokotala wanu wamankhwala akudziwa mbiri yaumoyo wanu komanso chithandizo cha khansa chomwe mudalandira.

Kupewa ndi Kuthana ndi Mavuto Amlomo Asanachitike Chemotherapy kapena Therapy radiation Therapy Iyamba

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Kupeza ndi kuchiza mavuto am'kamwa musanalandire chithandizo cha khansa kumatha kupewa zovuta zam'kamwa kapena kuzipangitsa kukhala zochepa.

• Kupewa zovuta zakumwa kumaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kusamalira bwino m'kamwa, komanso kuyezetsa mano.

• Odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy yayikulu, kuponyera ma cell a stem, kapena chithandizo chama radiation ayenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la chisamaliro pakamwa mankhwala asanayambe.

• Ndikofunika kuti odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya mutu kapena khosi asiye kusuta.

Kupeza ndi kuchiza mavuto am'kamwa musanalandire chithandizo cha khansa kumatha kupewa zovuta zam'kamwa kapena kuzipangitsa kukhala zochepa.

Mavuto monga zotupa, mano osweka, korona wosasunthika kapena kudzazidwa, ndi matenda a chingamu amatha kukulirakulira kapena kuyambitsa mavuto mukamalandira khansa. Mabakiteriya amakhala mkamwa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matenda pamene chitetezo cha mthupi sichikugwira ntchito bwino kapena kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kumakhala kotsika. Ngati mavuto amano amachiritsidwa khansa isanayambike, pamatha kukhala zovuta zochepa pakamwa.

Kupewa zovuta zakumwa kumaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kusamalira bwino m'kamwa, komanso kuyezetsa mano.

Njira zopewera zovuta zam'kamwa ndi izi:

• Idyani chakudya choyenera. Kudya moyenera kumatha kuthandiza thupi kuthana ndi nkhawa yothandizira khansa, kuthandizira kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu, kulimbana ndi matenda, komanso kumanganso minofu.

• Sungani pakamwa panu ndi mano. Izi zimathandiza kupewa zotupa, zilonda mkamwa, ndi matenda.

• Khalani ndi mayeso athunthu am'kamwa.

Dokotala wamano wanu ayenera kukhala m'gulu lanu losamalira khansa. Ndikofunikira kusankha dotolo wamano yemwe akudziwa kuchiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva pakumwa khansa. Kuyesedwa kwaumoyo wanu wamkamwa osachepera mwezi umodzi mankhwala a khansa asanayambe nthawi zambiri kumapereka nthawi yokwanira kuti pakamwa panu pakhale kuchira ngati pakufunika ntchito yamano. Dokotala wamankhwala amachiza mano omwe amatha kutenga matenda kapena kuwola. Izi zithandiza kupewa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chamano mukamalandira khansa. Chisamaliro chodzitchinjiriza chitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa pakamwa pouma, chomwe chimakhala vuto lofala la radiation pamutu kapena pakhosi.

Kuyezetsa kupewa pakamwa kudzayang'ana zotsatirazi:

• Zilonda za pakamwa kapena matenda.

• Kuola mano.

• Matenda a chingamu.

• Mano ovekera omwe samakwanira bwino.

• Mavuto akusuntha nsagwada.

• Mavuto ndi mate am'matumbo.

Odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy yayikulu, kuponyera ma cell a stem, kapena chithandizo chama radiation ayenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la chisamaliro pakamwa mankhwala asanayambe.

Cholinga cha dongosolo la chisamaliro pakamwa ndikupeza ndi kuchiza matenda amkamwa omwe angayambitse zovuta panthawi yamankhwala ndikupitiliza kusamalidwa pakamwa mukachira ndikuchira. Zovuta zakumlomo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika panthawi zosiyanasiyana. Njira zitha kuchitidwa nthawi isanakwane kuti muchepetse kapena kuchepetsanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Kusamalira pakamwa mukamayatsa ma radiation kumadalira izi:

• Zosowa zenizeni za wodwalayo.

• Mlingo wa radiation.

• Mbali ya thupi yothandizidwa.

• Mankhwalawa amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.

• Zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika.

Ndikofunika kuti odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya mutu kapena khosi asiye kusuta.

Kupitirizabe kusuta fodya kungachedwetse kuchira. Zingathenso kuonjezera chiopsezo kuti khansa ya mutu kapena khosi ibwererenso kapena kuti khansa yachiwiri ipangidwe.

Kusamalira Zovuta Zamlomo Pakadutsa kapena Pambuyo pa Chemotherapy kapena Therapy radiation

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse Pakamwa

• Ukhondo wabwino wa mano ungathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zovuta.

• Kusamalira pakamwa tsiku lililonse kwa odwala khansa kumaphatikizapo kusunga pakamwa moyera komanso kukhala odekha ndi minofu pakamwa.

• Pakamwa Pakamwa

• Pakamwa mucositis ndikutupa kwaminyewa pakamwa.

• Kusamalira mucositis pa chemotherapy ndi radiation kumaphatikizapo kutsuka mkamwa ndikuthana ndi ululu.

• Ululu

• Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zopweteketsa mkamwa mwa odwala khansa.

• Kupweteka pakamwa mwa odwala khansa kumatha chifukwa cha khansara.

• Kupweteka pakamwa kumatha kukhala zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala.

• Mankhwala ena opha khansa amatha kupweteka m'kamwa.

• Kupera mano kumatha kupweteka m'mano kapena nsagwada.

• Kuwongolera zowawa kumathandizira kukonza moyo wa wodwalayo.

• Matenda

• Kuwonongeka kwa mkamwa ndi kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumapangitsa kuti matenda azitha kuchitika mosavuta.

• Matenda angayambidwe ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, kapena kachilombo.

• Magazi

• Kuthira magazi kumatha kupezeka ngati mankhwala opha khansa amachititsa kuti magazi asamaundane.

• Odwala ambiri amatha kutsuka bwinobwino ndikuwuluka kwinaku magazi akuwerengedwa.

• Pakamwa Pouma

• Pakamwa pouma (xerostomia) imachitika pamene tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mate sizipanga malovu okwanira.

• Zilonda za salivary nthawi zambiri zimabwerera mwakale pambuyo poti chemotherapy yatha.

• Zilonda za salivary sizimachira kwathunthu mankhwala a radiation atatha.

• Ukhondo wosamala pakamwa ungathandize kupewa zilonda mkamwa, matenda a chiseyeye, ndi kuwola kwa mano komwe kumachitika chifukwa chouma pakamwa.

• Kuwonongeka kwa Mano

• Lawani Zosintha

• Kusintha kwa kukoma (dysguesia) kumakhala kofala pa chemotherapy ndi radiation.

• Kutopa

• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi

• Kutaya njala kumatha kudzetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

• Thandizo lazakudya limatha kuphatikiza zakumwa zamadzimadzi komanso kudyetsa chubu.

• Kuuma pakamwa ndi nsagwada

• Kuthetsa Mavuto

• Zowawa mukammeza komanso kulephera kumeza (dysphagia) ndizofala kwa odwala khansa isanachitike, nthawi, komanso chithandizo.

• Kuvuta kumeza kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta zina.

• Kaya mankhwala a radiation angakhudze kumeza zimadalira pazinthu zingapo.

• Mavuto akumeza nthawi zina amapita atalandira chithandizo

• Mavuto akumeza amayang'aniridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri.

• Matenda a Matenda ndi Mafupa

Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse Pakamwa

Ukhondo wabwino wa mano ungathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zovuta.

Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa zaumoyo pakamwa mukamamwa khansa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa, kupeza, ndikuchiza zovuta posachedwa. Kusunga pakamwa, mano, ndi m'kamwa nthawi yoyera komanso itatha khansa kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta monga zotupa, zilonda mkamwa, ndi matenda.

Kusamalira pakamwa tsiku lililonse kwa odwala khansa kumaphatikizapo kusunga pakamwa moyera komanso kukhala odekha ndi minofu pakamwa.

Kusamalidwa pakamwa tsiku lililonse pa chemotherapy ndi mankhwala a radiation kumaphatikizapo izi:

Kutsuka mano

• Sambani mano ndi m'kamwa ndi burashi lofewa 2 kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsuka m'dera lomwe mano amakumana ndi nkhama ndikutsuka pafupipafupi.

• Muzimutsuka mswachi m'madzi otentha pakatha masekondi 15 mpaka 30 kuti muchepetse ziphuphu, ngati zingafunike.

• Gwiritsani ntchito burashi la thovu pokhapokha ngati burashi lofewa silingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Sambani kawiri kapena katatu patsiku ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutsuka kwa antibacterial. Muzimutsuka pafupipafupi.

• Lolani mswachi wouma mpweya pakati pa kutsuka.

• Gwiritsani mankhwala otsukira mano otsukira pang'ono. Kununkhira kumatha kukhumudwitsa pakamwa, makamaka kununkhira kwa timbewu tonunkhira.

• Ngati mankhwala otsukira mkamwa akukwiyitsani pakamwa panu, tsukani ndi chisakanizo cha supuni ya 1/4 ya mchere yowonjezeredwa mu chikho chimodzi cha madzi.

Kutsuka

• Gwiritsani ntchito kutsuka maola awiri aliwonse kuti muchepetse kupweteka pakamwa. Sungunulani supuni 1/4 ya mchere ndi 1/4 supuni ya tiyi ya soda mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi.

• Kutsuka kwa antibacterial kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kapena kanayi patsiku pa matenda a chiseyeye. Muzimutsuka kwa mphindi 1-2.

• Pakakhala pakamwa pouma, kutsuka sikungakhale kokwanira kutsuka mano mukatha kudya. Kutsuka ndi kupukuta kumafunika.

Kuthamanga

Thirani mokoma kamodzi patsiku.

Kusamalira milomo

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osamalira milomo, monga kirimu ndi lanolin, kupewa kuyanika ndi kulimbana.

Kusamalira mano

• Sambani ndi kutsuka mano tsiku lililonse. Gwiritsani ntchito mswachi wofewa kapena wopangira zotsukira.

• Sambani ndi chotsukira mano ovekedwa ndi dokotala wanu wa mano.

• Sungani mano opangira mano asanavale. Aikeni m'madzi kapena moviika m'mano kapena mano. Musagwiritse ntchito madzi otentha, omwe angapangitse kuti mano ovekera asatayike.

Kuti mupeze chisamaliro chapadera pakamwa kwamankhwala am'magazi am'magazi am'magazi komanso poika ma cell a stem, onani gawo la Managing Complications of High-Dose Chemotherapy ndi / kapena gawo la Kupatsirana kwa Maselo a Tsinde la chidule ichi.

Pakamwa Pakamwa

Pakamwa mucositis ndikutupa kwaminyewa pakamwa.

Mawu oti "m'kamwa mucositis" ndi "stomatitis" amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake, koma ndi osiyana.

• Pakamwa mucositis ndikutupa kwaminyewa pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zofiira, zotentha ngati zotupa kapena ngati zilonda zam'mimba mkamwa.

• Stomatitis ndikutupa kwa mamina ndi ziwalo zina mkamwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo nkhama, lilime, denga ndi pansi pakamwa, komanso mkati mwa milomo ndi masaya.

Mucositis imatha chifukwa cha radiation radiation kapena chemotherapy.

• Mucositis yoyambitsidwa ndi chemotherapy imadzichiritsa yokha, nthawi zambiri m'masabata awiri kapena anayi ngati palibe matenda.

• Matenda a mucositis omwe amayamba chifukwa cha radiation amatenga milungu 6 mpaka 8, kutengera kutalika kwa mankhwalawo.

• Odwala omwe amalandira mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri kapena chemoradiation yothandizira ma cell: Matenda a mucositis nthawi zambiri amayamba masiku 7 mpaka 10 mankhwala atayamba, ndipo amatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri mankhwala atatha.

Kusambira tchipisi tating'onoting'ono m'kamwa kwa mphindi 30, kuyambira mphindi 5 odwala asanalandire fluorouracil, kungathandize kupewa mucositis. Odwala omwe amalandila chemotherapy wambiri komanso kuponyera ma cell amathandizidwa atha kupatsidwa mankhwala othandizira kupewa mucositis kapena kuti asakhalepo mpaka kalekale.

Mucositis ingayambitse mavuto awa:

• Ululu.

• Matenda.

• Magazi, mwa odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy. Odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo chama radiation nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi magazi.

• Kuvuta kupuma ndi kudya.

Kusamalira mucositis pa chemotherapy ndi radiation kumaphatikizapo kutsuka mkamwa ndikuthana ndi ululu.

Chithandizo cha mucositis choyambitsidwa ndi radiation radiation kapena chemotherapy ndichofanana. Chithandizo chimadalira kuchuluka kwanu kwama cell oyera komanso kuopsa kwa mucositis. Njira zotsatirazi ndi zochizira mucositis panthawi ya chemotherapy, stem cell kumuika, kapena radiation radiation:

Kutsuka mkamwa

• Sambani mano ndi pakamwa maola 4 aliwonse komanso nthawi yogona. Chitani izi pafupipafupi ngati mucositis ikuipiraipira.

• Gwiritsani ntchito mswachi wofewa.

• Bwezerani msuwachi wanu nthawi zambiri.

• Gwiritsani mafuta odzola osungunuka m'madzi, kuti pakamwa panu pakhale chinyezi.

• Gwiritsani ntchito rinses wofatsa kapena madzi wamba. Kutsuka pafupipafupi kumachotsa zidutswa za chakudya ndi mabakiteriya mkamwa, kumathandiza kuti zilonda zisamang'ambike, ndikunyowetsa komanso kutontholetsa m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa.

• Ngati zilonda zam'kamwa zayamba kutumphuka, muzitsuka zotsatirazi:

• Atatu mwa hydrogen peroxide osakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa madzi kapena madzi amchere. Kuti mupange madzi osakaniza amchere, ikani supuni 1/4 ya mchere mu chikho chimodzi cha madzi.

Izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku opitilira 2 chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mucositis isachiritsidwe.

Kuchepetsa ululu wa mucositis

• Yesani mankhwala apakhungu kuti mumve kuwawa. Muzimutsuka m'kamwa musanaike mankhwalawo m'kamwa kapena m'kamwa. Pukutani pakamwa ndi mano pang'ono ndi chovala chonyowa choviikidwa m'madzi amchere kuti muchotse zidutswa za chakudya.

• Ma Painkillers amatha kuthandizira ngati mankhwala apakhungu satero. Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDS, ma aspirin-painkillers) sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy chifukwa amachulukitsa magazi.

• Zinc zowonjezerapo zotengedwa panthawi ya radiation zimathandizira kuthana ndi ululu womwe umayambitsidwa ndi mucositis komanso dermatitis (kutupa kwa khungu).

• Povidone-ayodini mouthwash yomwe ilibe mowa ingathandize kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa mucositis chifukwa cha radiation radiation.

Onani gawo la Zowawa pachidule ichi kuti mumve zambiri za kuwongolera kupweteka.

Ululu

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zopweteketsa mkamwa mwa odwala khansa.

Kupweteka kwa wodwala khansa kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha izi:

• Khansara.

• Zotsatira zoyipa za chithandizo cha khansa.

• Matenda ena osakhudzana ndi khansa.

Chifukwa pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zopweteketsa mkamwa, kuzindikira mosamala ndikofunikira. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Mbiri yazachipatala.

• Mayeso athupi ndi mano.

• X-ray ya mano.

Kupweteka pakamwa mwa odwala khansa kumatha chifukwa cha khansara.

Khansa imatha kupweteka m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Chotupacho chimasindikiza m'malo oyandikira pomwe chimakula ndikumakhudza mitsempha ndikuyambitsa kutupa.

• Leukemias ndi ma lymphomas, omwe amafalikira mthupi ndipo atha kukhudza madera ovuta mkamwa. Multiple myeloma imatha kukhudza mano.

• Zotupa zamaubongo zimatha kupangitsa mutu.

• Khansa imafalikira kumutu ndi kukhosi kuchokera mbali zina za thupi ndikupweteketsa mkamwa.

• Ndi khansa zina, zowawa zimatha kumveka m'malo ena a thupi pafupi ndi khansa. Izi zimatchedwa kupweteka komwe kumatchulidwa. Zotupa za mphuno, mmero, ndi mapapo zimatha kupweteketsa mkamwa kapena nsagwada.

Kupweteka pakamwa kumatha kukhala zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala.

Oral mucositis ndiye gawo lofala kwambiri la radiation mankhwala ndi chemotherapy. Zowawa m'matumbo nthawi zambiri zimapitilira kwakanthawi ngakhale mucositis itachiritsidwa.

Opaleshoni imatha kuwononga mafupa, misempha, kapena minofu ndipo imatha kupweteka. Bisphosphonates, mankhwala omwe amachiza kupweteka kwa mafupa, nthawi zina amachititsa kuti mafupa asweke. Izi zimafala kwambiri pambuyo pochita mano ngati kukokedwa ndi dzino. (Onani zovuta zamlomo zosagwirizana ndi Chemotherapy kapena Radiation Therapy gawo la chidulechi kuti mumve zambiri.)

Odwala omwe amasintha amatha kukhala ndi matendawa (GVHD). Izi zitha kuyambitsa kutupa kwa mamina ndi kupweteka kwamafundo. (Onani gawo la Managing Complications of High-Dose Chemotherapy ndi / kapena gawo la Transem Cell Transplant mwachidule ichi kuti mumve zambiri).

Mankhwala ena opha khansa amatha kupweteka m'kamwa.

Ngati mankhwala oletsa khansa akuyambitsa kupweteka, kuimitsa mankhwalawo kumasiya ululu. Chifukwa pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zowawa mkamwa mukamamwa khansa, kuzindikira mosamala ndikofunikira. Izi zitha kuphatikizaponso mbiri yazachipatala, mayeso athupi komanso mano, ndi ma x-ray amano.

Odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi mano osakhazikika patatha milungu kapena miyezi ingapo chemotherapy itatha. Mankhwala a fluoride kapena mankhwala otsukira mano kwa mano osakhazikika atha kuthetsa vutoli.

Kupera mano kumatha kupweteka m'mano kapena nsagwada.

Zowawa m'mano kapena nsagwada zimatha kupezeka kwa odwala omwe amakukuta mano kapena okuta nsagwada zawo, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chopsinjika kapena kusagona. Chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira kupumula kwa minofu, mankhwala othandiza kuthana ndi nkhawa, chithandizo chamankhwala (kutentha konyowa, kutikita minofu, ndi kutambasula), ndi alonda pakamwa kuti avale ali mtulo.

Kuwongolera zowawa kumathandizira kukonza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Kupweteka pakamwa ndi pankhope kumatha kukhudza kudya, kuyankhula, ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mutu, khosi, pakamwa, ndi pakhosi. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yamutu ndi khosi amakhala ndi ululu. Dokotala atha kufunsa wodwalayo kuti awerenge ululuwo pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo. Izi zitha kukhala pamiyeso kuyambira 0 mpaka 10, pomwe 10 ndiyo yoyipitsitsa. Mulingo wamva kuwawa umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kuti odwala azikambirana ndi adotolo za zowawa.

Ululu wosalamuliridwa ungakhudze magawo onse amoyo wa wodwalayo. Zowawa zimatha kubweretsa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, komanso kulepheretsa wodwalayo kugwira ntchito kapena kusangalala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi abwenzi komanso abale. Ululu nawonso umachedwetsa kuchira kwa khansa kapena kumabweretsa mavuto ena atsopano. Kuchepetsa ululu wa khansa kumatha kuthandiza wodwalayo kuti azisangalala ndi zochita zake komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kwa kupweteka kwa m'kamwa kwa mucositis, mankhwala am'mutu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onani gawo la Oral Mucositis la chidule ichi kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungachepetsere kupweteka kwa m'kamwa.

Mankhwala ena opweteka amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina, pamafunika mankhwala opweteka amodzi. Opumitsa minofu ndi mankhwala a nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa kapena kupewa khunyu zitha kuthandiza odwala ena. Chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri, ma opioid amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala.

Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amathandizanso, kuphatikizapo izi:

• Thandizo lakuthupi.

• TENS (kukondoweza kwamagetsi kwamagetsi).

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kuzizira kapena kutentha.

• Matenda.

• Kutema mphini. (Onani chidule cha pa kutema mphini.)

• Kusokoneza.

• Mankhwala opumulira kapena zithunzi.

• Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe.

• Nyimbo kapena sewero lamankhwala.

• Uphungu.

Matenda

Kuwonongeka kwa mkamwa ndi kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumapangitsa kuti matenda azitha kuchitika mosavuta.

Pakamwa mucositis imagwetsa mkamwa, zomwe zimalola mabakiteriya ndi ma virus kulowa m'magazi. Chitetezo chamthupi chikafooka ndi chemotherapy, ngakhale mabakiteriya abwino mkamwa amatha kuyambitsa matenda. Majeremusi omwe amachokera kuchipatala kapena malo ena amathanso kuyambitsa matenda.

Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kumachepetsa, matenda amatha kupezeka pafupipafupi ndikukhala oopsa kwambiri. Odwala omwe amakhala ndi magazi oyera oyera kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana. Pakamwa pouma, kamene kamakonda kupezeka pamankhwala a radiation kumutu ndi m'khosi, kumathandizanso kuti pakhale matenda opatsirana mkamwa.

Kusamalira mano asanapange chemotherapy ndi radiation kumayambitsidwa kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda mkamwa, mano, kapena m'kamwa.

Matenda angayambidwe ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, kapena kachilombo.

Matenda a bakiteriya

Chithandizo cha matenda a bakiteriya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiseye ndipo amalandila chemotherapy wambiri atha kukhala awa:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kutsuka kwamkamwa kwamankhwala.

• Kutsuka ndi kupukuta.

• Kuvala mano pang'ono pang'ono momwe angathere.

Matenda a fungal

Pakamwa pake pamakhala bowa yemwe amatha kukhala kapena pakamwa popanda kuyambitsa mavuto. Komabe, kukula kwambiri (bowa wambiri) mkamwa kumatha kukhala koopsa ndipo kuyenera kuthandizidwa.

Maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala a steroid amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri wodwala akalandira chemotherapy amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwama cell oyera. Mankhwalawa amasintha mabakiteriya pakamwa, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti bowa likukula. Komanso, matenda a mafangasi amapezeka mwa odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi radiation. Odwala omwe amalandira chithandizo cha khansa atha kupatsidwa mankhwala kuti ateteze matenda a fungal kuti asachitike.

Candidiasis ndi mtundu wa matenda am'fungulo omwe amapezeka mwa odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy ndi radiation. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizaponso ululu woyaka komanso kusintha kwa kukoma. Kuchiza matenda opatsirana ndi mafangasi mkamwa kokha kungaphatikizepo kutsuka mkamwa ndi lozenges omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Muzimutsuka m'manja mwanu kuti muzilowetsa m'mano ndi m'mano ndi kutsuka mkamwa. Mankhwala amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rinses ndi lozenges sizichotsa matendawa. Nthawi zina mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera matenda a mafangasi.

Matenda opatsirana

Odwala omwe amalandira chemotherapy, makamaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi tsinde, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda opatsirana. Matenda a Herpesvirus ndi ma virus ena obisika (omwe amapezeka mthupi koma osagwira kapena kuchititsa zizindikilo) atha kuyaka. Kupeza ndi kuchiza matendawa koyambirira ndikofunikira. Kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo asanayambe kumwa kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana.

Magazi

Kuthira magazi kumatha kupezeka ngati mankhwala opha khansa amachititsa kuti magazi asamaundane.

Chemotherapy yamphamvu kwambiri komanso kusanjikiza kwa maselo am'magazi kumatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwamagazi m'magazi. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto ndikutsegula magazi m'thupi. Kutuluka magazi kumatha kukhala kofewa (mawanga ofiira ang'ono pamilomo, mkamwa wofewa, kapena pansi pakamwa) kapena mwamphamvu, makamaka pamzere wa chingamu ndi zilonda zam'mimbazi. Madera a chingamu amatha kutuluka magazi pawokha kapena akakwiyitsidwa ndi kudya, kutsuka, kapena kupukuta. Kuwerengera kwa ma platelet kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, magazi amatha kutuluka m'kamwa.

Odwala ambiri amatha kutsuka bwinobwino ndikuwuluka kwinaku magazi akuwerengedwa.

Kupitiliza kusamalidwa pakamwa nthawi zonse kumathandiza kupewa matenda omwe angapangitse mavuto akuchuluka magazi. Dokotala wanu wamankhwala kapena dokotala amatha kufotokoza momwe angachiritse magazi komanso kuti pakamwa panu pazikhala motetezeka pakakhala kuchuluka kwa ma platelet.

Chithandizo cha kutuluka magazi pa chemotherapy chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi komanso kuthandizira kuundana.

• Zapamwamba zomwe zimaphimba ndikusindikiza madera akutuluka magazi.

• Kutsuka ndi madzi osakaniza amchere ndi 3% hydrogen peroxide. (Chosakanizacho chiyenera kukhala ndi madzi amchere kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa hydrogen peroxide.) Kuti mupange madzi osakaniza amchere, ikani supuni ya tiyi ya mchere mu chikho chimodzi cha madzi. Izi zimathandiza kutsuka mabala mkamwa. Muzimutsuka mosamala kuti kuundana kusasokonezeke.

Pakamwa Pouma

Pakamwa pouma (xerostomia) imachitika pamene tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mate sizipanga malovu okwanira.

Malovu amapangidwa ndimatope amatevu. Malovu amafunikira kulawa, kumeza, ndi kuyankhula. Zimathandiza kupewa matenda komanso kuwola kwa mano poyeretsa mano ndi nkhama komanso kupewa asidi wambiri pakamwa.

Mankhwala a radiation amatha kuwononga tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ndikuwapangitsa kuti apange malovu ochepa. Mitundu ina ya chemotherapy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cell angayambitsenso matumbo amate.

Pakakhala malovu osakwanira, pakamwa pamauma komanso povuta. Matendawa amatchedwa mkamwa wouma (xerostomia). Chiopsezo chowola mano, matenda a chiseyeye, ndi matenda zimawonjezeka, ndipo moyo wanu umavutika.

Zizindikiro za pakamwa pouma ndi izi:

• Malovuvu, olimba.

• Kuchuluka kwa ludzu.

• Kusintha kwa kukoma, kumeza, kapena kuyankhula.

• Kumva kupweteka kapena kuyaka (makamaka lilime).

• Mabala kapena ming'alu pamilomo kapena pakona pakamwa.

• Zosintha padziko lapansi.

• Mavuto ovala mano.

Zilonda za salivary nthawi zambiri zimabwerera mwakale pambuyo poti chemotherapy yatha.

Pakamwa pouma kamene kamayambitsa chemotherapy yopangira ma cell a stem nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhalitsa. Matenda amate nthawi zambiri amachira pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu chemotherapy itatha.

Zilonda za salivary sizimachira kwathunthu mankhwala a radiation atatha.

Kuchuluka kwa malovu opangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatuluka nthawi zambiri kumayamba kuchepa pasanathe sabata imodzi mutayamba mankhwala othandizira ma radiation kumutu kapena m'khosi. Ikupitilira kuchepa pomwe chithandizo chimapitilira. Kuuma kwake kumakhala kovuta kumadalira kuchuluka kwa radiation ndi kuchuluka kwa ma gland amate omwe amalandira radiation.

Zilonda za salivary zimatha kuchira mchaka choyamba pambuyo pochiritsidwa ndi radiation. Komabe, kuchira nthawi zambiri sikokwanira, makamaka ngati tiziwalo timene timatulutsa madzi amalandira cheza chachindunji. Zilonda za salivary zomwe sizinalandire radiation zimatha kuyamba kupanga malovu ambiri opangira kutaya kwa malovu kuchokera kumatenda owonongeka.

Ukhondo wosamala pakamwa ungathandize kupewa zilonda mkamwa, matenda a chiseyeye, ndi kuwola kwa mano komwe kumachitika chifukwa chouma pakamwa.

Kusamalira pakamwa pouma kungaphatikizepo izi:

• Sambani mkamwa ndi mano osachepera kanayi patsiku.

• Floss kamodzi patsiku.

• Sambani ndi mankhwala otsukira mano.

• Thirani mafuta a fluoride kamodzi patsiku nthawi yogona, mukatsuka mano.

• Muzimutsuka kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku ndi mchere ndi soda.

• Pewani zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zili ndi shuga wambiri.

• Sip madzi nthawi zambiri kuti athetse mkamwa.

Dokotala wamano amatha kupereka mankhwala awa:

• Rinses m'malo amchere m'mano.

• Zitsamba zolimbana ndi matenda mkamwa.

• Olowa m'malo mwa malovu kapena mankhwala omwe amathandiza ma gland amatevu kupanga malovu ambiri.

• Mankhwala a fluoride popewa kuwola kwa mano.

Kutema mphini kumathandizanso kuthetsa mkamwa wouma.

Kuwonongeka kwa Mano

Pakamwa pouma komanso kusintha kwa mabakiteriya mkamwa kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha kuwola kwa mano. Kusamalira ukhondo pakamwa komanso kusamalira madokotala a mano nthawi zonse kumathandiza kupewa zotupa. Onani gawo la Regular Care Care mwachidulechi kuti mumve zambiri.

Lawani Zosintha

Kusintha kwa kukoma (dysguesia) kumakhala kofala pa chemotherapy ndi radiation.

Zosintha pamalingaliro a kukoma ndizotsatira zoyipa za chemotherapy komanso mankhwala a radiation pamutu kapena m'khosi. Kusintha kwa kulawa kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masamba a kulawa, pakamwa pouma, matenda, kapena mavuto amano. Zakudya zitha kuwoneka kuti zilibe kukoma kapena sizimalawa momwe zimamvekera asanalandire khansa. Minyewa imatha kusintha kusintha kwa zokoma, zowawa, zowawa komanso zamchere. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amatha kuyambitsa chisangalalo chosasangalatsa.

Odwala ambiri omwe amalandira chemotherapy komanso odwala ena amalandila chithandizo chama radiation, kulawa kumabwerera mwakale miyezi ingapo mankhwala atatha. Komabe, kwa odwala ambiri othandizira ma radiation, kusinthako kumakhala kwamuyaya. Kwa ena, masamba amakomedwe amatha kupezanso milungu 6 mpaka 8 kapena kupitilira apo mankhwala a radiation atatha. Zinc sulphate zowonjezera zingathandize odwala ena kuti ayambirenso kumva kukoma.

Kutopa

Odwala khansa omwe amalandila chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiation nthawi zambiri amamva kutopa (kusowa mphamvu). Izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa kapena chithandizo chake. Odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto logona. Odwala amatha kumva kuti atopa kwambiri kuti asamalandire pakamwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zilonda zam'kamwa, matenda, komanso kupweteka. (Onani chidule cha pa Kutopa kuti mumve zambiri.)

Kusowa zakudya m'thupi

Kutaya njala kumatha kudzetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi khansa yamutu ndi khosi amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Khansara yokha, kusadya bwino musanazindikiridwe, komanso zovuta za opaleshoni, mankhwala a radiation, ndi chemotherapy zimatha kubweretsa zovuta pazakudya. Odwala amatha kutaya chilakolako chofuna kudya chifukwa cha mseru, kusanza, kuvuta kumeza, zilonda mkamwa, kapena pakamwa pouma. Kudya kumayambitsa kusapeza bwino kapena kupweteka, moyo wa wodwalayo komanso thanzi lake limavutika. Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza odwala khansa kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo:

• Gwiritsani ntchito chakudya chodulidwa, chothira, kapena chophatikizidwa, kuti mufupikitse nthawi yomwe muyenera kukhala mkamwa musanamezedwe.

• Idyani zokhwasula-khwasula pakati pa chakudya kuti muwonjezere ma calories ndi michere.

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa mphamvu komanso zopatsa mphamvu.

• Tengani zowonjezera kuti mupeze mavitamini, mchere, ndi ma calories.

Kukumana ndi mlangizi wathanzi kumatha kuthandizira mukamalandira chithandizo komanso mukalandira chithandizo.

Thandizo lazakudya limatha kuphatikiza zakumwa zamadzimadzi komanso kudyetsa chubu.

Odwala ambiri amathandizidwa ndi khansa yam'mutu ndi khosi omwe amalandira chithandizo chama radiation okha amatha kudya zakudya zofewa. Pamene chithandizo chikupitilira, odwala ambiri amawonjezera kapena kusinthana ndi ma calorie apamwamba, zakumwa zomanga thupi kwambiri kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo. Odwala ena angafunike kulandira zakumwa kudzera mu chubu chomwe chimayikidwa m'mimba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Pafupifupi odwala onse omwe amalandila chemotherapy ndi mutu kapena khosi pochiza ma radiation nthawi yomweyo amafunika kuyamwa chubu mkati mwa milungu itatu kapena inayi. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti odwala amachita bwino atayamba kudyetsawa koyambirira kwamankhwala, asanayambe kuchepa thupi.

Kudya pakamwa mwachizolowezi kumayambiranso mankhwala akamalizidwa ndipo dera lomwe limalandira radiation limachiritsidwa. Gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo oyankhula ndi omwe amameza atha kuthandiza odwala kuti abwerere pakudya koyenera. Kudyetsa ma chubu kumachepa chifukwa kudya pakamwa kumawonjezeka, ndipo kumayimitsidwa mukamapeza zakudya zokwanira pakamwa. Ngakhale odwala ambiri adzathanso kudya zakudya zolimba, ambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zanthawi yayitali monga kusintha kwa makomedwe, pakamwa pouma, komanso kuvuta kumeza.

Kuuma pakamwa ndi nsagwada

Chithandizo cha khansa ya mutu ndi khosi chingakhudze kuthekera kosuntha nsagwada, pakamwa, m'khosi, ndi lilime. Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ndi kumeza. Kuuma kungayambidwe ndi:

• Opaleshoni yapakamwa.

• Zotsatira zakumapeto kwa mankhwala a radiation. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa minofu yolimba (fibrosis) pakhungu, mamina am'mimbamo, minofu, ndi mafupa a nsagwada kumatha kuchitika pambuyo poti mankhwala a radiation atha.

• Kupsinjika chifukwa cha khansa ndi chithandizo chake.

Kuuma kwa nsagwada kungayambitse mavuto akulu azaumoyo, kuphatikizapo:

• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuonda chifukwa cholephera kudya bwinobwino.

• Kuchira pang'onopang'ono ndikuchira kuchakudya choperewera.

• Mavuto amano chifukwa cholephera kutsuka mano ndi nkhama komanso kukhala ndi mano.

• Minofu ya nsagwada yofooka chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito.

• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kupewa kucheza ndi ena chifukwa chovuta kuyankhula ndi kudya.

Kuopsa kokhala ndi nsagwada kuuma kwa mankhwala a radiation kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma radiation ndi mankhwala obwezeretsa ma radiation mobwerezabwereza. Kuuma kwake kumayambira nthawi yonse yomwe chithandizo chama radiation chimatha. Zitha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi, kukhalabe momwemo, kapena kukhala bwino pakokha. Chithandizo chikuyenera kuyamba posachedwa kuti vutoli lisakule kapena kukhala lamuyaya. Chithandizo chake chingaphatikizepo izi

• Zipangizo zamankhwala pakamwa.

• Mankhwala opweteka.

• Mankhwala othandizira kupumula minofu.

• Zochita za nsagwada.

• Mankhwala ochiritsira kukhumudwa.

Kuthetsa Mavuto

Zowawa mukammeza komanso kulephera kumeza (dysphagia) ndizofala kwa odwala khansa isanachitike, nthawi, komanso chithandizo.

Mavuto akumeza amapezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Zotsatira zoyipa za khansa monga kamwa mucositis, mkamwa wouma, kuwonongeka kwa khungu kuchokera ku radiation, matenda, ndi matenda olandilidwa-motsutsana-ndi-host (GVHD) atha kubweretsa mavuto ndikumeza.

Kuvuta kumeza kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta zina.

Zovuta zina zimatha kupezeka chifukwa cholephera kumeza ndipo izi zitha kuchepetsa moyo wa wodwalayo:

• Chibayo ndi mavuto ena opuma: Odwala omwe akuvutika ndi kumeza amatha kufuna (kupumira chakudya kapena zakumwa m'mapapu) poyesa kudya kapena kumwa. Kupuma kumatha kubweretsa zovuta, kuphatikiza chibayo ndi kulephera kupuma.

• Chakudya choperewera: Kulephera kumeza nthawi zambiri kumavuta kudya bwino. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumachitika pamene thupi silipeza zakudya zonse zofunika paumoyo. Mabala amachira pang'onopang'ono ndipo thupi limalephera kulimbana ndi matenda.

• Kufunika kodyetsa chubu: Wodwala yemwe sangathe kudya chakudya chokwanira pakamwa akhoza kudyetsedwa kudzera mu chubu. Gulu lazachipatala komanso wolemba zamankhwala wovomerezeka atha kufotokoza zaubwino ndi kuopsa kwa kudyetsa kwa chubu kwa odwala omwe akumeza mavuto.

• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala opweteka: Opioid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kumeza kowawa atha kuyambitsa mkamwa ndi kudzimbidwa.

• Mavuto am'mutu: Kulephera kudya, kumwa, ndi kuyankhula bwino kumatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa komanso kufuna kupewa anthu ena.

Kaya mankhwala a radiation angakhudze kumeza zimadalira pazinthu zingapo.

Zotsatirazi zingakhudze chiopsezo chomeza mavuto pambuyo pochizira mankhwalawa:

• Chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi ma radiation. Mlingo wapamwamba kwakanthawi kochepa nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi zovuta zina.

• Momwe ma radiation amaperekedwera. Mitundu ina ya radiation imawononga pang'ono minofu yathanzi.

• Kaya chemotherapy imaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo kumawonjezeka ngati onse apatsidwa.

• Maonekedwe a wodwalayo.

• Kaya wodwalayo amamwa chakudya chilichonse pakamwa kapena pakudya mwa chubu.

• Kaya wodwalayo amasuta.

• Wodwala amalimbana ndimavuto.

Mavuto akumeza nthawi zina amapita atalandira chithandizo

Zovuta zina zimatha pakatha miyezi itatu chithandizo chitatha, ndipo odwala amatha kumeza bwinobwino. Komabe, mankhwala ena amatha kuwononga nthawi zonse kapena zotsatira zina mochedwa.

Zotsatira zakumalizira ndizovuta zaumoyo zomwe zimachitika nthawi yayitali chithandizo chitatha. Zomwe zingayambitse mavuto akumeza kapena zotsatira zina mochedwa ndi monga:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yowonongeka.

• Kuwononga minofu m'malo omwe amathandizidwa.

• Lymphedema (kuchuluka kwa ma lymph m'thupi).

• Kukula kwa minofu yolimba m'mutu kapena m'khosi, zomwe zingayambitse kuuma kwa nsagwada.

• Pakamwa pouma.

• Matenda.

Mavuto akumeza amayang'aniridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri.

Oncologist imagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo omwe amachita khansa ya mutu ndi khosi komanso zovuta zam'kamwa za chithandizo cha khansa. Akatswiriwa atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Wothandizira kulankhula: Wothandizira kulankhula amatha kuwunika momwe wodwalayo akumezera ndikupatsa wodwalayo kumeza mankhwala ndi chidziwitso kuti amvetsetse vutoli.

• Katswiri wazakudya: Katswiri wazakudya zitha kuthandiza kukonza njira yotetezeka kuti wodwalayo alandire zakudya zofunika pamoyo pomwe akumeza ndi vuto.

• Katswiri wamano: Sinthanitsani mano omwe akusowa ndi malo owonongeka pakamwa ndi zida zopangira zothandiza kumeza.

• Katswiri wazamisala: Kwa odwala omwe akuvutika kuti azolowere kulephera kumeza ndi kudya bwinobwino, upangiri wamaganizidwe ungathandize.

Matenda a Matenda ndi Mafupa

Chithandizo cha radiation chitha kuwononga mitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri yamafupa mkati mwa fupa. Izi zitha kupha minofu ya mafupa ndipo zimayambitsa mafupa kapena matenda. Poizoniyu amathanso kupha minofu pakamwa. Zilonda zimatha kupangika, kukula, ndikupweteka, kutaya mtima, kapena matenda.

Chisamaliro chodzitchinjiriza chimatha kupangitsa kuchepa kwa minofu ndi mafupa.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza kupewa ndi kuchiza minofu ndi mafupa:

• Idyani chakudya choyenera.

• Valani mano ovekera kapena zida zochepa momwe mungathere.

• Osasuta.

• Osamwa mowa.

• Gwiritsani ntchito maantibayotiki apakhungu.

• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opha ululu monga mwauzidwa.

• Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa fupa lakufa kapena kumanganso mafupa am'kamwa ndi nsagwada.

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito oxygen ikapanikizika kuti zithandizire kupola).

Onani chidule cha pa Nutrition in Cancer Care kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungayang'anire zilonda mkamwa, pakamwa pouma, komanso kusintha kwa kukoma.

Kusamalira Mavuto Amlomo a High-Dose Chemotherapy ndi / kapena Kupanga Cell Cell

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Odwala omwe amalowetsedwa amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana motsutsana ndi omwe amakhala nawo.

• Zipangizo zamlomo zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera panthawi yamankhwala apamwamba a chemotherapy ndi / kapena stem cell kumuika.

• Kusamalira mano ndi nkhama ndikofunikira panthawi ya chemotherapy kapena stem cell kumuika.

• Mankhwala ndi ayezi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndikuchiza mucositis kuchokera pakuika kwa cell cell.

• Chithandizo cha mano chingathe kuzimiririka mpaka chitetezo cha wodwalayo chitabwerera mwakale.

Odwala omwe amalowetsedwa amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana motsutsana ndi omwe amakhala nawo.

Matenda olandirana nawo (GVHD) amapezeka minofu yanu ikamakhudzidwa ndi fupa kapena mafupa am'madzi omwe amachokera kwa wopereka. Zizindikiro za m'kamwa GVHD ndi izi:

• Zilonda zomwe zili zofiira ndipo zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimapezeka pakamwa patatha masabata awiri kapena atatu mutangomaliza kumene.

• Pakamwa pouma.

• Zowawa kuchokera ku zonunkhira, mowa, kapena kununkhira (monga timbewu tonunkhira).

• Kumeza mavuto.

• Kumverera kolimba pakhungu kapena pakamwa.

• Lawani zosintha.

Ndikofunika kuti zizindikilo izi zithandizidwe chifukwa zimatha kubweretsa kunenepa kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Chithandizo cha m'kamwa GVHD chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Zotsukira pamutu, ma gels, mafuta, kapena ufa.

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatengedwa pakamwa kapena jekeseni.

• Thandizo la Psoralen ndi ultraviolet A (PUVA).

• Mankhwala omwe amathandiza ma gland amatevu kupanga malovu ambiri.

• Mankhwala a fluoride.

• Mankhwala ochotsa m'malo mwa mchere wotayika m'mano ndi zidulo mkamwa.

Zipangizo zamlomo zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera panthawi yamankhwala apamwamba a chemotherapy ndi / kapena stem cell kumuika.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandizira kusamalira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mano, mano, ndi zida zina zam'kamwa mukamwa mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena kusanjikiza kwa maselo.

• Khalani ndi mabakiteriya, mawaya, ndi zosunga zochotseredwa mankhwala a chemotherapy asanayambe.

• Valani mano ochenjera mukamadya mkati mwa milungu itatu kapena inayi yoyambirira mutayika.

• Sambani mano awiri patsiku ndikuatsuka bwino.

• Zilowerere m'mano oletsa antibacterial solution asanavale.

• Lambulani mano ovekera okutira makapu ndikusintha njira yolembetsera tsiku lililonse.

• Chotsani mano a mano kapena zida zina zam'kamwa mukamatsuka mkamwa.

• Pitirizani kusamalira mkamwa kwanu katatu kapena kanayi patsiku ndi mano kapena zida zina zotuluka pakamwa.

• Ngati muli ndi zilonda mkamwa, pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zochotseredwa pakamwa mpaka zilonda zitapola.

Kusamalira mano ndi nkhama ndikofunikira panthawi ya chemotherapy kapena stem cell kumuika.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala za njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalirira pakamwa panu pa mankhwala a chemotherapy komanso kuponyera maselo. Kusamba mosamala ndi kupukuta kumathandiza kupewa matenda am'kamwa. Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza kupewa matenda ndikuchotsa mkamwa m'matumba:

• Sambani mano ndi burashi lofewa-kawiri kawiri pa tsiku. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsuka komwe mano amakumana ndi nkhama.

• Muzimutsuka mswachi m'madzi otentha pakatha masekondi 15 mpaka 30 kuti mabulashiwo akhale ofewa.

• Muzimutsuka pakamwa katatu kapena kanayi mukamasamba.

• Pewani kutsuka komwe kuli mowa.

• Gwiritsani mankhwala otsukira mkamwa wofatsa.

• Lolani mswachi wouma mpweya pakati pa ntchito.

• Floss molingana ndi malangizo a dokotala kapena dokotala.

• Sambani pakamwa mukatha kudya.

• Gwiritsani ntchito thovu swabs kuyeretsa lilime ndi denga pakamwa.

• Pewani izi:

• Zakudya zomwe zimakhala zokometsera kapena acidic.

• Zakudya "zovuta" zomwe zimatha kukhumudwitsa kapena kuswa khungu mkamwa mwanu, monga tchipisi.

• Zakudya zotentha ndi zakumwa.

Mankhwala ndi ayezi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndikuchiza mucositis kuchokera pakuika kwa cell cell.

Mankhwala atha kuperekedwa kuti athandize kupewa zilonda mkamwa kapena kuthandizira pakamwa kuchira msanga ngati yawonongeka ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation radiation. Komanso, kusunga tchipisi tating'onoting'ono m'kamwa munthawi ya chemotherapy, kungathandize kupewa zilonda mkamwa.

Chithandizo cha mano chingathe kuzimiririka mpaka chitetezo cha wodwalayo chitabwerera mwakale.

Mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa ndi kupukuta, ayenera kudikirira mpaka chitetezo cha wodwalayo chitabwerera mwakale. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kutenga miyezi 6 mpaka 12 kuchira pambuyo poti chemotherapy yayikulu komanso kuyika maselowo. Munthawi imeneyi, chiwopsezo chazovuta pakamwa chimakhala chachikulu. Ngati pakufunika chithandizo cha mano, maantibayotiki ndi chisamaliro chothandizira zimaperekedwa.

Kusamalidwa musanalandire pakamwa kungaphatikizepo kupereka maantibayotiki kapena immunoglobulin G, kusintha kwa ma steroid, ndi / kapena kupatsidwa magazi.

Zovuta Zamlomo M'khansa Yachiwiri

Opulumuka khansa omwe adalandira chemotherapy kapena kumuika kapena omwe adalandira mankhwala a radiation ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa yachiwiri pambuyo pake. Khansa yapakamwa yapakhungu ndiyo khansa yachiwiri yamlomo pakamwa poika odwala. Milomo ndi lilime ndi malo omwe amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri.

Khansa yachiwiri imakonda kwambiri odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma, Odwala angapo a myeloma omwe adalandira ma cell a stem pogwiritsa ntchito maselo awo nthawi zina amakhala ndi plasmacytoma.

Odwala omwe adalandila ayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala ngati ali ndi zotupa kapena zotupa m'malo ofewa. Izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa yachiwiri.

Zovuta Zamlomo Zosagwirizana ndi Chemotherapy kapena Therapy radiation

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ndi mavuto ena am'mafupa amalumikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa mafupa mkamwa.

• Chithandizo cha ONJ nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuchiza matenda komanso ukhondo wabwino wamano.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ndi mavuto ena am'mafupa amalumikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa mafupa mkamwa.

Mankhwala ena amathyola mafupa mkamwa. Izi zimatchedwa osteonecrosis ya nsagwada (ONJ). ONJ amathanso kuyambitsa matenda. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kupweteka ndi zotupa zotupa pakamwa, pomwe madera a fupa lowonongeka angasonyeze.

Mankhwala omwe angayambitse ONJ ndi awa:

• Bisphosphonates: Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala ena omwe khansa yafalikira m'mafupa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa ululu komanso chiopsezo cha mafupa osweka. Bisphosphonates amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza hypercalcemia (calcium yochuluka m'magazi). Bisphosphonates omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amaphatikizapo zoledronic acid, pamidronate, ndi alendronate.

• Denosumab: Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kapena kuchiza mavuto ena am'mafupa. Denosumab ndi mtundu wa antioclonal antibody.

• Angiogenesis inhibitors: Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi isapangidwe. Pochiza khansa, angiogenesis inhibitors amatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano yomwe zotupa zimayenera kukula. Ena mwa angiogenesis inhibitors omwe angayambitse ONJ ndi bevacizumab, sunitinib, ndi sorafenib.

Ndikofunikira kuti gulu lazachipatala lizidziwa ngati wodwalayo wathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Khansa yomwe yafalikira ku nsagwada imatha kuwoneka ngati ONJ. Chidziwitso chitha kufunikira kuti tipeze chifukwa cha ONJ.

ONJ sizofala. Zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe amalandira bisphosphonates kapena denosumab ndi jakisoni kuposa odwala omwe amawamwa pakamwa. Kutenga bisphosphonates, denosumab, kapena angiogenesis inhibitors kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha ONJ. Kuopsa kwa ONJ kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri ngati angiogenesis inhibitors ndi bisphosphonates amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha ONJ:

• Kuchotsedwa mano.

• Kuvala mano ovekera osakwanira bwino.

• Kukhala ndi myeloma yambiri.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mafupa metastases amachepetsa chiopsezo chawo cha ONJ poyesedwa ndi kuchiritsidwa mavuto amano asanafike bisphosphonate kapena denosumab therapy.

Chithandizo cha ONJ nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuchiza matenda komanso ukhondo wabwino wamano.

Chithandizo cha ONJ chingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kuchotsa minofu yomwe ili ndi kachilombo, yomwe ingaphatikizepo fupa. Opaleshoni ya laser itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

• Kusunthira m'mbali lakuthwa kwa mafupa owonekera.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki polimbana ndi matenda.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kutsuka mkamwa.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka.

Mukamalandira chithandizo cha ONJ, muyenera kupitiliza kutsuka ndi kusamba mukamaliza kudya kuti pakamwa panu pazikhala paukhondo. Ndikofunika kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya pomwe ONJ akuchira.

Inu ndi dokotala wanu mungasankhe ngati mungaleke kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa ONJ, kutengera momwe zingakhudzire thanzi lanu.

Zovuta Pakamwa ndi Mavuto Aanthu

Mavuto azikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi zovuta zam'kamwa atha kukhala mavuto ovuta kwambiri kwa odwala khansa kuthana nawo. Zovuta pakamwa zimakhudza kudya ndi kuyankhula ndipo zimakupangitsani kulephera kapena kusafuna kutenga nawo mbali nthawi yakudya kapena kudya. Odwala amatha kukhumudwa, kudzipatula, kapena kukhumudwa, ndipo amatha kupewa anthu ena. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kukhumudwa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa amatha kukulitsa zovuta zam'kamwa. Onani zidule za zotsatirazi kuti mumve zambiri:

• Kusintha kwa Khansa: Kuda nkhawa ndi Mavuto

• Matenda okhumudwa

Maphunziro, chisamaliro chothandizira, komanso chithandizo cha zizindikilo ndizofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakamwa lomwe limakhudzana ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Odwala amayang'anitsitsa kuti amve kupweteka, kuthana nawo, komanso kuyankha kuchipatala. Chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi othandizira azaumoyo komanso mabanja atha kuthandiza wodwalayo kuthana ndi khansa komanso zovuta zake.

Zovuta Zamlomo za Chemotherapy ndi Therapy Radiation Therapy mu Ana

Ana omwe adalandira chemotherapy yayikulu kapena mankhwala a radiation kumutu ndi m'khosi sangakhale ndi kukula kwamano. Mano atsopano amatha kuchedwa mochedwa kapena ayi, ndipo kukula kwa dzino kumatha kukhala kocheperako kuposa zachilendo. Mutu ndi nkhope sizingakhale bwino. Zosinthazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu ndipo sizimadziwika nthawi zonse.

Chithandizo cha Orthodontic kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kukula kwa mano ndi zotsatirapo za chitukuko chikuwerengedwa.