Types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq

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Kev Kho Mob Cancer Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Cov Lus Qhia Dav Dav Txog Merkel Cell Carcinoma

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

  • Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma yog ib tug kab mob uas tsis tshua pom muaj ntau nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij hlav (malignant).
  • Raug tshav thiab muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma feem ntau tshwm ua ib leeg mob nkaus xwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv tshav tiv thaiv.
  • Kev kuaj thiab cov txheej txheem uas kuaj cov tawv nqaij tau siv los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma yog ib tug kab mob uas tsis tshua pom muaj ntau nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij hlav (malignant).

Cov kab hauv Merkel muaj nyob rau txheej sab saum toj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov hlwb no yog ze rau qhov kawg cov leeg tau txais qhov hnov ​​ntawm kov. Merkel cell carcinoma, tseem hu ua neuroendocrine carcinoma ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis mob nqaij hlav, yog ib yam mob qog nqaij hlav cancer tsawg kawg uas tsim thaum Merkel cov hlwb loj hlob tuaj. Merkel cell carcinoma pib feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug tshav, tshwj xeeb yog lub taub hau thiab caj dab, ntxiv rau caj npab, ceg, thiab pob tw.

Anatomy ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhia qhov epidermis, dermis, thiab nqaij mos. Merkel cov hlwb yog nyob rau hauv txheej ntawm basal hlwb ntawm qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm daim epidermis thiab tau txuas nrog cov leeg ntshav.

Cov kab mob cancer hauv Merkel yuav loj hlob sai thiab ua rau metastasize (kis tau) thaum ntxov. Feem ntau nws kis rau thawj lymph nodes nyob ze thiab tom qab ntawd kis mus rau lymph o lossis tawv nqaij nyob rau thaj chaw deb ntawm lub cev, ntsws, hlwb, pob txha lossis lwm yam hauv nrog cev.

Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma yog qhov thib ob ua rau ntau tshaj plaws ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuag tom qab melanoma.

Raug tshav thiab muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm Merkel cell carcinoma.

Txhua yam uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav kis tus mob yog hu ua kev pheej hmoo. Muaj qhov muaj feem yuav tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj mob qog noj ntshav; tsis muaj yam txaus ntshai tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog koj xav tias koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo rau Merkel cell carcinoma suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • Raug rau ntau lub hnub ci.
  • Raug rau lub hnub ci cuav, xws li los ntawm kev ziab qe lossis psoralen thiab UVA (PUVA) kev kho rau psoriasis.
  • Muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li mob lymphocytic leukemia los yog mob HIV.
  • Noj tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, xws li tom qab hloov khoom nruab nrog cev.
  • Muaj keeb kwm ntawm lwm yam mob qog noj ntshav.
  • Laus dua 50 xyoo, txiv neej, lossis dawb.

Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma feem ntau tshwm ua ib leeg mob nkaus xwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv tshav tiv thaiv.

Qhov no thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm Merkel cell carcinoma lossis los ntawm lwm yam mob. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj pom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij.

Tus mob Merkel cell carcinoma feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv tshav ntuj raws li qhov mob nkaus xwb uas yog:

  • Ceev ceev-loj hlob.
  • Tsis mob.
  • Ruaj thiab dome-puab lossis tsa.
  • Liab lossis violet hauv cov xim.

Kev kuaj thiab cov txheej txheem uas kuaj cov tawv nqaij tau siv los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj Merkel cell carcinoma.

Cov ntawv xeem thiab txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav raug siv:

  • Kev kuaj lub cev thiab keeb kwm: Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev los kuaj cov cim ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kuaj lub cim ntawm tus kab mob, xws li cov qog lossis lwm yam uas zoo li txawv txawv. Cov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov kab mob yav dhau los thiab kev kho mob tseem yuav raug coj los siv.
  • Kev kuaj lub cev tag nrho: Tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum kuaj xyuas daim tawv nqaij rau cov pob lossis me ntsis uas zoo li tsis muaj xim, qhov loj me, cov duab lossis tawv nqaij. Qhov loj, cov qauv, thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm lub qog tseem yuav kuaj.
  • Daim tawv nqaij sawv: Qhov kev tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij los yog nqaij kom lawv tuaj yeem saib nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom kab mob los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb kom kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj mob cancer.

Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Qhov raug (sij hawm rov qab los) thiab kev xaiv kho nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

  • Qeb mob cancer (lub qog loj npaum li cas thiab seb nws puas kis mus rau cov qog lossis lwm qhov hauv lub cev).
  • Cov kabmob nyob qhov twg hauv lub cev.
  • Txawm hais tias mob kheesxaws nyuam qhuav raug kuaj lossis rov mob dua (rov qab los).
  • Tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau.

Kev kuaj pom tseem yog nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas mob cov qog tau nce mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Qib ntawm Merkel Cell Carcinoma

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

  • Tom qab txheeb xyuas tau Merkel cell carcinoma tau tshawb pom, kev tshuaj ntsuam yog ua tiav kom paub tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev.
  • Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.
  • Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
  • Cov theem hauv qab no yog siv rau Merkel cell carcinoma:
  • Theem 0 (carcinoma hauv situ)
  • Theem Kuv
  • Theem II
  • Theem III
  • Theem IV

Tom qab txheeb xyuas tau Merkel cell carcinoma tau tshawb pom, kev tshuaj ntsuam yog ua tiav kom paub tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev.

Cov txheej txheem tau siv los xyuas seb tus mob cancer tau kis rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev hu ua staging li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov txheej txheem theem txiav txim theem ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog theem kom thiaj li npaj tau kev kho mob.

Cov ntawv xeem thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav raug coj los siv hauv txheej txheem:

  • CT scan (CAT scan): Tus txheej txheem uas ua rau cov duab ntxaws ntxig ntawm cov chaw hauv lub cev, coj los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum. Cov duab no yog tsim los ntawm lub koos pis tawj txuas nrog lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob. Ib qho zas xim tuaj yeem raug txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis nqos los pab rau cov kabmob lossis cov nqaij ua kom pom tseeb dua. Kev siv CT scan ntawm lub hauv siab thiab lub plab yuav raug siv los kuaj thawj tus kab mob ntsws me me hauv lub ntsws, lossis nrhiav Merkel cell carcinoma uas tau kis mus. Kev siv CT scan ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab kuj tseem yuav siv los nrhiav Merkel cell carcinoma uas tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua suav tomography, computer tom tomography, lossis computerized axial tomography.
  • PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Tus txheej txheem los nrhiav cov qog ua qog ntshav hauv lub cev. Ib qho me me ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob cov kua qab zib (qab zib) tau txhaj rau txoj hlab ntshav. PET scanner tig ncig lub cev thiab ua ib daim duab ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qab ntawm lub cev tau siv. Malignant qog hlwb nthuav qhia lub ci nyob hauv daim duab vim tias lawv nquag tshaj thiab noj ntau dua cov piam thaj dua li cov hlwb ua.
  • Lymph node biopsy: Muaj ob peb hom qog ntshav los siv ua theem Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub suab lub suab thaum lub sijhawm phais mob. Cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog thawj cov qog ntshav tawm hauv ib pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav kom tau txais cov kua dej tso tawm los ntawm thawj cov qog ntshav. Nws yog thawj qhov mob qog ntshav mob cancer feem ntau yuav kis tau los ntawm thawj tus qog. Cov tshuaj kua hluav taws xob thiab / lossis zas xiav yog txhaj rau ze ntawm cov qog. Qhov tshuaj lossis zas xim dhau mus rau cov qog ntshav mus rau lub qog ua kua. Thawj lub lymph node kom tau txais cov tshuaj lossis zas xim raug tshem tawm. Tus kws kho mob tawm tswv yim pom cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Yog tias nrhiav pom cov kab mob cancer, nws tsis tas yuav tshem cov qog ntshav ntau ntxiv. Qee zaum, cov kab mob tso ntshav tawm hauv cov ntau ntawm ib pawg ntawm pawg.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy ntawm daim tawv. Cov tshuaj kua hluav taws xob thiab / lossis xim xiav yog tso rau ze ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav (thawj thawj). Cov khoom siv txhaj tshuaj tawm yog pom pom thiab / lossis nrog ib qho kev sojntsuam uas kuaj pom qhov hluav taws xob (lub teeb nruab nrab). Cov xov hauv nruab nrab (thawj cov qog ntshav mus nqa cov khoom) raug tshem tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav (ntshav kawg).
  • Lymph node dissection: Cov txheej txheem phais mob uas tshem tawm cov qog ntshav thiab cov hnoos qeev raug kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab tsom rau cov cim mob qog nqaij hlav. Txog rau lub cheeb tsam qog ua haujlwm, qee qhov qog ntshav hauv lub qog ua haujlwm tawm. Txog kev tshem cov qog ntshav tawm, feem ntau lossis tag nrho cov qog ntshav hauv lub qog nqaij hlav tau raug tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua lymphadenectomy.
  • Txoj kev siv rab koob siv koob hno: Qhov txheej txheem tshem cov hnoos qeev siv ib rab koob dav. Tus kws kho mob tawm tswv yim pom cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
  • Kev siv koob tshuaj zoo: Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev siv ib rab koob nyias. Tus kws kho mob tawm tswv yim pom cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
  • Immunohistochemistry: Kev sim tshuaj uas siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv qee yam antigens (ntaus cim) hauv cov qauv ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog txuas nrog qhov enzyme lossis fluorescent zas. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas mus rau ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv ntaub so ntswg, cov enzyme lossis zas xim raug qhib, thiab cov antigen tuaj yeem pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Hom kev kuaj ntshav no siv los pab kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav thiab pab qhia ib hom mob cancer los ntawm lwm hom mob cancer.

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.

Kab mob khees xaws tuaj yeem kis tawm los ntawm cov nqaij mos, cov qog ntshav, thiab ntshav:

  • Ntaub so ntswg. Tus kab mob cancer kis los ntawm qhov chaw nws pib kis los ntawm thaj chaw ze.
  • Lymph system. Tus mob cancer kis ntawm qhov uas nws pib los ntawm kev nkag rau hauv lymph system. Tus kab mob cancer taug kev los ntawm cov qog ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
  • Ntshav. Tus mob cancer kis rau nws los ntawm qhov nws pib los ntawm nkag rau hauv cov ntshav. Tus kabmob khiav tawm hauv cov hlab ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Thaum mob cancer kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev, nws hu ua metastasis. Kab mob khees xaws khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw lawv pib (thawj qog) thiab taug kev hauv cov qog ntshav lossis ntshav.

  • Lymph system. Cov qog nqaij hlav nkag mus rau hauv lub lymph system, taug kev hauv cov hlab ntsws, thiab ua cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
  • Ntshav. Cov qog ntshav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, taug kev los ntawm cov hlab ntshav, thiab tsim cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

Cov mob metastatic yog tib yam kabmob uas yog thawj cov qog. Piv txwv li, yog Merkel cell carcinoma kis mus rau lub siab, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub siab yog qhov mob cancer ntawm Merkel. Tus kab mob yog metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, tsis yog mob cancer rau daim siab.

Cov theem hauv qab no yog siv rau Merkel cell carcinoma:

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg lub qog feem ntau ntsuas hauv centimeters (cm) lossis nti. Cov zaub mov cov khoom noj uas siv tau los qhia cov qog loj hauv cm suav nrog: pea (1 cm), txiv laum huab xeeb (2 cm), txiv hmab (3 cm), txiv ntoo (4 cm), txiv qaub (5 cm lossis 2) ntiv tes), ib lub qe (6 cm), txiv duaj (7 cm), thiab txiv kab ntxwv qaub (10 cm lossis 4 ntiv tes).

Theem 0 (carcinoma hauv situ)

Hauv theem 0, txawv txav ntawm cov hlwb Merkel tau pom nyob rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov hlwb ua haujlwm tsis zoo no yuav dhau mus ua mob cancer thiab kis mus rau hauv cov nqaij mos uas nyob ze.

Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, cov qog 2 cm lossis me dua.

Theem II

Theem II Merkel cell carcinoma tau muab faib ua theem IIA thiab IIB.

  • Hauv theem IIA, cov qog loj dua 2 centimeters.
  • Hauv theem IIB, lub qog tau kis mus rau cov nqaij txuas ntxiv, cov leeg nqaij, pob txha mos, lossis pob txha.

Theem III

Theem III Merkel cell carcinoma tau muab faib ua ntu IIIA thiab IIIB.

Hauv theem IIIA, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog pom:

  • lub qog yuav yog qhov loj me thiab yuav kis mus rau cov nqaij sib txuas, cov leeg nqaij, pob txha mos, lossis pob txha. Yuav tsis hnov ​​mob cov qog ntshav thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob lub cev tab sis mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qog ua tawm los ntawm lub qog ntshav tawm lossis tom qab lub lymph node raug tshem tawm thiab kuaj hauv lub tshuab tsom kab mob rau cov cim qhia tias mob cancer; lossis
  • cov qog ntshav o nyob rau thaum kuaj lub cev thiab / lossis pom ntawm kev ntsuas duab. Thaum cov qog ntshav tau tshem tawm thiab tshawb hauv qhov ntsuas lub tshuab tsom rau cov cim qhia kev mob qog nqaij hlav cancer, kheesxaws muaj nyob hauv qog ntshav. Qhov chaw uas mob qog noj ntshav pib tsis paub.

Hauv theem IIIB, lub qog yuav loj thiab me:

  • tej zaum yuav kis tau rau cov nqaij mob, cov leeg pob txha pob txha, lossis pob txha. Cov qog ntshav o nyob rau thaum kuaj lub cev thiab / lossis pom ntawm kev ntsuas duab. Thaum cov qog ntshav raug tshem tawm thiab tshawb xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab tsom rau cov cim qhia kev mob qog nqaij hlav, qog ntshav muaj nyob hauv qog ntshav; lossis
  • mob cancer yog nyob hauv ib lub lymph txog ntawm tus qog loj thiab cov qog ntshav uas nyob ze lossis deb. Mob khees xaws yuav kis mus rau cov qog ntshav.

Theem IV

Hauv theem IV, cov qog tau kis mus rau daim tawv nqaij uas tsis ze rau thawj tus qog ntshav lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li daim siab, lub ntsws, pob txha, lossis lub hlwb.

Lub cev nqaij hlav hauv Merkel Carcinoma

Cov mob carcinoma hauv pob txha mos yog mob cancer uas tau rov mob dua (rov qab los) tom qab nws tau kho. Kab mob qog yuav rov ua nqaij, nqaij, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Nws nquag tshwm sim rau Merkel cell carcinoma kom rov muaj mob.

Txoj Kev Kho Mob Cov Tswv Yim

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

  • Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Plaub hom kev kho mob raug siv:
  • Kev phais mob
  • Kev siv hluav taws xob
  • Kws khomob
  • Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
  • Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.
  • Kev kho mob rau Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem ua rau phiv.
  • Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.
  • Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.
  • Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob Merkel cell carcinoma.

Ntau hom kev kho mob muaj rau cov neeg mob Merkel cell carcinoma. Qee qhov kev kho mob yog tus qauv (cov kev kho mob tam sim no), thiab qee qhov raug sim hauv kev kuaj mob. Ib txoj kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob yog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav uas pab txhawm rau txhim kho kev kho mob tam sim no lossis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho mob tshiab rau cov neeg mob cancer. Thaum kuaj pom tias cov kev kho tshiab zoo dua li kev kho mob, cov kev kho mob tshiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov qauv kev kho mob. Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob. Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj sim tsuas yog qhib rau cov neeg mob uas tsis tau pib kho.

Plaub hom kev kho mob raug siv:

Kev phais mob

Ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem phais neeg hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los kho Merkel cell carcinoma:

  • Kev nthuav dav hauv zos: Cov qog nqaij hlav yog txiav los ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog rau qee cov ntaub so ntswg ncig nws. Ib qho kev xa me ntsis cov nqaij ntshav lub cev mus kuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv lub zos. Yog tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qog ua ntshav, kuj yuav ua ib qho kev tshem qog ntshav.
  • Lymph node dissection: Cov txheej txheem phais mob uas tshem tawm cov qog ntshav thiab cov hnoos qeev raug kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab tsom rau cov cim mob qog nqaij hlav. Txog rau lub cheeb tsam qog ua haujlwm, qee qhov qog ntshav hauv lub qog mus rau lwm qhov; rau kev tso cov qog ntshav tawm, feem ntau lossis tag nrho cov qog ntshav hauv lub qog ua haujlwm tau raug tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua lymphadenectomy.

Tom qab tus kws kho mob tshem tawm tag nrho cov qog ntshav uas tuaj yeem pom lub sijhawm phais mob, qee tus neeg mob yuav tau txais kev kho mob lossis tshuaj tua hluav taws xob tom qab phais mob los tua txhua cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav uas tseem tshuav. Kev kho mob tom qab qhov kev phais mob, txhawm rau txo qis kev mob qog noj ntshav yuav rov qab tuaj, hu ua kev kho mob rau tom qab.

Kev siv hluav taws xob

Kev xoo hluav taws xob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob loj lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob tua ntau los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer lossis ua kom lawv loj tuaj. Muaj ob txoj kev kho hluav taws xob:

  • Kev siv hluav taws xob sab nraud siv lub tshuab sab nraud lub cev xa hluav taws xob mus rau cov kabmob.
  • Kev kho hluav taws xob sab hauv yog siv cov tshuaj pleev hluav taws xob kaw hauv cov koob, noob, xov hlau, lossis cov paws menyuam uas tso ncaj qha mus rau lossis ze ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Txoj kev kho hluav taws xob yog muab nyob ntawm seb hom thiab theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kho hluav taws xob sab nraud yog siv los kho Merkel cell carcinoma, thiab kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov kev pabcuam palliative los daws cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo.

Kws khomob

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv cov tshuaj los txwv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, los ntawm kev tua cov qog lossis txwv cov cell kom faib. Thaum cov tshuaj tua kab mob noj los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis leeg, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau cov ntshav thiab tuaj yeem mus txog rau cov qog nqaij hlav ntshav thoob plaws lub cev (kev kho mob tshuaj tua kabmob). Thaum cov kws kho mob tso tshuaj rau ncaj qha mus rau cov kua dej ua kua tshuaj, ib qho khoom hauv nrog cev, lossis lub cev ua kom lub cev muaj xws li lub plab, cov tshuaj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv cov chaw ntawd (thaj av tshuaj kho mob). Txoj hauv kev siv tshuaj kho yog muab raws li hom thiab theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj.

Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer. Cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm lub cev lossis tsim hauv chav siv tshuaj yog siv los txhawb, ncaj qha, lossis rov kho lub cev lub cev los tiv thaiv tus mob qog nqaij hlav. Hom kev kho mob cancer no tseem hu ua biotherapy lossis biologic therapy.

Qee hom kev tiv thaiv kabmob hlwb, xws li T cell, thiab qee tus kabmob kheesxaws muaj qee yam kabmob, hu ua cov tshev mis kuaj, ntawm lawv cov nplaim uas ua rau cov kabmob tiv thaiv tsis tau tshuaj xyuas. Thaum cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj cov protein ntau ntau, lawv yuav tsis raug tua thiab raug tua los ntawm T cell. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv cov protein no thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm T cell los tua cov kabmob kheesxaws tau nce.

Muaj ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob:

  • PD-1 inhibitor: PD-1 yog protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm T cell uas pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tshuaj xyuas. Thaum PD-1 txuas mus rau lwm cov protein hu ua PDL-1 ntawm tus kabmob kheesxaws, nws tso tseg T cell los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. PD-1 inhibitors txuas rau PDL-1 thiab tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Avelumab thiab pembrolizumab yog siv los kho cov kab mob siab Merkel cell carcinoma. Nivolumab tab tom kawm los kho cov kab mob siab nyob hauv Merkel cell carcinoma.
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kuaj xyuas cov protein, xws li PD-L1 ntawm cov qog hlwb thiab PD-1 ntawm T hlwb, pab ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv tshuaj xyuas. Kev khi ntawm PD-L1 rau PD-1 ua rau T hlwb los ntawm kev tua cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev (sab laug vaj huam sib luag). Kev thaiv cov ntawv cog lus ntawm PD-L1 rau PD-1 nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv PD-L1 lossis anti-PD-1) tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav hlwb (muaj vaj huam sib luag).
  • CTLA-4 inhibitor: CTLA-4 yog protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm T cell uas pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub tshev. Thaum CTLA-4 txuas mus rau lwm cov protein hu ua B7 ntawm tus kabmob kheesxaws, nws tso tseg T cell los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. CTLA-4 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas rau CTLA-4 thiab tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Ipilimumab yog ib hom CTLA-4 inhibitor tau kawm los kho cov kab mob siab Merkel cell carcinoma.
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tshawb xyuas cov protein, xws li B7-1 / B7-2 ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kabmob hlwb (APC) thiab CTLA-4 ntawm T hlwb, pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev kuaj xyuas. Thaum T-cell receptor (TCR) khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen thiab cov keeb kwm loj (histocompatibility complex) (MHC) cov roj ntsha ntawm APC thiab CD28 khi rau B7-1 / B7-2 ntawm APC, lub cell T yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov khi ntawm B7-1 / B7-2 rau CTLA-4 khaws cov T cell nyob hauv lub xeev tsis muaj zog yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem tua cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev (sab laug vaj huam sib luag). Kev thaiv qhov kev khi ntawm B7-1 / B7-2 rau CTLA-4 nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv CTLA-4 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) tso cai rau T cell kom nquag plias thiab tua cov qog hlav hlwb (muaj vaj huam sib luag).

Saib Cov Tshuaj Pom Zoo rau Kev Mob Cancer rau daim tawv nqaij ntxiv.

Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob muaj nyob rau ntawm NCI lub vev xaib.

Kev kho mob rau Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem ua rau phiv.

Yog xav paub txog cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, saib peb Sab Phiv Rov Qab.

Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.

Txog qee tus neeg mob, koom nrog kev sim kho mob yuav yog txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov chaw kuaj mob yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tshawb mob qog noj ntshav. Cov chaw kho mob tau sim ua kom pom tias kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tshiab muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo dua lossis zoo dua cov qauv tshuaj.

Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav niaj hnub no yog los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kab mob thaum ntxov. Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv kev kho mob lossis ua thawj zaug tau txais kev kho mob tshiab.

Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob kuj pab txhim kho txoj kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias kev sim tshuaj sim tsis ua rau muaj kev kho mob tshiab, lawv feem ntau teb cov lus nug tseem ceeb thiab pab txav kev tshawb fawb tom ntej.

Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.

Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj tsuas yog suav nrog cov neeg mob uas tseem tsis tau txais kev kho mob. Lwm txoj kev sim sim cov kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas mob qog noj qab tsis tau zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev sim tshuaj kuaj mob uas sim txoj kev tshiab los txwv qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv (rov qab los) lossis txo kev phiv los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj.

Cov chaw kuaj mob tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm NCI tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm NCI cov chaw kuaj mob tshawb nrhiav lub vev xaib. Cov chaw kuaj mob txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm cov koomhaum tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm ClinicalTrials.gov lub vev xaib.

Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Qee qhov kev ntsuas mob uas tau ntsuas los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav lossis kom pom tias theem mob cancer yuav rov qab ua dua. Qee qhov kev ntsuas yuav rov ua qhov qub txhawm rau kom pom tias qhov kev kho mob ua haujlwm li cas. Cov kev txiav txim siab hais txog seb puas yuav txuas ntxiv, hloov, lossis tsum tsis mus kho yuav ua raws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuas no.

Qee qhov kev sim yuav txuas ntxiv ua ib zaug dhau ib zaug tom qab kho tas. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim no tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias koj tus mob tau hloov lossis yog tias mob qog rov qab (rov qab los). Qee qhov kev ntsuas no qee zaum hu ua kev kuaj mob rov qab lossis mus kuaj mob.

Cov Kev Kho Mob Los Ntawm Ntu

Hauv Tshooj Lus no

  • Theem I thiab Theem II Merkel Cell Carcinoma
  • Theem III Merkel Cell Carcinoma
  • Theem IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Yog xav paub txog cov kev kho mob uas teev rau hauv qab no, saib hauv Cov Lus Qhia Kev Xaiv Kev Xaiv.

Theem I thiab Theem II Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Kev kho mob theem I thiab theem II Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog, xws li kev dav hauv cheeb tsam nrog los sis tsis muaj qog ntshav tawm.
  • Kev kho hluav taws xob tom qab kev phais mob.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem III Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Kev kho mob ntawm theem III Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • Kho kom dav hauv zos nrog lossis tsis muaj lymph node dissection.
  • Kev siv hluav taws xob.
  • Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv (qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob siv pembrolizumab), rau cov qog uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob.
  • Kev sim tshuaj ntawm cov kws khomob.
  • Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev nkeeg rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (nivolumab).

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma Kev kho mob ntawm theem IV Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv (qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas siv avelumab lossis pembrolizumab). Kev siv tshuaj kho mob, phais mob lossis kho hluav taws xob raws li kev kho mob palliative kom txo cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo. Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev nkeeg rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (nivolumab thiab ipilimumab). Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Cov Kev Xaiv Kho rau Kev Mob Hlav Me Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Yog xav paub txog cov kev kho mob uas teev rau hauv qab no, saib hauv Cov Lus Qhia Kev Xaiv Kev Xaiv.

Kev kho mob cancer ntawm Merkel cell carcinoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • Kho kom dav hauv zos hauv kev tshem tawm thaj tsam ntawm cov nqaij mos ntau dua li raug tshem tawm hauv kev phais ua ntej. Lub qog ua kua cais tawm kuj tseem yuav ua tiav.
  • Kev kho hluav taws xob tom qab kev phais mob.
  • Kws khomob.
  • Kev kho hluav taws xob thiab / lossis phais mob raws li kev kho mob palliative kom pab txo cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Yog xav paub ntxiv los ntawm National Cancer Institute txog Merkel cell carcinoma, saib cov hauv qab no:

  • Kab Mob Khees Xaws (Nrog Rau Melanoma) Tsev Nplooj Ntawv
  • Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer
  • Kev kuaj mob tawv nqaij
  • Sentinel Cov Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob

Txog kev qhia txog kabmob kheesxaws thoob plaws thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam los ntawm National Cancer Institute, saib cov hauv qab no:

  • Txog Mob Cancer
  • Qib
  • Kev Siv Tshuaj Kho Mob thiab Koj: Txhawb Rau Cov Neeg Muaj Mob Cancer
  • Qhov Kev Mob Hlaws Hluav Taws Xob thiab Koj: Txhawb Rau Cov Neeg Muaj Mob Cancer
  • Kev Muaj Mob Cancer
  • Cov Lus Nug Yuav Nug Koj Tus Kws Kho Mob txog Kab Mob Cancer
  • Rau Cov Muaj Txoj Sia Nyob thiab Cov Saib Xyuas
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