Hom / tawv / neeg mob / mob ntshav-kho mob-pdq

Melanoma Kev Kho Mob

Cov Lus Qhia Dav Dav Txog Melanoma

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Melanoma yog ib tug kab mob uas cov neeg muaj mob (mob) ua rau cov ntshav (melanocytes) uas ua rau daim tawv nqaij tawv.

• Muaj ntau hom qog nqaij hlav uas pib mob hauv daim tawv.

• Melanoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

• Cov leeg tsis txawv txav, raug rau lub hnub ci, thiab keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm melanoma.

• Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob melanoma suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov uas tus kheej los yog cov cheeb tsam xim.

• Kev kuaj uas kuaj daim tawv yog siv los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj mob melanoma.

• Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Melanoma yog ib tug kab mob uas cov neeg muaj mob (mob) ua rau cov ntshav (melanocytes) uas ua rau daim tawv nqaij tawv.

Daim tawv nqaij yog lub cev ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws. Nws tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tshav kub, tshav ntuj, raug mob, thiab kis tau tus mob. Cov tawv nqaij tseem pab tswj lub cev kub thiab tso dej, muaj roj, thiab muaj vitamin D. Cov tawv nqaij muaj ntau txheej, tab sis ob txheej loj yog cov epidermis (txheej sab saud los yog sab nraud) thiab dermis (txheej qis lossis sab hauv). Kab mob qog nqaij hlav pib hauv daim tawv nqaij mob, uas yog tsim los ntawm peb hom mob hlwb:

• Squamous cells: Cov kab mob nyias nyias, tiaj tus uas ua rau txheej txheej saum toj ntawm cov kabmob epidermis.

• Basal cells: Cov kab mob sib npaug nyob rau hauv cov hlwb dag.

• Melanocytes: Cov xias uas ua rau melanin thiab pom nyob rau hauv qis dua ntawm daim epidermis. Melanin yog xim xim uas muab cov tawv nqaij nws cov xim ntuj. Thaum tawv nqaij tiv tshav ntuj lossis lub teeb nrig dag, melanocytes ua rau muaj xim ntau dua thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij tsaus nti.

Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg mob melanoma tau nce ntxiv 30 xyoo dhau los Melanoma feem ntau muaj rau cov neeg laus, tab sis qee zaum pom muaj hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. (Saib cov ntsiab lus hais txog Kev Ua Kab Mob Khees Me Nyuam Tsis Txaus Ntshai ntawm Kev Kho Menyuam Thaum Menyuam Yaus rau cov lus qhia ntxiv txog tus mob melanoma hauv cov menyuam thiab cov hluas.)

Anatomy ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhia cov epidermis, dermis, thiab nqaij mos. Melanocytes nyob hauv txheej txheej cell basal ntawm qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm daim epidermis.

Muaj ntau hom qog nqaij hlav uas pib mob hauv daim tawv. Nws muaj ob hom mob tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob: melanoma thiab nonmelanoma.

Melanoma yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nws ntau dua yog ua rau cov nqaij nyob ze thiab kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev dua li lwm yam mob qog nqaij hlav. Thaum melanoma pib rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, nws hu ua cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov qog ua kua (daim nyias nyias, ntub ntawm cov tawv nqaij uas npog thaj chaw xws li daim di ncauj). Daim ntsiab lus no yog hais txog lub suab mob (tawv nqaij) melanoma thiab melanoma uas cuam tshuam rau cov nqaij mos.

Feem ntau hom mob cancer ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog cell cell carcinoma thiab squamous cell carcinoma. Lawv yog hom tawv nqaij nonmelanoma. Cov tawv nqaij uas tsis yog tawv nqaij hauv lub cev tsis tshua muaj kis rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev. (Saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Kho Mob Cancer rau cov ncauj lus qhia ntxiv ntawm cov cell basal thiab squamous cell tawv nqaij.)

Melanoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv cov txiv neej, melanoma feem ntau pom ntawm pob tw (thaj chaw los ntawm lub xub pwg mus rau lub duav) lossis lub taub hau thiab caj dab. Hauv cov poj niam, mob melanoma feem ntau ua rau caj npab thiab ceg.

Thaum melanoma tshwm sim hauv lub qhov muag, nws yog hu ua intraocular lossis ocular melanoma. (Saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Intraocular (Uveal) Kev Kho Mob Melanoma rau cov lus qhia ntxiv.)

Cov leeg tsis txawv txav, raug rau lub hnub ci, thiab keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm melanoma.

Txhua yam uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav kis tus mob yog hu ua kev pheej hmoo. Muaj qhov muaj feem yuav tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj mob qog noj ntshav; tsis muaj yam txaus ntshai tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog koj xav tias koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo.

Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo rau melanoma suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Muaj kev coj ncaj ncees, uas suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees uas hnav khaub ncaws hnav thiab hlawv yooj yim, tsis ziab, lossis tans tsis zoo.

• Xiav xiav lossis ntsuab lossis lwm lub teeb xim.

• Liab lossis daj hau.

• Raug rau lub hnub ci ntuj lossis cov hnub ci cuav (xws li los ntawm kev ua kom lub txaj ziab).
• Raug rau qee yam cuam tshuam hauv ib puag ncig (hauv huab cua, koj lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm, thiab koj cov zaub mov thiab dej). Qee qhov ntawm ib puag ncig kev pheej hmoo rau melanoma yog hluav taws xob, kuab tshuaj, vinyl chloride, thiab PCBs.

• Muaj keeb kwm ntawm ntau qhov chaw tawm ntsej muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus lossis tub ntxhais hluas.

• Muaj ob peb lub pob loj lossis loj me.

• Muaj tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm tsis txawv ntawm moles (atypical nevus syndrome).

• Muaj tsev neeg lossis keeb kwm ntawm tus mob melanoma.

• Ua neeg dawb.

• Muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.

• Muaj qee yam pauv hauv cov noob caj dab uas txuas nrog rau mob qog ntshav.

Ua neeg tawv dawb los yog muaj cov tawv nqaij dawb ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij melanoma, tab sis leej twg tuaj yeem muaj tus mob melanoma, suav nrog cov neeg muaj tawv dub.

Saib cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov pheej hmoo ua rau tus mob melanoma:

• Cov noob caj noob hlav ntawm Cancer

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob melanoma suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov uas tus kheej los yog cov cheeb tsam xim.

Cov no thiab lwm cov phiajcim thiab cov tsos mob yuav yog los ntawm tus mob melanoma lossis lwm yam mob. Nug koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj qee yam hauv qab no:

• Ib mole uas:

• hloov qhov loj me, cov duab, lossis xim.

• muaj cov npoo khov lossis ciam ciam.

• yog ntau tshaj ib xim.

• yog asymmetrical (yog tias lub mole muab faib ua ib nrab, lub 2 halves sib txawv hauv qhov loj me lossis duab).

• khaus.

• oozes, los ntshav, los yog mob ua paug (ib lub qhov ua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum txheej sab saum toj ntawm cov hlwb tawg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab no qhia txog).

• Hloov pauv xim tawv (xim).

• Satellite moles (cov moles tshiab uas loj hlob ze ze ntawm lub cev uas twb muaj lawm).

Rau cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov moles thiab melanoma, saib Cov Hom Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, thiab Kev pheej hmoo ntawm Melanoma.

Kev kuaj uas kuaj daim tawv yog siv los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj mob melanoma.

Yog tias cov pwm lossis qhov chaw ntawm cov tawv nqaij hloov lossis txawv txav, cov kev kuaj thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem pab nrhiav thiab kuaj pom tus mob melanoma:

• Kev kuaj mob lub cev thiab keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv: Kev kuaj lub cev kom kuaj xyuas cov cim ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kuaj lub cim ntawm tus kab mob, xws li cov qog lossis lwm yam uas zoo li txawv txawv. Cov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov kab mob yav dhau los thiab kev kho mob tseem yuav raug coj los siv.

• Kev kuaj tawv nqaij: Tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum kuaj daim tawv nqaij rau ntawm cov pob zeb, lub cim yug, lossis lwm qhov chaw muaj xim uas zoo nkaus li txawv txav xws li xim, qhov loj me, cov duab lossis cov qauv.

• Txoj kev ntsuam xyuas me: Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov nqaij mos uas tsis zoo thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Tus kws kho mob saib xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub tshuab tsom rau cov kab mob qog noj ntshav. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib lub loog mole thiab tus kab mob melanoma thaum ntxov. Cov neeg mob tej zaum yuav xav tau cov hnoos qeev coj mus kuaj los ntawm tus kws khomob thib ob. Yog hais tias qhov txawv txav mole los yog qhov txhab yog mob qog noj ntshav, cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij mos kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qee yam kev pauv hloov gene.

Muaj plaub lub ntsiab ntawm cov nqaij mos. Hom kev siv xyoob ntoo tawm raws li qhov chaw tsis meej thaj chaw tau tsim thiab qhov loj me ntawm thaj chaw.

• Chais me me: Siv ib rab chais hniav uas tsis muaj mob tau siv los “chais plaub” ntawm txoj kev loj hlob uas muaj qhov txawv txav.

• Punch biopsy: Qhov tshwj xeeb ntsuas hu ua punch lossis trephine yog siv los tshem tawm lub voj voog ntawm daim ntaub los ntawm qhov kev loj hlob txawv txawv-saib.

Tso me me. Hollow qhov, voj voos scalpel yog siv los txiav rau hauv qhov chaw mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov ntsuas tau tig raws li moos thiab counterclockwise los txiav tsawg li 4 millimeters (hli) mus rau txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab dermis. Qhov hnoos qeev me me raug muab tshem tawm kom tau txheeb hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Cov tawv nqaij tuab sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev.

• Kev phais me me: Lub hau phais yog siv los tshem tawm qee qhov kev loj hlob.

• Kev phais me me: Siv tshuaj txau tawv yog siv los tshem tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob.

Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Qhov raug (sij hawm rov qab los) thiab kev xaiv kho nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Qhov tuab ntawm cov qog thiab qhov chaw nws nyob hauv lub cev.

• Sai npaum li cas cov qog nqaij hlav sib faib.

• Seb puas muaj ntshav tawm los yog qog nqaij hlav.

• Mob cancer hauv lub qog ntau npaum li cas.

• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw mob cancer tau kis mus rau hauv lub cev.

• Qib ntawm lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) hauv cov ntshav.

• Seb tus mob cancer muaj qee yam hloov (pauv) hauv ib lub gene hu ua BRAF.

• Tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau.

Theem ntawm Melanoma

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob melanoma tau raug kuaj, yuav sim ua kom paub seb cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau ri mus rau sab tawv nqaij lossis lwm qhov hauv lub cev.

• Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.

• Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

• Qhov theem ntawm melanoma nyob ntawm tuab ntawm cov qog, txawm hais tias mob cancer tau kis rau cov qog ntshav lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, thiab lwm yam.

• Cov theem hauv qab no yog siv rau melanoma:

• Theem 0 (Melanoma hauv Situ)

• Theem Kuv

• Theem II

• Theem III

• Theem IV

Tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob melanoma tau raug kuaj, yuav sim ua kom paub seb cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau ri mus rau sab tawv nqaij lossis lwm qhov hauv lub cev.

Cov txheej txheem tau siv los xyuas seb puas mob cancer tau kis mus rau sab tawv lossis lwm qhov hauv lub cev hu ua staging. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov txheej txheem theem txiav txim theem ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog theem kom thiaj li npaj tau kev kho mob.

Rau qhov mob melanoma uas tsis zoo li yuav kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev lossis rov tshwm sim dua, tsis tas yuav kuaj ntxiv. Rau cov mob melanoma uas yuav kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev lossis rov ua dua, cov kev sim thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua tom qab kev phais mob kom tshem tawm tus mob melanoma:

• Lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy: tshem cov hlab ntsws tso ntshav tawm thaum phais. Cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog thawj cov qog ntshav tawm hauv ib pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav kom tau txais cov kua dej tso tawm los ntawm thawj cov qog ntshav. Nws yog thawj qhov mob qog ntshav mob cancer feem ntau yuav kis tau los ntawm thawj tus qog. Cov tshuaj kua hluav taws xob thiab / lossis zas xiav yog txhaj rau ze ntawm cov qog. Qhov tshuaj lossis zas xim dhau mus rau cov qog ntshav mus rau lub qog ua kua. Thawj lub lymph node kom tau txais cov tshuaj lossis zas xim raug tshem tawm. Tus kws kho mob tawm tswv yim pom cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Yog tias nrhiav pom cov kab mob cancer, nws tsis tas yuav tshem cov qog ntshav ntau ntxiv. Qee zaum, cov kab mob tso ntshav tawm hauv cov ntau ntawm ib pawg ntawm pawg.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Tus txheej txheem uas ua rau cov duab ntxaws ntxig ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab hauv lub cev coj los ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv. Cov duab no yog tsim los ntawm lub koos pis tawj txuas nrog lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob. Ib qho zas xim tuaj yeem raug txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis nqos los pab rau cov kabmob lossis cov nqaij ua kom pom tseeb dua. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua suav tomography, computer tom tomography, lossis computerized axial tomography. Rau qhov mob melanoma, tuaj yeem coj cov duab caj dab, hauv siab, plab, thiab plab mog.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Tus txheej txheem los nrhiav cov qog ua qog ntshav hauv lub cev. Ib qho me me ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob cov kua qab zib (qab zib) tau txhaj rau txoj hlab ntshav. PET scanner tig ncig lub cev thiab ua ib daim duab ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qab ntawm lub cev tau siv. Malignant qog hlwb nthuav qhia lub ci nyob hauv daim duab vim tias lawv nquag tshaj thiab noj ntau dua cov piam thaj dua li cov hlwb ua.

• MRI (sib nqus resonance duab) nrog gadolinium: tus txheej txheem uas siv cov hlau nplaum, xov tooj cua vuam vias, thiab khoos phis tawm los ua cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov chaw hauv lub cev, xws li lub hlwb. Cov tshuaj hu ua gadolinium yog txhaj rau hauv cov leeg ntshav. Tus gadolinium sau ib puag ncig cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiaj li ua rau lawv pom ci ntsa iab hauv daim duab. Tus txheej txheem no tseem hu ua nuclear sib nqus resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Kev kuaj ntshav kuaj: Cov txheej txheem uas lub zog loj ua rau lub suab yoj ua pa (ultrasound) muaj bounced tawm ntawm cov nqaij hauv, xws li cov qog ntshav, lossis kabmob thiab ua kom ncha. Cov ncha tsim daim duab ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv hu ua sonogram. Daim duab tuaj yeem tsim kom pom tom ntej.

• Kev tshawb fawb hauv ntshav cov ntshav: Tus txheej txheem tso ntshav kuaj ntsuas los ntsuas cov khoom tshuaj uas tso rau hauv ntshav los ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov nqaij hauv lub cev. Rau melanoma, cov ntshav tau kuaj xyuas ib qho enzyme hu ua lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cov qib siab LDH siab yuav kwv yees tsis teb qhov zoo rau kev kho mob hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kabmob metastatic.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev sim no tau saib ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qog nqaij hlav mus kuaj kom paub cov theem ntawm melanoma.

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.

Kab mob khees xaws tuaj yeem kis tawm los ntawm cov nqaij mos, cov qog ntshav, thiab ntshav:

• Ntaub so ntswg. Tus kab mob cancer kis los ntawm qhov chaw nws pib kis los ntawm thaj chaw ze.

• Lymph system. Tus mob cancer kis ntawm qhov uas nws pib los ntawm kev nkag rau hauv lymph system. Tus kab mob cancer taug kev los ntawm cov qog ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

• Ntshav. Tus mob cancer kis rau nws los ntawm qhov nws pib los ntawm nkag rau hauv cov ntshav. Tus kabmob khiav tawm hauv cov hlab ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Thaum mob cancer kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev, nws hu ua metastasis. Kab mob khees xaws khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw lawv pib (thawj qog) thiab taug kev hauv cov qog ntshav lossis ntshav.

Lymph system. Cov qog nqaij hlav nkag mus rau hauv lub lymph system, taug kev hauv cov hlab ntsws, thiab ua cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Ntshav. Cov qog ntshav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, taug kev los ntawm cov hlab ntshav, thiab tsim cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Cov mob metastatic yog tib yam kabmob uas yog thawj cov qog. Piv txwv li, yog tias melanoma kis mus rau lub ntsws, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub ntsws yog cov kab mob melanoma. Tus kabmob yog metastatic melanoma, tsis yog mob ntsws.

Qhov theem ntawm melanoma nyob ntawm tuab ntawm cov qog, txawm hais tias mob cancer tau kis rau cov qog ntshav lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau nrhiav cov theem ntawm melanoma, lub qog ua kom tshem tawm thiab cov qog ntshav nyob ze ze rau kev kuaj pom tus mob qog nqaij hlav. Qhov theem ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav yog siv los txiav txim uas yuav kho tau zoo tshaj plaws. Nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham seb koj muaj mob cancer theem twg.

Theem ntawm melanoma nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Lub tuab ntawm cov qog. Qhov tuab ntawm cov qog yog ntsuas los ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm cov qog.

• Seb lub qog tau mob dab tsi (muaj qhov tawv nqaij tawg).

• Seb puas muaj kab mob hauv cov qog ntshav los ntawm kev kuaj mob lub cev, kev ntsuam xyuas lub ntsej muag, los yog qhov xa cov ntshav tawm.

• Txawm tias cov qog ntshav puas pw (koom ua ke).

• Seb puas muaj:

• Cov kabmob qaj qaum: cov pab pawg me ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau kis tawm tsis pub dhau 2 centimeters ntawm thawj tus qog.

• Cov Qog Pob Kws Loj: Cov pab pawg me ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau kis mus rau thaj chaw ze lossis qis dua cov qog loj.

• Hauv cov tsheb xa mus los: Cov nqaij hlav uas tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv daim tawv nqaij ntev dua 2 centimeters deb ntawm thawj qhov mob, tab sis tsis ua rau cov qog ntshav.

• Txawm hais tias mob cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev, xws li lub ntsws, lub siab, lub hlwb, cov nqaij mos (nrog rau cov leeg), lub plab zom mov, thiab / lossis cov qog ntshav nyob deb. Kab mob qog yuav kis tau rau thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom deb ntawm qhov chaw nws tsim thawj zaug.

Cov theem hauv qab no yog siv rau melanoma:

Theem 0 (Melanoma hauv Situ)

Hauv theem 0, melanocytes txawv txav yog pom hauv cov epidermis. Cov melanocytes txawv txav no yuav dhau mus ua mob cancer thiab kis mus rau hauv cov nqaij mos uas nyob ze. Theem 0 tseem hu ua melanoma hauv situ.

Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, mob qog nqaij hlav tau tsim. Theem Kuv tau muab faib ua ntu IA thiab IB.

Millimeters (hli). Lub ntsej muag mem hluav ntse ntev yog li 1 hli, tus xaum xim tshiab yog kwv yees li 2 hli, thiab tus xaum hluav taws xob tshiab ntev li 5 hli.

• Theem IA: Cov qog tsis ntev dua 1 millimeter tuab, nrog lossis tsis muaj mob.

• Theem IB: Cov qog ua haujlwm tshaj 1 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab.

Theem II

Theem II tau muab faib ua theem IIA, IIB, thiab IIC.

• Theem IIA: Cov nqaij hlav yog:

• ntau dua 1 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, nrog ulceration; lossis

• ntau dua 2 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj ulceration.

• Theem IIB: Cov nqaij hlav yog:

• ntau dua 2 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, nrog ulceration; lossis

• ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj ulceration.

• Rau Ntu IIC: Cov qog ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab tuab, nrog mob rwj.

Theem III

Theem III raug faib ua ntu IIII, IIIB, IIIC, thiab IIID.

• Theem IIIA: Cov qog tsis ntau tshaj 1 millimeter tuab, nrog qhov txhab, lossis tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab. Mob kheesxaws muaj nyob rau ntawm 1 txog 3 lymph node los ntawm sentinel lymph node biopsy.

• Theem IIIB:

(1) Nws tsis paub tias tus kabmob pib qhov twg lossis thawj qog ntshav tsis tuaj yeem pom, thiab ib qho txuas mus ntxiv yog qhov tseeb:

• mob kheesxaws muaj nyob hauv 1 lub qog ntshav los ntawm kev kuaj lub cev lossis kuaj cov duab; lossis

• muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov hlav, thiab / lossis cov khoom xa tawm sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

lossis

(2) Cov qog tsis ntau dua 1 millimeter tuab, nrog qhov txhab, lossis tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab, thiab ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob cancer nyob ntawm 1 txog 3 qog ntshav los ntawm kev kuaj lub cev lossis kuaj duab lub ntsej muag; lossis

• muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov hlav, thiab / lossis cov khoom xa tawm sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

lossis

(3) Cov qog ntawd ntev dua 1 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, nrog cov qhov txhab, lossis ntau dua 2 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab, thiab ib qho hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob cancer nyob hauv 1 txog 3 qog ntshav; lossis

• muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov hlav, thiab / lossis cov khoom xa tawm sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

• Theem IIIC:

(1) Tsis paub tias mob qog pib qhov twg, los yog thawj hom qog yuav tsis pom. Tus kabmob nrhiav pom:

• hauv 2 lossis 3 lub qog ntshav; lossis

• hauv 1 lub qog ntshav thiab muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog loj, thiab / lossis hloov pauv hloov nqaij lossis nqaij lossis tawv nqaij; lossis

• hauv 4 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav, lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke; lossis

• hauv 2 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav thiab / lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke. Muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog, thiab / lossis cov tsheb xa khoom sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

lossis

(2) Cov qog tsis ntau tshaj 2 millimeters tuab, nrog lossis tsis muaj mob, lossis tsis ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab. Tus kabmob nrhiav pom:

• hauv 1 lub qog ntshav thiab muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog loj, thiab / lossis hloov pauv hloov nqaij lossis nqaij lossis tawv nqaij; lossis

• hauv 4 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav, lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke; lossis

• hauv 2 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav thiab / lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke. Muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog, thiab / lossis cov tsheb xa khoom sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

lossis

(3) Cov qog ntawd ntev dua 2 tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 4 millimeters tuab, nrog cov qhov txhab, lossis ntau dua 4 millimeters tuab, tsis muaj qhov txhab. Mob kheesxaws muaj nyob rau ntawm 1 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav thiab / lossis ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke. Tej zaum yuav muaj qog microsatellite, qog cov qog, thiab / lossis cov tsheb xa khoom sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

lossis

(4) Cov qog ua haujlwm ntau dua li 4 millimeters tuab tuab, nrog kev ua mob hnyav. Cov kab mob khees xaws muaj nyob hauv 1 lossis ntau lub qog lossis / lossis muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog loj, thiab / lossis cov tsheb hloov pauv rau lossis kis qis.

• Theem IIID: Cov qog ua haujlwm ntau dua 4 millimeters tuab, nrog mob ua mob. Tus kabmob nrhiav pom:

• hauv 4 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav, lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke; lossis

• hauv 2 lossis ntau dua cov qog ntshav thiab / lossis hauv ib qho ntawm cov qog ntshav uas tau ua ke. Muaj cov qog microsatellite, qog cov qog, thiab / lossis cov tsheb xa khoom sib kis rau lossis tawv nqaij.

Theem IV

Hauv theem IV, mob cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, xws li lub ntsws, daim siab, lub hlwb, tus txha caj qaum, pob txha, cov nqaij mos (nrog rau cov leeg), mob plab (GI), thiab / lossis cov qog ntshav nyob deb. Kab mob qog yuav kis tau rau thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom deb ntawm qhov uas nws tau pib thawj zaug.

Kev Ntsuas Kab Melanoma

Kab mob thiav rov qab yog mob qog noj ntshav uas tau rov mob dua (rov qab los) tom qab nws tau kho. Mob qog yuav rov qab los ntawm thaj chaw uas nws xub pib lossis nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, xws li mob ntsws lossis mob siab.

Txoj Kev Kho Mob Cov Tswv Yim

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob melanoma.

• Tsib tsib hom kev kho mob raug siv:

• Kev phais mob

• Kws khomob

• Kev siv hluav taws xob

• Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

• Cov hom phiaj kho

• Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.

• Tshuaj kho tiv thaiv

• Kev kho mob melanoma tuaj yeem ua phiv.

• Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.

• Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.

• Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob melanoma.

Ntau hom kev kho mob muaj rau cov neeg mob melanoma. Qee qhov kev kho mob yog tus qauv (cov kev kho mob tam sim no), thiab qee qhov raug sim hauv kev kuaj mob. Ib txoj kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob yog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav uas pab txhawm rau txhim kho kev kho mob tam sim no lossis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho mob tshiab rau cov neeg mob cancer. Thaum kuaj pom tias cov kev kho tshiab zoo dua li kev kho mob, cov kev kho mob tshiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov qauv kev kho mob. Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob. Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj sim tsuas yog qhib rau cov neeg mob uas tsis tau pib kho.

Tsib tsib hom kev kho mob raug siv:

Kev phais mob

Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog ntshav yog thawj txoj kev kho mob ntawm txhua theem ntawm melanoma. Kev nthuav dav hauv cheeb tsam yog siv los tshem tawm ntawm lub melanoma thiab qee cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig nws. Kev pleev cov tawv nqaij (coj daim tawv los ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev hloov rau daim tawv uas tshem tawm) tuaj yeem ua kom npog lub qhov txhab vim qhov phais.

Qee zaum, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom yuav paub seb puas yog mob cancer tau kis rau cov qog ntshav. Cov qog ntshav tawm lub ntsej muag thiab cov qhov ncauj tawm me me los kuaj cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov ncauj tawm (thawj cov kua qog ntshav hauv ib pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav kom tau txais cov kua qog ntshav los ntawm thawj qhov mob qog). Nws yog thawj qhov mob qog ntshav mob cancer feem ntau yuav kis tau los ntawm thawj tus qog. Cov tshuaj kua hluav taws xob thiab / lossis zas xiav yog txhaj rau ze ntawm cov qog. Qhov tshuaj lossis zas xim dhau mus rau cov qog ntshav mus rau lub lymph node. Thawj lub lymph node kom tau txais cov tshuaj lossis zas xim raug tshem tawm. Tus kws kho mob tawm tswv yim pom cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Yog tias pom muaj cov kab mob qog ntshav, ntau cov qog ntshav yuav raug tshem tawm thiab kuaj cov nqaij seb puas muaj mob qog. Qhov no hu ua lymphadenectomy. Qee zaum,

Tom qab tus kws kho mob tshem tawm tag nrho cov mob melanoma tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm phais, qee tus neeg mob yuav tau muab tshuaj kho tom qab phais mob los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas tseem tshuav. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob muab tom qab kev phais mob, txhawm rau txo qis kev mob qog noj ntshav yuav rov qab tuaj, yog hu ua kev kho mob rau cov tshuaj.

Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog mob cancer uas tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav, mob ntsws, mob plab hnyuv (GI) cov kab mob, pob txha, lossis lub hlwb yuav ua kom cov neeg mob lub neej zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tsos mob.

Kws khomob

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv cov tshuaj los txwv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, los ntawm kev tua cov qog lossis txwv tsis pub faib. Thaum cov tshuaj tua kab mob noj los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis leeg, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau cov ntshav thiab tuaj yeem mus txog rau cov qog nqaij hlav ntshav thoob plaws lub cev (kev kho mob tshuaj thev naus laus zis). Thaum cov kws kho mob tso tshuaj rau ncaj qha mus rau cov kua dej ua kua tshuaj, ib qho khoom hauv nrog cev, lossis lub cev ua kom lub cev muaj xws li lub plab, cov tshuaj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv cov chaw ntawd (thaj av tshuaj kho mob).

Ib hom kev siv tshuaj hauv cheeb tsam yog hyperthermic cais lim hiam perfusion. Nrog rau hom no, cov tshuaj anticancer mus ncaj qha rau sab caj npab los yog txhais ceg mob cancer yog hauv. Cov ntshav ntws mus rau thiab tawm ntawm qhov muag yog nres ib ntus nrog ncig. Ib qho kev daws sov nrog rau cov tshuaj anticancer yog muab tso ncaj qha rau ntawm cov ntshav ntawm ceg. Qhov no muab koob tshuaj loj rau thaj chaw muaj mob qog noj ntshav.

Txoj hauv kev siv tshuaj kho yog muab raws li hom thiab theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj.

Saib Cov Tshuaj Pom Zoo rau Melanoma yog xav paub ntxiv.

Kev siv hluav taws xob

Kev xoo hluav taws xob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob loj lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob tua ntau los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer lossis ua kom lawv loj tuaj. Muaj ob txoj kev kho hluav taws xob:

• Kev siv hluav taws xob sab nraud siv lub tshuab sab nraud lub cev xa hluav taws xob mus rau cov kabmob.

• Kev kho hluav taws xob sab hauv yog siv cov tshuaj pleev hluav taws xob kaw hauv cov koob, noob, xov hlau, lossis cov paws menyuam uas tso ncaj qha mus rau lossis ze ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Txoj kev kho hluav taws xob yog muab nyob ntawm seb hom thiab theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kho hluav taws xob sab nraud yog siv los kho tus mob melanoma, thiab kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov kev pabcuam palliative los daws cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo.

Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer. Cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm lub cev lossis tsim hauv chav siv tshuaj yog siv los txhawb, ncaj qha, lossis rov kho lub cev lub cev los tiv thaiv tus mob qog nqaij hlav. Hom kev kho mob cancer no tseem hu ua biotherapy lossis biologic therapy.

Cov hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qab no yog siv rau kev kho mob melanoma:

• Kev kuaj mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev: Qee hom qog ua lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li T cell, thiab qee cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj qee cov protein, hu ua checkpoint proteins, nyob rau lawv cov nplaim uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj cov protein ntau ntau, lawv yuav tsis raug tua thiab raug tua los ntawm T cell. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv cov protein no thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm T cell los tua cov kabmob kheesxaws tau nce. Lawv raug siv los kho qee tus neeg mob nrog mob qog nqaij hlav siab lossis qog uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob.

Muaj ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob:

• CTLA-4 inhibitor: CTLA-4 yog protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm T cell uas pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub tshev. Thaum CTLA-4 txuas mus rau lwm cov protein hu ua B7 ntawm tus kabmob kheesxaws, nws tso tseg T cell los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. CTLA-4 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas rau CTLA-4 thiab tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Ipilimumab yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv CTLA-4.

Kev kuaj mob hauv lub cev tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tshawb xyuas cov protein, xws li B7-1 / B7-2 ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kabmob hlwb (APC) thiab CTLA-4 ntawm T hlwb, pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev kuaj xyuas. Thaum T-cell receptor (TCR) khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen thiab cov keeb kwm loj (histocompatibility complex) (MHC) cov roj ntsha ntawm APC thiab CD28 khi rau B7-1 / B7-2 ntawm APC, lub cell T yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov khi ntawm B7-1 / B7-2 rau CTLA-4 khaws cov T cell nyob hauv lub xeev tsis muaj zog yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem tua cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev (sab laug vaj huam sib luag). Kev thaiv qhov kev khi ntawm B7-1 / B7-2 rau CTLA-4 nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv CTLA-4 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) tso cai rau T cell kom nquag plias thiab tua cov qog hlav hlwb (muaj vaj huam sib luag).

• PD-1 inhibitor: PD-1 yog protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm T cell uas pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tshuaj xyuas. Thaum PD-1 txuas mus rau lwm cov protein hu ua PDL-1 ntawm tus kabmob kheesxaws, nws tso tseg T cell los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. PD-1 inhibitors txuas rau PDL-1 thiab tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Pembrolizumab thiab nivolumab yog hom PD-1 inhibitors.

Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kuaj xyuas cov protein, xws li PD-L1 ntawm cov qog hlwb thiab PD-1 ntawm T hlwb, pab ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv tshuaj xyuas. Kev khi ntawm PD-L1 rau PD-1 ua rau T hlwb los ntawm kev tua cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev (sab laug vaj huam sib luag). Kev thaiv cov ntawv cog lus ntawm PD-L1 rau PD-1 nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv PD-L1 lossis anti-PD-1) tso cai rau T cell tua cov qog nqaij hlav hlwb (muaj vaj huam sib luag).

• Interferon: Tshuaj Interferon cuam tshuam rau kev faib cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog qeeb.

• Interleukin-2 (IL-2): IL-2 txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lymphocytes (hom ntshav dawb). Lymphocytes tuaj yeem tawm tsam thiab tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

• Txoj kev kho cov nqaij hlav (TNF) Kev Kho Mob: TNF yog ib qho protein ua los ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv teb rau antigen lossis tus kab mob. TNF yog tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj thiab siv los ua kev kho mob los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nws tab tom kawm hauv kev kho mob melanoma.

Saib Cov Tshuaj Pom Zoo rau Melanoma yog xav paub ntxiv.

Cov hom phiaj kho

Hom phiaj kho yog ib hom kev kho mob uas siv tshuaj lossis lwm yam tshuaj los tua cov qog noj ntshav. Cov hom phiaj kho feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj kev phom sij rau cov hlwb ib txwm dua li kev kho tshuaj lossis hluav taws xob kho. Cov hom mob txawv hauv qab no yog siv los yog tau kawm txog kev kho mob melanoma:

• Cov teeb liab transhibition inhibitor txoj kev kho: Cov teeb liab transhibition inhibitors thaiv cov paib uas tau dhau los ntawm ib qho molecule mus rau lwm sab hauv ntawm tes. Thaiv cov phiajcim no yuav tua tau cov kabmob kheesxaws. Lawv raug siv los kho qee tus neeg mob nrog mob qog nqaij hlav siab lossis qog uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob. Lub teeb liab transduction inhibitors suav nrog:

• BRAF inhibitors (dabrafenib, vemurafenib, encorafenib) uas thaiv cov kev ua ntawm cov protein ua los ntawm mutant BRAF caj ces; thiab

• MEK inhibitors (trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib) uas thaiv cov protein hu ua MEK1 thiab MEK2 uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm BRAF inhibitors thiab MEK inhibitors siv los kho tus mob melanoma suav nrog:

• Dabrafenib ntxiv rau trametinib.

• Vemurafenib ntxiv rau cobimetinib.

• Encorafenib ntxiv rau binimetinib.

• Kev kho tus mob Oncolytic: Ib hom kev kho mob hom phiaj uas siv los kho tus mob melanoma. Kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob Oncolytic siv ib hom kab mob kis rau thiab ua rau cov mob hlwb tawg tab sis tsis muaj cov qe ntshav li qub. Kev muab tshuaj tua hluav taws xob los yog siv tshuaj kho mob yuav tau muab tom qab oncolytic tua kab mob los tua ntau cov qe ntshav. Talimogene laherparepvec yog ib hom kev kho tus mob oncolytic ua nrog ib daim ntawv ntawm tus mob herpesvirus uas tau hloov pauv hauv chav kuaj mob. Nws yog txhaj ncaj qha rau cov qog qog ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ntshav.

• Angiogenesis inhibitors: Yog hom kev tsom rau kev kho mob uas tau kawm txog kev kho mob melanoma. Angiogenesis inhibitors thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntshav tshiab. Hauv txoj kev kho mob qog ntshav, lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntshav tshiab uas cov qog xav tau loj hlob.

Cov hom phiaj tshiab thiab cov tshuaj sib txuam ua ke tau qhia txog kev kho mob melanoma.

Saib Cov Tshuaj Pom Zoo rau Melanoma yog xav paub ntxiv.

Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.

Tshooj lus kawg piav txog kev kho mob uas tau kawm hauv kev sim tshuaj. Nws yuav tsis hais txog txhua txoj kev kho tshiab tau kawm. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob muaj nyob rau ntawm NCI lub vev xaib.

Tshuaj kho tiv thaiv

Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kev kho mob cancer uas yog siv cov tshuaj los yog pawg ntawm cov tshuaj los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob kom pom cov qog thiab tua nws. Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tau kawm hauv kev kho mob ntawm theem III melanoma tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob.

Kev kho mob melanoma tuaj yeem ua phiv.

Yog xav paub txog cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, saib peb Sab Phiv Rov Qab.

Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.

Txog qee tus neeg mob, koom nrog kev sim kho mob yuav yog txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov chaw kuaj mob yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tshawb mob qog noj ntshav. Cov chaw kho mob tau sim ua kom pom tias kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tshiab muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo dua lossis zoo dua cov qauv tshuaj.

Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav niaj hnub no yog los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kab mob thaum ntxov. Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv kev kho mob lossis ua thawj zaug tau txais kev kho mob tshiab.

Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob kuj pab txhim kho txoj kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias kev sim tshuaj sim tsis ua rau muaj kev kho mob tshiab, lawv feem ntau teb cov lus nug tseem ceeb thiab pab txav kev tshawb fawb tom ntej.

Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.

Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj tsuas yog suav nrog cov neeg mob uas tseem tsis tau txais kev kho mob. Lwm txoj kev sim sim cov kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas mob qog noj qab tsis tau zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev sim tshuaj kuaj mob uas sim txoj kev tshiab los txwv qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv (rov qab los) lossis txo kev phiv los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj.

Cov chaw kuaj mob tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm NCI tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm NCI cov chaw kuaj mob tshawb nrhiav lub vev xaib. Cov chaw kuaj mob txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm cov koomhaum tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm ClinicalTrials.gov lub vev xaib.

Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Qee qhov kev ntsuas mob uas tau ntsuas los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav lossis kom pom tias theem mob cancer yuav rov qab ua dua. Qee qhov kev ntsuas yuav rov ua qhov qub txhawm rau kom pom tias qhov kev kho mob ua haujlwm li cas. Cov kev txiav txim siab hais txog seb puas yuav txuas ntxiv, hloov, lossis tsum tsis mus kho yuav ua raws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuas no.

Qee qhov kev sim yuav txuas ntxiv ua ib zaug dhau ib zaug tom qab kho tas. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim no tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias koj tus mob tau hloov lossis yog tias mob qog rov qab (rov qab los). Qee qhov kev ntsuas no qee zaum hu ua kev kuaj mob rov qab lossis mus kuaj mob.

Cov Kev Kho Mob Los Ntawm Ntu

Hauv Tshooj Lus no

• Theem 0 (Melanoma hauv Situ)

• Theem Kuv Melanoma

• Theem II Melanoma

• Theem III Melanoma Uas Raug Tshem Tawm Tau Los Ntawm Kev phais mob

• Theem III Melanoma Tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm Kev phais Mob, Theem IV Melanoma, thiab Kev Rov Qab Melanoma

Yog xav paub txog cov kev kho mob uas teev rau hauv qab no, saib hauv Cov Lus Qhia Kev Xaiv Kev Xaiv.

Theem 0 (Melanoma hauv Situ)

Kev kho mob ntawm qib 0 feem ntau yog kev phais kom tshem tawm thaj chaw ntawm qog nqaij hlav tsis txaus thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem Kuv Melanoma

Kev kho mob ntawm theem kuv melanoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog thiab qee qhov nqaij ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig nws. Qee zaum kuj muaj cov qog ntshav tawm thiab tshem tawm cov qog ntshav ua tiav.

• Kev kuaj mob hauv txoj kev tshiab los nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub qog ua ntshav.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem II Melanoma

Kev kho mob ntawm theem II melanoma tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog thiab qee qhov nqaij ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig nws. Qee lub sijhawm cov qog ntshav ntawm lub caj dab thiab txoj kev xa cov qog nqaij hlav tawm mus kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qog tib lub sijhawm ua kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog. Yog tias pom muaj mob qog ntshav hlav hauv cov hlab ntsws, ntau cov qog ntshav yuav raug tshem tawm.

• Kev phais mob ua raws li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog interferon yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo tias mob cancer yuav rov qab los.

• Kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev kho mob tshiab yuav siv tom qab phais tas.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem III Melanoma Uas Raug Tshem Tawm Tau Los Ntawm Kev phais mob

Kev kho theem ntawm melanoma theem 3 uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog thiab qee qhov nqaij ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig nws. Kev phais tawv nqaij yuav ua kom npog lub qhov txhab tshwm sim los ntawm kev phais mob. Qee lub sijhawm cov qog ntshav ntawm lub caj dab thiab txoj kev xa cov qog nqaij hlav tawm mus kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qog tib lub sijhawm ua kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog. Yog tias pom muaj mob qog ntshav hlav hauv cov hlab ntsws, ntau cov qog ntshav yuav raug tshem tawm.

• Kev phais mob ntxiv nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog nivolumab, ipilimumab, lossis interferon yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tias mob qog yuav rov qab los.

• Kev phais mob tom qab los ntawm hom phiaj kho nrog dabrafenib thiab trametinib yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tias mob qog yuav rov qab los.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog lossis tsis muaj tshuaj kho.

• Ib qho kev sim kho mob hauv kev phais mob ua raws li los ntawm kev kho mob uas lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb pauv hloov cov noob.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Theem III Melanoma Tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm Kev phais Mob, Theem IV Melanoma, thiab Kev Rov Qab Melanoma

Kev kho theem ntawm melanoma III uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob, theem IV melanoma, thiab mob melanoma txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev kho tus mob Oncolytic (talimogene laherparepvec) txhaj rau qhov hlav.

• Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, lossis interleukin-2 (IL-2). Qee zaum ipilimumab thiab nivolumab muab ua ke.

• Cov hom phiaj kho nrog lub teeb liab transhibition inhibitors (dabrafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib, cobimetinib, encorafenib, binimetinib). Cov no

tej zaum yuav muab nyob ib leeg los yog ua ke.

• Kws khomob.

• Palliative therapy los daws cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo. Qhov no yuav suav nrog:

• Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog ntshav lossis lub qog hauv lub ntsws, mob hnyuv (GI) cov kab mob, pob txha, lossis paj hlwb.

• Kev kho hluav taws xob rau lub hlwb, pob txha caj qaum, lossis pob txha.

Cov kev kho mob uas tau kawm hauv kev soj ntsuam hauv qib III melanoma uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob, theem IV melanoma, thiab mob melanoma muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

• Immunotherapy ib leeg los yog ua ke nrog nrog lwm cov kev kho mob xws li kho hom phiaj.

• Rau cov mob melanoma uas tau kis mus rau lub hlwb, txhaj tshuaj nrog nivolumab ntxiv rau ipilimumab.

• Cov hom phiaj kho, xws li cov teeb liab transhibition inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, kev kho tus mob oncolytic, lossis cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau qee yam kev hloov noob. Cov no tuaj yeem muab rau ib leeg lossis hauv kev ua ke.

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm txhua tus mob cancer.

• Kev kho mob hauv ib cheeb tsam (hyperthermic cais lim hiam perfusion). Qee tus neeg mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tshuaj kho mob nrog qog nqaij hlav necrosis factor.

• Tshuaj thev naus laus zis.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Yuav Tsum Kawm Ntxiv Txog Melanoma

Xav paub ntau ntxiv los ntawm National Cancer Institute txog melanoma, saib cov hauv qab no:

• Kab Mob Khees Xaws (Nrog Rau Melanoma) Tsev Nplooj Ntawv

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer

• Kev kuaj mob tawv nqaij

• Sentinel Cov Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob

• Tshuaj Pom Zoo rau Melanoma

• Tshuaj Kho Mob Los Kho Mob Cancer

• Hom Kab Mob Kuaj Mob Cancer

• Moles rau Melanoma: Paub txog ABCDE Nta

Txog kev qhia txog kabmob kheesxaws thoob plaws thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam los ntawm National Cancer Institute, saib cov hauv qab no:

• Txog Mob Cancer

• Qib

• Kev Siv Tshuaj Kho Mob thiab Koj: Txhawb Rau Cov Neeg Muaj Mob Cancer

• Qhov Kev Mob Hlaws Hluav Taws Xob thiab Koj: Txhawb Rau Cov Neeg Muaj Mob Cancer

• Kev Muaj Mob Cancer

• Cov Lus Nug Yuav Nug Koj Tus Kws Kho Mob txog Kab Mob Cancer

• Rau Cov Muaj Txoj Sia Nyob thiab Cov Saib Xyuas