Cov Hom / extracranial-germ-cell / neeg mob / kab mob-ntawm tes-kev kho mob-pdq

Thaum Menyuam Yaus Txhob Ua Haujlwm Ntxiv Cell Cell Lub Pob Qoob Kho Cov Qauv

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Dav Txog Cov Menyuam Yaus Dab Tom Ntxiv Cov Qib Pob Tawb

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Cov qog ua noob thaum tseem yau ntawm cov qog ua noob los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev uas tsis yog lub hlwb.

• Cov qog ntawm cov noob qog ua noob thaum tseem yau tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis meej lossis qog neeg phem.

• Cov qog ua noob qog ua noob thaum tseem yau tau faib ua pawg neeg li hlav.

• Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors

• Kev Siv Tes Tawv Nrig Qho Ntxiv Extrainadal Germ Cell

• Muaj peb hom mob qog ua noob ntxiv.

• Teratomas

• Malignant Germ Cell Cov Qog

• Mixed Cell Cell hlav

• Vim li cas tseem tsis paub tias yuav ua li cas cov uas mob qog cov noob ntshav noob qes.

• Muaj qee yam qog ntawm lub cev yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog cov noob ntshav hlav ntxiv.

• Cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua pov thawj ntawm cov noob qog ua nyob ntawm seb cov qog ua lub cev nyob hauv lub cev.

• Kev ntsuam xyuas cov duab qog ntshav thiab kuaj ntshav tau siv coj los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj kab mob hlav ua qog ntshav thaum yau.

• Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Cov qog ua noob thaum tseem yau ntawm cov qog ua noob los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev uas tsis yog lub hlwb.

Cov kab mob ntshav yog ib hom cell uas tsim los ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab (tsis tau yug me nyuam). Cov qe no tom qab ua cov phev nyob rau hauv cov noob qes lossis qe hauv lub zes qe menyuam.

Cov ntsiab lus luv luv no yog hais txog cov keeb hlav qog ntshav uas tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas tau ntxiv dhau los (sab nraud lub hlwb). Cov hlav qog noob qes feem ntau ua rau thaj chaw hauv qab ntawm lub cev:

• Cov noob qes.

• Zes qe menyuam.

• Sacrum lossis coccyx (pob tw).

• Retroperitoneum (thaj chaw hauv qab nraub qaum hauv qab daim ntaub uas ua txoj kab ntawm phab ntsa plab thiab npog feem ntau ntawm cov kabmob hauv plab).

• Mediastinum (thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsws).

• Taub hau thiab caj dab.

Cov hlav hlav ua kom tshwj xeeb cov qog ua ib feem hauv lub cev uas tsis yog lub hlwb. Qhov no suav nrog cov noob qes, zes qe menyuam, sacrum (qhov qis dua ntawm nqaj qaum), coccyx (pob txha caj qaum), mediastinum (thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsws), retroperitoneum (phab ntsa rov qab ntawm lub plab), thiab lub taub hau thiab caj dab.

Cov hlav hlav hlav noob ntshav muaj keeb kwm feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg hluas.

Saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Kev kho mob rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intracranial (sab hauv lub hlwb) cov qog cell hlav.

Cov qog ntawm cov noob qog ua noob thaum tseem yau tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis meej lossis qog neeg phem.

Cov hlav hlav ua noob qog yuav raug benign (noncancer) lossis malignant (mob qog nqaij hlav).

Cov qog ua noob qog ua noob thaum tseem yau tau faib ua pawg neeg li hlav.

Cov hlav hlav hlav ua haujlwm malignant extracranial cell yog cov qog uas ua rau sab nraud lub hlwb. Lawv yog gonadal lossis extragonadal.

Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Gonadal kab mob hlav cov qog ua nyob rau hauv gonads (noob qes thiab zes qe menyuam).

• Testicular kab mob ntawm tes hlav. Cov kab mob tua cov kab mob ua kom cov leeg mob tau muab faib ua ob hom loj, seminoma thiab nonseminoma. Nonseminomas feem ntau loj thiab ua rau cov cim lossis tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Lawv muaj peev xwm loj hlob thiab sib kis sai dua li ua tiav seminomas.

Cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv cov pob hlav feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej hnub nyoog 4 xyoos lossis rau cov neeg hluas thiab cov neeg hluas. Cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog (11 xyoos thiab laus dua) thiab cov neeg laus hluas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawd thaum yau.

• Hlav ntawm cov qe menyuam cov qog ua hlav. Kheesxaws ntawm cov qe menyuam muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam ntxhais hluas thiab cov pojniam hluas. Feem ntau ntawm zes qe menyuam cov qog ua hlav yog benign mature teratomas (cov pob txha dermoid). Qee qhov hlav qog ntawm cov qog cov qe hlav, xws li cov qog ua ntshav tsis txaus, dysgerminomas, qe nqaij hlav cov qog, lossis cov qog cov hlav ua cov qog cov hlav, muaj malignant.

Kev Siv Tes Tawv Nrig Qho Ntxiv Extrainadal Germ Cell

Cov kab mob ua rau cov noob hauv lub cev uas tshaj ntawm lub cev uas tsis yog lub paj hlwb lossis cov gonads (cov noob qes thiab cov qe).

Feem ntau cov poj niam ntawm qhov viav vias pob zeb feem ntau ua rau kab nruab nrab ntawm lub cev. Qhov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Sacrum (lub loj, daim duab peb sab-hauv pob txha hauv lub nraub qaum uas ua rau ntawm pob txha mos).

• Coccyx (ko tw).

• Mediastinum (thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsws).

• Sab nraum qab ntawm lub plab.

• Caj dab.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 11 xyoos, feem ntau ntawm cov qog cov noob hlav tawm feem ntau tshwm sim thaum yug los lossis thaum tseem yau. Feem ntau ntawm cov qog no yog benign teratomas hauv sacrum lossis coccyx.

Hauv cov menyuam hnub nyoog loj dua, cov hluas, thiab cov neeg laus (11 xyoos thiab laus dua), extragonadal kev ua tub rog ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav feem ntau nyob hauv mediastinum.

Muaj peb hom mob qog ua noob ntxiv.

Cov hlav hlav ua noob qog ua noob kuj tseem ua pawg rau teratomas, hlav qog ua hlav mob hlwb, thiab cov qog cov hlav ua ke:

Teratomas

Muaj ob hom teratomas:

• Lub cev teratomas. Cov qog no yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm cov noob qes tshaj tawm ntawm lub hlwb. Lub teratomas uas yog lub cev yog cov qog cov leeg thiab yuav tsis ua mob cancer. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv sacrum lossis coccyx hauv cov menyuam tshiab lossis hauv cov noob qes lossis zes qe menyuam thaum pib tiav nkauj tiav nraug. Cov qog hlwb ntawm teratomas uas zoo li yuav luag zoo li cov me nyuam ib txwm nyob hauv lub tshuab tsom. Qee qhov teratomas tau tso tawm cov enzymes lossis cov tshuaj hormones uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kabmob.

• Lub cev tsis muaj zog teratomas. Cov hlav no feem ntau tshwm sim rau thaj chaw uas tsis yog gonads hauv cov menyuam yaus lossis zes qe menyuam thaum pib ua tiav nkauj nraug. Lawv muaj cov hlwb uas pom txawv ntawm cov hlwb zoo li hauv lub tshuab tsom. Cov teratomas uas tsis muaj zog tej zaum yuav mob cancer thiab kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Lawv feem ntau muaj ntau hom sib txawv ntawm cov nqaij hauv lawv, xws li plaub hau, leeg, thiab pob txha. Qee qhov teratomas hauv lub cev tsis tau tso tawm cov enzymes lossis cov tshuaj hormones uas ua rau cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kabmob.

Malignant Germ Cell Cov Qog

Cov hlav hlav ua mob malignant hlav yog qog noj ntshav. Muaj ob hom kev mob qog ntawm noob qog hlav:

• Cov hlav hlav ua kua seminomatous. Muaj peb hom mob qog ntawm seminomatous cov qog cell:

• Seminomas daim ntawv hauv noob qes.

• Dysgerminomas ua rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam.

• Germinomas ua rau thaj chaw ntawm lub cev uas tsis yog lub zes qe menyuam lossis cov noob qes, xws li mediastinum.

• Cov qog ua noob tsis-seminomatous. Muaj tsib hom mob uas tsis yog-seminomatous cov kab mob ntawm cov qog:

• Yolk sac hlav ua cov tshuaj hormones hu ua alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, noob qes, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

• Choriocarcinomas ua cov tshuaj hormones hu ua beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, noob qes, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

• Cov tshuaj carryomulis hauv lub hlwb yuav ua rau muaj qhov hormone hu ua β-hCG. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov noob qes los sis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, tab sis tsis nyob hauv lub zes qe menyuam.

• Gonadoblastomas.

• Teratoma thiab yolk hnab hlav.

Mixed Cell Cell hlav

Cov kab mob sib xyaw ntawm cov qog ua cov noob qog ua los ntawm tsawg kawg ob hom kev mob qog hlwb hlav. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, noob qes, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

Vim li cas tseem tsis paub tias yuav ua li cas cov uas mob qog cov noob ntshav noob qes.

Muaj qee yam qog ntawm lub cev yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog cov noob ntshav hlav ntxiv.

Txhua yam uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav kis tus mob yog hu ua kev pheej hmoo. Muaj qhov muaj feem yuav tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj mob qog noj ntshav; tsis muaj yam txaus ntshai tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob yog tias koj xav tias koj tus menyuam raug pheej hmoo.

Cov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai rau cov qog ntshav noob ntxiv ntawm tes muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

• Muaj qee yam mob caj ces:

• Klinefelter syndrome yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog ua qog ua kua rau hauv mediastinum.

• Swyer syndrome yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo gonadoblastoma thiab seminoma.

• Turner syndrome yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo gonadoblastoma thiab dysgerminoma.

• Txo cov noob qes uas tsis muaj qhov xaus yuav ua rau muaj feem mob qog nqaij hlav cancer.

• Muaj gonadal dysgenesis (gonad - zes qe menyuam lossis noob qes - tsis tau ua ib txwm muaj) yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo gonadoblastoma.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua pov thawj ntawm cov noob qog ua nyob ntawm seb cov qog ua lub cev nyob hauv lub cev.

Mob qog txawv yuav ua rau cov cim thiab cov tsos mob hauv qab no. Lwm qhov xwm txheej yuav ua rau tib cov tsos mob no. Nrog kws kho mob tham yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj tej yam hauv qab no:

• Lub caj dab hauv lub caj dab, plab, lossis qis rov qab.

• Lub pob mob tsis mob nyob hauv cov noob qes.

• Mob hauv plab.

• Ua npaws.

• Cem quav.

• Rau cov poj niam, tsis muaj poj niam coj khaub ncaws tsis coj khaub ncaws lossis txawv txav ntawm chaw mos.

Kev ntsuam xyuas cov duab qog ntshav thiab kuaj ntshav tau siv coj los kuaj (pom) thiab kuaj kab mob hlav ua qog ntshav thaum yau.

Cov ntawv xeem thiab txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav raug siv:

• Kev kuaj lub cev thiab keeb kwm: Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev los kuaj cov cim ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kuaj lub cim ntawm tus kab mob, xws li cov qog lossis lwm yam uas zoo li txawv txawv. Cov noob qes yuav tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qog, o, lossis mob. Cov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov kab mob yav dhau los thiab kev kho mob tseem yuav raug coj los siv.

• Ntshav cov qog ua cim: Cov txheej txheem uas kuaj cov ntshav mus kuaj kom ntsuas seb ib co ntshav tawm hauv cov ntshav nruab nrog cev, nqaij, lossis nqaij hlav hauv lub cev li cas Qee yam tshuaj txuas rau qee hom mob qog noj ntshav thaum pom muaj ntau ntxiv hauv cov ntshav. Cov no yog hu ua cov cim qog.

Qee qhov mob qog ua hlav mob qog hlav tawm cov cim qog. Cov cim ntaus cim mob qog hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los kuaj xyuas cov qog ntshav hlav ntxiv ntawm cov qog:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-tib neeg chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

Txog cov noob qes ntshav ntawm cov qog ntshav, ntshav qog ntawm cov qog cov cim yuav pab qhia yog tias lub qog yog seminoma lossis nonseminoma.

• Kev tshawb fawb hauv ntshav cov ntshav: Tus txheej txheem tso ntshav kuaj ntsuas los ntsuas cov khoom tshuaj uas tso rau hauv ntshav los ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov nqaij hauv lub cev. Ib qho txawv (ntau dua lossis qis dua qub) ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua rau lub cim ntawm tus kabmob.

• Xoo Xaim: Xoos hluav taws xob ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab pob txha hauv hauv siab. Qhov xoo hluav taws xob yog ib hom kev tawm dag zog ntawm lub zog uas tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv lub cev thiab mus rau zaj duab xis, ua duab ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub cev.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Tus txheej txheem uas ua rau cov duab ntxaws ntxig ntawm cov chaw hauv lub cev, coj los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum. Cov duab no yog tsim los ntawm lub koos pis tawj txuas nrog lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob. Ib qho zas xim tuaj yeem raug txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis nqos los pab rau cov kabmob lossis cov nqaij ua kom pom tseeb dua. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua suav tomography, computer tom tomography, lossis computerized axial tomography.

Tham tomography (CT) scan ntawm lub plab mog. Tus me nyuam nyob ntawm lub rooj uas zes ntawm CT scanner, uas siv duab xoo hluav taws xob sab hauv lub plab.

• MRI (sib nqus resonance duab): Tus txheej txheem uas siv cov hlau nplaum, xov tooj cua vuam vias, thiab khoos phis tawm los ua cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov chaw hauv lub cev. Tus txheej txheem no tseem hu ua nuclear sib nqus resonance imaging (NMRI).

Sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI) ntawm lub plab. Tus me nyuam nyob ntawm ib lub rooj uas xaub mus rau hauv MRI scanner, uas thaij duab ntawm sab hauv lub cev. Cov ntaub qhwv rau ntawm tus menyuam lub plab pab ua kom pom cov duab ntxig zog.

• Kev kuaj mob Ultrasound: Ib txoj kev uas lub suab nrov zog hluav taws xob (ultrasound) muaj bounced tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sab hauv lossis cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab ua echoes. Cov ncha tsim daim duab ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv hu ua sonogram. Daim duab tuaj yeem tsim kom pom tom ntej.

Mob plab hauv ultrasound. Qhov hloov pauv ultrasound uas txuas nrog lub khoos phis tawm yog nias tawm tsam daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub plab. Cov transducer bounces suab tsis tawm sab hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ua echoes uas ua ib qho sonogram (khoos phis tawj duab).

• Tso me nyuam tawm: tshem tawm cov nqaij los yog nqaij kom lawv tuaj yeem saib nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom kab ntsig los ntawm tus kws kho mob kuaj seb puas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav. Qee lub sij hawm muab hlais tawm me ntsis los yog siv rab koob hno ua ntej kev phais kom tshem ib qho hnoos qeev. Qee zaum cov qog tau raug tshem tawm thaum phais thiab tom qab ntawd cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij mos yog tshem tawm cov qog.

Cov kev sim hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov nqaij mos uas raug tshem tawm:

• Kev tshuaj ntsuam Cytogenetic: Kev sim tshuaj uas cov chromosomes ntawm cov hlwb hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raug suav thiab txheeb xyuas rau txhua qhov hloov pauv, xws li tawg, ploj, rov kho dua, lossis ntxiv cov chromosomes. Kev hloov qee yam chromosomes yuav yog mob qog nqaij hlav. Cytogenetic tsom xam yog siv los pab ntsuas mob qog noj ntshav, npaj kev kho mob, lossis pom tias kev kho mob ua haujlwm tau zoo npaum li cas.

• Immunohistochemistry: Kev sim tshuaj uas siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv qee yam antigens (ntaus cim) hauv cov qauv ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog txuas nrog qhov enzyme lossis fluorescent zas. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas mus rau ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv ntaub so ntswg, cov enzyme lossis zas xim raug qhib, thiab cov antigen tuaj yeem pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Hom kev kuaj ntshav no siv los pab kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav thiab pab qhia ib hom mob cancer los ntawm lwm hom mob cancer.

Qee yam cuam tshuam txog kev raug (mob rov qab) thiab txoj kev kho.

Qhov raug (sij hawm rov qab los) thiab kev xaiv kho nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau.

• Qeb mob cancer (txawm nws kis mus rau thaj chaw ze, lub qog ntshav, lossis rau lwm qhov chaw hauv lub cev).

• Qhov twg cov qog xub pib tawm tuaj.

• Yuav ua li cas cov mob qog tau teb rau kev kho mob.

• Hom mob qog ua qog.

• Seb tus neeg mob tau gonadal dysgenesis.

• Txawm tias cov qog yuav tshem tawm tag nrho los ntawm kev phais mob.

• Txawm hais tias mob kheesxaws nyuam qhuav raug kuaj lossis rov mob dua (rov qab los).

Kev kuaj mob rau cov menyuam yaus ua tub ntxhais kawm tshwj xeeb cov qog cov hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov poj niam zes qe menyuam cov hlav hlav, ua tau zoo.

Qib Menyuam Thaum Nrawm Ntxiv Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Tom qab muaj menyuam yaus raug tua cov qog ntawm cov qog ntshav tau raug kuaj, kev ntsuam xyuas yog kuaj pom tias cov qog mob cancer tau kis los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov qog pib rau thaj chaw ze lossis mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

• Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.

• Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

• Cov qib tau siv los piav qhia txog cov sib txawv ntawm cov noob qes ntshav ntxiv.

• Cov kab mob tua cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob uas yau dua 11 xyoos

• Cov kab mob tua cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob 11 xyoo thiab laus dua

• Hlav ntawm zes qe menyuam cov qog ua hlav

• Extragonadal extracranial kab mob cell cov qog

Tom qab muaj menyuam yaus raug tua cov qog ntawm cov qog ntshav tau raug kuaj, kev ntsuam xyuas yog kuaj pom tias cov qog mob cancer tau kis los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov qog pib rau thaj chaw ze lossis mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

Cov txheej txheem siv los xyuas seb tus mob cancer tau kis los ntawm qhov twg mob qog pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev hu ua staging. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov txheej txheem theem txiav txim theem ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog theem kom thiaj li npaj tau kev kho mob. Muaj qee kis, kev teev tseg tuaj yeem ua raws li kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog.

Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv:

• MRI (sib nqus resonance duab): Tus txheej txheem siv cov hlau nplaum, xov tooj cua voos, thiab lub koos pij tawj los ua cov duab ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub cev, xws li lub hlwb lossis cov qog ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua nuclear sib nqus resonance kev kos duab.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Cov txheej txheem uas ua rau cov duab ntxaws ntxig ntawm cov chaw hauv lub cev, xws li lub hauv siab lossis lub qog, coj los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum. Cov duab no yog tsim los ntawm lub koos pis tawj txuas nrog lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob. Ib qho zas xim tuaj yeem raug txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis nqos los pab rau cov kabmob lossis cov nqaij ua kom pom tseeb dua. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua suav tomography, computer tom tomography, lossis computerized axial tomography.

• Nqaij pob txha mos: cov txheej txheem los kuaj xyuas yog tias muaj cov hlwb faib sai sai, xws li mob hlwb, hauv cov pob txha. Qhov tsawg tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ncig ntawm cov ntshav. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cia hauv cov pob txha nrog mob qog noj ntshav thiab tau kuaj pom los ntawm ib qho luam theej duab.

• Thoracentesis: Cov kev tshem tawm cov kua dej los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv ob sab phlu thiab lub ntsws, siv rab koob. Tus kws kho mob pub kev paub txog cov kua hauv lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

• Paracentesis: Kev tshem tawm cov kua dej ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub plab hauv plab thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum hauv plab, siv rab koob. Tus kws kho mob pub kev paub txog cov kua hauv lub tshuab tsom nrhiav cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov txheej txheem siv los nrhiav thiab kuaj pom cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntxiv hauv cov menyuam yaus lub cev.

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas mob cancer kis hauv lub cev.

Kab mob khees xaws tuaj yeem kis tawm los ntawm cov nqaij mos, cov qog ntshav, thiab ntshav:

• Ntaub so ntswg. Tus kab mob cancer kis los ntawm qhov chaw nws pib kis los ntawm thaj chaw ze.

• Lymph system. Tus mob cancer kis ntawm qhov uas nws pib los ntawm kev nkag rau hauv lymph system. Tus kab mob cancer taug kev los ntawm cov qog ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

• Ntshav. Tus mob cancer kis rau nws los ntawm qhov nws pib los ntawm nkag rau hauv cov ntshav. Tus kabmob khiav tawm hauv cov hlab ntshav mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Mob khees xaws yuav kis tau los ntawm qhov nws pib rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Thaum mob cancer kis mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev, nws hu ua metastasis. Kab mob khees xaws khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw lawv pib (thawj qog) thiab taug kev hauv cov qog ntshav lossis ntshav.

• Lymph system. Cov qog nqaij hlav nkag mus rau hauv lub lymph system, taug kev hauv cov hlab ntsws, thiab ua cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

• Ntshav. Cov qog ntshav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, taug kev los ntawm cov hlab ntshav, thiab tsim cov qog ntshav (metastatic hlav) hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

Cov mob metastatic yog tib yam kabmob uas yog thawj cov qog. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib lub qog ua noob ntxiv tso tawm rau cov nplooj siab, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub siab yog qhov muaj cov kab mob tua neeg. Tus kab mob yog metastatic extracranial kab mob cell mob qog, tsis mob siab mob cancer.

Cov qib tau siv los piav qhia txog cov sib txawv ntawm cov noob qes ntshav ntxiv.

Cov kab mob tua cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob uas yau dua 11 xyoos

Cov theem hauv qab no yog los ntawm Pab Rau Cov Oncology Cov Menyuam.

• Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, kev mob qog tsuas pom muaj hauv cov noob qes xwb. Lub noob qes thiab caj hlav phev raug tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev phais thiab tag nrho cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog ntawm cov qog) tsis tau tawg (tawg qhib) thiab siv lub tshuab ua kom zoo ua ntej cov qog tawm; thiab

• txhua lub qog ua kua me dua 1 xees ntawm lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lawv txoj kab CT CT lossis MRI.

• Theem II

Hauv theem II, cov noob qes thiab cov phev raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais thiab ib qho hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog ntawm cov qog) ua kom tawg (tawg qhib) lossis kuaj me me ua ntej kev phais; lossis

• mob kheesxaws uas tuaj yeem pom nkaus xwb nrog lub tshuab tsom kab me me tseem nyob hauv qhov hnoos qeev lossis hauv lub caj pas phev nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw hnoos qeev thiab tom qab phais mob qog hlav qog cim theem tsis rov zoo li qub lossis tsis txo qis.

Kab mob khees xaws tsis kis rau cov qog ntshav.

• Theem III

Hauv Ntu III, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• cov kabmob tau kis mus rau ib lossis ntau qhov ntswg nyob tom qab ntawm lub plab; lossis

• txhua lub qog nyob ntev li 2 centimeters dav dav lossis loj dua 1 centimeters tab sis me dua 2 centimeters hauv lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws thiab tsis hloov los sis loj hlob thaum CT scan lossis MRI rov ua dua li ntawm 4 txog 6 lub lis piam.

• Theem IV

Hauv theem IV, mob cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li daim siab, mob ntsws, pob txha, thiab lub hlwb.

Cov kab mob tua cov kab mob hauv cov neeg mob 11 xyoo thiab laus dua

Saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Kho Mob Qog Tawv Qib kom paub cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog kev siv tshuaj tua pob qog nqaij hlav rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 11 xyoos thiab laus dua.

Hlav ntawm zes qe menyuam cov qog ua hlav

Ob lub tshuab ntaus khoom siv yog siv rau cov zes qe menyuam cov qog cov hlav: Cov Pab Pawg Menyuam Oncology thiab International Federation of Gynecology thiab Obstetrics (FIGO).

Cov theem hauv qab no yog los ntawm Pab Rau Cov Oncology Cov Menyuam.

• Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, cov qog ntshav hauv zes qe menyuam raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob thiab txhua yam ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog ntawm cov qog) tsis tau tawg (tawg qhib) thiab siv lub tshuab ua kom zoo ua ntej cov qog tawm; thiab

• tsis muaj ib qho qhia tias tus mob cancer tau kis los ntawm qhov tshuaj capsule; thiab

• tsis muaj mob kheesxaws nyob hauv cov dej tawm ntawm lub plab; thiab

• tsis muaj mob kheesxaws pom nyob rau ntawm cov nqaij mos uas ua rau mob plab lossis pom nyob rau hauv cov nqaij mos coj mus kuaj thaum kuaj nqaij; thiab

• cov qog ua me dua 1 xees ntawm lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kab txiav CT scan lossis MRI lossis tsis pom muaj qog nqaij hlav nyob hauv cov qog ntshav coj mus kuaj thaum mus kuaj.

• Theem II

Hauv theem II, lub qog nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob thiab kuaj me me ua ntej ua ntej kev phais thiab ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob qog tau kis thoob plaws lossis tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog ntawm cov qog); lossis

• lub qog loj dua 10 centimeters thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob laparoscopic; lossis

• lub qog tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev tawg ua tej daim me me thiab nws tsis paub yog tias mob cancer kis los ntawm qhov tsiav tshuaj.

Cov kabmob kheesxaws tsis pom nyob hauv cov kua dej los ntawm lub plab. Mob kheesxaws tsis pom nyob rau ntawm cov qog ntshav lossis daim ntaub uas ua haujlwm hauv lub plab thiab mob qog nqaij hlav tsis pom nyob rau ntawm cov nqaij coj mus kuaj.

• Theem III

Hauv theem III, lub qog nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob thiab ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• cov qog ntshav tsawg kawg yog 2 centimeters dav lossis loj dua 1 centimeters tab sis me dua 2 centimeters hauv lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws thiab tsis hloov los sis loj hlob thaum CT scan lossis MRI rov ua dua 4 rau 6 lub lis piam tom qab phais mob; lossis

• lub qog ua tsis tiav los ntawm kev phais mob lossis kev kuaj mob tom qab ua tiav; lossis

• mob qog nqaij hlav (nrog rau teratoma tsis paub qab hau) tau pom hauv kua dej los ntawm lub plab; lossis

• mob cancer (suav nrog teratoma tsis paub qab hau) tau pom hauv cov qog ntshav; lossis

• mob cancer (suav nrog teratoma tsis paub qab hau) muaj nyob hauv cov nqaij mos uas ua kom mob plab.

• Theem III-X

Hauv theem III-X, lub qog yuav piav raws li theem I lossis theem II, tshwj tsis yog:

• cov roj ntsha ua haujlwm hauv lub plab tsis tau sau; lossis

• muab ib qho kev txiav me me ntawm cov qog ntshav uas loj dua 1 centimeter hauv lawv txoj kab uas luv tshaj plaws tsis tau ua; lossis

• muab ib qho nqaij ntawm cov nqaij los ntawm daim ntaub qhwv hauv plab yog tsis ua tiav; lossis

• staging tsis tau ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm phais tab sis yuav ua tiav thaum phais zaum thib ob.

• Theem IV

Hauv Ntu IV, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob cancer tau kis mus rau lub siab lossis sab nraud lub plab mus rau lwm thaj chaw hauv lub cev, xws li tus pob txha, lub ntsws, lossis lub hlwb.

• mob hlwb tau pom nyob hauv cov kua hauv lub ntsws.

Cov theem hauv qab no yog los ntawm International Federation of Gynecology thiab Obstetrics (FIGO).

• Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, kev mob kheesxaws pom muaj nyob hauv ib lossis ob qho ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab tsis kis mus. Theem Kuv muab faib rau theem IA, theem IB, thiab theem IC.

• Theem IA: Kabmob muaj nyob hauv ib ovary.

• Theem IB: Kab mob qog nyob ntawm ob leeg zes qe menyuam.

• Theem IC: Kabmob muaj nyob hauv ib lossis ob lub zes qe menyuam thiab ib qho hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• khees xawj kuj tseem pom nyob sab nraud ntawm ib lossis ob leeg zes qe menyuam; lossis

• cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog) ntawm cov qog ua kom tawg (tawg qhib) ua ntej lossis thaum phais; lossis

• mob kheesxaws muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua dej los ntawm lub plab lossis hauv kev ntxuav ntawm peritoneal kab noj hniav (kab noj hniav hauv lub cev uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kabmob hauv plab).

• Theem II

Hauv theem II, mob qog nqaij hlav muaj nyob hauv ib lossis ob leeg zes qe menyuam thiab tau kis mus rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm lub plab mog, lossis thawj tus kabmob peritoneal tau pom. Theem II tau muab faib ua theem IIA thiab theem IIB.

• Theem IIA: Cancer tau kis mus rau lub tsev menyuam thiab / lossis txoj hlab qe ntshav (txoj hlab ntev ntev uas los ntawm cov qe hla dhau ntawm lub zes qe menyuam mus rau lub tsev menyuam).

• Theem IIB: Kab mob qog nkag mus rau lwm daim ntaub hauv lub plab mog xws li lub zais zis, qhov quav, lossis ntawm lub paum.

• Theem III

Hauv theem III, pom muaj kab mob cancer hauv ib lossis ob leeg zes qe menyuam lossis thawj tus kabmob peritoneal pom. Mob khees xaws tau nthuav tawm sab nraud ntawm lub plab mog mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub plab thiab / lossis rau cov qog ntshav ntawm lub plab. Theem III raug faib rau theem IIIA, theem IIIB, thiab theem IIIC.

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg lub qog feem ntau ntsuas hauv centimeters (cm) lossis nti. Cov zaub mov cov khoom noj uas siv tau los qhia cov qog loj hauv cm suav nrog: pea (1 cm), txiv laum huab xeeb (2 cm), txiv hmab (3 cm), txiv ntoo (4 cm), txiv qaub (5 cm lossis 2) ntiv tes), ib lub qe (6 cm), txiv duaj (7 cm), thiab txiv kab ntxwv qaub (10 cm lossis 4 ntiv tes).

• Hauv theem IIIA, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob cancer tau kis rau cov qog ntshav ntawm sab hauv qab ntawm lub plab nkaus xwb; lossis

• mob hlwb uas tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nrog lub tshuab tsom kab mob tau kis mus rau sab nrauv peritoneum sab nraud ntawm lub plab mog. Mob kheesxaws yuav kis mus rau cov leeg nyob ze tom qab ntawm lub plab.

• Theem IIIB: Kab Mob tau kis mus rau peritoneum sab nraud ntawm lub plab mog thiab tus kabmob hauv peritoneum yog 2 centimeters lossis me dua. Mob kheesxaws yuav kis mus rau cov leeg mob nyob tom qab ntawm lub plab.

• Theem IIIC: Cancer tau kis mus rau peritoneum sab nraud ntawm lub plab mog thiab tus kabmob hauv cov peritoneum loj dua 2 centimeters. Kab mob khees xaws tau kis rau cov qog ntshav nyob sab tom qab ntawm lub plab los yog rau sab hauv lub siab lossis tawv nqaij.

• Theem IV

Theem IV tau muab faib ua theem IVA thiab IVB.

• Theem IVA: Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nrhiav nyob hauv cov kua dej ntau ntxiv uas ua rau lub ntsws nyob puag ncig.

• Theem IVB: Kab mob Cancer tau kis mus rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov nqaij sab nraud, uas suav nrog cov qog ntshav hauv puab tais.

Extragonadal extracranial kab mob cell cov qog

Cov theem hauv qab no yog los ntawm Pab Rau Cov Oncology Cov Menyuam.

• Theem Kuv

Hauv theem I, lub qog txiav tawm tag nrho cov kev phais mob thiab tag nrho cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• tsis muaj mob hlwb nyob hauv thaj chaw uas raug tshem qog tawm; thiab

• cov tshuaj ntsiav (sab nraud npog ntawm cov qog) tsis tau tawg (tawg qhib) thiab siv lub tshuab ua kom zoo ua ntej cov qog tawm; thiab

• mob khees xaws tsis pom nyob hauv cov kua dej los ntawm lub plab hauv plab, yog cov qog ua haujlwm nyob hauv plab thiab

• cov qog ntshav me dua 1 xees ntawm CT scan lossis MRI ntawm lub plab, plab mog, thiab hauv siab.

• Theem II

Hauv theem II, mob qog noj ntshav tsis tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob thiab ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• mob qog uas tuaj yeem tsuas pom nrog lub tshuab tsom tseem nyob tom qab kev phais mob; lossis

• mob qog uas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag tseem nyob tom qab kev phais thiab qhov hnoos qeev (sab nraud ntawm lub qog) ua kom tawg (tawg qhib) lossis kuaj me me.

Cov kabmob kheesxaws tsis pom nyob hauv cov kua dej los ntawm lub plab. Tsis muaj ib yam qhia tias mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub qog hauv lub plab, plab, lossis lub hauv siab ntawm CT scan lossis MRI.

• Theem III

Hauv Ntu III, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb:

• kev mob qog noj tsis tag nrho los ntawm kev phais mob thiab mob qog noj ntshav uas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag tseem tshuav tom qab phais lossis tsuas yog kuaj ib qho me me xwb; lossis

• cov qog ntshav tsawg kawg 2 centimeters dav lossis loj dua 1 centimeters tab sis me dua 2 centimeters hauv lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws thiab tsis hloov los sis loj hlob thaum CT scan lossis MRI rov ua dua li ntawm 4 txog 6 lub lis piam.

• Theem IV

Hauv theem IV, mob cancer tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li daim siab, mob ntsws, pob txha, lossis mob hlwb.

Kev Rov Ua Dua Thaum Menyuam Yaus Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Cell Cell

Cov mob qog ua menyuam yaus loj ntxiv ua qog ua pob hlav yog mob qog noj ntshav (rov qab los) tom qab nws tau kho. Cov kabmob yuav rov qab los rau ntawm thaj chaw lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob qog uas hlav hlav tuaj rov qab yog tsawg. Feem ntau cov qog cov hlav hlav ua hlav rov qab los ntawm peb xyoos ntawm kev phais mob. Li ntawm ib nrab ntawm teratomas uas rov tshwm sim hauv lub sacrum lossis coccyx yog malignant, yog li kev taug qab yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Txoj Kev Kho Mob Cov Tswv Yim

QHOV TSEEM CEEB

• Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov qog ua noob ntxiv.

• Cov menyuam yaus uas mob qog ua haujlwm hauv lub raum yuav tsum tau npaj kho lawv tus kheej los ntawm pab pawg kws saib xyuas mob nkeeg uas yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev kho mob cancer hauv menyuam yaus.

• Kev kho rau cov qog cov noob ntshav ua kom zoo siab tuaj yeem ua rau mob tshwm sim.

• Peb hom kev kho mob tau siv:

• Kev phais mob

• Kev Soj Ntsuam

• Kws khomob

• Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.

• Kev siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv nrog cov qog hloov qog

• Kev siv hluav taws xob

• Cov hom phiaj kho

• Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.

• Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.

• Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov qog ua noob ntxiv.

Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob muaj rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov qog ua noob ntxiv. Qee qhov kev kho mob yog tus qauv (cov kev kho mob tam sim no), thiab qee qhov raug sim hauv kev kuaj mob. Ib txoj kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob yog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav uas pab txhawm rau txhim kho kev kho mob tam sim no lossis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho mob tshiab rau cov neeg mob cancer. Thaum kuaj pom tias cov kev kho tshiab zoo dua li kev kho mob, cov kev kho mob tshiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov qauv kev kho mob.

Vim tias mob qog noj ntshav rau menyuam yaus yog muaj tsawg, kev koom nrog kev sim tshuaj yuav tsum tau coj los xav. Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj sim tsuas yog qhib rau cov neeg mob uas tsis tau pib kho.

Cov menyuam yaus uas mob qog ua haujlwm hauv lub raum yuav tsum tau npaj kho lawv tus kheej los ntawm pab pawg kws saib xyuas mob nkeeg uas yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev kho mob cancer hauv menyuam yaus.

Kev kho yuav raug saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho menyuam yaus, kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho menyuam yaus mob qog noj ntshav. Tus kws kho menyuam yaus ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv uas yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev kho cov menyuam yaus mob qog nqaij hlav ntxiv thiab tus kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv qee yam tshuaj. Cov no yuav suav nrog cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv qab no:

• Kws kho mob hlwb.

• Kws phais neeg mob hlwb.

• Kev kuaj xyuas cov hlab ntshav ntshav.

• Kws phais hluav taws xob oncologist.

• Endocrinologist.

• Kws saib xyuas neeg mob tshwj xeeb.

• Cov kws tshaj lij fab kev peem tsheej.

• Tus me nyuam lub neej tshaj lij.

• Kws tshuaj sab laj.

• Neeg ua hauj lwm pab neeg.

• Neeg caj ces.

Kev kho rau cov qog cov noob ntshav ua kom zoo siab tuaj yeem ua rau mob tshwm sim.

Yog xav paub txog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas pib thaum kho mob cancer, mus saib peb Nplooj Ntawv Sab Npab.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho mob cancer uas pib tom qab kho thiab txuas ntxiv rau lub hlis lossis xyoo yog hu ua kev mob lig. Kev lig dhau los ntawm kev kho mob cancer tej zaum yuav muaj cov hauv qab no:

• Cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev, xws li muaj menyuam yaus, teeb meem hnov ​​lus thiab teeb meem lub raum.

• Hloov pauv hauv txoj kev xav, kev xav, kev xav, kev kawm, lossis kev nco.

• Kab mob qog zaum ob (hom qog nqaij hlav tshiab), xws li mob qog ntshav.

Qee qhov cuam tshuam tom qab tuaj yeem kho lossis tswj tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nrog kws kho mob tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob hais txog cov kev kho mob cancer yuav muaj rau koj tus menyuam. (Saib cov ntsiab lus hais txog Cov Kev Kho Mob Npaws Sij Hawm Rau Kev Mob Hlwb Me Nyuam Me kom paub ntau ntxiv).

Peb hom kev kho mob tau siv:

Kev phais mob

Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog yog ua tiav thaum ua tau. Yog tias cov qog ntshav loj heev, kev kho tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej, ua kom cov qog ua kom tsawg dua thiab txo cov nqaij uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm thaum phais. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev phais mob yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev ua me nyuam. Cov kev phais hauv qab no siv tau:

• Rov Qab Kho: Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg lossis qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov khoom hauv nruab nrog.

• Radical inguinal orchiectomy: Kev phais kom tshem tawm ib lossis ob lub noob qes tawm los ntawm kev phais (txiav) hauv qhov puab tais.

• Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm ib lub zes qe menyuam thiab ib txoj hlab qe menyuam rau tib qho ntug.

Tom qab tus kws kho mob tshem tawm tag nrho cov qog uas tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm phais, qee tus neeg mob yuav raug muab tshuaj kho tom qab phais mob los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas tseem tshuav. Kev kho mob tom qab qhov kev phais mob, txhawm rau txo qis kev mob qog noj ntshav yuav rov qab tuaj, hu ua kev kho mob rau tom qab.

Kev Soj Ntsuam

Kev soj ntsuam yog saib zoo rau tus neeg mob lub sijhawm yam tsis tau muab kev kho kom txog thaum tus mob lossis cov tsos mob tshwm lossis hloov pauv. Txog rau cov menyuam yaus ua cov txhab phais hauv lub cev, qhov no suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas lub cev, ntsuas lub suab, thiab kuaj cov qog ntshav.

Kws khomob

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv cov tshuaj los txwv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, los ntawm kev tua cov qog lossis txwv tsis pub faib. Thaum cov tshuaj tua kab mob noj los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav lossis leeg, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau cov ntshav thiab tuaj yeem mus txog rau cov qog nqaij hlav ntshav thoob plaws lub cev (kev kho mob tshuaj tua kabmob). Thaum cov kws kho mob tso tshuaj rau ncaj qha mus rau cov kua dej ua kua tshuaj, ib qho khoom hauv nrog cev, lossis lub cev ua kom lub cev muaj xws li lub plab, cov tshuaj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv cov chaw ntawd (thaj av tshuaj kho mob).

Txoj hauv kev siv tshuaj kho yog muab raws li hom thiab theem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj. Kev siv tshuaj thev naus laus zis yog siv los kho cov qog ntshav hlav ntxiv.

Cov hom kev kho mob tshiab tau raug sim hauv qhov kev sim kho mob.

Tshooj lus kawg piav txog kev kho mob uas tau kawm hauv kev sim tshuaj. Nws yuav tsis hais txog txhua txoj kev kho tshiab tau kawm. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob muaj nyob rau ntawm NCI lub vev xaib.

Kev siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv nrog cov qog hloov qog

Kev txhaj tshuaj siab ntau yog muab rau tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Cov kab mob noj qab haus huv, suav nrog cov qe tsim cov ntshav, kuj raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev hloov ntawm qia yog kev kho mob los hloov cov qe tsim cov qe ntshav. Cov qia hlwb (cov qe ntshav tsis txaus) raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntshav lossis pob txha mob ntawm tus neeg mob lossis tus neeg pub ntshav thiab raug khov thiab khaws cia. Tom qab tus neeg mob ua tiav kev kho mob tshuaj, cov qia hlwb raug thaws thiab muab rov qab rau tus neeg mob los ntawm kev hla tshuaj. Cov qog ntshav qog ua kom loj hlob mus rau (thiab txum tim) lub cev cov ntshav.

Kev siv hluav taws xob

Kev xoo hluav taws xob yog kev kho mob cancer uas siv hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob loj lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob tua ntau los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer lossis ua kom lawv loj tuaj. Muaj ob txoj kev kho hluav taws xob:

• Kev siv hluav taws xob sab nraud siv lub tshuab sab nraud lub cev xa hluav taws xob mus rau cov kabmob.

• Kev kho hluav taws xob sab hauv yog siv cov tshuaj pleev hluav taws xob kaw hauv cov koob, noob, xov hlau, lossis cov paws menyuam uas tso ncaj qha mus rau lossis ze ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Txoj kev kho hluav taws xob yog muab nyob ntawm hom mob cancer thiab seb nws puas rov qab los. Kev kho hluav taws xob sab nraud yog raug tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob ua menyuam yaus cov tub ntxhais hluas cov qog ntshav ntawm tes uas tau rov qab los.

Cov hom phiaj kho

Hom phiaj kho yog ib hom kev kho mob uas siv tshuaj lossis lwm yam tshuaj los tua cov qog ntshav tshwj xeeb. Lub hom phiaj kho yog tau kawm rau kev kho mob ntawm cov qog ntshav hlav hauv lub raum uas tau rov qab los.

Cov neeg mob yuav xav txog kev sim kho mob.

Txog qee tus neeg mob, koom nrog kev sim kho mob yuav yog txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov chaw kuaj mob yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tshawb mob qog noj ntshav. Cov chaw kho mob tau sim ua kom pom tias kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tshiab muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo dua lossis zoo dua cov qauv tshuaj.

Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav niaj hnub no yog los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kab mob thaum ntxov. Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv kev kho mob lossis ua thawj zaug tau txais kev kho mob tshiab.

Cov neeg mob uas koom nrog kev sim kho mob kuj pab txhim kho txoj kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias kev sim tshuaj sim tsis ua rau muaj kev kho mob tshiab, lawv feem ntau teb cov lus nug tseem ceeb thiab pab txav kev tshawb fawb tom ntej.

Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem nkag mus kuaj mob ua ntej, sijhawm, lossis tom qab pib kho mob qog noj ntshav.

Qee qhov kev sim tshuaj tsuas yog suav nrog cov neeg mob uas tseem tsis tau txais kev kho mob. Lwm txoj kev sim sim cov kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas mob qog noj qab tsis tau zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev sim tshuaj kuaj mob uas sim txoj kev tshiab los txwv qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv (rov qab los) lossis txo kev phiv los ntawm kev kho mob qog noj.

Cov chaw kuaj mob tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim kho mob uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm NCI tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm NCI cov chaw kuaj mob tshawb nrhiav lub vev xaib. Cov chaw kuaj mob txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm cov koomhaum tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm ClinicalTrials.gov lub vev xaib.

Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas.

Qee qhov kev ntsuas mob uas tau ntsuas los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav lossis kom pom tias theem mob cancer yuav rov qab ua dua. Qee qhov kev ntsuas yuav rov ua qhov qub txhawm rau kom pom tias qhov kev kho mob ua haujlwm li cas. Cov kev txiav txim siab hais txog seb puas yuav txuas ntxiv, hloov, lossis tsum tsis mus kho yuav ua raws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev ntsuas no.

Qee qhov kev sim yuav txuas ntxiv ua ib zaug dhau ib zaug tom qab kho tas. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sim no tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias koj tus menyuam tus mob tau hloov lossis yog tus kabmob tau mob ntxiv (rov qab los). Qee qhov kev ntsuas no qee zaum hu ua kev kuaj mob rov qab lossis mus kuaj mob.

Txog rau cov menyuam yaus ua cov xoob xoob rau cov qog ua haujlwm, kev kuaj mob yuav tsum muaj kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev, kuaj lub qog, thiab kuaj cov duab xws li CT scan, MRI lossis xoo hluav taws xob.

Cov Kev Xaiv Kho rau Menyuam Yaus Cov Kab Mob Loj Tshwj Xeeb Txuas Ntxiv Twj Cell

Hauv Tshooj Lus no

• Mrat thiab Immature Teratomas

• Malignant Gonadal Germ Cell Cov Qog

• Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Cov Qog

• Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Cov Qog

• Malignant Extragonadal Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Txiaj Ntsig Ntxiv Cell Cell

• Cov Kev Rov Ntsuas Me Nyuam Me Malignant Cov Neeg Tawm Tshwj Xeeb Cell Cell

Yog xav paub txog cov kev kho mob uas teev rau hauv qab no, saib hauv Cov Lus Qhia Kev Xaiv Kev Xaiv.

Mrat thiab Immature Teratomas

Kev kho cov teratomas uas muaj hnub nyoog suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam.

Kev kho cov teratomas thaum tseem yau muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais tawm kom tshem tawm cov qog ntawd los ntawm kev soj ntsuam rau theem kuv hlav.

• Kev phais tshem tawm cov qog rau theem II – IV hlav hlav. Hauv cov menyuam yaus me, kev phais mob tom qab tau soj ntsuam; kev siv cov tshuaj kho tom qab phais mob yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus, kev siv tshuaj kho mob tom qab phais tas.

Qee zaum cov teratoma uas tsis paub qab hau lossis tsis paub qab hau tseem muaj cov hlwb ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov teratoma nrog lub hlwb malignant tej zaum yuav tsum tau kho txawv.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Malignant Gonadal Germ Cell Cov Qog

Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Cov Qog

Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav hlav qog hlav yuav hlav xws li cov hauv qab no:

Rau cov tub hluas hnub nyoog qis dua 11 xyoos:

• Kev phais (radical inguinal orchiectomy) ua raws li kev soj ntsuam rau theem I hlav.

• Kev phais (radical inguinal orchiectomy) ua raws li kev kho mob rau cov hlav II-IV hlav.

• Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev ntsuam xyuas tshiab ntawm kev phais mob tom qab ntawd soj qab rau theem I hlav lossis qog tshuaj kho rau theem II-IV hlav.

• Kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab rau cov theem II-IV hlav.

Rau cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 11 xyoos thiab tshaj saud:

Malignant noob qes qog nqaij hlav hlav hauv cov tub 11 xyoo thiab laus dua raug kho txawv dua li lawv nyob hauv cov tub hluas. (Saib cov ntsiab lus hais txog Kev Kho Mob Testicular Cancer yog xav paub ntau ntxiv.)

• Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog. Qee zaum cov qog ntshav hauv lub plab kuj raug tshem tawm.

• Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev ntsuam xyuas tshiab ntawm kev phais mob tom qab ntawd soj qab rau theem I hlav lossis qog tshuaj kho rau theem II-IV hlav.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Cov Qog

Dysgerminomas

Kev kho mob ntawm theem kuv dysgerminomas ntawm zes qe menyuam yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) ua raws kev soj ntsuam. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob yuav muab rau yog tias qib cim qog tsis txo qis tom qab kev phais lossis lub qog rov qab tuaj.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau kab mob kev phais mob tshiab ua raws kev soj ntsuam.

Kev kho mob ntawm theem II – IV dysgerminomas ntawm lub zes qe menyuam yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) raws li kev siv tshuaj khomob.

• Kev siv tshuaj kho mob kom qog lub qog, ua raws li kev phais mob (ua ib leeg kheej-salpingo-oophorectomy).

• Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev kho mob tshiab ntawm kev phais mob tom qab los ntawm kev siv tshuaj.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab.

Nongerminomas

Kev kho mob ntawm nongerminomas ntawm lub zes qe menyuam, xws li yolk hnab hlav, cov qog ntshav sib xyaw, choriocarcinoma, thiab cov hlav carryomas, hauv cov menyuam ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob raws kev saib xyuas rau theem kuv qog.

• Kev phais mob raws kev siv tshuaj kho rau qib I-IV hlav hlav.

• Kev soj ntsuam kab mob kev kho mob tshiab ntawm kev phais mob raws li los ntawm kev soj ntsuam rau theem kuv ua qog.

• Kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev phais mob tom qab los ntawm kev siv tshuaj kho mob rau cov qog II-IV hlav.

Kev kho mob ntawm nongerminomas ntawm lub zes qe menyuam hauv cov hluas thiab cov pojniam hluas tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob thiab kev kho tshuaj rau qib I-IV hlav hlav.

• Kev sim tshuaj mob ntawm kev muab tshuaj tshiab ntawm kev phais mob los ntawm kev saib xyuas lossis kev kho tshuaj.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab.

Kev kho nongerminomas ntawm zes qe menyuam uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais mob yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov nqaij mos nyob ze yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Biopsy tom qab los ntawm kev siv tshuaj kho mob thiab phais mob.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Mob Qog Pob Ntseg Malignant Extragonadal Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Kev kho mob menyuam yaus qog nqaij hlav ntxig txiv neej ntxiv rau cov leeg ua qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob thiab kev kho tshuaj rau qib I-IV hlav hlav.

• Tom qab muab tshuaj kho thiab tej zaum yuav phais rau qib III thiab IV hlav.

Ntxiv nrog rau theem ntawm tus kab mob, kev kho mob ntawm malignant extragonadal extracranial germ cell hlav kuj nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas cov qog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev:

• Rau cov qog ua nyob rau hauv sacrum lossis coccyx, kev siv tshuaj kho los ua kom cov qog ua raws li kev phais mob kom tshem tawm qhov sacrum thiab / lossis coccyx.

• Rau cov qog hauv mediastinum, kev siv tshuaj kho mob ua ntej lossis tom qab kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog hauv mediastinum.

• Rau cov qog mob hauv plab, ntxiv me me los ntawm kev siv tshuaj kho mob los ua kom cov qog thiab cov phais los ua kom tshem cov qog hauv plab.

• Rau cov qog hauv lub taub hau thiab caj dab, kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog hauv lub taub hau lossis caj dab uas txuas nrog tshuaj kho.

Kev kho kab mob qog ntshav tu menyuam thaum tseem yau ua rau cov hluas thiab cov laus muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob.

• Kws khomob.

• Kev siv tshuaj tua kab tom qab los ntawm kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog.

• Kev sim tshuaj mob ntawm kev muab tshuaj tshiab ntawm kev phais mob los ntawm kev saib xyuas lossis kev kho tshuaj.

• Kev sim tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Cov Kev Rov Ntsuas Me Nyuam Me Malignant Cov Neeg Tawm Tshwj Xeeb Cell Cell

Kev kho cov qog ntshav noob qes thaum noob neej sawv cev ntxiv xws li hauv qab no:

• Kev phais mob.

• Kws khomob muab uantej lossis tomqab phais mob, rau cov feem coob ntawm cov qog cov noob hlav ntshav nrog rau cov qog ua qog nqaij hlav, qog ua noob rau cov qog ua hlav, thiab cov hlav ua hlav ua hlav qog hlwb.

• Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov mob qog nqaij hlav hlav hauv hlwb thiab ua cov nongerminomas ntawm lub zes qe menyuam uas yog theem kuv thaum kuaj mob.

• Kev siv tshuaj kho cov ntshav siab siab thiab lub cev hloov pauv hloov qia.

• Kev siv hluav taws xob ntxiv tom qab kev phais mob txhawm rau tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas tau kis mus rau lub hlwb.

• Kev kuaj mob hauv tsev kho mob uas kuaj pom ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus neeg mob qog mob rau qee yam hloov pauv gene. Hom kev hloov kho hom phiaj uas yuav muab rau tus neeg mob nyob ntawm hom kev hloov pauv ntawm gene.

• Ib qho kev sim kho mob ntawm kev kho cov kws kho mob ib leeg piv nrog rau kev siv tshuaj ntau dua los ntawm kev hloov qia tuaj.

Siv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob hauv tsev kho mob kom pom qhov NCI-txhawb nqa kev mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom zoo rau cov neeg mob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sim raws li hom mob cancer, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab qhov chaw uas sim kev sim. Cov ncauj lus dav dav txog kev sim kho mob kuj muaj.

Yog Xav Paub Ntxiv Hais Txog Kev Mob Nkeeg Menyuam Yaus

Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv los ntawm National Cancer Institute txog kev ua menyuam noob qog ntshav noob qes, saib cov hauv qab no.

• Cov Kawm Loj Tshaj Plaws Cell Cell (Thaum Menyuam Yaus) Tsev Nplooj

• Sib Tham Tomography (CT) Kev Kuaj thiab Cancer

Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev mob qog noj ntshav thaum tseem yau thiab lwm yam kev qhia txog mob qog noj ntshav, saib cov hauv qab no:

• Txog Mob Cancer

• Kev Menyuam Kab Menyuam Kiag

• CureSearch rau Cov Menyuam Txoj Kev Mob Cancer

• Qhov Zoo Los Ntawm Txoj Kev Kho Mob Kheev Me Menyuam Thaum Ntxov

• Cov Hluas thiab Cov Hluas Hluas Muaj Mob Cancer

• Cov Menyuam Muaj Mob Cancer: Cov Lus Qhia rau Niam Txiv

• Mob Cancer rau Cov Menyuam thiab Cov Hluas

• Qib

• Kev Muaj Mob Cancer

• Cov Lus Nug Yuav Nug Koj Tus Kws Kho Mob txog Kab Mob Cancer

• Rau Cov Muaj Txoj Sia Nyob thiab Cov Saib Xyuas