Types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq

Nā hopena hope loa o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi (®) - Mana Mana Manaʻo

Nāʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hopena hopena

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa nā pilikia olakino e hana ʻia i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio e hoʻopili i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo.

• ʻEkolu mau mea nui e hoʻopili i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena.

• Hoʻonui ka manawa o ka hopena hopena ma hope o ka manawa.

• He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā manawa maʻamau no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

• He mea nui nō hoʻi nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa nā pilikia olakino e hana ʻia i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pilikia o ke olakino no nā mea i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau kūleʻa. Hiki i nā mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke hōʻeha i nā kino o ke kino, nā aʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​iwi a hana i nā pilikia olakino ma hope o ke ola. Kapa ʻia kēia mau pilikia olakino nā hopena hopena.

ʻO nā hana i hopena i nā hopena hopena e komo pū me kēia:

• ʻOki kino.

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

Ke aʻo nei nā kauka i nā hopena hopena i hopena ʻia e ka lāʻau maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hana nei lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a kū a hoʻemi paha i nā hopena hopena. ʻOiai ʻo ka hopena o ka hopena ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, pilikia paha lākou i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke olakino a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio e hoʻopili i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo.

Hiki i nā hopena hope loa i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO nā lālā, nāʻaʻaʻa, a me ka hana o ke kino.

• Ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala.

• Manaʻo, nā manaʻo, a me nā hana.

• Ka noʻonoʻo, ke aʻo ʻana, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana.

• Hoʻololi ka nohona a me ka noʻonoʻo.

• Ka makaʻu o nā maʻi ʻelua.

ʻEkolu mau mea nui e hoʻopili i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena.

ʻO nā mea ola i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi e hopena hopena. ʻO ka hopena o nā hopena hopena ma muli o nā kumu e pili ana i ka tumo, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka mea hoʻomanawanui. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea penei:

• Nā kumu pili i ka Tumor

• ʻAno maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Ma hea ke tumo i loko o ke kino.

• Pehea ka hopena o ka tumo i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā pūnaewele.

• Nā kumu pili i ka mālama ʻana

• ʻAno o ke ʻoki kino.

• Chemotherapy ʻano, mahele lāʻau, a me ka papa kuhikuhi.

• Ke ʻano o ka radiation radiation, ʻāpana o ke kino e mālama ʻia, a me ka mahele lāʻau.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

• Hoʻohana o ʻelua a ʻoi paha ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa like.

• Hoʻohui huahana.

• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi kuʻikuʻi.

• Nā mea pili i ka maʻi

• Ka moekolohe o ke keiki.

• Nā pilikia olakino i loaʻa i ke keiki ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO ka makahiki a me ke kūlana ulu o ke keiki ke ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia.

• Lōʻihi o ka manawa mai ka hōʻoia a me ka lāʻau.

• Nā loli i nā pae hormonone.

• ʻO ka hiki o nāʻiʻo olakino e hoʻopili ʻia e ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoponopono iā ia iho.

• ʻO kekahi mau loli i nā genes o ke keiki.

• ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe.

• Nā ʻano olakino.

Hoʻonui ka manawa o ka hopena hopena ma hope o ka manawa.

Ua hōʻemi nā hana hou no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi i ka nui o nā make mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua. Ma muli o ka noho lōʻihi ʻana o nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio, ke hopena nei lākou i ka hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa. ʻAʻole paha e ola nā mea ola i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka make i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ʻo:

• Hoʻi mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai kumu.

• ʻO ka lua (ʻokoʻa) ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai mua.

• Poino ka puʻuwai a me ka māmā.

ʻO nā noiʻi ʻana i nā kumu o nā hopena hopena i alakaʻi i nā loli i ka mālama ʻana. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka maikaʻi o ke ola no nā mea ola i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka make mai nā hopena hope.

He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā manawa maʻamau no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻO ka ukali maʻamau e nā ʻoihana olakino i hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻike a mālama i nā hopena hopena he mea nui ia no ke olakino lōʻihi o nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio. ʻOkoʻa ka mālama mālama ʻana no kēlā me kēia kanaka i mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pili ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, nā kumu genetical, a me nā ʻano olakino olakino o ke kanaka. Mālama ka mālama ʻana me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hopena a me ke aʻo olakino pehea e pale ai a hōʻemi ai paha i nā hopena hopena.

He mea nui ka hōʻike ʻana o ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa ʻōpio ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Pono e hana i nā hōʻike e kahi ʻoihana olakino i ʻike i ka hopena o ka mea i pakele no nā hopena hopena a hiki ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona mua o nā hopena hope. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā kiʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola no ka poʻe ola maʻi maʻi. Kōkua pū ia i nā kauka e hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena hope loa o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i mea e hoʻomohala ʻia ai nā hoʻoponopono ʻoi aku ka palekana no nā keiki hou.

He mea nui nō hoʻi nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke ola o nā ola no nā maʻi ʻaʻai e nā hana e hāpai i ke olakino a me ke olakino. Hoʻopili kēia i ka papaʻai olakino, hoʻoikaika kino, a me nā loiloi lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā niho maʻamau. He mea nui kēia mau hana mālama pilikino no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma muli o ko lākou pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka lāʻau. Hiki i nā hana olakino ke hana i nā hopena hope loa a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻi o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

He mea nui ka pale ʻana i nā hana e hōʻino ai i ke olakino. ʻO ka puhipaka, hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka waiʻona, hoʻohana lāʻau lāʻau kū ʻole, i hōʻike ʻia i ka lā o ka lā, a i ʻole hana kino ʻole paha e hoʻomāhuahua ai i ka pōʻino o ke kino e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana a hoʻonui paha i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi ʻelua.

Nā maʻi maʻi ʻelua

NA MANA KUNI

• Ua hoʻonui ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpio i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua ma hope i ke ola.

• Hiki i kekahi mau lula a me nā syndrome paha ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua.

• ʻO nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai e pono i nā hoʻokolohua kānana maʻamau e nānā ai no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua.

• ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua kaukaʻi ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ka mea maʻi i hala.

Ua hoʻonui ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpio i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua ma hope i ke ola.

ʻO kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe i kū ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa. Hiki i kahi kanesa ʻelua ke hala i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau. ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua e pili ana i ka ʻāpana o ke ʻano kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i nā tumors benign (ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai).

ʻO nā maʻi ʻelua i kū ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kēia:

• Tumors paʻa.

• Myelodysplastic syndrome a me ka leukemia myeloid koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā tumors paʻa i ʻike ʻia ma mua o 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• Maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Aia ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai ma hope o kiʻekiʻe-mahele lāʻau umauma pāhawewe lapaʻau no Hodgkin lymphoma. ʻO nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia me ka pāhawewe ma luna aʻe o ka diaphragm ʻaʻole i hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā lymph node ma ka ʻūlima i kahi maʻi liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pālahalaha i ka umauma a i ʻole māmā me ka pāhawewe o ka umauma e hoʻonui pū paha i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Aia kekahi piʻi nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia me nā ʻākena alkylating a me nā antracyclines akā ʻaʻole me ka pāhawewe o ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma ka sarcoma a me nā mea ola leukemia.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid. Hiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid ke hana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāʻī no Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia lymphocytic huehue, a i ʻole nā ​​tumors o ka lolo; ma hope o ka radioactive iodine therapy no neuroblastoma; aiʻole ma hope o ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

• ʻOrspala lolo. Hiki i nā tumors lolo ke hana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa radiation i ke poʻo a me / a i ʻole chemotherapy intrathecal e hoʻohana ana i ka methotrexate no kahi tumo lolo mua a i ʻole no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hohola i ka lolo a i ʻole nā ​​iwi kuamoo, e like me ka leukemia lymphocytic koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka limfoma Hodgkin. Ke hāʻawi pū ʻia ka chemotherapy intrathecal me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methotrexate a me ka radiation radiation, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makaʻu o ka tumo lolo.

• ʻO nā iwi a iwi a palupalu. Aia ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka iwi a me nā puʻupuʻu palupalu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation no retinoblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe o ka iwi.

ʻO Chemotherapy me nā anthracyclines a i ʻole nā ​​mea alkylating e hoʻonui pū i ka makaʻu o ka iwi a me nā puʻupuʻu palupalu.

• Kanesa maʻi ʻōpū. Loaʻa ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka umauma no Hodgkin lymphoma, keu hoʻi i nā mea maʻi puhipaka.

• ʻŌpū, akepaʻa, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ka ate, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala e hiki ke hana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ke pelvis. Hoʻonui ka makaʻu me nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ka pāhawewe. Aia kekahi piʻi nui o nā polyps colorectal.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana me chemotherapy wale a chemotherapy a me radiation radiation i hui pū ʻia e hoʻonui pū i ka makaʻu o ka ʻōpū, ka ate, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala.

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai nonmelanoma (ka maʻi ʻaʻa basal a i ʻole ka carcinoma squamous cell). Aia ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka nonmelanoma maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o radiation radiation; ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka pāhawewe. Ke hōʻike ʻia nei i ka pāhawewe UV hiki ke hoʻonui i kēia makaʻu. ʻO nā mea maʻi e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi ʻili nonmelanoma ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation e hoʻonui i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻonui pū ʻia ka makaʻu o ka carcinoma basal cell ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau chemotherapy, i kapa ʻia ʻo vinca alkaloids, e like me vincristine a me vinblastine.

• Melanoma malignant. Hiki ke hana i ka melanoma malignant ma hope o ka radiation a i ʻole ka chemotherapy hui pū me nā ʻākena alkylating a me nā lāʻau antimitotic (e like me vincristine a me vinblastine). ʻO nā mea pakele o Hodgkin lymphoma, hereditary retinoblastoma, sarcoma aʻa palupalu, a me nā ʻōpū gonadal e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka melanoma malignant. ʻO ka melanoma malignant ma ke ʻano he maʻi ʻelua ka mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai nonmelanoma.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai puka lua. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai waha ma hope o ka transplant cell stem a me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi graft-versus-host maʻi mau.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū. Nui aʻe ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai kidney ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no neuroblastoma, mālama radiation i ka waena o ke kua, a i ʻole chemotherapy e like me cisplatin a i ʻole carboplatin.

• Kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai bladder ma hope o ka chemotherapy me cyclophosphamide.

ʻO Myelodysplastic Syndrome a me ka leukemia myeloid koʻikoʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike mua ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa o Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia lymphoblastic nui, a i ʻole sarcoma a me ka mālama ʻana me chemotherapy i komo pū me kēia:

• ʻO ka mea hana Alkylating e like me cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, chlorambucil, a i ʻole dacarbazine.

• ʻO ka mea kāohi II e like me etoposide a i ʻole teniposide.

Hiki i kekahi mau lula a me nā syndrome paha ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua.

Hiki i kekahi mau mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua no ka mea he moʻolelo ʻohana kā lākou o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi hoʻoilina i hoʻoili ʻia e like me Li-Fraumeni syndrome. ʻO nā pilikia me ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o DNA i nā hunaola a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau anticancer e ke kino e hoʻopili paha i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi ʻelua.

ʻO nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai e pono i nā hoʻokolohua kānana maʻamau e nānā ai no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua.

He mea nui ia no nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai e nānā ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōuli. Kāhea ʻia kēia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua a kōkua paha i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua i ka wā mua. Ke loaʻa wawe i nāʻaʻaʻa a kanesa paha, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana. I ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻōuli, ua hoʻomaka paha ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka manaʻo ʻole o ke kauka o kāu keiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o kāu keiki inā ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kahi hōʻike loiloi. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hōʻike loiloi ke loaʻa ʻole kāu keiki i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā kūleʻa ʻole kahi hopena hōʻike kānana, pono paha i kāu keiki e hana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e ʻike inā he maʻi lua kāna. Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he hōʻike diagnostic.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua kaukaʻi ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ka mea maʻi i hala.

ʻO nā mea maʻi āpau i mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai pono e loaʻa i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a me ka mōʻaukala olakino i hana ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kino o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu, nā loli i ka ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. Lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo olakino e aʻo e pili ana i nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi a me nā hana i hala.

Inā loaʻa i ka mea maʻi ka radiation radiation, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai no ka ʻili, ka umauma, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala.

• ʻImi ʻili: Nānā kahi kauka a kahu hānai paha i ka ʻili no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​kiko e nānā pono ʻole i ke kala, ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ma kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka radiation. Kuhi ʻia e hana i ka hoʻokolohua ʻili i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho: kahi hōʻike o ka umauma e ka mea maʻi. ʻIke maikaʻi ka mea hoʻomanawanui i nā umauma a ma lalo o nā lima no nā lumps a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. Manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia nā wahine me kahi lāʻau ʻoi loa o ka radiation radiation i ka umauma e hana i ka hōʻike ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā me kēia mahina e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā ʻōpio a hiki i ka makahiki 25. ʻO nā wahine i mālama ʻia me kahi lā haʻahaʻa o ka radiation i ka umauma ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaka e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ʻōpio. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ʻoe i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho.

• ʻO ka hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi (CBE): kahi hōʻike o ka umauma e ke kauka a i ʻole ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe. E ʻike pono ke kauka i ka umauma a ma lalo o nā lima no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. Manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia nā wahine me ka lāʻau ʻoi loa o ka radiation radiation i ka umauma e loaʻa ai ka hōʻoia umauma maʻi maʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā ʻōpio a hiki i ka makahiki 25. Ma hope o ka makahiki 25 a i ʻole 8 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation (ʻo ka mea mua), hana ʻia nā hōʻike umauma maʻi i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina. ʻO nā wahine i mālama ʻia me kahi lā haʻahaʻa o ka radiation i ka umauma ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaka e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ʻōpio. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi.

• Mammogram: kahi x-ray o ka umauma. Hiki paha ke hana ʻia kahi mammogram i nā wahine i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka radiation i ka umauma a ʻaʻohe o lākou mau umauma ʻeleʻele. Manaʻo ʻia he mammogram kēia mau wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ana i 8 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana a i ʻole ma ka makahiki 25, ʻoiai ma hope. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ʻoe e loaʻa i nā mammograms e nānā ai no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• MRI umauma (kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki): kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i kahi o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka umauma. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI). Hana ʻia kahi MRI i nā wahine i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka radiation i ka umauma a me nā umauma mānoanoa. Manaʻo ʻia he MRI kēia mau wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ana i 8 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana a i ʻole ma ka makahiki 25, ʻoiai ma hope. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka radiation i ka umauma, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana inā pono ʻoe i kahi MRI o ka umauma e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• ʻO Colonoscopy: kahi hana e nānā ai i loko o ka rectum a me kolona no nā polyps, nā wahi kūpono ʻole, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi colonoscope ma o ka kiko ma loko o ke kolona. ʻO kahi colonoscope kahi mea lahilahi, e like me ka Tube me kahi kukui a me nā aniani no ka nānā ʻana. Loaʻa paha iā ia kahi mea hana e hemo i nā polyp a i ʻole nā ​​kiko kiko, i nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā mea pakele o ka maʻi ʻōpio i loaʻa ka nui o ka pāhawewe i ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoo e loaʻa i ka kolonexopy i kēlā me kēia 5 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka kēia i ka makahiki 35 a i ʻole 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau, ma hope paha. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka radiation i ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i ʻole ka iwikuamoʻo, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ʻoe e loaʻa i nā kolonexopies e nānā ai no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala.

ʻŌnaehana Cardiovascular

NA MANA KUNI

• Loaʻa ka hopena o ka hopena o ka naʻau a me ke koko ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka uila i ka umauma a me kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻi o ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko i nā hopena hope loa.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko hopena hopena e komo pū me ka pilikia hanu a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko.

• ʻO nā ʻano olakino e paipai ai i ka puʻuwai olakino a me nā kīʻaha koko he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

Loaʻa ka hopena o ka hopena o ka naʻau a me ke koko ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio. ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia mau maʻi ʻino a me nā wā ʻē aʻe i nā hopena hope loa o ka naʻau a me ke koko.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Huʻi myelogenous leukemia (AML).

• ʻO nā kūpeʻe o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai Head a me ka ʻāʻī.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO ka uila i ka umauma a me kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻi o ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko i nā hopena hope loa.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā mea penei:

• ʻO ka uila i ka umauma, iwi kuamoʻo, lolo, ʻāʻī, nā puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole ke irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem. Aia ka pilikia o nā pilikia i ka wahi o ke kino i hōʻike ʻia i ka pāhawewe, ka nui o nā radiation i hāʻawi ʻia, a inā i hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation i nā kaha liʻiliʻi a nui paha.

• Ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi ʻano chemotherapy a me ka huina o nā anthracycline. ʻO Chemotherapy me nā anthracyclines e like me doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, a me epirubicin, a me nā anthraquinones e like me mitoxantrone e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai a me nā pilikia o ke kīʻaha koko. Pili ka pilikia o nā pilikia i ka nui o nā lāʻau o chemotherapy i hāʻawi ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia. Aia nō ia i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me antracyclines i kahi keiki ma mua o 13 mau makahiki a inā ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo dexrazoxane i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me nā anthracyclines. Hiki i ka Dexrazoxane ke hoʻēmi i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko a hōʻea i 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO Ifosfamide, methotrexate, a me chemotherapy me ka platinum, e like me ka carboplatin a me ka cisplatin, hiki i ke kumu o ka hopena o ka naʻau a me ke koko.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

• Nephrectomy (ʻoki e wehe a pau a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o kahi puʻupaʻa).

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me ka radiation i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha koko a me kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy e makaʻu nui loa ʻia.

ʻO nā kuʻina hou e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka radiation i hāʻawi ʻia a hoʻohana i nā kaha haʻahaʻa o ka chemotherapy a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi chemotherapy hōʻemi paha e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka puʻuwai a me ke kahe o ke koko i ka hopena o ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hana kahiko.

Hiki i ka mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka naʻau a me ke koko.

• ʻO ka manawa lōʻihi loa mai ka mālama ʻana.

• Loaʻa i ke koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻino ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi puʻuwai, e like me ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana o ka maʻi puʻuwai, ke kaumaha nui, puhipaka, kiʻekiʻe kolesterol, a diabetes paha. Ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea pilikia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o ka hopena.

• Loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nui o ka nui o ka thyroid, ka ulu ʻana, a i ʻole ka sex hormones.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

ʻO ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa ʻōpio i loaʻa i ka radiation a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy i ka nui o nā hopena o ka hopena o ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko a me nā pilikia olakino e pili ana. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea penei:

• Kuʻi naʻau maʻamau.

• Nawaliwali kaʻiʻo puʻuwai.

• Puʻuwai hoʻowahāwahā a ʻeke paha a puni ka puʻuwai.

• Poino i nā kiwikā o ka naʻau.

• ʻO ka maʻi o ke aʻa (coronary artery artery).

• Hoka puʻuwai Congestive.

• ʻEha o ka umauma a hōʻeha puʻuwai paha.

• Hoʻopili ke koko a i ʻole hoʻokahi a ʻoi hahau paha.

• Maʻi maʻi aʻa Carotid.

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko hopena hopena e komo pū me ka pilikia hanu a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻōuli e hopena ʻia e ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Hoʻopilikia i ka hanu ʻana, keu hoʻi i ka wā e moe ana i lalo.

• Lōʻihi ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, wikiwiki loa, a i ʻole ʻokoʻa mai ka mele maʻamau o ka puʻuwai.

• ʻO ka ʻeha o ka umauma a ʻeha paha ma ka lima a me ka wāwae.

• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, nā wāwae a i ʻole ka ʻōpū.

• Ke hōʻike ʻia i ke anuanu a i ʻole me ka ikaika o ka naʻau, keʻokeʻo nā manamana lima, manamana wāwae, pepeiao, a ihu paha a huli polū. Ke hiki kēia

• i nā manamana lima, loaʻa paha ka ʻeha a me ke kani.

• Nūhou a nawaliwali paha o ka maka, ka lima, a me ka wāwae (ʻoi loa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino).

• Huikau a pilikia paha i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo.

• Hoʻopilikia koke i ka ʻike ʻana me hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau maka.

• Hoʻopilikia koke i ka hele wāwae ʻana a luʻuluʻu paha.

• Ka nalowale ʻana o ke kaulike a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana.

• ʻO ka huhū poʻo nui ʻole me ke kumu ʻole.

• ʻEha, mehana, a ʻulaʻula paha ma kahi o ka lima a i ʻole ka wāwae, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kua o ka wāwae lalo.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole ka hopena o ka naʻau a me ke koko.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hoʻokolohua o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka puʻuwai no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai maʻamau, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Electrocardiogram (EKG): kahi hoʻopaʻa leo o ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai e nānā i ka uku a me ke mele. Kau ʻia kekahi mau pads liʻiliʻi (electrodes) ma ka umauma o ka mea maʻi, nā lima, a me nā wāwae, a hoʻopili ʻia e nā kaula i ka mīkini EKG. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana naʻau ma ke ʻano he pakuhi laina ma ka pepa. ʻO ka hana uila i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a lohi paha ma mua o ka maʻamau he hōʻailona paha ia o ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hōʻino.

• ʻO Echocardiogram: kahi hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai ka puʻuwai a me nā mea kokoke a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokena a hana i nā leo. Hana ʻia kahi kiʻi neʻe o ka puʻuwai a me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai e like me ka pīpī ʻia ʻana o ke koko ma o ka puʻuwai.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻona e like me ka puʻuwai a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Kahi hana e hana ai i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi e kahi kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini x-ray. Hoʻokomo ʻia paha ke kala i loko o ke aa a i ʻole ale ʻia e kōkua i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​kino i hōʻike hou aku me ka maopopo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he tomography i helu ʻia, kamepiula tomography, a i ʻole he tomography axial computerized. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana e nānā no nā hōʻeha koko.

• Nā ʻikepili pili Lipid: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o nā triglycerides, cholesterol, a me nā kolesterol lipoprotein haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ke koko.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki inā paha e loaʻa i kāu keiki nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka puʻuwai a me ke kīʻaha koko i nā hopena hope loa. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻO nā ʻano olakino e paipai ai i ka puʻuwai olakino a me nā kīʻaha koko he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

Hiki i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻi o ka naʻau a me ke kīʻaha koko i nā hopena hope loa ma o ke ola olakino ʻana, e pili pū ana me:

• He kaupaona olakino.

• ʻAiʻai ola kino puʻuwai.

• Hoʻoikaika mau.

• ʻAʻole puhipaka.

ʻ .naehana Nervous Waena

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka lolo i ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka hope o ka hopena.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo hopena hopena e like me headache, lilo o ka hoʻohuihui, a me ka hopu ʻana.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

• Hiki i nā mea pakele o ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi ke hopohopo a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i kā lākou maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi ma hope o ka traumatic stress maʻi.

• ʻO nā ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai e loaʻa paha i nā pilikia pili kaiaulu ma hope o ke ola.

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki i nā lolo ke hopena i ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi ʻōiwi.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• ʻO nā kūpeʻe o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī, me retinoblastoma.

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Osteosarcoma.

Hoʻonui ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka lolo i ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka hope o ka hopena.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e hoʻopili i ka lolo a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka uila i ka lolo a i ʻole ke kuamoʻo, ʻoi loa nā mahele kiʻekiʻe o ka radiation. Hoʻopili kēia i ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

• Intrathecal a i ʻole intraventricular chemotherapy.

• ʻO Chemotherapy me ka methotrexate kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole cytarabine i hiki ke hele i ka pale o ka lolo-lolo (ka pale pale a puni ka lolo).

Hoʻopili kēia i ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he transplant cell stem.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e hemo ai i kahi tumo ma ka lolo a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Ke hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation i ka lolo a me ka chemotherapy intrathecal i ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o nā hopena hopena.

Hiki i ka mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo i nā hopena o ka hopena o ke ola o ka lolo ʻōpio.

• Ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha i ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka wahine.

• Loaʻa i ka hydrocephalus a me kahi shunt e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai keu mai nā ventricle.

• Loaʻa ka lohe pepeiao.

• Loaʻa ka mutism cerebellar ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana e wehe i ka tumo lolo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Cerismell mutism me ka hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo, ka nalo ʻana o

• ke kūlike a me ke kaulike, nā loli o ke ʻano, nāukiuki, a me ka uē kiʻekiʻe ʻana.

• Loaʻa i kahi moʻolelo pilikino o ka hahau.

• Hinaʻi.

Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā hopena hopena ʻōnaehana e kahi o ka tumo i hana ai i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i loaʻa i ka pāhawewe, kekahi ʻano chemotherapy, a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana i ka lolo a i ʻole nā ​​iwi kuamoo i hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo a me nā pilikia olakino e pili ana. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea penei:

• Poʻo poʻo poʻo.

• Loaʻa ka hoʻohui a me ke kaulike.

• Puʻupuʻu.

• Hinaʻi.

• Ka nalowale ʻana o ka wahī myelin e uhi ana i nā olonā i ka lolo.

• ʻO nā maʻi neʻe e pili i nā wāwae a me nā maka a i ʻole ka hiki ke ʻōlelo a ale.

• Hoʻopōʻino ke aʻalolo i nā lima a me nā wāwae.

• Hahau. ʻO ka hahau ʻelua paha ka mea i koe o ka poʻe i pakele i ka lolo i ka lolo, he moʻolelo o ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

• a i ʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau makahiki i ka wā i loaʻa ai kā lākou hahau mua.

• Ka hiamoe o ke ao.

• ʻO Hydrocephalus.

• Ka pohō o ka ʻai a me / a i ʻole ka mana o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO Cavernomas (nā huhui o nā kīʻaha koko ʻole).

• ʻEha kua.

Hiki paha i nā mea ola ke hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka noʻonoʻo, ke aʻo ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, nā manaʻo, a me ka lawena.

ʻO nā ala hou o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi i hoʻomāka ʻia ʻia a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ka lolo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi maha.

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo hopena hopena e like me headache, lilo o ka hoʻohuihui, a me ka hopu ʻana.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli e ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo i nā hopena hope a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe:

• ʻEha poʻo e hele aku paha ma hope o ka luaʻi.

• Hinaʻi.

• Ka nalowale o ke kaulike, nele o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a i ʻole ka pilikia e hele wāwae.

• Pilikia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a me ka ale ʻana paha.

• Pilikia me ka hana pū ʻana o nā maka.

• Numbness, tingling, a nāwaliwali paha i nā lima a me nā wāwae.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke kūlou i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae e hāpai i ka wāwae i luna.

• Nūhou a nawaliwali paha o ka maka, ka lima, a me ka wāwae (ʻoi loa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino).

• ʻO ka hiamoe maʻamau a hoʻololi paha i ka pae o ka hana.

• Hoʻololi maʻamau i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano.

• Hoʻololi i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka pilikia i ka mimiki.

• Hoʻonui i ka nui o ke poʻo (i nā pēpē).

• Huikau a pilikia paha i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo.

• Hoʻopilikia koke i ka ʻike ʻana me hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau maka.

• ʻO ka huhū poʻo nui ʻole me ke kumu ʻole.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻōuli e like me kēia:

• Nā pilikia me ka hoʻomanaʻo.

• Nā pilikia me ka nānā ʻana.

• Pilikia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia.

• Ka pilikia me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā manaʻo a me nā hana.

• Ka lohi o ka hiki ke aʻo a hoʻohana i ka ʻike hou.

• Pilikia ke aʻo ʻana i ka heluhelu, kākau, a i ʻole ka makemakika.

• Ka pilikia e hoʻohui i ka neʻe ma waena o nā maka, nā lima, a me nā mākala ʻē aʻe.

• Hoʻolālā i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau.

• Ka haʻalele ʻana i ka nohona a i ʻole ka pilikia e hele pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole ai ka hopena o ka lolo a me ka iwi ʻōiwi.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Nānā Neurological: He mau nīnau a me nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka lolo, nā ʻaluna, a me nā hana o ke aʻalolo. Nānā ka hōʻike i ke kūlana noʻonoʻo o ke kanaka, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me ka hiki ke hele maʻamau, a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā mākala, nā manaʻo, a me nā reflexes. Kāhea ʻia paha kēia he neuro exam a i ʻole he neurologic exam. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kahi neurologist a i ʻole neurosurgeon ke hana i kahi hōʻike piha loa.

• Nānā Neuropsychological: He moʻo o nā hoʻokolohua e nānā i nā hana noʻonoʻo a me ka lawena o ka mea maʻi. ʻO nā wahi e nānā pinepine ʻia nā:

• Ke ʻike nei i hea ʻoe a ma hea ʻoe a pehea lā ia.

• Ka hiki ke aʻo a hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike hou.

• Akamai.

• Ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia.

• Hoʻohana o ka ʻōlelo i haʻi ʻia a me ka ʻōlelo kākau.

• Hoʻohui lima-maka.

• Ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻike a me nā hana.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka lolo a me nā iwi i ka hopena hopena. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Hiki i nā mea pakele o ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi ke hopohopo a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i kā lākou maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki i nā mea ola o ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi ke hopohopo a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i nā loli o ke kino, me ka ʻeha, ke ʻano o ko lākou nānā ʻana, a me ka makaʻu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻi nei. Hiki i kēia a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilina pilikino, ka naʻau, ka hana, a me ke olakino, a ke kumu o nā manaʻo o ka pepehi kanaka. ʻO nā mea pakele me kēia mau pilikia e noho liʻiliʻi paha lākou e noho iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he mākua.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ukali no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi e pono e hoʻopili i ka kānana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka pilikia psychological e hiki ai, e like me ka hopohopo, kaumaha, a me nā manaʻo o ka pepehi kanaka.

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi ma hope o ka traumatic stress maʻi.

ʻIke ʻia a mālama ʻia no kahi maʻi hoʻoweliweli e hōʻeha paha. ʻO kēia trauma ke kumu o ka pilikia ma hope o ka pilikia (PTSD). Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo PTSD me ke ʻano o kekahi mau ʻano hana ma hope o kahi hanana koʻikoʻi i pili i ka make a i ʻole ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make, ʻeha nui, a hoʻoweliweli paha iā ʻoe iho a i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe paha.

Hiki i ka PTSD ke hoʻopili i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kēia mau ʻano:

• Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka manawa a lākou i ʻike ai a mālama ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, i nā moemoeā a i ʻole nā ​​flashbacks, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana iā ia i nā manawa āpau.

• Ke pale nei i nā wahi, nā hanana, a me ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo iā lākou i ka ʻike maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ma ka laulaha, hōʻike ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpio i nā pae haʻahaʻa o PTSD, kaukaʻi ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana i ke kaila hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā mea maʻi a me ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO nā mea ola i loaʻa i ka radiation therapy i ke poʻo ke ʻōpio ma mua o 4 mau makahiki a i ʻole nā ​​mea i ola i loaʻa i ka lāʻau hoʻomāinoino nui paha i ka PTSD. ʻO nā pilikia ʻohana, ke kākoʻo liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha o ke kaiaulu mai ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​hoaaloha, a me ke koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole pili i ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa o ka loaʻa iā PTSD.

Ma muli o ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā wahi a me nā poʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai he ʻāpana ia o PTSD, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ola me PTSD ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai.

ʻO nā ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai e loaʻa paha i nā pilikia pili kaiaulu ma hope o ke ola.

Hiki i nā ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke hōʻemi i nā milestones kaiāulu a i ʻole hiki aku iā lākou ma hope o ke ola ma mua o nā ʻōpio i ʻike ʻole ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā milestones kaiaulu e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi keikikāne a me kahi ipo wahine mua, e male ana, a me kahi keiki. Pilikia paha lākou i ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a manaʻo paha ʻaʻole makemake ʻia lākou e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ko lākou mau makahiki.

Ua hōʻike ka poʻe i koe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kēia pūʻulu makahiki e hōʻemi iki i ko lākou olakino a me ko lākou ola ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki i loaʻa ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pono nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā papahana kūikawā e hāʻawi i ka noʻonoʻo, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ke kākoʻo hana.

ʻ Dignaehana Digestive

NA MANA KUNI

• Nā niho a me nā ā

• ʻO nā pilikia me nā niho a me nā ʻāʻī nā hopena hopena e kū pinepine aʻe ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka uila i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a me kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka hopena i nā niho a me nā ā.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i nā niho a me nā āwaha e hoʻokau i kekahi mau olakino.

• ʻO nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope o nā niho a me nā āpau me ka palaho o nā niho (nā lua) a me ka ʻeha ā.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka waha a me nā ā.

• He mea nui ka mālama niho maʻamau no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

• ʻAha hoʻoheheʻe Digestive

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka digestest tract ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka uila i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, prostate, a i ʻole nā ​​testicle a me kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka digestive tract.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka digestive tract ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka digestive tract hopena hopena e pili ana me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka diarrhea.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka wahi digestive.

• Nā ate o ka ate a me ka bile

• Loaʻa ka hopena o ke ake a me ka bile duct hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO kekahi ʻano chemotherapy a me ka radiation i ke ake a i ʻole nā ​​aʻa o ka bile e hoʻonui i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ke akepaʻa a me nā aʻa o ka bile ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ke akepaʻa a me nā aʻa o ka bile hopena hopena e pili ana me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka jaundice.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ke akepaʻa a me ka aʻa o ka bile.

• ʻO nā hana olakino e hāpai i ka ate olakino he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

• ʻO Pancreas

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka hopena o nā hopena hope pancreatic.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka pancreas e hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope pancreatic me ka urination pinepine a me ka make wai ʻana.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i nā pancreas.

Nā niho a me nā ā

ʻO nā pilikia me nā niho a me nā ʻāʻī nā hopena hopena e kū pinepine aʻe ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki i ka hopena hopena o nā pilikia me nā niho a me nā ā.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻO Neuroblastoma.

• Leukemia i hohola i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai Nasopharyngeal.

• ʻOrspala lolo.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO ka uila i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a me kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka hopena i nā niho a me nā ā.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i nā niho a me nā āpau ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī.

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

• ʻO Chemotherapy, ʻoi loa me nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻākela alkylating e like me cyclophosphamide.

• ʻOki kino ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī.

Hoʻonui pū ʻia ka makaʻu i nā poʻe pakele i ʻōpio ma mua o 5 mau makahiki i ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu pono ʻia ko lākou mau niho paʻa.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i nā niho a me nā āwaha e hoʻokau i kekahi mau olakino.

Nā hopena o ka niho a me ka iwi ā me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• ʻO nā niho ʻaʻole maʻamau.

• Popo niho (me nā lua) a me ka maʻi gum.

• ʻAʻole lawa ka liu o nā salivary.

• Ka make ʻana o nā iwi iwi i ka iwi ā.

• Nā loli i ke ʻano o ka helehelena, ka iwi ā, a me ka iwi poʻo.

ʻO nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope o nā niho a me nā āpau me ka palaho o nā niho (nā lua) a me ka ʻeha ā.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hopena ʻia e nā hopena o nā niho a me nā ā i ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe

• Liʻiliʻi nā niho a ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano maʻamau.

• Niho mau.

• Hele mai nā niho paʻa i kahi ma hope o ka makahiki maʻamau.

• Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka enamel ma ka niho ma mua o ka maʻamau.

• ʻOi aku ka palaho niho (nā lua) a me ka maʻi gum ma mua o ka maʻamau.

• Waha maloo.

• Pilikia ka nau ʻana, ka ale ʻana, a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana.

• ʻEha ʻeha.

• ʻAʻole wehe a pani ʻo Jaws i ke ala e pono ai.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka waha a me nā ā.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole paha i nā hopena o nā niho a me nā ʻāʻī.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo niho a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o nā niho, ka waha, a me nā aʻa e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino niho, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā lua a me nā mea āpau ke ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana. Kāhea ʻia paha kēia he hōʻoia niho.

• Panorex x-ray: Kālā x o nā niho a pau a me ko lākou aʻa. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• X-ray o nā iwi ā: ʻO kahi lā x o nā ā. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Kahi hana e hana ai i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, e like me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi e kahi kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini x-ray. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he tomography i helu ʻia, kamepiula tomography, a i ʻole he tomography axial computerized.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, e like me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI).

• ʻO Biopsy: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā iwi iwi mai ka iwi ā hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka make ʻana o ka iwi ma hope o ka radiation radiation.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o nā niho a me nā hopena o ka iwi ā. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

He mea nui ka mālama niho maʻamau no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

Hōʻike nā kauka i ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi e nānā i ka niho a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i ka fluoride i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina. ʻO nā keiki i loaʻa ka radiation radiation i ka waha o ka waha e ʻike paha i ka orthodontist a i ʻole ka otolaryngologist. Inā loaʻa nā liona i ka waha, pono ʻia kahi biopsy.

ʻAha hoʻoheheʻe Digestive

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka digestest tract ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe o ke kamaliʻi ke kumu o ka hopena o ka digestive tract (esophagus, ʻōpū, liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpū nui, pololei a me anus):

• Rhabdomyosarcoma o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a prostate paha, a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke o nā testicle.

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻO nā tumele kele.

• ʻO Neuroblastoma.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

ʻO ka uila i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, prostate, a i ʻole nā ​​testicle a me kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka digestive tract.

Hoʻonui ka hopena o nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka digestive tract ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kokoke i ka ʻōpū, e like me ka esophagus, bladder, prostate, a i ʻole nā ​​testicle, hiki ke hoʻomaka i nā pilikia o ka digestive e hoʻomaka koke a hope no kahi manawa pōkole. I kekahi mau mea maʻi, akā naʻe, hoʻopaneʻe a lōʻihi loa nā pilikia o ka digestive tract. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hopena hopena e ka radiation radiation e hōʻino ai i nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaha kiʻekiʻena o ka radiation therapy a i ʻole ke loaʻa ʻana i ka chemotherapy e like me dactinomycin a i ʻole anthracyclines pū me ka radiation radiation e hoʻonui ai i kēia pilikia.

• ʻO ke kīpoki ʻōpū a i ʻole ke ʻoki pelvic e hemo ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO Chemotherapy me nā ʻākena alkylating e like me cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, a me ifosfamide, a i ʻole me nā ʻākena platinum e like me cisplatin a i ʻole carboplatin, a i ʻole me nā anthracyclines e like me doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, a me epirubicin.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

Hiki i ka mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka digestive tract:

• ʻO nā makahiki ʻelemakule i ka hōʻoia ʻana a i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka lāʻau.

• Hoʻomaʻo me nā radiation radiation a me ka chemotherapy.

• ʻO kahi moʻaukala o ka maʻi graft-versus-host maʻi mau.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka digestive tract ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena o ka digestive tract a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka esophagus a i ʻole ka ʻōpū.

• ʻAʻole holo pono nā mākala o ka esophagus.

• Hoʻoponopono

• ʻO ka maʻi pākī, ka paʻa paʻa, ka hoʻomau ʻole o ka fecal, a i ʻole ʻo ka ʻōpū i ālai ʻia.

• ʻŌpū bowel (kahi puka o ka ʻōpū).

• ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele o nā ʻōpū.

• Ka make ʻana o kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻAʻole hiki i ka Intestine ke omo i nā meaʻai mai ka meaʻai.

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka digestive tract hopena hopena e pili ana me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka diarrhea.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hopena ʻia e ka digestive tract hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Pilikia ka ale ʻana a me ka manaʻo e like me ka meaʻai i paʻa i ka puʻu.

• Puʻuwai puʻuwai.

• Fiva me ka ʻehaʻeha loa i loko o ka ʻōpū a me ka nausea.

• ʻEha ma ka ʻōpū.

• Hoʻololi i nā ʻōpū o ke ʻōpū (constipation a i ʻole diarrhea).

• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi.

• ʻO nā ʻeha kinoea pinepine, bloating, fullness, a cramp paha.

• Hemorrhoids.

• Hoʻoponopono.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka wahi digestive.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole ai i nā hopena o ka digestive tract.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me ka palapū o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kikohoʻe: kahi hoʻāʻo o ka rectum. Hoʻokomo ke kauka a kahu hānai paha i kahi manamana lima i hoʻopulapula ʻia i ka polima e manaʻo ai no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē.

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• X-ray: ʻO kahi x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu i hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino. Lawe ʻia kahi x-ray o ka ʻōpū, hakuʻala, ureter, a i ʻole pākuʻi e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o nā hopena hopena o ka digestive tract. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Nā ate o ka ate a me ka bile

Loaʻa ka hopena o ke ake a me ka bile duct hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mau mea a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe i nā hopena hope loa o ke ake a i ʻole ka bile.

• Kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO kekahi ʻano chemotherapy a me ka radiation i ke ake a i ʻole nā ​​aʻa o ka bile e hoʻonui i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena.

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o ke ake a i ʻole ke dule o nā hopena hopena i nā mea ola maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻopau ke ʻoki ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ke akepaʻa a i ʻole ke kuʻina ate.

• ʻO Chemotherapy e komo pū me ka cyclophosphamide dosis kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he transplant cell stem.

• ʻO Chemotherapy e like me 6-merc laptopurine, 6-thioguanine, a me methotrexate.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ke ake a me nā aʻa o ka bile. Pili ka pilikia i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka mahele o ka radiation a me ka nui o ke ake e mālama ʻia.

• Ka makahiki ke mālama ʻia (ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka makaʻu).

• Inā he ʻoki lāʻau e hemo ai i kahi ʻāpana o ke ake.

• Inā hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy, e like me doxorubicin a i ʻole dactinomycin, me ka radiation radiation.

Ke transplant pūnaewele (a me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi graft-versus-host maʻi mau).

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ke akepaʻa a me nā aʻa o ka bile ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena o ke ake a me ka bile hopena hopena a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• ʻAʻole holo ka ate i ke ala e pono ai a oki paha ka hana.

• Nā Pohaku

• Nā maʻi lepaʻa Benign.

• ʻO ka maʻi Hepatitis B a ʻo C paha.

• ʻO ka hōʻino o ke ake e ka maʻi veno-occlusive / sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD / SOS).

• ʻO ka fibrosis o ke ake (kahi ulu o nā mea hoʻopili i ke ake) a i ʻole cirrhosis.

• ʻO ke ake momona me ke kūpaʻa o ka insulin (kahi ʻano e hana ai ke kino i ka insulin akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi iā ia).

• Hoʻopilikia ka aʻa a me nā ʻōpala i ke kūkulu ʻia o ka hao keu ma hope o ka nui o ke kaʻi o ke koko.

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ke akepaʻa a me nā aʻa o ka bile hopena hopena e pili ana me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka jaundice.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻōuli e hopena ʻia e ke akepaʻa a me ka hopena o ka hopena a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe:

• Loaʻa kaupaona a hōʻemi kino paha.

• ʻO ka pehu o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi.

• ʻEha ma ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke ʻeha ma kahi o nā iwi ʻaoʻao, pinepine ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, a ma hope paha o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai momona.

• Jaundice (melemele o ka ʻili a keʻokeʻo o nā maka).

• ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū māmā.

• Mimi kala ʻeleʻele.

• Kinoea nui.

• Ka nele i ka makemake.

• Luhi a palupalu paha.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha o ke ake a i ʻole ke aʻa o ka hopena o ka hopena a me ka mālama ʻana.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ke akepaʻa a me ka aʻa o ka bile.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole ai i ke ake a i ʻole ke aʻa o ka bile hopena hopena

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi maʻamau (ʻoi aku a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi No ka laʻana, aia paha he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a me ka aspartate aminotransferase (AST) i loko o ke kino inā loaʻa ke ake. ua hōʻino ʻia.

• Papa Ferritin: ʻO kahi kaʻina hana e nānā ʻia kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o ka ferritin. ʻO Ferritin kahi protein e hoʻopaʻa i ka hao a mālama iā ia no ka hoʻohana o ke kino. Ma hope o ke transplant cell stem, he pae ferritin kiʻekiʻe paha kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi ate.

• Nānā ke koko e nānā i ka maikaʻi o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o nā platelet i loko o ke kino a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kō ʻana o ke koko.

• ʻIke Hepatitis: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko no nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi hepatitis. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o ka maʻi hepatitis i ke koko. ʻO nā mea maʻi āpau i loaʻa i ke koko i mua o ka 1972 pono e hōʻike i kahi hōʻike loiloi no ka maʻi hepitis B. ʻO nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ke koko ma mua o ka makahiki 1993 e pono e hōʻoia ʻia no ka maʻi hepitis C.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa o loko a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalalā, e like me ka huahuʻi, a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• ʻO Biopsy: Ka hemo ʻana o nā hunaola a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaʻa mai ke akepaʻa i hiki iā lākou ke nānā ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ke ake momona.

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki no ka pono o kāu keiki e loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā no nā hōʻailona o ke ake a i ʻole nā ​​hopena hopena o ka bile. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻO nā hana olakino e hāpai i ka ate olakino he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio me nā hopena hopena o ke ake e mālama pono e pale aku i ko lākou olakino, e like me:

• Loaʻa ke kaupaona olakino.

• ʻAʻole inu lama.

• Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā lāʻau no ka maʻi hepitis A a me ka maʻi hepitis B.

ʻO Pancreas

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka hopena o nā hopena hope pancreatic.

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o nā hopena hopena pancreatic i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka pancreas e hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena Pancreatic a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Ke kūpale ʻana o ka insulin: ʻO kahi kūlana kahi e hoʻohana ʻole ai ke kino i ka insulin i ke ala e pono ai. Pono ka insulin e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka glucose (kahi ʻano kō) i ke kino. Ma muli o ka hana ʻole o ka insulin i ke ala e pono ai, piʻi ka glucose a me nā pae momona.

• Diabetes mellitus: ʻO kahi maʻi kahi e lawa ʻole ai ke kino o ka insulin a hoʻohana ʻole paha iā ia i ke ala e pono ai. Ke lawa ʻole ka insulin, piʻi ka nui o ka glucose i ke koko a hoʻonui ka puʻupaʻa i ka nui o ka mimi.

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope pancreatic me ka urination pinepine a me ka make wai ʻana.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hopena ʻia e nā hopena hopena pancreatic a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Urination pinepine.

• Manaʻo make wai loa.

• Pōloli loa.

• ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha no ke kumu ʻole.

• Luhi nui loa.

• ʻO nā maʻi pinepine, keu hoʻi o ka ʻili, ka gums, a i ʻole ka ʻaʻa.

• ʻIke makapō.

• ʻOʻoki a palapū paha e lohi e hoʻōla.

• Pōpō a ʻūlū paha i nā lima a me nā wāwae.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i nā pancreas.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena hope pancreatic:

• Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) ninau hoopoipoi: A i ke kaʻina hana ma i ka hāpana o ke koko ka i unuhiʻia, a ua anaia mai ka manawa i ka nui o ka monakō koko i ua pili i ka ula koko keena. ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau o ka glucose i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka kō kō koko: kahi hōʻike ma kahi e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o ka glucose i loko o ke koko. Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mea hoʻomanawanui e ʻai ai i ka pō hoʻokahi. ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau o ka glucose i ke koko hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻŌnaehana Endocrine

NA MANA KUNI

• Kelepaʻi thyroid

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka thyroid ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena thyroid.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka thyroid ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o kou hopena hopena e like me ka liʻiliʻi a nui paha o ka thyroid hormone i ke kino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka thyroid.

• Kelepona pituitary

• Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hopena hopena Neuroendocrine ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana e pili ana i ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka pituitary gland e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka neuroendocrine hopena hopena.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka hypothalamus e hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka neuroendocrine ʻōnaehana.

• Hōʻike a me nā ovaries

• Metabolic maʻi pale

• ʻOi aku ka hanana o ka Metabolic Syndrome ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka makaʻu o ka metabolic syndrome.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i ka maʻi metabolic syndrome.

• Hiki i ka maʻi Metabolic ke kumu i ka maʻi o ka naʻau a me ke koko a me ka maʻi kō.

• Kaumaha

• ʻO ka underweight, overweight, a obese paha kahi hopena hopena e ʻoi aku ka hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka makaʻu o ka underweight, overweight, a obese paha.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a kuhikuhi i ka loli o ke kaupaona.

Kelepaʻi thyroid

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka thyroid ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hopena i nā hopena o ka thyroid.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• ʻOrspala lolo.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻO Neuroblastoma.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena thyroid.

E hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o ka hopena hopena thyroid i ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka thyroid ma ke ʻano he radiation radiation i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka pituitary gland i ka lolo.

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

• MIBG (radioactive iodine) therapy no neuroblastoma.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu i nā wahine, i nā mea pakele i ka wā ʻōpio i ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana, i nā mea ola i loaʻa ka nui o ka lāʻau pāhawewe, a ʻo ka manawa mai ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka thyroid ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

ʻO nā hopena hopena thyroid a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Hypothyroidism (ʻaʻole lawa ka hormone thyroid): ʻO kēia ka hopena o ka hopena o ka thyroid. Hana pinepine ia i 2 a 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana akā hiki mai paha ma hope. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā kaikamahine ma mua o nā keikikāne.

• Hyperthyroidism (nui loa ka thyroid hormone): Hana pinepine ia i 3 a 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau.

ʻO Goiter (kahi thyroid hoʻonui ʻia).

• Lūlū i loko o ka thyroid: Hana pinepine ʻia he 10 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā kaikamahine ma mua o nā keikikāne. ʻO kēia mau ulu ʻana paha he benign (ʻaʻole cancerous) a i ʻole malignant (cancer).

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o kou hopena hopena e like me ka liʻiliʻi a nui paha o ka thyroid hormone i ke kino.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hopena ʻia e kāu hopena hopena thyroid a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe:

Hypothyroidism (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka thyroid hormone)

• Luhi a palupalu paha.

• ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi i ke anuanu.

• Pāhaka, ʻili maloʻo.

• ʻO ka lauoho lauoho a lahilahi.

• Nā manamana lima palupalu.

• Leo hū.

• ʻO ka helehelena puʻupuʻu.

• ʻO ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha ami a paʻa.

• Konipōpō.

• ʻO nā wā Menstrual ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ka maʻamau.

• Loaʻa kaupaona no ke kumu ʻole.

• Kaumaha a i ʻole pilikia me ka hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo.

Kākaʻikahi ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hypothyroidism i kekahi ʻōuli.

Hyperthyroidism (ʻo ka nui o ka thyroid hormone)

• Ke hopohopo, hopohopo, a i ʻole huhū.

• Pilikia hiamoe.

• Luhi a palupalu paha.

• Loaʻa nā lima haʻalulu.

• Loaʻa ka puʻuwai wikiwiki.

• Loaʻa kaʻulaʻula, mehana i ka ʻili i ikehu paha.

• Loaʻa ka lauoho maikaʻi a palupalu e hāʻule ana i waho.

• Loaʻa i ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha no ke kumu ʻole.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka thyroid.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena o ka hopena o ka thyroid.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Nā haʻawina hormonone koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau hormones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aku a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea i hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o ka meaola a i ʻole ke ʻano. Nānā ʻia ke koko no nā pae maʻamau o ka thyroid-stimulate hormone (TSH) a i ʻole thyroxine manuahi (T4).

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻola a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hōʻike i ka nui o ka thyroid a inā he nodule (lumps) ma ka thyroid.

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki inā pono e loaʻa i kāu keiki nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka hopena o ka thyroid. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Kelepona pituitary

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hopena hopena Neuroendocrine ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana neuroendocrine ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me ka ʻōnaehana endocrine e hana pū ana.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hopena i nā hopena neuroendocrine:

• ʻO nā kūpeʻe o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Maʻi ʻaʻai Nasopharyngeal.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana e pili ana i ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka pituitary gland e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka neuroendocrine hopena hopena.

ʻO ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu no ka neuroendocrine hopena hopena. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hopena e ka radiation radiation i ka lolo ma kahi o ka hypothalamus. Mālama ka hypothalamus i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā homone a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e ka pituitary gland. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kokoke i ka hypothalamus a i ʻole me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o kahi transplant cell stem. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hopena e ke ʻoki ʻana ma kahi o ka hypothalamus, ka pituitary gland, a me nā ala optic.

Hiki i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i loaʻa nā neuroendocrine hopena hopena ke loaʻa i nā pae haʻahaʻa o kekahi o nā hormones i hana ʻia i ka pituitary gland a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko.

• ʻO ka hormone ulu (GH; kōkua i ka hoʻonui i ka ulu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka metabolism).

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; kaohi i ka hana ʻana o nā glucocorticoids).

• Prolactin (kaohi i ka hana ʻana i ka waiū umauma).

• ʻO ka hōmona hoʻoweliweli thyroid (TSH; kaohi i ka hana ʻana o nā homone thyroid).

• Luteinizing hormone (LH; kaohi i ka hana hou).

• ʻO ka hormonone stimulate-Follicle (FSH; kaohi i ka hana hou).

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka hypothalamus e hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena Neuroendocrine a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• ʻO ka hemahema o ka hormone ulu: ʻO kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka hormone ulu kahi hopena hopena hopena o ka radiation i ka lolo i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena o ka lāʻau radiation a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa mai ka mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o kēia hopena hopena. Hiki i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka hormone ulu ke ulu i ka wā kamaliʻi ALL a me nā mea ola transplant cell i loaʻa i ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a me ka iwi a me / a chemotherapy.

ʻO kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka hormone ulu i ka wā kamaliʻi e hopena i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mākua ma mua o ka maʻamau. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala piha nā iwi o ke keiki, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pae hormone ulu haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hormone ulu e hoʻomaka ana i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau.

Ka nele o Adrenocorticotropin: ʻO kahi hopena haʻahaʻa o ka hormone adrenocorticotropic kahi hopena hopena maʻamau. Hiki paha i nā mea pakele o ka lolo lolo kamaliʻi, nā mea pakele me nā pae hormone ulu haʻahaʻa a i ʻole hypothyroidism waena, a ma hope paha o ka radiation radiation i ka lolo.

ʻAʻole paʻakikī nā ʻōuli o ka hemahema a ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka hemahema adrenocorticotropin me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha no ke kumu ʻole.

• ʻAʻole pololi.

• Nusea.

• ʻO ka luaʻi

• Kaomi haʻahaʻa.

• Luhi luhi.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pae haʻahaʻa o adrenocorticotropin me ka lāʻau hydrocortisone.

• Hyperprolactinemia: Hiki i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone prolactin ke hana ma hope o kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka radiation i ka lolo a i ʻole ke ʻoki e pili i ka ʻāpana pituitary. Hiki i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka prolactin ke kumu i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻO Puberty i ka makahiki ma hope o ka maʻamau.

• Kahe o ka waiū umauma i ka wahine hāpai ʻole a hānai umauma.

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi he mau manawa o ka menstrual a me nā wā menstrual me kahi kahe māmā loa.

• Pākuʻi wela (i nā wahine).

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hāpai.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke kūkulu i kahi kūkulu no ka moekolohe.

• Kaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (i nā kāne a me nā wahine).

• Osteopenia.

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli. ʻAʻohe pono ka mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hemahema o ka hormonone thyroid-stimulate (hypothyroidism waena): hiki ke lohi loa kahi pae o kāu thyroid i ka manawa ma hope o ka radiation therapy i ka lolo.

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka hemahema o ka homo-stimulate hormone. Hiki i nā pae hormonone thyroid haʻahaʻa ke kumu e ulu lohi a lohi hoʻi ka wā ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi pae haʻahaʻa o kāu hormone thyroid me ka hoʻōla hou.

• ʻO ka hormone Luteinizing a i ʻole ka follicle-stimulate hormone deficit: Hiki i nā pae haʻahaʻa o kēia mau hormones ke hana i nā pilikia olakino ʻokoʻa. Aia ke ʻano o ka pilikia i ka hopena radiation.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me nā kaona haʻahaʻa o ka pāhawewe i ka lolo e hoʻomohala i ka wā ʻōpio precocious (kahi kumu e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻōpio ma mua o ka makahiki 8 i nā kaikamahine a me 9 mau makahiki i nā keikikāne). Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia ʻano me ka gonadotropin-hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu ʻia (GnRH) agonist therapy e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ka ʻōpio a kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki. Hiki paha i ka Hydrocephalus ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o kēia hopena hopena.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me nā kaukani kiʻekiʻe o ka radiation i ka lolo e loaʻa i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka hormone luteinizing a i ʻole ka hormone stimulate stimole. Hiki ke mālama ʻia i kēia ʻano me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hormone. Pili ka mahele lāʻau i ka makahiki o ke keiki a inā ua oʻo a makua ke keiki.

• ʻO ka insipidus diabetes Central : ʻo ka insipidus diabetes Central ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​haʻahaʻa o nā hormones āpau i hana ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka pituitary gland a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko. Hiki paha ia i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me ke kahakaha ʻana ma kahi o ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka pituitary gland. Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ke kikowaena diabetes insipidus ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• Loaʻa ka nui o ka mimi a i ʻole nā ​​diapers pulu maʻamau.

• Manaʻo make wai loa.

• ʻEha poʻo.

• Pilikia me ka hihiʻo.

• Hoʻonui lohi a me ka ulu ʻana.

• ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha no ke kumu ʻole.

Hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke komo pū me ka hormone replacement therapy me vasopressin, ka hōmona e kaohi ai i ka nui o ka mimi i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka neuroendocrine ʻōnaehana.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena o ka hopena o ka thyroid.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Ke aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea, e like me ka glucose, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• Nā haʻawina hormonone koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau hormones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aku a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea i hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o ka meaola a i ʻole ke ʻano. Hiki ke nānā ʻia ke koko no nā pae maʻamau o ka hormone follicle-stimulate, ka luteinizing hormone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, a me ka thyroxine manuahi (T4).

• Nā ʻikepili pili Lipid: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o nā triglycerides, cholesterol, a me nā kolesterol lipoprotein haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ke koko.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki inā pono e loaʻa nā hōʻike a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o neuroendocrine hopena hopena. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Hōʻike a me nā ovaries

E ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Reproductive System o kēia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka hopena e pili ana i nā hopena hopena i nā testicle a me nā ovaries.

Metabolic maʻi pale

ʻOi aku ka hanana o ka Metabolic Syndrome ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka metabolic syndrome kahi hui o nā kūlana olakino e komo pū me ka momona nui a puni ka ʻōpū a ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua o kēia mau mea:

• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe.

• Nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā triglycerides a me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka lipoprotein (HDL) kolesterol kiʻekiʻe i ke koko.

• Nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose (kō) i loko o ke koko.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana i ka maʻi metabolic ma hope o ke ola.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

• Mālama ʻia nā maʻi ʻōpala me ka pāhawewe i ka ʻōpū, e like me Wilms tumo a i ʻole neuroblastoma.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka makaʻu o ka metabolic syndrome.

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o ka maʻi metabolic i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a i ʻole ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i ka maʻi metabolic syndrome.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike a ʻike paha i ka maʻi metabolic maʻi.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea, e like me ka glucose, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• Nā ʻikepili pili Lipid: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o nā triglycerides, cholesterol, a me nā kolesterol lipoprotein haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ke koko.

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki no ka pono o kāu keiki e loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka metabolic syndrome. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Hiki i ka maʻi Metabolic ke kumu i ka maʻi o ka naʻau a me ke koko a me ka maʻi kō.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka maʻi Metabolic i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka makaʻi o ka naʻau a me nā maʻi o ke kīʻaha a me ka maʻi kō. ʻO nā ʻano olakino e hōʻemi ai i kēia mau pilikia me:

• Loaʻa ke kaupaona olakino.

• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka papaʻai olakino puʻuwai.

• Loaʻa ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau.

• ʻAʻole puhipaka.

Kaumaha

ʻO ka underweight, overweight, a obese paha kahi hopena hopena e ʻoi aku ka hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio. ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kaumaha.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• ʻO nā pūpū o ka lolo, ʻoi loa hoʻi nā craniopharyngiomas.

• Mālama ʻia nā maʻi ʻōpala me ka pāhawewe i ka lolo, me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻano he transplant cell stem.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka makaʻu o ka underweight, overweight, a obese paha.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka underweight ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā mea aʻe:

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) no nā wahine.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū no nā kāne.

• Kekahi mauʻano o ka chemotherapy (alkylating konohiki a me antracyclines).

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka momona ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka lolo.

• ʻO ke kīʻaha e hōʻino ai i ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka pituitary gland, e like me ke ʻoki ʻana e hoʻoneʻe i kahi tumo craniopharyngioma lolo.

Hiki i ka mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka momona:

• ʻIke ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka wā he 5 a 9 mau makahiki.

• ʻO ka wahine.

• Loaʻa ka hemahema o ka hormone ulu a i ʻole nā ​​pae haʻahaʻa o ka leptin hormone.

• ʻAʻole lawa ka hana kino e noho ai i ke kaumaha o ke kino olakino.

• Lawe i kahi antidepressant i kapa ʻia paroxetine.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i loaʻa ka lawa o ka hoʻoikaika kino a loaʻa ka nui o ka hopohopo i ka haʻahaʻa o ka momona.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a kuhikuhi i ka loli o ke kaupaona.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike i kahi loli o ke kaupaona.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, me ke kaupaona a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea, e like me ka glucose, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• Nā ʻikepili pili Lipid: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o nā triglycerides, cholesterol, a me nā kolesterol lipoprotein haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ke koko.

ʻO ke kaumaha ʻole, kaupaona, a me ka momona paha e ana ʻia e ke kaupaona, ka papa kuhikuhi nui o ke kino, ka pākēneka o ke kino momona, a i ʻole ka nui o ka ʻōpū (momona ʻōpū).

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka loli o ke kaupaona. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻUnenaehana Immune

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO ke kaha ʻana e wehe i ka spleen e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻino hopena.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻonā i ka maʻi.

• ʻO nā keiki i hemo i ko lākou ʻāpala e pono paha i nā antibiotic e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi.

ʻO ke kaha ʻana e wehe i ka spleen e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻino hopena.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana pale ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā mea aʻe:

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i ka spleen.

• ʻO ka lāʻau radiation radiation kiʻekiʻe i ka maʻi lūlū e hoʻopau ai i ka spleen e hana.

• Hoʻohuli ʻia ke kāpili ʻōnaehana i ukali ʻia e ka maʻi graft-versus-host ka mea e hoʻopau i ka spleen e hana.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻonā i ka maʻi.

Hiki i nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana pale ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi bacterial koʻikoʻi loa. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia makaʻi ma nā keiki ʻōpio ma mua o nā keiki nui a ʻoi aku paha ka nui ma nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka spleen i ka hana ʻana a wehe ʻia paha e ke ʻoki. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli e ka maʻi.

• ʻUlaʻula, pehu, a i ʻole mehana o kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• ʻO ka ʻeha ma kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, e like me ka maka, pepeiao, a ʻāʻī paha.

• Fiva.

Hiki i kahi maʻi ke kumu i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻāpana o ke kino i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi maʻi lolo ke kumu i kahi maʻi a me ka pilikia i ka hanu ʻana.

ʻO nā keiki i hemo i ko lākou ʻāpala e pono paha i nā antibiotic e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi.

Kau ʻia nā antibiotic i kēlā me kēia lā no nā keiki ʻōpio ma mua o 5 mau makahiki nona ka ʻāpala e hana hou ʻole ana a i ʻole ma kahi o 1 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e wehe i ka iwi maha. No kekahi mau mea maʻi pōpilikia kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā antibiotic i kēlā me kēia lā a puni ka wā kamaliʻi a i ka wā makua.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā keiki me ka mahuahua o ka maʻi e pono ai ka lāʻau ʻana ma ka papa kuhikuhi ma o ka ʻōpio kūʻē i nā mea aʻe:

• Maʻi maʻi pneumococcal.

• Maʻi maʻi Meningococcal.

• Haemophilus influenzae ʻano b (Hib) maʻi.

• Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP).

• Hepatitis B.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana inā pono e hana hou i nā lāʻau ʻōpio ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

ʻŌnaehana Musculoskeletal

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka iwi a me ka hopena o ka hopena ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, radiation radiation, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena o ke ami.

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻOki kino

• Chemotherapy a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka pehu ʻana ma luna o ka iwi a iwi paha a me ka ʻeha pū.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka iwi a me ka ami.

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka iwi a me ka hopena o ka hopena ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe i kumu e hopena ai ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Kanesa iwi.

• ʻO nā kūpeʻe o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

• Ewing sarcoma.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.

• ʻO Neuroblastoma.

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Osteosarcoma.

• Retinoblastoma.

• Sarkoma palupalu.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika kino i kumu e hopena ai ka iwi.

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, radiation radiation, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena o ke ami.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Hiki i ka radiation radiation ke hōʻoki a hoʻolohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka iwi a me ka hopena o ka hopena e pili i ka ʻāpana o ke kino i loaʻa i ka radiation radiation. Hiki i ka radiation radiation ke hana i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO nā loli i ke ʻano o ka helehelena a i ʻole ka iwi poʻo, keu hoʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka radiation radiation me ka ʻole o ka chemotherapy i nā keiki ma mua o ka makahiki 5.

• ʻO ke kino pōkole (ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka maʻamau).

• Scoliosis (hāwele ʻana o ke kuamoʻo) a i ʻole kyphosis (ke kolokolo ʻana o ka iwi kuamoʻo).

• ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka lima a ʻo ka wāwae paha ma mua o ka lima a i ʻole ka wāwae.

• Osteoporosis (nā iwi nāwaliwali a lahilahi paha e hiki ke haki maʻalahi).

• ʻO Osteoradionecrosis (nā ʻāpana o ka iwi ā make mai ka nele o ke kahe o ke koko).

• ʻO Osteochondroma (kahi maʻi ʻōiwi maikaʻi o ka iwi).

ʻOki kino

ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lālā e hoʻoneʻe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a pale iā ia mai ka hoʻi ʻana e hopena i nā hopena hopena ma muli o kahi o ka tumo, ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi, a me ke ʻano o ke ʻoki. ʻO nā pilikia olakino ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lālā-sparing e komo pū paha:

• Loaʻa nā pilikia me nā hana o ka nohona o kēlā me kēia lā

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hana e like me ka maʻamau.

• ʻEha mau a maʻi paha.

• Nā pilikia me ke ʻano o ke kūpono a hana paha o nā prosthetics.

• Iwi haʻi.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla maikaʻi ka iwi ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana.

• ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka lima a ʻo ka wāwae paha ma mua o kekahi.

ʻAʻole hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi o ke ola i ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi i loaʻa ka ʻokiʻoki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka poʻe i ʻoki ʻia i ka lālā.

Chemotherapy a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

E hoʻonui ʻia paha ka makaʻu i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i loaʻa i ka anticancer therapy e komo pū me methotrexate a i ʻole corticosteroids a i ʻole glucocorticoids e like me dexamethasone. Hiki i nā lāʻau lāʻau ke kumu i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Osteoporosis (nā iwi nāwaliwali a lahilahi paha e hiki ke haki maʻalahi).

• ʻO Osteonecrosis (hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau ʻāpana o ka iwi e make i ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kahe o ke koko), keu hoʻi i ka uha a i ʻole ke kuli.

Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho

Hiki i ke transplant cell stem ke hoʻopili i ka iwi a me nā hono i nā ʻano like ʻole:

• Hāʻawi ʻia ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka transplant cell stem i ka hiki i ke kino ke hana i ka hormone ulu a hana i ke kino pōkole (ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka maʻamau). Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka osteoporosis (nā iwi nāwaliwali a lahilahi paha e hiki ke haki maʻalahi).

• ʻO Osteochondroma (kahi tumo benign o nā iwi lōʻihi, e like me ka lima a me nā iwi o ka wāwae) e hana.

• Hiki ke hana i kahi maʻi ma waena o ka host cell ma hope o ke transplant cell stem a hana i nā kuʻikahi kuikui (ke ʻākoʻo o nā mākala e hoʻopōkole a lilo i ʻoʻoleʻa loa). Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka osteonecrosis (hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā ʻāpana o ka iwi e make mai ka nele o ke kahe o ke koko).

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka pehu ʻana ma luna o ka iwi a iwi paha a me ka ʻeha pū.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hopena ʻia e ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO ka pehu ma luna o kahi iwi a iwi paha o ke kino.

• ʻEha ma ka iwi a hui paha.

• ʻOʻulaʻula a mehana paha ma luna o kahi iwi a hui paha.

• Pākuʻi paʻa a i ʻole pilikia e neʻe maʻamau.

• Kahi iwi e haki no ke kumu a ʻike a haki maʻalahi paha.

• ʻO ke kino pōkole (ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka maʻamau).

• Ke nānā aku nei kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ke kele ʻana o ke kino i kekahi ʻaoʻao.

• Noho mau a kū paha i kahi kūlana slouching a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke kua hunched.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka iwi a me ka ami.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai a ʻike paha i ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena hope.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi, nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua o nā iwi a me nā mākala e ka loea.

• Nānā i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi mineral Bone: kahi hoʻokolohua kiʻi e ana i ka iwi iwi (ka nui o ka mineral iwi i kekahi nui o ka iwi) ma o ka hele ʻana i nā kukuna ʻelua me nā pae ikehu ʻelua ma o ka iwi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e kuhikuhi i ka osteoporosis (nā iwi nāwaliwali a lahilahi paha e hiki ke haki maʻalahi). Kapa pū ʻia ʻo BMD scan, DEXA, DEXA scan, pālua ikehu x-ray absorptiometric scan, pālua x-ray absorptiometry, a me DXA.

• X-ray: ʻO kahi x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu i hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, e like me nā iwi.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka iwi a me nā hopena hopena o ka hui. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻŌnaehana hoʻohua

NA MANA KUNI

• Hōʻikeʻike

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o nā hopena hopena testicular ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO ke kaha, radiation radiation, a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i nā testicle.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i nā testicle ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• ʻOihana

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o Ovarian ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena o ka ovarian.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i nā ovaries ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hopena ovarian ke komo pū me nā wā paʻipaʻi ʻole a i ʻole absent a me nā uila wela.

• Ka momona a me ka hoʻohua hou

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoulu ai i ka infertility i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hiki i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke hopena hope loa i pili i ka hāpai ʻana.

• Aia kekahi mau hana i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i nā keiki pakele o ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi.

• hildren o ke ola ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi e pili ʻole i ka mālama mua ʻana a ka makua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hōʻikeʻike

ʻOi aku ka hopena o nā hopena hopena testicular ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa no kēia a me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe i nā hopena hope loa o testicular:

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• ʻO nā tumele kele.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻO Sarcoma.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai testicular.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

ʻO ke kaha, radiation radiation, a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena e hoʻopili i nā testicle.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e hoʻopili i ka testicle ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke kaha, e like me ka hemo ʻana o kahi testicle, ʻāpana o ka prostate, a i ʻole nā ​​lymph node i loko o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO Chemotherapy me nā ʻākena alkylating, e like me cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, procarbazine, a me ifosfamide.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i ʻole ma kahi o ka hypothalamus i ka lolo.

• ʻO ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i nā testicle ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hope loa o nā testicle a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Ka helu sperm haʻahaʻa: ʻO kahi helu sperm zero a i ʻole kahi helu sperm haʻahaʻa paha ka manawa a paʻa paha. Aia kēia i ka hopena radiation a me ka papa kuhikuhi, ka wahi o ke kino i mālama ʻia, a me ka makahiki ke mālama ʻia.

• Infertility: Ka hiki ʻole i ka makua kāne o kahi keiki.

• Ejaculation Retrograde: ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka semen e puka mai i waho o ka peni i ka wā o ka orgasm.

Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me chemotherapy a i ʻole radiation, hiki i ke kino ke hana i ka sperm ke hoʻi i ka manawa.

ʻOihana

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o Ovarian ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hopena i nā hopena hopena o ovarian:

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• ʻO nā tumele kele.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Maʻi ʻaʻai Ovarian.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena o ka ovarian.

E hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o nā hopena hopena ovarian ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻopau ke ʻoki ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ovaries ʻelua.

• ʻO Chemotherapy me nā ʻākena alkylating, e like me cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, cisplatin, ifosfamide, lomustine, busulfan, a me nā procarbazine.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i lalo paha. I ka poʻe i pakele i loaʻa ka pāhawewe i ka ʻōpū, pili ka pōʻino o nā ovaries i ke kaona o ka pāhawewe, ka makahiki i ka manawa o ka mālama ʻia ʻana, a inā loaʻa i nā ʻāpana āpau a ʻāpana paha o ka ʻōpū i ka radiation.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole pelvis pū me nā ʻākala alkylating.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i kahi kokoke i ka hypothalamus i ka lolo.

• ʻO ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i nā ovaries ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena Ovarian a me nā pilikia pili olakino e pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO ka menopause mua, keu hoʻi i nā wahine i hoʻoneʻe ʻia kā lākou ovaries a i ʻole mālama ʻia me nā mea ʻelua alkylating a me radiation therapy i ka ʻōpū.

• Hoʻololi i nā manawa menstrual.

• Infertility (hiki ʻole ke hāpai i kahi keiki).

• ʻAʻole hoʻomaka ʻo Puberty.

Ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana me ka chemotherapy, hoʻomaka paha nā ovaries e hana ma luna o ka manawa.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hopena ovarian ke komo pū me nā wā paʻipaʻi ʻole a i ʻole absent a me nā uila wela.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hopena ʻia e nā hopena hopena ovarian a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Kūleʻa a ʻaʻohe manawa menstrual.

• ʻO nā kukuna wela.

• Hoʻoulu ka pō.

• Pilikia hiamoe.

• Hoʻololi ke ʻano.

• Kaha hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

• Maloʻo maloʻo.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hāpai i kahi keiki.

• ʻO nā ʻano moekolohe, e like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lima, ka pubic, a me ka lauoho o ka wāwae a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā umauma, ʻaʻole i ka wā ʻōpio.

• Osteoporosis (nā iwi nāwaliwali a lahilahi paha e hiki ke haki maʻalahi).

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Ka momona a me ka hoʻohua hou

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoulu ai i ka infertility i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka infertility ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā mea aʻe:

• I nā keikikāne, mālama me ka radiation radiation i nā testicle.

• I nā kaikamahine, ka mālama ʻana me ka radiation radiation i ka pelvis, me nā ovaries a me ka uterus.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i kahi kokoke i ka hypothalamus i ka lolo a i ʻole ke kua i lalo.

• ʻO ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

• ʻO Chemotherapy me nā ʻākena alkylating, e like me cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, lomustine, a me procarbazine.

• ʻOki kino, e like me ka hemo ʻana o kahi testicle a i ʻole ovary a i ʻole lymph nodes i loko o ka ʻōpū.

Hiki i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke hopena hope loa i pili i ka hāpai ʻana.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa i ka hāpai ʻana e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o kēia mau mea:

• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe.

• Diabetes i ka wā hāpai.

• Anemia

• Hewa a hānau hānau hou paha.

• Pēpē hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

• Ka hana mua a me / a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana.

• Lawe ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao Cesarean.

• ʻAʻole kūpono ka fetus i ke kūlana kūpono no ka hānau ʻana (e laʻa me ka wāwae a i ʻole ka ʻūlū e kū i mua o ke poʻo).

ʻAʻole hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hopena o ka hopena hopena ma ka hāpai ʻana.

Aia kekahi mau hana i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i nā keiki pakele o ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi.

Hoʻohana ʻia paha nā ʻano hana i hiki ai i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ke loaʻa nā keiki:

• Ke hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā hua a i ʻole sperm ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā mea maʻi i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio.

• ʻO ka hoʻoiho sperm testicular (ka hemo ʻana o kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kiko i loaʻa ka sperm mai ka testicle).

• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka sperm intracytoplasmic (kahi hua i hoʻomomona ʻia me hoʻokahi sperm i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hua ma waho o ke kino).

• Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo vitro fertilization (IVF) (hua a me ka sperm i loko o kahi pahu, e hāʻawi ana i ka sperm i ka manawa e komo ai i kahi hua manu).

ʻAʻole pili nā keiki o nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i ka hana mua a ka makua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā keiki o ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi me ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka hānau hānau ʻana, ka maʻi maʻi a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻŌnaehana hanu

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka leha ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• ʻO kekahi ʻano chemotherapy a me ka radiation i nā māmā e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā hopena hopena o ka hū.

• Hiki i nā hopena hope loa ke hoʻopili i nā māmā ke hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope loa o ka hanu e komo pū me ka hanu pilikia a me ke kaukā.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (ʻike) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka māmā.

• ʻO nā hana olakino e hāpai i nā māmā olakino ka mea nui no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka leha ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ke kamaliʻi i kumu e hopena ai i ka hopena o ka māmā.

• Hodgkin lymphoma.

• ʻŌiwi Wilms.

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻO kekahi ʻano chemotherapy a me ka radiation i nā māmā e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā hopena hopena o ka hū.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e hoʻopili i nā māmā ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i nā mea āpau a ʻāpana paha o ka paia māmā a i ʻole ka umauma.

• ʻO Chemotherapy. I nā mea ola i mālama ʻia me ka chemotherapy, e like me bleomycin, busulfan, carmustine, a i ʻole lomustine, a me radiation therapy i ka umauma, aia kahi pilikia nui o ka hōʻino māmā.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka umauma. I nā mea pakele i loaʻa ka pāhawewe i ka umauma, ka pōʻino o nā akemāmā a me ka paia o ka umauma kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahele lāʻau, inā paha i loaʻa i ka pā a me ka ʻāpana o nā akemāmā a me ka paia o ka umauma ka pāhawewe, inā i hāʻawi ʻia ka pāhawewe i ka liʻiliʻi, māhele ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā makahiki o ke keiki ma ka lapaʻau ʻana.

• Irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy ma mua o kahi transplant cell stem.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hopena o nā hopena hopena o ke akemāmā i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana o ke kahakaha, chemotherapy, a me / a i ʻole radiation therapy. Hoʻonui pū ʻia ka makaʻu i nā poʻe pakele i loaʻa ka mōʻaukala o kēia mau mea:

• Nā maʻi āpau a i ʻole ka maʻi host-ma hope o kahi transplant cell stem.

• ʻO ka maʻi leha a me nā ea paha, e like me ka hānō, ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• He paia umauma ʻole.

• Paka paka a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i nā hopena hope loa ke hoʻopili i nā māmā ke hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū me kēia:

• ʻO ka radiation pneumonitis (ka mumū i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka radiation radiation).

• Pulmonary fibrosis (ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻaʻa maka i ka akemāmā).

• ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe a me nā ala ea e like me ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive mau loa (COPD), pulumonia, kūmū ʻaʻole hele, a me ka hānō

Nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā ʻōuli o nā hopena hope loa o ka hanu e komo pū me ka hanu pilikia a me ke kaukā.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hopena ʻia e nā hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Dyspnea (ka pōkole o ka hanu), keu hoʻi ke hana.

• ʻUhihi.

• Fiva.

• Mū kau mau.

• ʻO ka pīhoihoi (kahi manaʻo o ka piha i nā akemāmā mai keu mucus).

• Nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maha.

• Luhi luhi.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

ʻO nā hopena hopena o ka maʻi lepa i ka wā pakele o ka maʻi ʻōpio hiki ke lohi i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa a i ʻole ʻaʻohe hōʻailona. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hōʻino puʻupuʻu e ke kiʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana pulmonary. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena o ka leha i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (ʻike) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i ka māmā.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai a ʻike paha i nā hopena o ke akahai.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ke kukui x: kahi x-ray o nā mea a me nā iwi i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• Hōʻike hana pulmonary (PFT): kahi hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hana o nā māmā. Ana ʻia ka nui o ka ea e hiki ai i nā māmā ke hoʻopaʻa a pehea ka wikiwiki e neʻe ai ka ea i loko a i waho o nā māmā. Ana ʻia hoʻi ka nui o ka oxygen e hoʻohana ʻia ai a pehea e hāʻawi ʻia ai ke kalapona kalapona i ka hanu ʻana. Kāhea ʻia kēia mea ʻo ka hoʻāʻo hana lung.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai e loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o nā hopena hopena o ka lung. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻO nā hana olakino e hāpai i nā māmā olakino ka mea nui no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻO nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio me nā hopena hope loa o ka maʻi e mālama pono e pale aku i ko lākou olakino, e like me:

• ʻAʻole puhipaka.

• Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā lāʻau āpau no ka maʻi palū a me ka pneumococcus.

ʻO nā manaʻo

NA MANA KUNI

• Lohe ʻana

• He hopena hopena ka lohe ʻana i nā pilikia ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao.

• ʻO ka nalowale hoʻolohe ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hopena hopena.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino ma ka pepeiao a me nā pilikia pepeiao.

• Ke ʻike nei

• ʻO nā pilikia o ka maka a me ka hihi kahi hopena hopena e hana ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

• Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a poʻo paha i ka hopena o nā pilikia o ka maka a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

• ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka maka ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maka a me ka hihi ke hopena hopena ke hoʻololi i ka hihi a me nā maka maloʻo.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka maka a me nā pilikia ʻike.

Lohe ʻana

He hopena hopena ka lohe ʻana i nā pilikia ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻolohe i nā hopena hopena.

• ʻOrspala lolo.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.

• ʻO Neuroblastoma.

• Retinoblastoma.

• Kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO nā tumele kele.

• Kanesa iwi.

• Sarkoma palupalu.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a me kekahi ʻano chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe ma nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me nā mea penei:

• Kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy, e like me cisplatin a i ʻole ka carboplatin kiʻekiʻe.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka lolo.

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o ka hoʻolohe lohe ʻana i nā mea pakele o ka maʻi ʻōpio i ʻōpio i ka manawa o ka lapaʻau (ʻo ke kaikaina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu), i mālama ʻia no ka tumo lolo, a i ʻole loaʻa ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a me ka chemotherapy ma ka mea like manawa.

ʻO ka nalowale hoʻolohe ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hopena hopena.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Lohe hoʻolohe.

• Ke kani nei i nā pepeiao.

• Huʻihuʻi.

• ʻOi loa ka wili paʻakikī i ka pepeiao.

Lohe paha ka lohe pepeiao i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ma hope koke iho o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau, a i ʻole mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hōʻino hoʻi ma ka manawa. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino ma ka pepeiao a me nā pilikia pepeiao.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai a ʻike paha i ka hopena o ka lohe ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Hōʻike ʻo Otoscopic: ʻO kahi hōʻike o ka pepeiao. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi otoscope e nānā i ke kahawai pepeiao a me ka eardrum e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. I kekahi manawa he ʻōmole ea kā ka otoscope i kaomi ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i kahi ea puff liʻiliʻi i loko o ka aʻa pepeiao. I loko o kahi pepeiao ola, e neʻe ka eardrum. Inā he wai ma hope o ka eardrum, ʻaʻole ia e neʻe.

• Hōʻike hoʻolohe: hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka makahiki o ke keiki. Hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e nānā inā hiki i ke keiki ke lohe i nā kani palupalu a nui a me nā kani haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. Nānā ʻokoʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia pepeiao. E nīnau ʻia paha ke keiki inā hiki iā ia ke lohe i ke kani kiʻekiʻe o kahi ʻāʻī ke waiho ʻia ma hope o ka pepeiao a i ka lae paha.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hopena hopena. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

Ke ʻike nei

ʻO nā pilikia o ka maka a me ka hihi kahi hopena hopena e hana ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no kēia a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe i hiki i ka maka a me ka hihi ke hopena hopena.

• Retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, a me nā tumors ʻē aʻe o ka maka.

• ʻOrspala lolo.

• Nā maʻi maʻi poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.

• ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic ākea (ALL).

• Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me ka irradiation o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma mua o ka hoʻoiho ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo paʻa.

Hoʻonui ka radiation radiation i ka lolo a poʻo paha i ka hopena o nā pilikia o ka maka a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o nā pilikia o ka maka a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i nā mea pakele maʻi ʻōpio ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana me kekahi o kēia

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka lolo, ka maka, a me ka maka o ka maka.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e hemo ai ka maka a i ʻole kahi tumo kokoke i ke aʻalolo optic.

• ʻO kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy, e like me cytarabine a me doxorubicin a i ʻole busulfan a me nā corticosteroids ma ke ʻano he transplant cell stem.

• ʻO ka irradiation kino holoʻokoʻa (TBI) ma ke ʻāpana o kahi transplant cell stem.

• Ke transplant pūnaewele (a me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi graft-versus-host maʻi mau).

ʻO nā hopena hopena e pili ana i ka maka ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Loaʻa i kahi maka maka liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili i ke ʻano o ka helehelena o ke keiki i kona ulu ʻana.

• Lilo o ka hihiʻo.

• Nā pilikia o ka hihiʻo, e like me cataract a i ʻole glaucoma.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā waimaka.

• Poino i ke aʻalolo optic a me ka retina.

• ʻO nā kūpeʻe kuʻemaka.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maka a me ka hihi ke hopena hopena ke hoʻololi i ka hihi a me nā maka maloʻo.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻōuli e hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maka a me ka hihi hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Nā loli i ka hihiʻo, e like me:

• ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā mea kokoke.

• ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā mea i kahi mamao loa.

• Hōʻike pālua.

• ʻIke ao a pohihihi paha.

• Me he mea mae wale nā ​​kala.

• Ka palaka i ka malamalama a i ʻole ka pilikia ʻike i ka pō.

• Ke ʻike nei i kahi aniani a halo paha e pili ana i nā kukui i ka pō.

• ʻO nā maka maloʻo e like paha me ka makaʻu, ka wela, a me ka pehu, a me he mea lā i ka maka.

• ʻEhaʻeha maka.

• ʻUlaʻula maka.

• Loaʻa ka ulu ʻana ma ka lihilihi.

• Kaʻu ʻana o ka eyelid luna.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka maka a me nā pilikia ʻike.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena o ka maka a me ka hihi.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka maka me ka haumāna i hoʻomāhuahua ʻia : ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua o ka maka kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka haumāna (ākea) me nā kulu maka lāʻau e hiki ai i ke kauka ke nānā ma ka aniani a me ka haumāna i ka retina. Kuhi ʻia ka loko o ka maka, me ka retina a me ke aʻalolo optic, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea kani e hana ai i kahi kukuna o ka malamalama. Kāhea ʻia kēia i kekahi manawa he hōʻike kukui slit. Inā loaʻa kahi tumo, hiki i ke kauka ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi i ka manawa e mālama i nā loli i ka nui o ka tumo a pehea ka wikiwiki o kona ulu ʻana.

• Ophthalmoscopy pololei: kahi hoʻokolohua o loko o ka hope o ka maka e hoʻohana ana i kahi aniani hoʻonui liʻiliʻi a me kahi kukui.

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki inā pono e loaʻa i kāu keiki nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maka a me ka hihi o nā hopena hopena. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻŌnaehana mimi

NA MANA KUNI

• Hakuʻala

• Hoʻonui kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka hakuʻala.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e hoʻopili i ka puʻupaʻa e hoʻonā i kekahi pilikia olakino.

• Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ke kīʻaha hopena hopena e komo pū me nā pilikia mimi a me ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae a i ʻole nā ​​lima

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka puʻupaʻa.

• ʻO nā ʻano olakino e hāpai i nā puʻupaʻa olakino he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

• ʻAdmiʻi

• ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka wahi pelvic a me kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka maʻi bladder.

• ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka maʻi bladder hiki i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

• Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka hopena hope loa ke komo i ka loli a me ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae a i ʻole nā ​​lima.

• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (ʻike) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i loko o ka puhā.

Hakuʻala

Hoʻonui kekahi mau ʻano chemotherapy i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka hakuʻala.

ʻO ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e hoʻopili i ka puʻupaʻa e hoʻonui ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Chemotherapy me cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, a me methotrexate.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i ka ʻōpū a i waena paha o ke kua.

• Ke ʻoki kino e hoʻoneʻe i kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole āpau paha o kahi kākiho.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hopena o nā hopena hopena o ke kōkō ma nā mea pakele o ka maʻi ʻōpio i mālama ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, a me / a i ʻole radiation radiation.

Hiki i ka mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena o ka hakuʻala:

• Loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā puʻupaʻa ʻelua.

• Ke loaʻa nei i kahi maʻi kūpilikiʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o nā pilikia ʻōpū, e like me Denys-Drash syndrome a i ʻole WAGR

• Mālama ʻia me nā ʻano ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e hoʻopili i ka puʻupaʻa e hoʻonā i kekahi pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Poino i nā ʻāpana o ka puʻupaʻa e kānana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko.

• ʻO ka hōʻino i nā ʻāpana o ka puʻupaʻa e hemo i ka wai keu mai ke koko.

• ʻO ka nalowale o nā electrolytes, e like me ka magnesium, calcium, a potassium paha, mai ke kino.

• Hypertension (kiʻekiʻe ke koko kiʻekiʻe).

Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ke kīʻaha hopena hopena e komo pū me nā pilikia mimi a me ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae a i ʻole nā ​​lima

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hopena ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa hopena hopena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• Ke manaʻo nei i ka pono o ka mimiki me ka hiki ʻole ke hana pēlā.

• ʻO ka urination pinepine (ʻoi loa i ka pō).

• Pilikia urinary.

• Luhi nui loa.

• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, nā wāwae, ka maka, a i ʻole nā ​​lima.

• ʻIli ʻili.

• Nausea a i ʻole ka luaʻi.

• ʻO kahi mea like me ka hao i ka waha a i ʻole ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole.

• ʻEha poʻo.

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha i nā wā mua. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona e like me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka manawa. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (loaʻa) a hōʻoia i nā pilikia olakino i ka puʻupaʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena o ke kākā.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Ke aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea, e like me ka magnesium, calcium, a me ka potassium, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aku a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea i hōʻailona paha i ka maʻi puʻupaʻa.

• ʻO Urinalysis: kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i ke kala o ka mimi a me nā mea o loko, e like me ke kō, protein, ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻula koko keʻokeʻo.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻola, e like me ka puʻupaʻa, a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka no kāu keiki e pono ai i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o nā hopena hope o ka hakuʻala. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

ʻO nā ʻano olakino e hāpai i nā puʻupaʻa olakino he mea nui ia no ka poʻe i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi.

ʻO nā mea i pakele i ka maʻi ʻaʻa ʻōpio nāna i lawe a pau a ʻāpana paha o kā lākou hakuʻala e kamaʻilio me kā lākou kauka e pili ana i kēia mau mea:

• He palekana paha ke pāʻani i nā haʻuki i loaʻa i kahi makaʻu nui o ka pili kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopena e like me ka pīpeka a i ʻole ka hockey.

• Ka palekana i ke kaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻeha o ka paʻa lima.

• Ke kau nei i ka seatbelt a puni nā pūhaka, ʻaʻole ka pūhaka.

ʻAdmiʻi

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka wahi pelvic a me kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka maʻi bladder.

Hoʻonui ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka bladder ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke keʻoki hana e wehe i nā mea āpau a i ʻole ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻOki kino i ka pelvis, iwi kuamoʻo, a i ʻole ka lolo.

• Kekahi ʻano o ka chemotherapy, e like me cyclophosphamide a i ʻole ifosfamide.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i nā wahi kokoke i ka puhā, pelvis, a i ʻole ka urinary tract.

• Ke kuʻi ʻōnaʻi ʻōnaeho.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka maʻi bladder hiki i kekahi mau pilikia olakino.

Nā hopena hopena o ka ʻōpū a me nā pilikia olakino e pili pū ana me kēia:

• Hemorrhagic cystitis (pehu o ka loko o ka pā o ka maʻi ʻaʻa, e hiki ai i ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe).

• Ka mānoanoa o ka paia bladder.

• Hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻai.

• Hoʻomau ʻole.

• A blockage i loko o ka puʻupaʻa, ureter, bladder, a i ʻole urethra.

• ʻO ka maʻi urinary tract (maʻi mau).

Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka hopena hope loa ke komo i ka loli a me ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae a i ʻole nā ​​lima.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hopena ʻia e ka maʻi bladder hopena a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe:

• Ke manaʻo nei i ka pono o ka mimiki me ka hiki ʻole ke hana pēlā.

• ʻO ka urination pinepine (ʻoi loa i ka pō).

• Pilikia urinary.

• ʻO ka manaʻo e like me ka ʻole o ka bladder ma kahi hope loa o ka urination.

• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā wāwae, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, nā wāwae, ka maka, a i ʻole nā ​​lima.

• Kāohi liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha.

• Koko i ka mimi.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu keiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike (ʻike) a ʻike i nā pilikia olakino i loko o ka puhā.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e ʻike ai ʻike ʻole i nā hopena o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• Ke aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea, e like me ka magnesium, calcium, a me ka potassium, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aku a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea i hōʻailona paha i nā pilikia o ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

• ʻO Urinalysis: kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i ke kala o ka mimi a me nā mea o loko, e like me ke kō, protein, ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻula koko keʻokeʻo.

• ʻO ka moʻomeheu mimi: kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā ai no ka bacteria, ka hū, a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe i ka mimi ke loaʻa nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi. Hiki i nā moʻomeheu mimi ke kōkua i ke ʻano o ka microorganism e hoʻomaka nei i kahi maʻi. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o microorganism e kumu nei i ka maʻi.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa o loko a i ʻole nā ​​kino, e like me ka pūpū, a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki no ka pono o kāu keiki e loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻa. Inā pono nā hoʻāʻo, e ʻike i ka manawa pinepine e hana ai.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i nā hopena hope o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā hopena hopena o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻa kamaliʻi, e ʻike i kēia:

• Nā Kuhi Alualu Kihi Lōʻihi no nā mea e pakele ai ke keiki, ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio.

• Papa Kuhikuhi hopena hopena o nā lawelaweExit Disclaimer

• Computers Tomography (CT) Scans a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

No ka ʻike hou aku i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kamaliʻi a me nā kumuwaiwai maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe mai ka National Cancer Institute, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• Nā maʻi ʻōpio

• Huli ʻo Cure no ka hōʻole ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻai keiki

• ʻO nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Nā keiki me ka maʻi ʻaʻai: He alakaʻi no nā mākua

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio

• Ke hoʻokū nei

• Ke kāohi nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• No nā mea ola a me nā mea mālama