Types/breast/patient/pregnancy-breast-treatment-pdq

Mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana

ʻIkepili Nui e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

• I kekahi manawa kū ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā wahine hāpai a hānau hānau paha.

• ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma me kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole hoʻololi i ka umauma.

• He paʻakikī paha e ʻike (loaʻa) ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​wahine hānai.

• Pono nā hoʻokolohua umauma ʻāpana o ka mālama prenatal a me ka mālama hope ʻana.

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

• Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

Hana ʻia ka umauma e nā lobes a me nā kōmi. ʻO kēlā me kēia umauma he 15 a 20 mau ʻāpana i kapa ʻia nā lobes. He mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ko kēlā me kēia ʻūlū i kapa ʻia nā lobule. Pau nā Lobules i nā kini o nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hana i ka waiū. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lobes, nā lobule, a me nā ʻōpuʻu e nā paipu lahilahi i kapa ʻia he mau duct.

Anatomi o ka umauma wahine. Hōʻike ʻia ka nipple a me ka areola ma waho o ka umauma. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā lymph node, lobes, lobules, ducts, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o loko o ka umauma.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia umauma nā kīʻaha koko a me nā kīʻaha lymph. Lawe nā kīʻaha lymph i kahi wai a aneane ʻole ke kala, wai i kapa ʻia he lymph. Hāpai nā moku Lymph i ka lymph ma waena o nā lymph node. Liʻiliʻi nā Lymph nodes, nā ʻano ʻano pēke i loaʻa i loko o ke kino. Kānana lākou i ka lymph a mālama i nā hunaola keokeo e kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i ka maʻi a me nā maʻi. Loaʻa nā hui o nā lymph node kokoke i ka umauma i ka axilla (ma lalo o ka lima), ma luna o ka iwi iwi, a ma ka umauma.

I kekahi manawa kū ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā wahine hāpai a hānau hānau paha.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma kahi o hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia 3,000 hāpai keiki. Kū pinepine ia i nā wahine mai 32 a 38 mau makahiki. Ma muli o ke koho ʻana o nā wahine he lohi e hana keiki, malia paha e māhuahua ka nui o nā hihia hou o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā hāpai.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma me kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole hoʻololi i ka umauma.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i kumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe. E hōʻoia me kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole mānoanoa i loko a kokoke paha i ka umauma a i ʻole ma ka wahi underarm.

• Hoʻololi i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka umauma.

• ʻO kahi dimple a i ʻole puckering i ka ʻili o ka umauma.

• Huli kahi nipple i loko o ka umauma.

• Fluid, ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka waiū umauma, mai ka nipple, keu hoʻi inā he koko.

• Pālehu, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ʻili i pehu ma ka umauma, nipple, a i ʻole areola (kahi ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a puni ka piko).

• ʻO nā Dimples i ka umauma e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻalani, i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange.

He paʻakikī paha e ʻike (loaʻa) ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​wahine hānai.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā umauma, palupalu, a puʻupuʻu paha i nā wahine hāpai, hānai, a i ʻole hānau hānau. Kūpono kēia ma muli o nā loli hormonone maʻamau e mālama ʻia i ka wā hāpai. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hana i nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi paʻakikī e ʻike. Hiki i ka umauma ke lilo i momona. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā wahine me nā umauma nui e hoʻohana ana i ka mammography. Ma muli o kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana o ka umauma hiki ke hoʻolohi i ka ʻike maʻi, loaʻa pinepine ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma kahi pae hope i kēia mau wahine.

Pono nā hoʻokolohua umauma ʻāpana o ka mālama prenatal a me ka mālama hope ʻana.

E ʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, pono e nānā nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine hānai i ko lākou umauma iho. Pono i nā wahine e loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi maʻi i kā lākou prenatal maʻamau a me nā postnatal check-up. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli i kou mau umauma āu e manaʻo ʻole ai a hopohopo paha iā ʻoe.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a me nā kaʻina hana aʻe:

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi (CBE): kahi hōʻike o ka umauma e ke kauka a i ʻole ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe. E ʻike pono ke kauka i ka umauma a ma lalo o nā lima no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻola a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• Mammogram: kahi x-ray o ka umauma. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi mammogram me ka makaʻu liʻiliʻi i ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia. Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā mammogram i nā wahine hāpai ʻoiai ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Mammography. Kaomi ʻia ka umauma ma waena o nā pā ʻelua. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X e paʻi i nā kiʻi o kaʻiʻo umauma.

• ʻO Biopsy: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā loaʻa kahi puʻupuʻu i ka umauma, hana ʻia kahi biopsy.

ʻEkolu ʻano o nā biopsies umauma:

• ʻO Biopsy kūikawā: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu āpau.

• ʻO Biopsy Core: Ka hemo ʻana o nā pūnaewele me ka nila ākea.

• ʻO ka biopsy aspiration maikaʻi-nila (FNA): Ka hemo ʻana o nā aʻa a i ʻole ka wai, e hoʻohana ana i kahi kui kele.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo a me nā makahiki o ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia. Hāʻawi nā hōʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i:

• Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Pehea paha e laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Pehea e holo pono ai kekahi mau ʻano hana.

• Pehea paha e ala hou ai ka maʻi ʻaʻa (hoʻi mai).

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• Hōʻike ʻoluʻolu ʻo Estrogen a me progesterone: kahi hōʻike e ana i ka nui o ka estrogen a me ka progesterone (hormones) nā mea loaʻa ma nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā he nui aku nā estrogen a i ʻole nā ​​progesterone receptor ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai he estrogen receptor positive a progesterone receptor positive paha. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa o ka umauma. Hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike inā mālama ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka estrogen a me ka progesterone i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o ka pēpē e hoʻopau paha i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻokolohua ulu 2 epidermal factor factor 2 receptor (HER2 / neu): He hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ana i ka nui o nā gen HER2 / neu a pehea ka nui o ka protein HER2 / neu i hana ʻia i kahi hāpana o kaʻiʻo. Inā he nui nā genes HER2 / neu a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiʻekiʻe o ka HER2 / neu protein ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa umauma a ʻoi aku paha ka palahalaha ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai me nā lāʻau i kuhi ʻia i ka protein HER2 / neu, e like me trastuzumab a me pertuzumab, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o ka pēpē.

• Nā hoʻāʻo Multigene: Nā hoʻāʻo e aʻo ʻia ai kahi laʻana o ke kiko e nānā i ka hana o nā gen he nui i ka manawa like. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ka wānana inā e pāhola ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a i ʻole hoʻi hou (hoʻi hou).

• Oncotype DX: Kōkua kēia ho'āʻo i ka wānana inā paha ʻo ka paukū umauma pae I a i ʻole pae II ʻo ia ka estrogen receptor maikaʻi a me ka node-maikaʻi ʻole e laha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka chemotherapy e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu.

• MammaPrint: ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi e nānā ai i ka hana o 70 mau genes ʻokoʻa i loko o kaʻiʻo kanulau o ka umauma o nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi i hele ʻole i nā lymph node a i pāhola ʻia i 3 a i ʻole nā ​​liʻiliʻi lymph. Kōkua ka pae hana o kēia mau ʻea i ka wānana inā e pāhola ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a hoʻi mai paha. Inā hōʻike ka hōʻike o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻi mai paha he kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka chemotherapy e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻi.

Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka wānana (loaʻa o ke ola) a me nā koho lapaʻau e pili i kēia:

• ʻO ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (ka nui o ka tumo a inā paha i ka umauma wale a i ʻole ua hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino).

• Ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Ka makahiki o ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

• Inā he hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha.

• ʻO ke olakino olakino o ka mea maʻi.

Nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

NA MANA KUNI

• Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

• Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e ʻike inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino i kapa ʻia he staging. ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoholo ai i ka pae o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ke kahua i mea e hoʻolālā ai i ka lāʻau.

Hōʻike kekahi mau kaʻina hana i ka pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā radiation hoʻomake a i ʻole nā ​​kala. Hana ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana inā pono. Hiki ke hana ʻia i kekahi mau hana e hōʻike ai i ka pēpē i hānau ʻia i kahi radiation liʻiliʻi loa e like me ka hiki, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pale pale i alakaʻi ʻia e uhi i ka ʻōpū.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana e kau ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā hāpai.

• ʻO ke kukui x: kahi x-ray o nā mea a me nā iwi i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• ʻImi iwi: kahi hana e nānā ai inā aia he wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hunaola, e like me nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, i ka iwi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea radioactive i loko o ke aa a hele i waena o ke kahe o ke koko. Hōʻiliʻili ka mea lekiō i nā iwi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻike ʻia e kahi scanner.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa o loko a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokena, e like me ke akepaʻa, a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, e like me ka lolo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI).

ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā meaola, ka ʻōnaehana lymph, a me ke koko.

• Kāpena. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ka ulu ʻana i nā wahi kokoke.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lymph. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha lymph i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Koko. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ke koko. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha koko i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, ua kapa ʻia ia ʻo metastasis. E haki nā hunaola maʻi 'aʻai mai kahi a lākou i hoʻomaka ai (ka tumo mua) a hele i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph a i ʻole ke koko.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Komo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha lymph, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• Koko. Komo ke kanesa i loko o ke koko, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha koko, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

ʻO ka tumo metastatic ka ʻano like o ke kanesa me ka tumo mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka iwi, ʻo nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka iwi he mau pūpū maʻi umauma. ʻO ka maʻi kanesa umauma metastatic, ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻa iwi.

I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

E hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa a hoʻomaopopo i kāu wānana, he mea nui ia e ʻike i ka pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Aia he 3 ʻano o nā pūʻulu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e hoʻonoho i kahi pae no nā mea maʻi āpau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala olakino, hoʻāʻo kino, nā hōʻike kiʻi (inā hana ʻia), a me nā biopsies. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka maʻi tumo, a me ke kūlana biomarker (ER, PR, HER2). I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, hoʻohana ʻia ka mammography a i ʻole ultrasound e nānā i nā lymph nodes no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological no nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka ʻokiʻoki e like me kā lākou lapaʻau mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological ma luna o nā ʻike pili kino āpau, ke kūlana biomarker, a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai nā kiko o ka umauma a me nā lymph i lawe ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki.

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i ka nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i nā ʻāpana o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka hoʻokolohua biomarker. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, wehewehe ka ʻōnaehana TNM i ka tum tum e like me kēia:

Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

Ana ʻia ka nui o nā tumor i ka millimeter (mm) a i ʻole nā ​​kenimika. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka nui o ka tumo i mm me: kahi kiko penikalaʻoiʻoi (1 mm), kahi kiko crayon hou (2 mm), kahi holoi peni-luna (5 mm), kahi pea (10 mm), a peanut (20 mm), a me kahi lime (50 mm).

• TX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i ka tumo mua.

• T0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o kahi tumo mua i ka umauma.

• ʻO Tis: Carcinoma ma kahi. Aia he 2 ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma ma kahi:

• Tis (DCIS): ʻO DCIS kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i ka uhi o ka aʻa o ka umauma. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha nā hunaola ʻē ma waho o ke kahena i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka umauma. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka DCIS ke lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive i hiki ke pālahalaha aku i nā aʻa ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ala e ʻike ai i nā liona hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻouka.

• Tis (maʻi Paget): ʻO ka maʻi Paget o ka nipple kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i nā huna o ka ʻili o ka nipple a e laha paha i ka areola. ʻAʻole hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi Paget a me kahi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e hoʻokumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi.

• T1: ʻO ka tumo he 20 millimeter a ʻoi aku paha. Aia nā subtypes 4 o kahi tumo T1 ma muli o ka nui o ka tumo:

• T1mi: ʻo ka tumo he 1 millimeter a ʻoi iki paha.

• T1a: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 1 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5 millimeter.

• T1b: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 5 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 10 millimeter.

• T1c: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 10 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 20 millimeter.

• T2: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 20 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T3: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T4: wehewehe ʻia ka tumo ma ke ʻano o kekahi o kēia:

• T4a: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia umauma.

• T4b: ua ulu ka tumo i loko o ka ʻili - ua hana ʻia kahi ulcer ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka umauma, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā nodule liʻiliʻi i loko o ka umauma hoʻokahi e like me ka tumo mua, a / a i ʻole ka pehu o ka ʻili ma ka umauma. .

• T4c: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia o ka umauma a me ka ʻili.

• T4d: ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻūhū hoʻāhu - he ʻulaʻekolu a ʻoi paha o ka ʻili ma ka umauma i ʻulaʻula a pehu (i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange).

Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lymph nodes e ke ʻoki a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist, hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua pathologic e wehewehe i nā lymph nodes. Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina pathologic o nā lymph nodes ma lalo.

• NX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i nā lymph nodes.

• N0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, a i ʻole nā ​​hui liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter i nā lymph node.

• N1: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N1mi: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node axillary (armpit area) a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N1a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N1b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā aka lymph axillary.

• N1c: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel i nā lymph node kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

• N2: Ua wehewehe ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N2a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N2b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā lymph node axillary e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel a i ʻole dissection lymph node.

• N3: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N3a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 10 a ʻoi mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter, a i ʻole ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma lalo o ka iwi iwi.

• N3b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi;

a i ʻole

ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a 9 paha mau lymph node axillary a me ke kanesa ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi o nā lymph node ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel.

• N3c: ua hohola ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma luna o ka iwi iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

Ke nānā ʻia nā lymph nodes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mammography a i ʻole ke ultrasound, ua kapa ʻia ia he kahua hoʻokolohua. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ʻana o nā lymph nodes ma aneʻi.

ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻana i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M1: Ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, pinepine ka iwi, ka mumū, ka ate, a me ka lolo. Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph mamao, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph nodes ma mua o 0.2 millimeter. Kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana māka i kahi tumo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻole ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā mea maʻa ma lalo o kahi microscope a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū haʻahaʻa e like me ke ʻano o nā hunaola maʻamau a ulu a laha aʻe ma mua o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai kiʻekiʻe. E wehewehe i ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā ʻaʻa, e nānā ka pathologist i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu:

• Ehia nā aʻa o ka tumo i loaʻa i nā kī o ka umauma maʻamau.

• Ka nui a me nā kinona o nā nukelea i nā hunaola tumola.

• Ehia mau ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale e kū nei, kahi ana o ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola tumora a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.

No kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona, hāʻawi ka pathologist i kahi helu o 1 i ka 3; ʻo ka helu "1" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nei nā hunaola a me nā ʻaʻa puʻupuʻu e like me nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā kikoʻī, a ʻo ka helu "3" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nā hunaola a me nā kiko i nā mea maʻamau ʻole loa. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā mākia no kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona e kiʻi i nā helu helu ma waena o 3 a me 9.

Hiki ʻekolu mau māka:

• Ka helu piha o 3 a 5: G1 (Papa haʻahaʻa a i hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia).

• Ka helu piha o 6 a 7: G2 (Papa waena waena a i hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia paha).

• Ka helu piha o 8 a 9: G3 (Papa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ʻokoʻa hoʻokaʻawale ʻia).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

ʻO nā hunaola umauma olakino, a me kekahi o nā pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, loaʻa nā mea loaʻa (biomarkers) e hoʻopili i nā hormones estrogen a me progesterone. Pono kēia mau hormoni i nā hunaola olakino, a me kekahi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻaiuma, e ulu a māhele. No ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau meaolaola, lawe ʻia nā laʻana o nā kiko i piha i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kahi biopsy a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino. Hōʻaʻo ʻia nā laʻana i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka estrogen a i ʻole nā ​​mea loaʻa progesterone.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka receptor (biomarker) i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kapa ʻia ʻo HER2. Pono nā mea loaʻa HER2 no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ulu a māhele.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana biomarker e pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa Estrogen (ER). Inā loaʻa nā ʻepekema estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi (ER +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi ʻole (ER-).

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa iā Progesterone (PR). Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ka umauma i nā mea loaʻa progesterone, kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi (PR +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā progesterone i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi ʻole (PR-).

• ʻO ka mea ulu kanaka epidermal ulu ʻano 2 receptor (HER2 / neu a i ʻole HER2). Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma ma mua o ka nui o nā mea loaʻa o ka HER2 ma luna o ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi maʻi HER2 maikaʻi (HER2 +). Inā he nui ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o HER2 ma ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa HER2 maikaʻi ʻole (HER2-). ʻO ka HER2 + umauma kanesa ʻoi aku ka ulu a mahele wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o ka HER2- ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

I kekahi manawa e wehewehe ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole a he ʻekolu paha maikaʻi.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, nā mea loaʻa progesterone, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi. Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola umauma umauma nā estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, a me ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻekolu.

He mea nui ia e ʻike i ka receptor estrogen, receptor progesterone, a me ke kūlana receptor HER2 e koho i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻōki i nā mea loaʻa mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hormones estrogen a me ka progesterone a hoʻokū i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ulu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ālai i nā mea loaʻa HER2 ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻopau i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Eia nā laʻana 3 e hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana mākia, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi kanesa umauma Pathological Prognostic no kahi wahine nona ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua.

Inā 30 milimita (T2) ka nui o ka tumo, ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node kokoke (N0), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao mamao o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IIA.

Inā he 53 milimita (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pāhola ʻia i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph (N2), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 2

• HER2 +

• ER +

• PR-

ʻO ka tumo ka pae IIIA.

Inā 65 milimika (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pālahalaha ʻia i 3 axillary lymph nodes (N1a), ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā ake māmā (M1), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IV (ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic).

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

Ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e loaʻa i kāu kauka i kahi hōʻike pathology e wehewehe ana i ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke, ka maʻi tumo, a inā paha aia kekahi mau biomarkers. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻike pathology a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo ai i kāu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Nui paha kāu mau nīnau. E noi i kāu kauka e wehewehe pehea e hoʻohana ai i ke kahua e hoʻoholo ai i nā koho maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i kāu maʻi ʻaʻai a inā aia paha nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e kūpono paha nāu.

Laulā Manaʻo Option Oponopono

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO nā koho lapaʻau no nā wahine hāpai e pili i ke kahua o ka maʻi a me nā makahiki o ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu ʻano o ka mālama maʻamau.

• ʻOki kino

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻO Chemotherapy

• ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa o ke ola o ka makuahine.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

ʻO nā koho lapaʻau no nā wahine hāpai e pili i ke kahua o ka maʻi a me nā makahiki o ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu ʻano o ka mālama maʻamau.

ʻOki kino

ʻO ka hapanui o nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ʻoki ʻia e wehe i ka umauma. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi o nā lymph node ma lalo o ka lima i hiki iā lākou ke nānā ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist no nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Nā ʻano o ke ʻoki e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e komo pū me:

• Hoʻololi i ka mastectomy radical: ʻoki e wehe i ka umauma holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka nui o nā lymph node ma lalo o ka lima, ka uhi ʻana ma nā mākia o ka umauma, a i kekahi manawa, ʻāpana o nā mākala o ka umauma. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻoki ka mea maʻamau i nā wahine hāpai.

Hoʻohuli ʻia ka mastectomy radical. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i kahi e hemo ai ka umauma āpau a me kekahi mau lymph node. Hiki ke hemo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka mākala o ka umauma.

• ʻOki kino-mālama: ʻōpala e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me kekahi mau mea maʻamau a puni ia, akā ʻaʻole ka umauma iho. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka pale umauma inā kokoke ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano o ke kaha ʻana he lumpectomy, mastectomy hapa, mastectomy segmental, quadrantectomy, a me kahi ʻoki hōʻoki umauma.

ʻOki kino mālama ʻōhua. Lawe ʻia ka tumo a me kekahi mau mea maʻamau a puni ia, akā ʻaʻole ka umauma ponoʻī. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi mau lymph node ma lalo o ka lima. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka pale umauma inā kokoke ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ke kauka i nā maʻi ʻaʻai āpau i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka manawa o ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau mea maʻi ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation therapy ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻea i koe. No nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma mua, hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy a me ka hoʻōla hormonona ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē Lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu e hoʻi mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo adjuvant therapy.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

ʻO ka radiation radiation kahi lāʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā kukuna x nui ikaika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano radiation e hoʻomake i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a mālama ʻole paha i ka ulu ʻana. ʻElua ʻano o radiation radiation:

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation kūwaho i kahi mīkini ma waho o ke kino e hoʻouna i ka radiation i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i loko i kahi lāʻau radioactive i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā nila, nā hua, nā uea, a i ʻole nā ​​catheters i kau pololei ʻia i loko a kokoke paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka radiation radiation i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation kūwaho i nā wahine hāpai me ka pae mua (pae I a i ʻole II) ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahine me ka pae hope (pae III a i ʻole IV) i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o waho ma waho o ka radiation radiation ma hope o nā mahina 3 mua o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole, inā hiki, hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka radiation radiation a hiki i ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau e hōʻoki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ma ka luku ʻana paha i nā hunaola a i ʻole ke kū ʻana i nā hunaola mai ka hoʻokaʻawale Ke lawe ʻia ka chemotherapy e ka waha a i ʻole injected i loko o kahi aa koko a i ʻole nā ​​mākala, komo nā lāʻau i ke kahe o ke koko a hiki ke kiʻi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpio i loko o ke kino (chemotherapy ʻōnaehana). Ke waiho pololei ʻia ka chemotherapy i loko o ka wai cerebrospinal, kahi hui, a i ʻole ke kino o ke kino e like me ka ʻōpū, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea nui e hoʻopili i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i kēlā mau wahi (chemotherapy āpau).

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka chemotherapy i ka ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka chemotherapy ʻōnaehana e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā hāpai.

ʻAʻole hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy i nā mahina 3 mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Hāʻawi ka Chemotherapy ma hope o kēia manawa ʻaʻole hana ʻino i ka pēpē i hānau ʻia akā hiki ke kumu i ka hana mua a i ʻole ke kaumaha o ka hānau haʻahaʻa.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa o ke ola o ka makuahine.

Ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana o ka makuahine hiki ʻole ke ola, ʻaʻole ia he maʻamau maʻamau.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena i hopena ʻia e ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e ʻike i kā mākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana

Ma keia Pauku

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū mua

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hope loa

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū mua

ʻO nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma pae mua (pae I a me ka pae II) mālama pinepine ʻia e like me nā maʻi i hāpai ʻole, me nā hoʻololi e pale ai i ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hana penei:

• Hoʻololi ʻia ka mastectomy radical, inā ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana.

• ʻOki-mālama mālama ʻōpū, inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.

• Hoʻololi i ka mastectomy radical a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka pale umauma i ka wā hāpai. Ma hope o nā mahina 3 mua o ka hāpai ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia kekahi ʻano chemotherapy ma mua a ma hope paha o ke kaha ʻana.

ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka Hormone therapy a me trastuzumab i ka wā hāpai.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hope loa

ʻAʻohe mālama maʻamau no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma hope loa (pae III a i ʻole pae IV) i ka wā hāpai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hana penei:

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala.

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation a me ka chemotherapy i nā mahina 3 mua o ka hāpai ʻana.

Nā pilikia kūikawā e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana

NA MANA KUNI

• Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka lactation (ka hana ʻana i ka waiū umauma) a me ka hānai ʻana i ka hānai inā hana ʻia kahi ʻoki a chemotherapy paha.

• ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e hōʻeha i ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

• ʻAʻole pili ka hāpai ʻana i ke ola o nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ma mua.

Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka lactation (ka hana ʻana i ka waiū umauma) a me ka hānai ʻana i ka hānai inā hana ʻia kahi ʻoki a chemotherapy paha.

Inā hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaha ʻana, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū e hōʻemi i ke kahe o ke koko i nā umauma a hoʻoliʻiliʻi. Nui nā lāʻau chemotherapy, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo cyclophosphamide a me methotrexate, i kū i nā pae kiʻekiʻe i ka waiū umauma a hōʻino paha i ka pēpē hānai. ʻAʻole pono nā wahine e loaʻa ana i ka chemotherapy i ka hānai umauma.

ʻO ka kū ʻana i ka lactation ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wānana a ka makuahine.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e hōʻeha i ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

ʻAʻole hele aku nā pūnaewele maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka makuahine a hiki i ka pēpē i hānau ʻole ʻia.

ʻAʻole pili ka hāpai ʻana i ke ola o nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ma mua.

No nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, ʻaʻole pili ka hāpai ʻana i ko lākou ola. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo aku kekahi mau kauka e kali ka wahine i 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa kahi pēpē, i ʻike ʻia ka hoʻi mua ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻopili paha kēia i ka hoʻoholo a ka wahine e hāpai. ʻAʻole pili ka pēpē hānau inā loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi umauma i ka makuahine.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana

No ka ʻike hou aku mai ka National Cancer Institute e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā hāpai, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻAoʻao Home Kanaka Maʻi

• Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Ke nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Nā koho ʻoki kino no nā wahine me DCIS a i ʻole Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Nā umauma nui: nā pane i nā nīnau maʻamau

• Ua ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai

No ka ʻike ākea maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe mai ka National Cancer Institute, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• E pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke hoʻokū nei

• ʻO Chemotherapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Radiation Therapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke kāohi nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• No nā mea ola a me nā mea mālama