Types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

Paʻi Hoʻohuli Kanaka Maʻi Kanaka

ʻO ka ʻike ākea e pili ana i ka maʻi hānai kāne

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kāne kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ke kāne i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kanesa umauma kāne i kekahi manawa e ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻohana (nā hoʻololi).

• ʻO nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma he mau puʻupuʻu hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā kāne.

• Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO ke ola ʻana no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka mea like me ke ola no nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kāne kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā hana maʻamau ia i nā kāne ma waena o 60 a me 70 mau makahiki. Hana ka maʻi ʻaʻai kāne kāne ma lalo o 1% o nā hihia āpau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Loaʻa nā ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne:

• Infiltrating ductal carcinoma: Ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pālahalaha ʻia ma ʻō aku o nā aʻa o ka ʻili lining i ka umauma. ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne.

• Ka maʻi kanesa o ke kuamoʻo ma kahi e loaʻa ai: nā hunaola maʻamau i loaʻa i ka uhi o ke kuʻina; i kapa ʻia hoʻi he carcinoma intraductal.

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma nānawha: kahi ʻano o ke kanesa kahi e ʻulaʻula a pehu ai ka umauma a mehana.

• ʻO ka maʻi Paget o ka nipple: kahi tumo i ulu aʻe mai nā aʻa ma lalo o ka nipple i ka ʻili o ka piko.

Lobular carcinoma ma situ (nā hunaola ʻokoʻa i loaʻa i kekahi o nā lobes a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ka umauma), i kekahi manawa i nā wahine, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i nā kāne

Anatomi o ka umauma kāne. Hōʻike ʻia ka nipple a me ka areola ma waho o ka umauma. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā pūnana lymph, nā momona, nā aʻa, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o loko o ka umauma.

ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ke kāne i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻonui i kou makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia he kumu weliweli. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu e loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻaʻohe o nā kumu pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe ua makaʻu paha ʻoe. Hiki i nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana me ka radiation radiation i kou umauma / umauma.

• Loaʻa i kahi maʻi i pili i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka estrogen i ke kino, e like me cirrhosis (maʻi ate) a i ʻole Klinefelter Syndrome (kahi maʻi maʻi).

• Loaʻa i hoʻokahi aʻoi aku paha nā hoahānau wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Loaʻa nā hoʻololi (hoʻololi) i nā genes e like me BRCA2.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kanesa umauma kāne i kekahi manawa e ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻohana (nā hoʻololi).

Hāpai nā gen i nā pūnaewele i ka ʻike hoʻoilina i loaʻa mai nā mākua o ke kanaka. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hoʻoilina he 5% a 10% o nā maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO kekahi mau genet mutated e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e like me BRCA2, ʻike pinepine ʻia i kekahi mau lāhui. ʻO nā kāne i loaʻa kahi moʻo mutated e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o kēia maʻi.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻāʻo e hiki ai ke ʻike (loaʻa) nā genes i hoʻololi ʻia. Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua genetika i kekahi manawa no nā lālā o nā ʻohana me ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. E ʻike i nā hōʻuluʻulu aʻe no ka ʻike hou aku:

• Nā genetics o ka umauma a me nā ʻōpala Gynecologic

• Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Ke nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

ʻO nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma he mau puʻupuʻu hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

ʻO nā lumps a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i kumu ʻia e ka umauma umauma kāne a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ʻē aʻe. E hōʻoia me kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole mānoanoa i loko a kokoke paha i ka umauma a i ʻole ma ka wahi underarm.

• Hoʻololi i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka umauma.

• ʻO kahi dimple a i ʻole puckering i ka ʻili o ka umauma.

• Huli kahi nipple i loko o ka umauma.

• Fluid mai ka nipple, keu hoʻi inā he koko.

• Pālehu, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ʻili i pehu ma ka umauma, nipple, a i ʻole areola (kahi ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a puni ka piko).

• ʻO nā Dimples i ka umauma e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻalani, i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā kāne.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a me nā kaʻina hana aʻe:

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi (CBE): kahi hōʻike o ka umauma e ke kauka a i ʻole ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe. E ʻike pono ke kauka i ka umauma a ma lalo o nā lima no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē.

Mammogram: kahi x-ray o ka umauma.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻola a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• MRI (kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki): kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i kahi o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā umauma ʻelua. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI).

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• ʻO Biopsy: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻEhā ʻano o nā biopsies e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma:

• ʻO Biopsy kūikawā: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu āpau.

• ʻO Biopsy Incisional: ka hemo ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole kahi laʻana o nā meaola.

• ʻO Biopsy Core: Ka hemo ʻana o nā pūnaewele me ka nila ākea.

• ʻO ka biopsy aspiration maikaʻi-nila (FNA): Ka hemo ʻana o nā aʻa a i ʻole ka wai e hoʻohana ana i ka nila kuina.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Hāʻawi nā hōʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i:

• Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Pehea paha e laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• Pehea e holo pono ai kekahi mau ʻano hana.

• Pehea paha e ala hou ai ka maʻi ʻaʻa (hoʻi mai).

Hoʻopili nā hōʻike i kēia mau mea:

• Hōʻike ʻoluʻolu ʻo Estrogen a me progesterone: kahi hōʻike e ana i ka nui o ka estrogen a me ka progesterone (hormones) nā mea loaʻa ma nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā estrogen a me nā mea loaʻa progesterone ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaukā he estrogen a me / a progesterone receptor maikaʻi. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa o ka umauma. Hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike inā paha ʻo ka mālama ʻana e pale i ka estrogen a me ka progesterone e hōʻoki paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ulu ʻana.

• Hōʻike HER2: kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ana i ka nui o nā genes HER2 / neu a pehea ka nui o ka protein HER2 / neu i hana ʻia i kahi hāpana o kaʻiʻo. Inā he nui nā genes HER2 / neu a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiʻekiʻe o ka HER2 / neu protein ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa umauma a ʻoi aku paha ka palahalaha ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai me nā lāʻau i kuhi ʻia i ka protein HER2 / neu, e like me trastuzumab a me pertuzumab.

ʻO ke ola ʻana no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka mea like me ke ola no nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO ke ola ʻana no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka mea like me kēlā me nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ke like ka wā o kā lākou pae ma ka diagnose. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne, akā, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma kahi pae hope. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma kahi pae hope e hoʻōla ʻia ai.

Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka wānana (loaʻa o ke ola) a me nā koho lapaʻau e pili i kēia:

• ʻO ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (ka nui o ka tumo a inā ʻo ka umauma wale nō ia a i ʻole pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻē aʻe i ke kino).

• Ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Nā pae Estrogen-receptor a me nā progesterone-receptor i loko o kaʻiʻo tumora.

• Loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka umauma ʻē aʻe.

• Ka makahiki o ke kāne a me ke olakino laulā.

• Inā ua hōʻoia wale ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ua hoʻi hou (hoʻi.

Nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai male kāne

NA MANA KUNI

• Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

• Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kāne kāne hilinaʻi ʻē aʻe i ke kahua o ka maʻi.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ke keʻehi ʻana. ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoholo ai i ka pae o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ke kahua i mea e hoʻolālā ai i ka lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho like ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma nā kāne e like me ia i nā wahine. ʻO ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka umauma a i nā lymph node a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e like me ke ʻano like me nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe a me nā kaʻina hana i ke kaʻina hoʻonohonoho:

• ʻO ka biopsy lymph node Sentinel: ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lymph node sentinel i ke kau ʻana. ʻO ka lymph node sentinel ka lua o nā lymph node ma kahi hui o nā lymph node e loaʻa ai ka hoʻoheheʻe lymphatic mai ka tumo mua. ʻO ia ka pūnana lymph mua e laha aku ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai a ka tumo mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea lekiō a me / a i ʻole ke kala polū ma kahi kokoke i ka tumo. Kahe ka mea a kala paha ma o nā kahena lymph i nā lymph node. Lawe ʻia ka pona lymph mua e loaʻa ai ka waiwai a kala paha. ʻIke kahi pathologist i ke kiko ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole pono paha e hemo i nā pūnana lymph. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa kahi lymph node sentinel i kahi ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi hui o nā aka.

• ʻO ke kukui x: kahi x-ray o nā mea a me nā iwi i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Kahi hana e hana ai i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi e kahi kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini x-ray. Hoʻokomo ʻia paha ke kala i loko o ke aa a i ʻole ale ʻia e kōkua i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​kino i hōʻike hou aku me ka maopopo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he tomography i helu ʻia, kamepiula tomography, a i ʻole he tomography axial computerized.

• ʻImi iwi: kahi hana e nānā ai inā aia he wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hunaola, e like me nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, i ka iwi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea radioactive i loko o ke aa a hele i waena o ke kahe o ke koko. Hōʻiliʻili ka mea lekiō i nā iwi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻike ʻia e kahi scanner.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): kahi hana e loaʻa ai nā puʻupuʻu tumo malignant i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka glucose radioactive (kō) i loko o kahi aa koko. Hoʻopili ka scanner PET a puni ke kino a hana i kahi kiʻi o kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka glucose i ke kino. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā hunaola tumo ma ke kiʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hana a lawe i ka glucose ma mua o ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola maʻamau.

ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā meaola, ka ʻōnaehana lymph, a me ke koko.

• Kāpena. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ka ulu ʻana i nā wahi kokoke.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lymph. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha lymph i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Koko. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ke koko. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha koko i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, ua kapa ʻia ia ʻo metastasis. E haki nā hunaola maʻi 'aʻai mai kahi a lākou i hoʻomaka ai (ka tumo mua) a hele i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph a i ʻole ke koko.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Komo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha lymph, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• Koko. Komo ke kanesa i loko o ke koko, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha koko, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

ʻO ka tumo metastatic ka ʻano like o ke kanesa me ka tumo mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka iwi, ʻo nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka iwi he mau pūpū maʻi umauma. ʻO ka maʻi kanesa umauma metastatic, ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻa iwi.

I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

E hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa a hoʻomaopopo i kāu wānana, he mea nui ia e ʻike i ka pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Aia he 3 ʻano o nā pūʻulu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e hoʻonoho i kahi pae no nā mea maʻi āpau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala olakino, hoʻāʻo kino, nā hōʻike kiʻi (inā hana ʻia), a me nā biopsies. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka maʻi tumo, a me ke kūlana biomarker (ER, PR, HER2). I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, hoʻohana ʻia ka mammography a i ʻole ultrasound e nānā i nā lymph nodes no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological no nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka ʻokiʻoki e like me kā lākou lapaʻau mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological ma luna o nā ʻike pili kino āpau, ke kūlana biomarker, a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai nā kiko o ka umauma a me nā lymph i lawe ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki.

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i ka nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i nā ʻāpana o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka hoʻokolohua biomarker. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, wehewehe ka ʻōnaehana TNM i ka tum tum e like me kēia:

Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

Ana ʻia ka nui o nā tumor i ka millimeter (mm) a i ʻole nā ​​kenimika. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka nui o ka tumo i mm me: kahi kiko penikalaʻoiʻoi (1 mm), kahi kiko crayon hou (2 mm), kahi holoi peni-luna (5 mm), kahi pea (10 mm), a peanut (20 mm), a me kahi lime (50 mm).

• TX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i ka tumo mua.

• T0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o kahi tumo mua i ka umauma.

• ʻO Tis: Carcinoma ma kahi. Aia he 2 ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma ma kahi:

• Tis (DCIS): ʻO DCIS kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i ka uhi o ka aʻa o ka umauma. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha nā hunaola ʻē ma waho o ke kahena i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka umauma. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka DCIS ke lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive i hiki ke pālahalaha aku i nā aʻa ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ala e ʻike ai i nā liona hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻouka.

• Tis (maʻi Paget): ʻO ka maʻi Paget o ka nipple kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i nā huna o ka ʻili o ka nipple a e laha paha i ka areola. ʻAʻole hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi Paget a me kahi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e hoʻokumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi.

• T1: ʻO ka tumo he 20 millimeter a ʻoi aku paha. Aia nā subtypes 4 o kahi tumo T1 ma muli o ka nui o ka tumo:

• T1mi: ʻo ka tumo he 1 millimeter a ʻoi iki paha.

• T1a: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 1 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5 millimeter.

• T1b: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 5 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 10 millimeter.

• T1c: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 10 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 20 millimeter.

• T2: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 20 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T3: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T4: wehewehe ʻia ka tumo ma ke ʻano o kekahi o kēia:

• T4a: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia umauma.

• T4b: ua ulu ka tumo i loko o ka ʻili - ua hana ʻia kahi ulcer ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka umauma, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā nodule liʻiliʻi i loko o ka umauma hoʻokahi e like me ka tumo mua, a / a i ʻole ka pehu o ka ʻili ma ka umauma. .

• T4c: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia o ka umauma a me ka ʻili.

• T4d: ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻūhū hoʻāhu - he ʻulaʻekolu a ʻoi paha o ka ʻili ma ka umauma i ʻulaʻula a pehu (i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange).

Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lymph nodes e ke ʻoki a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist, hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua pathologic e wehewehe i nā lymph nodes. Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina pathologic o nā lymph nodes ma lalo.

• NX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i nā lymph nodes.

• N0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, a i ʻole nā ​​hui liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter i nā lymph node.

• N1: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N1mi: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node axillary (armpit area) a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N1a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N1b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā aka lymph axillary.

• N1c: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel i nā lymph node kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

• N2: Ua wehewehe ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N2a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

• N2b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā lymph node axillary e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel a i ʻole dissection lymph node.

• N3: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N3a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 10 a ʻoi mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter, a i ʻole ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma lalo o ka iwi iwi.

• N3b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi;

a i ʻole

ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a 9 paha mau lymph node axillary a me ke kanesa ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi o nā lymph node ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel.

• N3c: ua hohola ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma luna o ka iwi iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

Ke nānā ʻia nā lymph nodes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mammography a i ʻole ke ultrasound, ua kapa ʻia ia he kahua hoʻokolohua. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ʻana o nā lymph nodes ma aneʻi.

ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻana i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M1: Ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, pinepine ka iwi, ka mumū, ka ate, a me ka lolo. Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph mamao, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph nodes ma mua o 0.2 millimeter.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana māka i kahi tumo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻole ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā mea maʻa ma lalo o kahi microscope a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū haʻahaʻa e like me ke ʻano o nā hunaola maʻamau a ulu a laha aʻe ma mua o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai kiʻekiʻe. E wehewehe i ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā ʻaʻa, e nānā ka pathologist i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu:

• Ehia nā aʻa o ka tumo i loaʻa i nā kī o ka umauma maʻamau.

• Ka nui a me nā kinona o nā nukelea i nā hunaola tumola.

• Ehia mau ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale e kū nei, kahi ana o ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola tumora a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.

No kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona, hāʻawi ka pathologist i kahi helu o 1 i ka 3; ʻo ka helu "1" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nei nā hunaola a me nā ʻaʻa puʻupuʻu e like me nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā kikoʻī, a ʻo ka helu "3" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nā hunaola a me nā kiko i nā mea maʻamau ʻole loa. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā mākia no kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona e kiʻi i nā helu helu ma waena o 3 a me 9.

Hiki ʻekolu mau māka:

• Ka helu piha o 3 a 5: G1 (Papa haʻahaʻa a i hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia).

• Ka helu piha o 6 a 7: G2 (Papa waena waena a i hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia paha).

• Ka helu piha o 8 a 9: G3 (Papa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ʻokoʻa hoʻokaʻawale ʻia).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

ʻO nā hunaola umauma olakino, a me kekahi o nā pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, loaʻa nā mea loaʻa (biomarkers) e hoʻopili i nā hormones estrogen a me progesterone. Pono kēia mau hormoni i nā hunaola olakino, a me kekahi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻaiuma, e ulu a māhele. No ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau meaolaola, lawe ʻia nā laʻana o nā kiko i piha i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kahi biopsy a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino. Hōʻaʻo ʻia nā laʻana i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka estrogen a i ʻole nā ​​mea loaʻa progesterone.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka receptor (biomarker) i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kapa ʻia ʻo HER2. Pono nā mea loaʻa HER2 no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ulu a māhele.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana biomarker e pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa Estrogen (ER). Inā loaʻa nā ʻepekema estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi (ER +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi ʻole (ER-).

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa iā Progesterone (PR). Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ka umauma i nā mea loaʻa progesterone, kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi (PR +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā progesterone i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi ʻole (PR-).

• ʻO ka mea ulu kanaka epidermal ulu ʻano 2 receptor (HER2 / neu a i ʻole HER2). Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma ma mua o ka nui o nā mea loaʻa o ka HER2 ma luna o ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi maʻi HER2 maikaʻi (HER2 +). Inā he nui ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o HER2 ma ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa HER2 maikaʻi ʻole (HER2-). ʻO ka HER2 + umauma kanesa ʻoi aku ka ulu a mahele wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o ka HER2- ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

I kekahi manawa e wehewehe ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole a he ʻekolu paha maikaʻi.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, nā mea loaʻa progesterone, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi. Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola umauma umauma nā estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, a me ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻekolu.

He mea nui ia e ʻike i ka receptor estrogen, receptor progesterone, a me ke kūlana receptor HER2 e koho i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻōki i nā mea loaʻa mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hormones estrogen a me ka progesterone a hoʻokū i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ulu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ālai i nā mea loaʻa HER2 ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻopau i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Eia nā laʻana 3 e hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana mākia, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi kanesa umauma Pathological Prognostic no kahi wahine nona ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua.

Inā 30 milimita (T2) ka nui o ka tumo, ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node kokoke (N0), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao mamao o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IIA.

Inā he 53 milimita (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pāhola ʻia i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph (N2), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 2

• HER2 +

• ER +

• PR-

ʻO ka tumo ka pae IIIA.

Inā 65 milimika (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pālahalaha ʻia i 3 axillary lymph nodes (N1a), ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā ake māmā (M1), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IV.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

Ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e loaʻa i kāu kauka i kahi hōʻike pathology e wehewehe ana i ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke, ka maʻi tumo, a inā paha aia kekahi mau biomarkers. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻike pathology a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo ai i kāu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Nui paha kāu mau nīnau. E noi i kāu kauka e wehewehe pehea e hoʻohana ai i ke kahua e hoʻoholo ai i nā koho maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i kāu maʻi ʻaʻai a inā aia paha nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e kūpono paha nāu.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa kāne kāne hilinaʻi ʻē aʻe i ke kahua o ka maʻi.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka pae I, pae II, pae IIIA, a me ka maʻi ʻāpē IIIC i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e ʻike i ke Kanaka Maʻalahi / Lokomaikaʻi ʻia.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi hou ma kahi o kahi i hoʻokumu mua ʻia ai, e ʻike iā Locoregional Recurrent Male Breast Cancer.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae ʻehā a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i hoʻi hou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai Metastatic umauma i nā kāne.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma huhū kāne kāne

I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kuni, ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka ʻili o ka umauma a me ka nānā ʻana o ka umauma ʻulaʻula a pehu a ʻano mahana. Hana ka ʻulaʻula a me ka mehana no ka mea ke ālai nā hunaola maʻi ʻula i nā kīʻaha lymph i ka ʻili. Hiki i ka ʻili o ka umauma ke hōʻike i ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange (e like me ka ʻili o ka alani). ʻAʻohe paha mau lumps i ka umauma i hiki ke ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma inflammatory ka pae IIIB, pae IIIC, a i ʻole pae IV.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kāne hou

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hou he maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi hou (hoʻi) ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana. E hoʻi paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka umauma, i ka paia o ka umauma, a i ʻole i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Laulā Manaʻo Option Oponopono

NA MANA KUNI

• Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ʻelima ʻano o ka hana maʻamau e mālama ai i nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• ʻOki kino

• ʻO Chemotherapy

• Hoʻoikaika Hormone

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• Pahuhopu kau ʻia

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kāne kāne ke kumu o nā hopena.

Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Loaʻa nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Kūlana maʻamau kekahi mau hōʻailona (ʻo ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa), a ʻo kekahi e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua lapaʻau kahi noiʻi noiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mālama ʻana i kēia manawa a i ʻole loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mālama hou no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi lapaʻau hou ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau, lilo paha ka lāʻau hou i ka lapaʻau maʻamau.

No kekahi mau mea maʻi, ke komo nei i ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ke koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa paha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana maʻamau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kau ʻia ma nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mua. ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau maʻamau a i ʻole i waena o nā mea mua i loaʻa kahi lāʻau hou.

ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nā ​​alakaʻi hoʻokolohua e alakaʻi i nā hoʻoponopono hou maikaʻi, pane pinepine lākou i nā nīnau nui a kōkua i ka neʻe i mua o ka noiʻi.

Hoʻopili wale kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka lapaʻau. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i nā mālama ʻana no ka poʻe maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo i nā ala hou e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka hoʻi hou ʻana (hoʻi ʻana) a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke mālama ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina. Loaʻa nā ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai ka pūnaewele NCI. Ke koho nei i ka lapaʻau maʻi maʻi kūpono kūpono loa ka hoʻoholo e pili pono i ka mea maʻi, ʻohana, a me ka hui mālama olakino.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻelima ʻano o ka hana maʻamau e mālama ai i nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

ʻOki kino

ʻO ke ʻoki kino no nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma he mastectomy radical i hoʻololi ʻia (ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka umauma, ka hapa nui o nā lymph node ma lalo o ka lima, ke kau ʻana ma luna o nā mākia o ka umauma, a i kekahi manawa he ʻāpana o nā mākala o ka umauma).

Hoʻohuli ʻia ka mastectomy radical. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i kahi e hemo ai ka umauma āpau a me kekahi mau lymph node. Hiki ke hemo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka mākala o ka umauma.

ʻO ke kāpili mālama ʻōpū, kahi hana e hemo ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai akā ʻaʻole ka umauma ponoʻī, hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hana ʻia kahi lumpectomy e hoʻoneʻe i ka tumo (lump) a me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea maʻamau a puni ia. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻea i koe.

ʻOki kino mālama ʻōhua. Hōʻike nā laina kiko i ka wahi i loaʻa i ka tumo i hoʻoneʻe ʻia a me kekahi o nā lymph node i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau e hōʻoki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ma ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola a i ʻole ke kāpae ʻana iā lākou mai ka hoʻokaʻawale. Ke lawe ʻia ka chemotherapy e ka waha a i ʻole injected i loko o kahi aa koko a i ʻole nā ​​mākala, komo nā lāʻau i ke kahe o ke koko a hiki ke kiʻi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpio i loko o ke kino (chemotherapy ʻōnaehana). Ke waiho pololei ʻia ka chemotherapy i loko o ka wai cerebrospinal, kahi hui, a i ʻole ke kino o ke kino e like me ka ʻōpū, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea nui e hoʻopili i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i kēlā mau wahi (chemotherapy āpau).

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka chemotherapy i ka ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka chemotherapy ʻōnaehana e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

ʻO ka Hormone therapy kahi lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoneʻe i nā homone a i ʻole ālai i kā lākou hana a kāpae i nā hunaola maʻi maʻi mai ka ulu ʻana. ʻO nā Hormones nā mea i hana ʻia e nā glands i loko o ke kino a hoʻolaha ʻia i ke kahe o ke koko. Hiki i kekahi mau hormoni ke hoʻoulu i kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i mau wahi kahi e hoʻopili ai nā homone (nā receptor), nā lāʻau, ke ʻoki ʻana, a i ʻole ka radiation therapy e hōʻemi ai i ka hana ʻana o nā hormoni a palaka paha iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana.

Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo Hormone therapy me tamoxifen i nā mea maʻi me ka estrogen-receptor a me ka progesterone-receptor maikaʻi umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic (maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino).

Hāʻawi ʻia ka Hormone therapy me kahi mea hōʻoki aromatase i kekahi mau kāne i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic. Hoʻoemi nā mea hoʻohālua ʻo Aromatase i ka estrogen o ke kino e ka pale ʻana i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo aromatase mai ka huli ʻana i androgen i estrogen. ʻO Anastrozole, letrozole, a me exemestane kekahi ʻano o nā mea kāohi aromatase.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Hormone therapy me kahi hormone-hoʻokuʻu i ka hormone (LHRH) i kekahi mau kāne i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic Hoʻopili nā agonists LHRH i ka pituitary gland, ka mea e kaohi i ka nui o ka testosterone i hana ʻia e nā testicle. I nā kāne e lawe nei i nā agonists LHRH, haʻi ka pituitary gland i nā testicle e hōʻemi i ka testosterone. ʻO Leuprolide a me goserelin kekahi ʻano o nā agonists LHRH.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormonone e like me megestrol acetate a i ʻole anti-estrogen therapy, e like me fulvestrant.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

ʻO ka radiation radiation kahi lāʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā kukuna x nui ikaika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano radiation e hoʻomake i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a mālama ʻole paha i ka ulu ʻana. ʻElua ʻano o radiation radiation:

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation kūwaho i kahi mīkini ma waho o ke kino e hoʻouna i ka radiation i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i loko i kahi lāʻau radioactive i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā nila, nā hua, nā uea, a i ʻole nā ​​catheters i kau pololei ʻia i loko a kokoke paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka radiation radiation i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation radiation kūwaho e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kāne kāne.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

ʻO ka therapy target kahi ʻano lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike a hoʻouka i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai me ka ʻole e hōʻeha i nā hunaola maʻamau. ʻO ka monoclonal antibody therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cyclin-depend kinase inhibitors, a me mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) nā mea pale i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Hoʻohana ka monoclonal antibody therapy i nā mea pale i hana ʻia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua mai kahi ʻano hoʻokahi o nā pūnaewele immune immune. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ʻino ke hoʻomaopopo i nā mea ma nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻamau e kōkua ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻopili nā mea ʻino i nā mea a pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ālai i ko lākou ulu ʻana, a i ʻole mālama iā lākou mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia nā antibodies Monoclonal e ka hoʻokomo. Hoʻohana wale ʻia lākou a i ʻole lawe i nā lāʻau, toxins, a i ʻole radioactive pono i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā monoclonal antibodies me ka chemotherapy ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy (lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai i ka makaʻu e hoʻi hou mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Nā ʻano o ka monoclonal antibody therapy me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Trastuzumab kahi antibody monoclonal e ālai i nā hopena o ka mea ulu ʻo HER2.

• ʻO Pertuzumab kahi antibody monoclonal i hui ʻia me trastuzumab a me chemotherapy e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• ʻO Ado-trastuzumab emtansine kahi monoclonal antibody i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi lāʻau anticancer. Kapa ʻia kēia he conjugate lāʻau hoʻoweliweli. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kāne me ka receptor hormone ka maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kāohi ʻo Tyrosine kinase i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hōʻailona e pono ai e ulu nā tumors. ʻO Lapatinib kahi mea kāohi kinetona tyrosine i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitors i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā proteins i kapa ʻia he kinases hilinaʻi ʻia ka cyclin, kahi e ulu ai nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO Palbociclib kahi mea kinase e hilinaʻi ana i ka cyclin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic.

ʻO ka pahuhopu mammalian o ka rapamycin (mTOR) mea pale i ka palaka i kahi protein i kapa ʻia mTOR, kahi e mālama ai i nā hunaola maʻi maʻi mai ka ulu ʻana a pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko e pono ai nā tumors e ulu.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kāne kāne ke kumu o nā hopena.

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena i hopena ʻia e ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e ʻike i kā mākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kāne

Ma keia Pauku

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua / localized / Operable Cancer

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai male kāne hou

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Metastatic umauma i nā kāne

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

Mālama ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā wahine. (E ʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (makua) no ka ʻike hou aku.)

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua / localized / Operable Cancer

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi kanesa o ka wā mua, kūloko a i ʻole ka operable umauma maʻi i loko o kēia mau mea:

ʻOki kino mua

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no nā kāne i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma ua hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ka mastectomy radical.

ʻO ke kāpili mālama ʻōpū me lumpectomy a ukali ʻia e ka radiation radiation hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau kāne.

ʻO Adjuvant Therapy

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o kahi hana ke hiki ʻole ke ʻike hou ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ʻo adjuvant therapy. ʻOiai inā hemo ke kauka i nā maʻi ʻaʻai āpau i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka manawa o ka hana, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka radiation radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, a me / a i ʻole ka hoʻomōkino pahuhopu ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e hoʻāʻo e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai paha. hema.

• Node-maikaʻi ʻole: No nā kāne nona ka maʻi ʻaʻai he node-maikaʻi ʻole (ʻaʻole pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node), pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau adjuvant ma ke kumu like no ka wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka mea ʻaʻohe hōʻike e ʻokoʻa ka pane i ka lāʻau. no nā kāne a me nā wahine.

• Node-maikaʻi: No nā kāne nona ka maʻi ʻaʻai he node-positive (ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node), hiki i ka adjuvant therapy ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• Hormone therapy me tamoxifen (e ālai i ka hopena o ka estrogen) a i ʻole pinepine iki paha, nā mea kāohi aromatase (e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka estrogen i ke kino).

• Hoʻopaʻa kaulike ʻia me kahi antibody monoclonal (trastuzumab a i ʻole pertuzumab).

Hōʻike kēia mau hana i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke ola i nā kāne e like me ka hana a nā wahine. ʻO ka pane a ka mea hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormonone ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā homone (nā protein) i ka tumo. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā kāne he mau receptor kēia. Paipai pinepine ʻia ʻo Hormone therapy no nā mea maʻi maʻi umauma kāne, akā hiki ke loaʻa iā ia nā hopena he nui, e like me nā uila wela a me ka impotence (ka hiki ʻole ke kūkulu i kahi kūkulu kūpono no ka moekolohe).

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai male kāne hou

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

No nā kāne me ka maʻi kūloko kūloko (maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi mai i kahi wahi i kaupalena ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana), ʻo nā koho lapaʻau pū kekahi:

• ʻOki kino.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka radiation radiation me ka chemotherapy.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Metastatic umauma i nā kāne

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic (maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola ʻia i nā wahi mamao o ke kino) e hoʻopili pū paha i kēia mau mea:

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

I nā kāne i ʻike wale ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi i ka hormone a i ʻole inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ke ʻano o ka receptor hormone, hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻopili ʻia.

• Hoʻomaʻo Tamoxifen.

• Aromatase mea kāohi Inc (anastrozole, letrozole, a i ʻole exemestane) me a i ʻole me kahi agonist LHRH. I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia kekahi lāʻau kūpona hilinaʻi ʻo cyclin-dependant (palbociclib).

I nā kāne nona nā ʻōpuʻu he receptor hormonone a i ʻole he receptor hormone ʻike ʻole ʻia, me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka iwi a i ʻole nā ​​mea palupalu wale nō, a i mālama ʻia me tamoxifen,

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpona Aromatase me a i ʻole me ka agonist LHRH.

• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormone ʻē aʻe e like me megestrol acetate, estrogen a androgen therapy, a i ʻole anti-estrogen therapy e like me fulvestrant.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

I nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ka reseptor hormone maikaʻi a ʻaʻole i pane i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā koho ke hoʻopili i ka lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e like me:

• Trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kāohi mTOR.

• Antibody-drug conjugate therapy me ado-trastuzumab emtansine.

• ʻO ka Cyclin-depend kinase inhibitor therapy (palbociclib) i hui pū ʻia me ka letrozole.

I nā kāne me ka maʻi hānai umauma metastatic ʻo ia ka HER2 / neu maikaʻi, hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke hoʻopili pū.

• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me trastuzumab, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, a i ʻole lapatinib.

ʻO Chemotherapy

I nā kāne me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ka hormone receptor, ʻaʻole i pane ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka hormone, ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā lālā ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōuli, hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke hoʻopili pū.

• Chemotherapy me hoʻokahi aʻoi aku paha nā lāʻau.

ʻOki kino

• ʻO ka mastectomy huina no nā kāne me nā maʻi umauma hāmama a ʻeha paha. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola aʻe i ka lolo a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola aʻe i ka akemāmā.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e hoʻoponopono a kōkua paha i ke kākoʻo i nā iwi nāwaliwali a haki paha. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i ka wai i hōʻiliʻili a puni nā akemāmā a puʻuwai paha.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i nā iwi, ka lolo, kaula o ka iwi, ka umauma, a i ʻole ka paia o ka umauma e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola.

• ʻO Strontium-89 (kahi radionuclide) e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola ʻia i nā iwi i loko o ke kino.

Nā koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic me:

• ʻO ka hoʻōla lāʻau me bisphosphonates a i ʻole denosumab e hōʻemi ai i ka maʻi iwi a me ka ʻeha ke pā ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka iwi. (E ʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu ma Cancer Pain no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā bisphosphonates.)

• Nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo nei i nā lāʻau anticancer hou, nā hui lāʻau hou, a me nā ala hou o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka maʻi hānai kāne

No ka ʻike hou aku mai ka National Cancer Institute e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kāne, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻAoʻao Home Kanaka Maʻi

• Ua ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Hormone Therapy no ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai

• ʻO nā Therapy Cancer i kau ʻia

• Ke hoʻāʻo genetic no ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina maʻi maʻi maʻi Syndromes

• Hoʻololi ʻo BRCA: ʻIke Pilikino a me nā hōʻike genetic

No ka ʻike ākea maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe mai ka National Cancer Institute, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• E pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke hoʻokū nei

• ʻO Chemotherapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Radiation Therapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke kāohi nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• No nā mea ola a me nā mea mālama