Nā ʻano / umauma / hoʻomanawanui / makua / umauma-hoʻoponopono-pdq

Hoʻoponopono Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (makua) Mana

ʻIkepili Nui e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kekahi manawa e ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻohana (nā hoʻololi).

• ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma me kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole hoʻololi i ka umauma.

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

• Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi maʻi kahi e kū ai nā maʻi malignant (cancer) i loko o nā aʻa o ka umauma.

Hana ʻia ka umauma e nā lobes a me nā kōmi. ʻO kēlā me kēia umauma he 15 a 20 mau ʻāpana i kapa ʻia nā lobes. He mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ko kēlā me kēia ʻūlū i kapa ʻia nā lobule. Pau nā Lobules i nā kini o nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hana i ka waiū. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lobes, nā lobule, a me nā ʻōpuʻu e nā paipu lahilahi i kapa ʻia he mau duct.

Anatomi o ka umauma wahine. Hōʻike ʻia ka nipple a me ka areola ma waho o ka umauma. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā lymph node, lobes, lobules, ducts, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o loko o ka umauma.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia umauma nā kīʻaha koko a me nā kīʻaha lymph. Lawe nā kīʻaha lymph i kahi wai a aneane ʻole ke kala, wai i kapa ʻia he lymph. Hāpai nā moku Lymph i ka lymph ma waena o nā lymph node. Liʻiliʻi nā Lymph nodes, nā ʻano ʻano pēke i loaʻa i loko o ke kino. Kānana lākou i ka lymph a mālama i nā hunaola keokeo e kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i ka maʻi a me nā maʻi. Loaʻa nā hui o nā lymph node kokoke i ka umauma i ka axilla (ma lalo o ka lima), ma luna o ka iwi iwi, a ma ka umauma.

ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma ʻo ductal carcinoma, kahi e hoʻomaka ai i nā hunaola o nā aʻa. Kāhea ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā lobes a i ʻole nā ​​lobule i kapa ʻia ʻo lobular carcinoma a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā umauma ʻelua ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻōpala kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kahi mehana ka umauma, ʻulaʻula, a pehu.

E ʻike i nā hōʻuluʻulu aʻe no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Ke nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana

• Hoʻopaʻi Kanaka Kanaka Kanaka

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpio

ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻonui i kou manawa e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia he kumu weliweli. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu e loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻaʻohe o nā kumu pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe hiki i ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e like me kēia:

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo pilikino o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive, carcoma ductal in situ (DCIS), a i ʻole lobular carcinoma ma situ (LCIS).

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo pilikino o ka maʻi maʻi umauma (noncancer).

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma i kahi kekelē mua (makuahine, kaikamahine, a kaikuahine paha).

• Hoʻololi hoʻoilina hoʻoilina i nā genes BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2 a i ʻole nā ​​genes ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Pākuʻi ka momona o ka umauma ma kahi mammogram.

• Hōʻike i nā kiko o ka umauma i ka estrogen i hana ʻia e ke kino. ʻO kēia paha ke kumu o:

• ʻO Menstruating i ka wā ʻōpio.

• ʻO nā makahiki makua i ka hānau mua a hānau ʻole paha.

• Ke hoʻomaka nei i ka menopause i ka makahiki ma hope.

• Lawe i nā hormoni e like me ka estrogen i hui pū ʻia me ka progestin no nā ʻōuli o ka menopause.

• Hoʻomaʻo me ka radiation radiation i ka umauma / umauma.

• Ka inu lama.

• Momona

ʻO nā makahiki ʻelemakule ka pilikia nui o ka nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻonui ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou ʻelemakule ʻana.

Hoʻohana ka NCI's Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool i nā mea pilikia o ka wahine e koho ai i kona pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā makahiki he 5 e hiki mai ana a hiki i ka makahiki 90. ʻO kēia mea hoʻohana pūnaewele e hoʻohana ʻia e kahi mea mālama ola. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, e kāhea iā 1-800-4-CANCER.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kekahi manawa e ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻohana (nā hoʻololi).

Hāpai nā gen i nā pūnaewele i ka ʻike hoʻoilina i loaʻa mai nā mākua o ke kanaka. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hoʻoilina he 5% a 10% o nā maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻO kekahi mau genes mutated e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka mea maʻamau i kekahi mau lāhui.

ʻO nā wahine i loaʻa kekahi mau hoʻololi mutation, e like me BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2 mutation, ua hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Loaʻa i kēia mau wahine i ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian, a hiki i ka nui o ka hopena o nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kāne i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana mutated e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka mea hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. No ka ʻike hou aku, e ʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai male kāne.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻāʻo e hiki ai ke ʻike (loaʻa) nā genes i hoʻololi ʻia. Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua genetika i kekahi manawa no nā lālā o nā ʻohana me ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. E ʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu e pili ana i nā Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers no ka ʻike hou aku.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e hōʻemi i kou manawa e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia he kumu pale.

ʻO nā kumu pale no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e like me kēia:

• Lawe i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka Estrogen-only hormone therapy ma hope o ka hysterectomy.

• Nā modulator receptor estrogen koho (SERMs).

• Nā mea kāohi ʻo Aromatase.

• ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiko o ka umauma i estrogen i hana ʻia e ke kino. Hiki i kēia ke hopena o:

• Hāpai hāpai mua.

• Hānai umauma.

• Loaʻa ka lawa o ka hoʻoikaika kino.

• Loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau kaʻina hana:

• Mastectomy e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO Oophorectomy e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻomaha hoʻopau kūlohelohe.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma me kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole hoʻololi i ka umauma.

ʻO kēia a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i kumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe. E hōʻoia me kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole mānoanoa i loko a kokoke paha i ka umauma a i ʻole ma ka wahi underarm.

• Hoʻololi i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka umauma.

• ʻO kahi dimple a i ʻole puckering i ka ʻili o ka umauma.

• Huli kahi nipple i loko o ka umauma.

• Fluid, ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka waiū umauma, mai ka nipple, keu hoʻi inā he koko.

• Pālehu, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ʻili i pehu ma ka umauma, nipple, a i ʻole areola (kahi ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a puni ka piko).

• ʻO nā Dimples i ka umauma e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻalani, i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā umauma e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

E launa me kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli i kou mau umauma. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a me nā kaʻina hana aʻe:

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala olakino: kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi (CBE): kahi hōʻike o ka umauma e ke kauka a i ʻole ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe. E ʻike pono ke kauka i ka umauma a ma lalo o nā lima no nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē.

• Mammogram: kahi x-ray o ka umauma.

Mammography. Kaomi ʻia ka umauma ma waena o nā pā ʻelua. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X e paʻi i nā kiʻi o kaʻiʻo umauma.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Ultrasound: kahi kaʻina hana e kipaku ʻia ai nā nalu kani ikaika (ultrasound) mai nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻola a hana i nā leo. Hoʻokumu nā leo i kahi kiʻi o nā kino o ke kino i kapa ʻia he sonogram. Hiki ke paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi e nānā ma hope.

• MRI (kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki): kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i kahi o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā umauma ʻelua. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI).

• Nā aʻo kemika koko: kahi hana e nānā ʻia ai kahi hāpana koko e ana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko e nā mea a me nā mea i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau) o kahi mea hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

• ʻO Biopsy: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā loaʻa kahi puʻupuʻu i ka umauma, hana ʻia kahi biopsy.

ʻEhā mau ʻano o ka biopsy i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• ʻO Biopsy kūikawā: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu āpau.

• ʻO Biopsy Incisional: ka hemo ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole kahi laʻana o nā meaola.

• ʻO Biopsy Core: Ka hemo ʻana o nā pūnaewele me ka nila ākea.

• ʻO ka biopsy aspiration maikaʻi-nila (FNA): Ka hemo ʻana o nā aʻa a i ʻole ka wai, e hoʻohana ana i kahi kui kele.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Hāʻawi nā hōʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i:

• pehea ka ulu koke o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• pehea paha e laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• pehea e holo pono ai kekahi mau hōʻailona.

• pehea paha e hoʻi hou ai ka maʻi ʻaʻa (hoʻi mai).

Hoʻopili nā hōʻike i kēia mau mea:

• Hōʻike ʻoluʻolu ʻo Estrogen a me progesterone: kahi hōʻike e ana i ka nui o ka estrogen a me ka progesterone (hormones) nā mea loaʻa ma nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā estrogen a me nā mea loaʻa progesterone ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaukā he estrogen a me / a progesterone receptor maikaʻi. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa o ka umauma. Hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike inā paha ʻo ka mālama ʻana e pale i ka estrogen a me ka progesterone e hōʻoki paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ulu ʻana.

• Hoʻokolohua ulu 2 epidermal factor factor 2 receptor (HER2 / neu): He hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ana i ka nui o nā gen HER2 / neu a pehea ka nui o ka protein HER2 / neu i hana ʻia i kahi hāpana o kaʻiʻo. Inā he nui nā genes HER2 / neu a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiʻekiʻe o ka HER2 / neu protein ma mua o ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki kēia ʻano kanesa umauma a ʻoi aku paha ka palahalaha ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai me nā lāʻau i kuhi ʻia i ka protein HER2 / neu, e like me trastuzumab a me pertuzumab.

• Nā hoʻāʻo Multigene: Nā hoʻāʻo e aʻo ʻia ai kahi laʻana o ke kiko e nānā i ka hana o nā gen he nui i ka manawa like. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ka wānana inā e pāhola ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a i ʻole hoʻi hou (hoʻi hou).

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua multigene. Ua aʻo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua multigene aʻe i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

• Oncotype DX: Kōkua kēia ho'āʻo i ka wānana inā e laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae mua ʻo ia ka estrogen receptor positive and node maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka makaʻu e laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hāʻawi ʻia paha ka chemotherapy e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu.

• MammaPrint: ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi e nānā ai i ka hana o 70 mau genes ʻokoʻa i loko o kaʻiʻo kanulau o ka umauma o nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi i hele ʻole i nā lymph node a i pāhola ʻia i 3 a i ʻole nā ​​liʻiliʻi lymph. Kōkua ka pae hana o kēia mau ʻea i ka wānana inā e pāhola ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a hoʻi mai paha. Inā hōʻike ka hōʻike o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻi mai paha he kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka chemotherapy e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻi.

Ma muli o kēia mau hoʻāʻo, wehewehe ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma ke ʻano he ʻano like ʻole:

• ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi o ka receptor Hormone (estrogen a me / a i ʻole progesterone receptor positive) a i ʻole ʻoluʻolu reseptor hormone (estrogen a me / a i ʻole progesterone receptor maikaʻi ʻole).

• HER2 / neu maikaʻi a i ʻole HER2 / neu maikaʻi ʻole.

• Triple Negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, a me HER2 / neu maikaʻi ʻole).

Kōkua kēia ʻike i ke kauka e hoʻoholo i nā kuʻina e hana maikaʻi loa no kāu maʻi ʻaʻai.

Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

Pili ka wānana a me nā koho lapaʻau i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (ka nui o ka tumo a inā ʻo ka umauma wale nō ia a i ʻole pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻē aʻe i ke kino).

• Ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• ʻO nā mea loaʻa Estrogen a me nā pae loaʻa progesterone i kaʻiʻo tumora.

• Kanaka ulu epidermal ulu ololi type 2 receptor (HER2 / neu) pae i loko o ka puʻupuʻuʻaʻaʻa.

• Inā he pākolu ke kino ʻole o ke kele (nā aʻaole i loaʻa nā estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors, a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiʻekiʻe o HER2 / neu).

• Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka tumo.

• Pehea paha e hoʻi hou ai ka tumo (hoʻi hou).

• ʻO ka makahiki o ka wahine, ke olakino laulā, a me ke kūlana menopausal (inā paha he manawa menstrual ka wahine).

• Inā ua hōʻoia wale ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ua hoʻi hou (hoʻi.

Nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

NA MANA KUNI

• Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

• Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

• ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kaukaʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e ʻike ai inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka umauma a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino i kapa ʻia he staging. ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoholo ai i ka pae o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ke kahua i mea e hoʻolālā ai i ka lāʻau. ʻO nā hopena o kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike pono ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma e hoʻohana pū ʻia e pae i ka maʻi. (E ʻike i ka ʻikepili ʻike laulā.)

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe a me nā kaʻina hana i ke kaʻina hoʻonohonoho.

• ʻO ka biopsy lymph node Sentinel: ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lymph node sentinel i ke kau ʻana. ʻO ka lymph node sentinel ka lua o nā lymph node i kahi hui o nā lymph node e loaʻa ai ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka lymphatic mai ka tumo mua. ʻO ia ka pūnana lymph mua e laha aku ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai a ka tumo mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea lekiō a me / a i ʻole ke kala polū ma kahi kokoke i ka tumo. Kahe ka mea a kala paha ma o nā kahena lymph i nā lymph node. Lawe ʻia ka pona lymph mua e loaʻa ai ka waiwai a kala paha. ʻIke kahi pathologist i ke kiko ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole pono paha e hemo i nā pūnana lymph. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa kahi lymph node sentinel i kahi ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi hui o nā aka.

• ʻO ke kukui x: kahi x-ray o nā mea a me nā iwi i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Kahi hana e hana ai i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi e kahi kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini x-ray. Hoʻokomo ʻia paha ke kala i loko o ke aa a i ʻole ale ʻia e kōkua i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​kino i hōʻike hou aku me ka maopopo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he tomography i helu ʻia, kamepiula tomography, a i ʻole he tomography axial computerized.

• ʻImi iwi: kahi hana e nānā ai inā aia he wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hunaola, e like me nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, i ka iwi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea radioactive i loko o ke aa a hele i waena o ke kahe o ke koko. Hōʻiliʻili ka mea lekiō i nā iwi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻike ʻia e kahi scanner.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): kahi hana e loaʻa ai nā puʻupuʻu tumo malignant i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka glucose radioactive (kō) i loko o kahi aa koko. Hoʻopili ka scanner PET a puni ke kino a hana i kahi kiʻi o kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka glucose i ke kino. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā hunaola tumo ma ke kiʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hana a lawe i ka glucose ma mua o ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola maʻamau.

ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā meaola, ka ʻōnaehana lymph, a me ke koko.

• Kāpena. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ka ulu ʻana i nā wahi kokoke.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lymph. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha lymph i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Koko. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ke koko. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha koko i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, ua kapa ʻia ia ʻo metastasis. E haki nā hunaola maʻi 'aʻai mai kahi a lākou i hoʻomaka ai (ka tumo mua) a hele i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph a i ʻole ke koko.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Komo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha lymph, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• Koko. Komo ke kanesa i loko o ke koko, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha koko, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

ʻO ka tumo metastatic ka ʻano like o ke kanesa me ka tumo mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka iwi, ʻo nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka iwi he mau pūpū maʻi umauma. ʻO ka maʻi kanesa umauma metastatic, ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻa iwi.

I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua ma ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, papa tumo, a inā aia kekahi mau biomarkers.

E hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa a hoʻomaopopo i kāu wānana, he mea nui ia e ʻike i ka pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Aia he 3 ʻano o nā pūʻulu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e hoʻonoho i kahi pae no nā mea maʻi āpau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala olakino, hoʻāʻo kino, nā hōʻike kiʻi (inā hana ʻia), a me nā biopsies. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pae Prognostic Clinical e ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka maʻi tumo, a me ke kūlana biomarker (ER, PR, HER2). I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, hoʻohana ʻia ka mammography a i ʻole ultrasound e nānā i nā lymph nodes no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological no nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka ʻokiʻoki e like me kā lākou lapaʻau mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae Prognostic Pathological ma luna o nā ʻike pili kino āpau, ke kūlana biomarker, a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai nā kiko o ka umauma a me nā lymph i lawe ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki.

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i ka nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Anatomic Stage i nā ʻāpana o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka hoʻokolohua biomarker. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, wehewehe ka ʻōnaehana TNM i ka tum tum e like me kēia:

Tumor (T). Ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo.

Ana ʻia ka nui o nā tumor i ka millimeter (mm) a i ʻole nā ​​kenimika. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka nui o ka tumo i mm me: kahi kiko penikalaʻoiʻoi (1 mm), kahi kiko crayon hou (2 mm), kahi holoi peni-luna (5 mm), kahi pea (10 mm), a peanut (20 mm), a me kahi lime (50 mm).

• TX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i ka tumo mua.

• T0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o kahi tumo mua i ka umauma.

• ʻO Tis: Carcinoma ma kahi. Aia he 2 ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma ma kahi:

• Tis (DCIS): ʻO DCIS kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i ka uhi o ka aʻa o ka umauma. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha nā hunaola ʻē ma waho o ke kahena i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka umauma. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka DCIS ke lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive i hiki ke pālahalaha aku i nā aʻa ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ala e ʻike ai i nā liona hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻouka.

• Tis (maʻi Paget): ʻO ka maʻi Paget o ka nipple kahi ʻano i loaʻa nā hunaola ʻino i nā huna o ka ʻili o ka nipple a e laha paha i ka areola. ʻAʻole hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka ʻōnaehana TNM. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi Paget a me kahi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma invasive, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM e hoʻokumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi.

• T1: ʻO ka tumo he 20 millimeter a ʻoi aku paha. Aia nā subtypes 4 o kahi tumo T1 ma muli o ka nui o ka tumo:

• T1mi: ʻo ka tumo he 1 millimeter a ʻoi iki paha.

• T1a: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 1 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5 millimeter.

• T1b: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 5 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 10 millimeter.

• T1c: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 10 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 20 millimeter.

• T2: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 20 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T3: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 50 millimeter.

• T4: wehewehe ʻia ka tumo ma ke ʻano o kekahi o kēia:

• T4a: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia umauma.

• T4b: ua ulu ka tumo i loko o ka ʻili - ua hana ʻia kahi ulcer ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka umauma, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā nodule liʻiliʻi i loko o ka umauma hoʻokahi e like me ka tumo mua, a / a i ʻole ka pehu o ka ʻili ma ka umauma. .

• T4c: ua ulu ka tumo i ka paia o ka umauma a me ka ʻili.

• T4d: ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻūhū hoʻāhu - he ʻulaʻekolu a ʻoi paha o ka ʻili ma ka umauma i ʻulaʻula a pehu (i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange).

Lymph Node (N). Ka nui a me kahi o nā lymph node kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lymph nodes e ke ʻoki a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist, hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua pathologic e wehewehe i nā lymph nodes. Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina pathologic o nā lymph nodes ma lalo.

• NX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i nā lymph nodes.

• N0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, a i ʻole nā ​​hui liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter i nā lymph node.

• N1: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N1mi: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node axillary (armpit area) a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.2 millimeter akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 millimeter.
• N1a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.
• N1b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā aka lymph axillary.

• N1c: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a i 3 mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.

ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel i nā lymph node kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

• N2: Ua wehewehe ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N2a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter.
• N2b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā lymph node axillary e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel a i ʻole dissection lymph node.

• N3: Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e like me kekahi o kēia:

• N3a: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 10 a ʻoi mau lymph node axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter, a i ʻole ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma lalo o ka iwi iwi.

• N3b: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 1 a 9 mau pūnana lymph axillary a ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi o nā lymph node i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma a loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa e nā hōʻike kiʻi;

a i ʻole

ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i 4 a 9 paha mau lymph node axillary a me ke kanesa ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi o nā lymph node ma mua o 2 millimeter. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph kokoke i ka umauma ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o 0.2 milimeter a loaʻa ʻia e ka biopsy lymph node sentinel.

• N3c: ua hohola ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma luna o ka iwi iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kino e like me ka tumo mua.

Ke nānā ʻia nā lymph nodes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mammography a i ʻole ke ultrasound, ua kapa ʻia ia he kahua hoʻokolohua. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ʻana o nā lymph nodes ma aneʻi.

ʻO Metastasis (M). Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M0: ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻana i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• M1: Ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, pinepine ka iwi, ka mumū, ka ate, a me ka lolo. Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph mamao, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph nodes ma mua o 0.2 millimeter. Kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana grading e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kahi tumo umauma a pāhola paha.

Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana māka i kahi tumo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻole ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā mea maʻa ma lalo o kahi microscope a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū haʻahaʻa e like me ke ʻano o nā hunaola maʻamau a ulu a laha aʻe ma mua o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai kiʻekiʻe. E wehewehe i ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā ʻaʻa, e nānā ka pathologist i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu:

• Ehia nā aʻa o ka tumo i loaʻa i nā kī o ka umauma maʻamau.

• Ka nui a me nā kinona o nā nukelea i nā hunaola tumola.

• Ehia mau ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale e kū nei, kahi ana o ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola tumora a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.

No kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona, hāʻawi ka pathologist i kahi helu o 1 i ka 3; ʻo ka helu "1" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nei nā hunaola a me nā ʻaʻa puʻupuʻu e like me nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā kikoʻī, a ʻo ka helu "3" ʻo ia hoʻi ke nānā aku nā hunaola a me nā kiko i nā mea maʻamau ʻole loa. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā mākia no kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona e kiʻi i nā helu helu ma waena o 3 a me 9.

Hiki ʻekolu mau māka:

• Ka helu piha o 3 a 5: G1 (Papa haʻahaʻa a i hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia).

• Ka helu piha o 6 a 7: G2 (Papa waena waena a i hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia paha).

• Ka helu piha o 8 a 9: G3 (Papa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ʻokoʻa hoʻokaʻawale ʻia).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua biomarker e ʻike ai inā loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kekahi mau pane i loaʻa iā ia.

ʻO nā hunaola umauma olakino, a me kekahi o nā pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, loaʻa nā mea loaʻa (biomarkers) e hoʻopili i nā hormones estrogen a me progesterone. Pono kēia mau hormoni i nā hunaola olakino, a me kekahi o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻaiuma, e ulu a māhele. No ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau meaolaola, lawe ʻia nā laʻana o nā kiko i piha i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kahi biopsy a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino. Hōʻaʻo ʻia nā laʻana i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka estrogen a i ʻole nā ​​mea loaʻa progesterone.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka receptor (biomarker) i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i kapa ʻia ʻo HER2. Pono nā mea loaʻa HER2 no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ulu a māhele.

No ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana biomarker e pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa Estrogen (ER). Inā loaʻa nā ʻepekema estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi (ER +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻo ER maikaʻi ʻole (ER-).

• ʻO ka mea loaʻa iā Progesterone (PR). Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ka umauma i nā mea loaʻa progesterone, kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi (PR +). Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā progesterone i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa PR maikaʻi ʻole (PR-).

• ʻO ka mea ulu kanaka epidermal ulu ʻano 2 receptor (HER2 / neu a i ʻole HER2). Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma ma mua o ka nui o nā mea loaʻa o ka HER2 ma luna o ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi maʻi HER2 maikaʻi (HER2 +). Inā he nui ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpū o HER2 ma ko lākou ʻili, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa HER2 maikaʻi ʻole (HER2-). ʻO ka HER2 + umauma kanesa ʻoi aku ka ulu a mahele wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o ka HER2- ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

I kekahi manawa e wehewehe ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole a he ʻekolu paha maikaʻi.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ʻaʻohe loaʻa nā estrogen estrogen i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, nā mea loaʻa progesterone, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻole.

• ʻEkolu maikaʻi. Inā loaʻa i nā hunaola umauma umauma nā estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, a me ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui maʻamau o nā mea loaʻa ʻo HER2, ua kapa ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻekolu he maikaʻi ʻekolu.

He mea nui ia e ʻike i ka receptor estrogen, receptor progesterone, a me ke kūlana receptor HER2 e koho i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻōki i nā mea loaʻa mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hormones estrogen a me ka progesterone a hoʻokū i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ulu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ālai i nā mea loaʻa HER2 ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻopau i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana māka, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Eia nā laʻana 3 e hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana TNM, ka ʻōnaehana mākia, a me ke kūlana biomarker e ʻike ai i ke kahua maʻi kanesa umauma Pathological Prognostic no kahi wahine nona ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua.

Inā 30 milimita (T2) ka nui o ka tumo, ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node kokoke (N0), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao mamao o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IIA.

Inā he 53 milimita (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pāhola ʻia i 4 a i 9 mau pūnana lymph (N2), ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (M0), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 2

• HER2 +

• ER +

• PR-

ʻO ka tumo ka pae IIIA.

Inā 65 milimika (T3) ka nui o ka tumo, ua pālahalaha ʻia i 3 axillary lymph nodes (N1a), ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā ake māmā (M1), a ʻo ia:

• Papa 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka pae IV (ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic).

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o kou umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a pehea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa nāu.

Ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e loaʻa i kāu kauka i kahi hōʻike pathology e wehewehe ana i ka nui a me kahi o ka tumo mua, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke, ka maʻi tumo, a inā paha aia kekahi mau biomarkers. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻike pathology a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo ai i kāu pae maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Nui paha kāu mau nīnau. E noi i kāu kauka e wehewehe pehea e hoʻohana ai i ke kahua e hoʻoholo ai i nā koho maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i kāu maʻi ʻaʻai a inā aia paha nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e kūpono paha nāu.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kaukaʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

No nā koho lapaʻau ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), e ʻike iā Ductal Carcinoma ma Situ.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka pae I, pae II, pae IIIA, a me ka maʻi ʻehā ʻo IIIC i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e ʻike iā Early, Localized, a i ʻole ʻo Operable Breast Cancer.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka pae IIIB, pae IIIC i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma inflammatory, e ʻike iā Locally Advanced a i ʻole ʻo Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi hou ma kahi o kahi i hoʻokumu mua ʻia ai, e ʻike iā Locoregional Recurrent Breast Cancer.

No nā koho lapaʻau no ka pae IV (metastatic) umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i hoʻi hou i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai Metastatic umauma.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi ʻaʻai

I ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma kuni, ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka ʻili o ka umauma a me ka nānā ʻana o ka umauma ʻulaʻula a pehu a ʻano mahana. Hana ka ʻulaʻula a me ka mehana no ka mea ke ālai nā hunaola maʻi ʻula i nā kīʻaha lymph i ka ʻili. Hiki i ka ʻili o ka umauma ke hōʻike i ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i kapa ʻia ʻo peau dʻorange (e like me ka ʻili o ka alani). ʻAʻohe paha mau lumps i ka umauma i hiki ke ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma inflammatory ka pae IIIB, pae IIIC, a i ʻole pae IV.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻōpala o ka umauma hema e hōʻike ana i ka peau dʻorange a me ka nipple i hoʻohuli ʻia.

Kanesa Kanesa Hou

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hou he maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi hou (hoʻi) ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana. E hoʻi paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka umauma, i ka ʻili o ka umauma, i ka paia o ka umauma, a i ʻole nā ​​lymph node kokoke.

Laulā Manaʻo Option Oponopono

NA MANA KUNI

• Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ʻeono ʻano o ka mālama maʻamau.

• ʻOki kino

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻO Chemotherapy

• Hoʻoikaika Hormone

• Pahuhopu kau ʻia

• Immunotherapy

• Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei nā ʻano lapaʻau hou i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

• Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.

• Hiki i nā mea maʻi ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope paha o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kā lākou mālama maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Pono paha nā hoʻokolohua ukali.

Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Loaʻa nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Kūlana maʻamau kekahi mau hōʻailona (ʻo ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa), a ʻo kekahi e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua lapaʻau kahi noiʻi noiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mālama ʻana i kēia manawa a i ʻole loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mālama hou no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi lapaʻau hou ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau, lilo paha ka lāʻau hou i ka lapaʻau maʻamau. Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hāmama wale i nā mea maʻi i hoʻomaka ʻole i ka lāʻau.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻeono ʻano o ka mālama maʻamau.

ʻOki kino

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ʻoki ʻia e wehe i ke kanesa.

ʻO ka biopsy lymph node Sentinel ka hemo o ka lymph node sentinel i ke kau ʻana. ʻO ka lymph node sentinel ka lua o nā lymph node i kahi hui o nā lymph node e loaʻa ai ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka lymphatic mai ka tumo mua. ʻO ia ka pūnana lymph mua e laha aku ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai a ka tumo mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea lekiō a me / a i ʻole ke kala polū ma kahi kokoke i ka tumo. Kahe ka mea a kala paha ma o nā kahena lymph i nā lymph node. Lawe ʻia ka pona lymph mua e loaʻa ai ka waiwai a kala paha. ʻIke kahi pathologist i ke kiko ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā no nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole pono paha e hemo i nā pūnana lymph. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi node lymph sentinel ma mua o hoʻokahi pūʻulu o nā aka. Ma hope o ka biopsy lymph node sentinel, hoʻoneʻe ka mea lapaʻau i ka puʻupuʻu e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka umauma a i ʻole mastectomy. Inā loaʻa nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pūnana lymph ma o kahi ʻoki kaʻawale. Kapa ʻia kēia he dissection lymph node.

ʻO nā ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana penei:

• ʻO kahi ʻoki mālama mālama ʻōpū kahi hana e hemo i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me kekahi mau mea maʻamau a puni ia, akā ʻaʻole ka umauma ponoʻī Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka pale umauma inā kokoke ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano o ke kaha ʻana he lumpectomy, mastectomy hapa, mastectomy segmental, quadrantectomy, a me kahi ʻoki hōʻoki umauma.

ʻOki kino mālama ʻōhua. Lawe ʻia ka tumo a me kekahi mau mea maʻamau a puni ia, akā ʻaʻole ka umauma ponoʻī. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi mau lymph node ma lalo o ka lima. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka pale umauma inā kokoke ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Huina mastectomy: ʻoki e wehe i ka umauma i loaʻa maʻi 'aʻai. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he mastectomy maʻalahi. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi o nā lymph node ma lalo o ka lima a nānā ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hana ʻia kēia i ka manawa like me ke kahakaha ʻana o ka umauma a ma hope paha. Hana ʻia kēia ma o kahi ʻoki kaʻawale.

Huina (maʻalahi) mastectomy. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i kahi e hemo ai ka umauma holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi mau lymph node ma lalo o ka lima.

• Hoʻololi i ka mastectomy radical: ʻoki e wehe i ka umauma holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka nui o nā lymph node ma lalo o ka lima, ka uhi ʻana ma nā mākia o ka umauma, a i kekahi manawa, ʻāpana o nā mākala o ka umauma.

Hoʻohuli ʻia ka mastectomy radical. Hōʻike ka laina kiko i kahi e hemo ai ka umauma āpau a me kekahi mau lymph node. Hiki ke hemo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka mākala o ka umauma.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy ma mua o ke kaha ʻana e wehe i ka tumo. Ke hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ke kaha ʻana, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka chemotherapy i ka tumo a hoʻemi i ka nui o nā kiko e pono e hemo i ka wā o ke ʻoki. ʻO ka lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ke kāhea ʻana ua kapa ʻia ʻo preoperative therapy a i ʻole neoadjuvant therapy.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ke kauka i nā maʻi ʻaʻai āpau e hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka manawa o ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hāʻawi i ka radiation radiation, chemotherapy, hoʻomōhala hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormone ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻea i koe. ʻO ka lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu e hoʻi mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo postoperative therapy a i ʻole adjuvant therapy.

Inā loaʻa kahi mastectomy i kahi mea maʻi, kūkulu hou i ka umauma (ʻoki ʻana e kūkulu hou i ke ʻano o ka umauma ma hope o ka mastectomy). Hiki ke hana hou i ka umauma i ka manawa o ka mastectomy a i ʻole kekahi manawa ma hope. Hana ʻia ka umauma i hana hou ʻia me nā kiko ponoʻī o ka mea hoʻomanawanui (nonbreast) a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā implants i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka saline a i ʻole ka silicone gel. Ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e kiʻi i kahi implant, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke kāhea i ka Center Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Devices and Radiologic Health ma 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332) a i ʻole kipa i ka pūnaewele ʻo FDA no 'ike hou aku e pili ana i nā implants umauma.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

ʻO ka radiation radiation kahi lāʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā kukuna x nui ikaika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano radiation e hoʻomake i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a mālama ʻole paha i ka ulu ʻana. ʻElua ʻano o radiation radiation:

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation kūwaho i kahi mīkini ma waho o ke kino e hoʻouna i ka radiation i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i loko i kahi lāʻau radioactive i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā nila, nā hua, nā uea, a i ʻole nā ​​catheters i kau pololei ʻia i loko a kokoke paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka radiation radiation i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation radiation kūwaho e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation radiation me strontium-89 (kahi radionuclide) e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha o ka iwi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i pāhola ʻia i nā iwi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Strontium-89 i kahi aa a hele i ka ʻili o nā iwi. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka uila a make i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā iwi.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau e hōʻoki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ma ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola a i ʻole ke kāpae ʻana iā lākou mai ka hoʻokaʻawale. Ke lawe ʻia ka chemotherapy e ka waha a i ʻole injected i loko o kahi aa koko a i ʻole nā ​​mākala, komo nā lāʻau i ke kahe o ke koko a hiki ke kiʻi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpio i loko o ke kino (chemotherapy ʻōnaehana). Ke waiho pololei ʻia ka chemotherapy i loko o ka wai cerebrospinal, kahi hui, a i ʻole ke kino o ke kino e like me ka ʻōpū, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea nui e hoʻopili i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i kēlā mau wahi (chemotherapy āpau).

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka chemotherapy i ka ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka chemotherapy ʻōnaehana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

ʻO ka Hormone therapy kahi lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoneʻe i nā homone a i ʻole ālai i kā lākou hana a kāpae i nā hunaola maʻi maʻi mai ka ulu ʻana. ʻO nā Hormones nā mea i hana ʻia e nā glands i loko o ke kino a hoʻolaha ʻia i ke kahe o ke koko. Hiki i kekahi mau hormoni ke hoʻoulu i kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i mau wahi kahi e hoʻopili ai nā homone (nā mea loaʻa), nā lāʻau, ke ʻoki ʻana, a i ʻole ka radiation therapy e hōʻemi ai i ka hana ʻana o nā hormones a i ʻole keakea iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana ʻO ka hormone estrogen, ka mea e ulu ai kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpū o ka umauma, hana nui ʻia e nā ovaries. ʻO ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoki i nā ovaries mai ka hana ʻana i ka estrogen i kapa ʻia ʻo ovarian ablation.

Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo Hormone therapy me tamoxifen i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i hiki ke lawe ʻia e ka ʻoki ʻana a me nā mea me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic (maʻi kanesa i laha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino). Hiki ke hana ʻo Hormone therapy me tamoxifen a i ʻole estrogens i nā hunaola a puni ke kino a hoʻonui paha i ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai endometrial. Pono nā wahine e lawe ana i ka tamoxifen i kahi hōʻike pelvic i kēlā me kēia makahiki e nānā no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā kahe ʻeleʻele, ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kahe o ka menstrual, pono e hōʻike ʻia i ke kauka ke hiki.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Hormone therapy me kahi hormone-hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka homone (LHRH) i kekahi mau wahine premenopausal i ʻike ʻia me ke kanulau maʻi maikaʻi. Hoʻoiho ka LHRH agonists i ka estrogen o ke kino a me ka progesterone.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka Hormone therapy me kahi mea hoʻokiʻoki aromatase i kekahi mau wahine postmenopausal i loaʻa i ka receptor hormone ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi. Hoʻoemi nā mea hoʻohālua ʻo Aromatase i ka estrogen o ke kino e ka pale ʻana i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo aromatase mai ka huli ʻana i androgen i estrogen. ʻO Anastrozole, letrozole, a me exemestane kekahi ʻano o nā mea kāohi aromatase.

No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū i hiki ke hemo ʻia e ke kaha ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau mea kāohi aromatase ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy ma kahi o tamoxifen a ma hope paha o 2 a 3 mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana tamoxifen. No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic, e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea kāohi aromatase i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou i ka hormone therapy me tamoxifen.

I nā wahine me ka receptor hormone ka maʻi ʻaʻai maikaʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 5 mau makahiki o ka adjuvant hormone therapy e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu e hoʻi hou ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormone me merolrol acetate a i ʻole anti-estrogen therapy e like me fulvestrant.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

ʻO ka therapy target kahi ʻano lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike a hoʻouka i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai me ka ʻole e hōʻeha i nā hunaola maʻamau. ʻO nā kinikini Monoclonal, nā mea hoʻokele tyrosine kinase, nā mea hoʻowahāwahā hilinaʻi i ka cyclin, ka pahuhopu mammalian o nā mea kāohi rapamycin (mTOR), a me nā mea pale PARP kahi ʻano o nā therapies i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO ka Monoclonal antibody therapy kahi lapaʻau o ka maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana ai i nā mea pale i hana ʻia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, mai kahi ʻano hoʻokahi o ke kikowaena pale pale. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ʻino ke hoʻomaopopo i nā mea ma nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻamau e kōkua ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻopili nā mea ʻino i nā mea a pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ālai i ko lākou ulu ʻana, a i ʻole mālama iā lākou mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia nā antibodies Monoclonal e ka hoʻokomo. Hoʻohana wale ʻia lākou a i ʻole lawe i nā lāʻau, toxins, a i ʻole radioactive pono i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea pale monoclonal me ka chemotherapy ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy.

Nā ʻano o ka monoclonal antibody therapy me kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Trastuzumab kahi antibody monoclonal e ālai ana i nā hopena o ke kumu ulu ulu ʻo HER2, nāna e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona ulu i nā pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe e mālama iā HER2 i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi.

• ʻO Pertuzumab kahi antibody monoclonal i hui ʻia me trastuzumab a me chemotherapy e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i kekahi mau mea maʻi me ka HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi i metastasized (pālahalaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia me he neoadjuvant therapy i nā mea maʻi me ka holomua o ka wahi, ka hoʻāla ʻana, a i ʻole ke kanulau umauma i ka wā mua. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy i kekahi mau maʻi me ka HER2 pae maʻi umauma maʻi ʻaʻai maikaʻi.

• ʻO Ado-trastuzumab emtansine kahi monoclonal antibody i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi lāʻau anticancer. Kapa ʻia kēia he conjugate lāʻau hoʻoweliweli. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama iā HER2 i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a i ʻole hoʻi hou (hoʻi hou). Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy e mālama iā HER2 i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi i nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ka maʻi koena ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana.

• ʻO Sacituzumab govitecan kahi antibody monoclonal e hāpai i kahi lāʻau anticancer i ka tumo. Kapa ʻia kēia he conjugate lāʻau hoʻoweliweli. Ke aʻo ʻia nei e mālama i nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻekolu-ʻole i loaʻa i nā regima chemotherapy ma mua o ʻelua.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kāohi ʻo Tyrosine kinase i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hōʻailona e pono ai e ulu nā tumors. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kāpae ʻo Tyrosine kinase me nā lāʻau anticancer ʻē aʻe e like me ka adjuvant therapy. Hoʻopili nā mea kāohi ʻo Tyrosine kinase i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Lapatinib kahi mea kāohi kinetona tyrosine e ālai i nā hopena o ka protein HER2 a me nā proteins ʻē aʻe i loko o nā cell tumole. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e mālama i nā mea maʻi me ka HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi i holomua ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me trastuzumab.

• ʻO Neratinib kahi mea kāohi kinetona tyrosine e ālai i nā hopena o ka protein HER2 a me nā proteins ʻē aʻe i loko o nā cell tumole. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā mea maʻi me ka HER2 pae mua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me trastuzumab.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitors i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā proteins i kapa ʻia he kinases hilinaʻi ʻia ka cyclin, kahi e ulu ai nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻopili nā Cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitors i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Palbociclib kahi mea kinase e hilinaʻi ana i ka cyclin i hoʻohana ʻia me ka letrozole lāʻau e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻo ia hoʻi ka estrogen receptor maikaʻi a ʻo HER2 maikaʻi ʻole a ua hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā wahine postmenopausal nona ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole i mālama ʻia me ka hoʻōla hormonone. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Palbociclib me ka fulvestrant i nā wahine nona ka maʻi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka hormone therapy.

• ʻO Ribociclib kahi mea kinase e hilinaʻi ana i ka cyclin i hoʻohana ʻia me ka letrozole e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻa umauma ʻo ia ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi i ka homone a ʻo HER2 maikaʻi a hoʻi mai a hoʻolaha paha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā wahine postmenopausal nona ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole i mālama ʻia me ka hoʻōla hormonone. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka fulvestrant i nā wahine postmenopausal me ka receptor hormone maikaʻi a me ka HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi ʻole i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a i ʻole ua hoʻi hou. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā wahine premenopausal me ka receptor hormone maikaʻi a me ka HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi ʻole i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a i ʻole ua hoʻi hou.

• ʻO Abemaciclib kahi mea kinase e hilinaʻi ana i ka cyclin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka receptor hormone maikaʻi a me ka HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻonui ʻia a ua hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia a i ʻole me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

• ʻO Alpelisib kahi mea kinase e hilinaʻi ana i ka paukū i hoʻohana ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau fulvestrant e mālama pono i ka receptor hormone a me ka HER2 maʻi ʻino maikaʻi ʻole i loaʻa i kahi loli a ua holomua a ua pāhola paha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā wahine postmenopausal nona ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka mālama ʻana me ka hormone therapy.

ʻO ka pahuhopu mammalian o ka rapamycin (mTOR) mea pale i ka palaka i kahi protein i kapa ʻia mTOR, kahi e mālama ai i nā hunaola maʻi maʻi mai ka ulu ʻana a pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko e pono ai nā tumors e ulu. Hoʻopili nā mea kāwela mTOR i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Everolimus kahi mea hōʻoki mTOR i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahine postmenopausal me ka reseptor hormone holomua maikaʻi ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻo HER2 maikaʻi hoʻi a ʻaʻole maikaʻi maikaʻi me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā mea kāohi PARP kahi ʻano o ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomalu ʻia e pale ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o DNA a make paha i nā pūnaʻi maʻi maʻi Hoʻopili nā mea pale PARP i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Olaparib kahi mea pāpā PARP i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā mea maʻi me nā mutation i ka gen BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2 a me HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Ke aʻo ʻia nei ka lāʻau hoʻohālua PARP no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole ʻekolu.

• ʻO Talazoparib kahi mea pāpā PARP i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā mea maʻi me nā mutation i nā genes BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2 a me HER2 maʻi maʻi umauma maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻomohala kūloko a i pāhola paha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma no ka ʻike hou aku.

Immunotherapy

ʻO ka Immunotherapy kahi lapaʻau e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi o ka mea maʻi e hakakā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kino a i hana ʻia paha i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻonui, kuhikuhi, a hoʻihoʻi hou i nā pale kūlohelohe o ke kino i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai a biotherapy a i ʻole biologic therapy.

Aia kekahi ʻano o ka immunotherapy:

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa inhibitor checkpoint Immune: PD-1 kahi protein i ka ʻili o nā pūnaewele T e kōkua ai e mālama i nā pane pale o ke kino i ka nānā. Ke hoʻopili aku ʻo PD-1 i kahi protein ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo PDL-1 ma kahi hunaola maʻi ʻoki, paʻa ia i ke kele T mai ka luku ʻana i ka pūnaeho maʻi maʻi. Hoʻopili nā mea pale PD-1 i PDL-1 a ʻae i nā hunaola T e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO Atezolizumab kahi mea kāohi PD-1 i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Mea hoʻopukapuka hōʻoiaʻiʻo pale pale. ʻO nā protein checkpoint, e like me PD-L1 ma nā hunaola tumo a me PD-1 ma nā hunaola T, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā pane pale ʻole. Mālama ka paʻa ʻana o PD-L1 iā PD-1 mālama i nā hunaola T mai ka pepehi ʻana i nā hunaola tumora i loko o ke kino (panel hema). Ke kāpae nei i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o PD-L1 iā PD-1 me kahi mea pale pale pale pale pale (anti-PD-L1 a i ʻole anti-PD-1) ʻae i nā hunaola T e pepehi i nā hunaola tumera (ʻaoʻao ʻākau)

Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei nā ʻano lapaʻau hou i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Loaʻa nā ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai ka pūnaewele NCI.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena i hoʻomaka i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻike i kā mākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.

ʻO kekahi mau hana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e kumu i nā hopena e hoʻomau a hōʻike ʻia i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau. Kapa ʻia kēia mau hopena hopena.

ʻAʻole maʻamau nā hopena hopena o ka radiation radiation, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele o ka hū ma hope o ka radiation therapy i ka umauma, ke hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy i ka manawa like.

• ʻO ka limaphedema lima, keu hoʻi ke hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lymph node.

• I nā wahine ma mua o 45 mau makahiki i loaʻa ka radiation radiation i ka paia o ka umauma ma hope o ka mastectomy, aia paha he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma ka umauma ʻē aʻe.

Pili nā hopena hopena o ka chemotherapy i nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Hewa puʻuwai.

• Huʻi koko.

• Menopause ma mua.

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻelua, e like me leukemia.

ʻO nā hopena hope loa o ka lāʻau hoʻomākaukau ʻia me trastuzumab, lapatinib, a i ʻole pertuzumab paha i loko:

• Nā pilikia puʻuwai e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka puʻuwai.

Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.

No kekahi mau mea maʻi, ke komo nei i ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ke koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa paha. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi ʻāpana o ka noiʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā palekana a maikaʻi a maikaʻi paha nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana maʻamau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kau ʻia ma nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mua. ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau maʻamau a i ʻole i waena o nā mea mua i loaʻa kahi lāʻau hou.

ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nā ​​alakaʻi hoʻokolohua e alakaʻi i nā hoʻoponopono hou maikaʻi, pane pinepine lākou i nā nīnau nui a kōkua i ka neʻe i mua o ka noiʻi.

Hiki i nā mea maʻi ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope paha o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kā lākou mālama maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻopili wale kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka lapaʻau. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i nā mālama ʻana no ka poʻe maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo i nā ala hou e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka hoʻi hou ʻana (hoʻi ʻana) a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke mālama ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e kākoʻo ʻia e NCI ma ka pūnaewele ʻimi noiʻi hoʻokolohua a NCI. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i kākoʻo ʻia e nā hui ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele ClinicalTrials.gov.

Pono paha nā hoʻokolohua ukali.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole e ʻike i ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻa e hana hou ʻia paha. E hana hou ʻia kekahi mau hōʻike i mea e ʻike ai i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana inā e hoʻomau, hoʻololi, a kū paha i ka lāʻau ʻana ma nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo.

E hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua mai kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau. Hiki i nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke hōʻike inā ua loli kou ʻano a i ʻole inā ua hoʻi hou ke kanesa. Kapa ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo i kekahi manawa nā hoʻokolohua ukali a i ʻole nā ​​loiloi.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

Ma keia Pauku

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua, kūloko a i ʻole he maʻi ʻaʻai Operable

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōiwi ʻōiwi a ʻoi aku paha

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ʻo Locoregional

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo Metastatic

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua, kūloko a i ʻole he maʻi ʻaʻai Operable

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi kanesa o ka wā mua, kūloko a i ʻole ka operable umauma maʻi i loko o kēia mau mea:

ʻOki kino

• ʻO ke kāpili mālama ʻōpū a me ka biopsy lymph node sentinel. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, e hana ʻia paha kahi dissection node lymph.

• Hoʻohuli ʻia ka mastectomy radical. Hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻoki hou ʻana o ka umauma.

Hoʻoikaika radiation postoperative

No nā wahine i loaʻa i ka ʻoki mālama mālama umauma, hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy i ka umauma a pau e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka manawa e hoʻi ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation i nā lymph nodes ma ia wahi.

No nā wahine i loaʻa kahi mastectomy radical i hōʻano hou ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia paha ka radiation therapy e hōʻemi i ka manawa e hoʻi ai ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻa inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi o kēia.

• Ua loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma 4 a ʻoi paha nā lymph node.

• Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā kiko a puni nā lymph node.

• Nui ka tumo.

• Aia kahi tumo kokoke a i ʻole koe i loko o nā mea kokoke i nā kaʻe o kahi i lawe ʻia aku ai ka tumo.

Hoʻoikaika ʻōnaehana postoperative

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau i hiki ke komo i ke kahe o ke koko a hōʻea i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana postoperative e hōʻemi i ka manawa e hoʻi ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e wehe i ka tumo.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana postoperative ma muli o:

• ʻO ka tumo ka reseptor hormone maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi paha.

• ʻO ka tumo ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi paha.

• ʻO ka tumo ka ʻenemi reseptor maikaʻi ʻole a ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi ʻole (ʻekolu maikaʻi ʻole).

• Ka nui o ka tumo.

I nā wahine premenopausal me nā hikerepone receptor maikaʻi, ʻaʻole pono ka mālama hou ʻana a i ʻole ka lāʻau postoperative therapy.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Tamoxifen me a i ʻole chemotherapy.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Tamoxifen a me ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoki a hoʻemi paha i ka nui o ka estrogen i hana ʻia e nā ovaries. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoki ʻana e wehe i nā ovaries, a i ʻole radiation radiation i nā ovaries.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Aromatase a me ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoki a hoʻemi paha i ka nui o ka estrogen i hana ʻia e nā ovaries. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoki ʻana e wehe i nā ovaries, a i ʻole radiation radiation i nā ovaries.

I nā wahine postmenopausal me nā tumora reseptor maikaʻi, ʻaʻole pono ka lapaʻau hou a i ʻole ka lāʻau postoperative therapy.

• Aromatase mea kāohi therapy me a i ʻole chemotherapy.

• Hahai ʻia ʻo Tamoxifen e ka aromatase inhibitor therapy, me a i ʻole chemotherapy.

I nā wahine me nā hikerepone receptor maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole pono ka mālama hou ʻana a i ʻole ka lāʻau postoperative therapy.

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

I nā wahine me nā tumors maikaʻi ʻole HER2 / neu, hoʻopili pū ʻia ka lāʻau postoperative:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

I nā wahine me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, HER2 / neu maikaʻi, a ʻaʻohe maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, ʻaʻole pono e pono hou aʻe kahi lāʻau. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā lymph node, a nui paha ka tumo, e hoʻopili pū ʻia ka lāʻau ma hope o ka lāʻau.

• Chemotherapy a me ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomāka (trastuzumab).

• ʻO ka Hormone therapy, e like me tamoxifen a i ʻole aromatase inhibitor therapy, no nā hikoko i loaʻa pū kekahi me ka receptor hormone maikaʻi.

• Antibody-drug conjugate therapy me ado-trastuzumab emtansine.

I nā wahine me ka liʻiliʻi, maikaʻi ʻole ka receptor hormone a me ka HER2 / neu maikaʻi ʻole (pākolu maikaʻi ʻole) a ʻaʻohe maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, ʻaʻole pono ka lapaʻau hou aʻe. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o nā lymph node a nui paha ka tumo, e hoʻopili pū ʻia ka lāʻau hope o hope:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi regima chemotherapy hou.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka PARP inhibitor therapy.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana preoperative

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau i hiki ke komo i ke kahe o ke koko a hōʻea i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana preoperative e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka tumo ma mua o ke kahakaha ʻana.

I nā wahine postmenopausal me nā hikerepone receptor maikaʻi tumors, hiki i ka preoperative therapy ke hoʻopili pū ʻia:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• Hormone therapy, e like me tamoxifen a i ʻole aromatase inhibitor therapy, no nā wahine i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka chemotherapy.

I nā wahine premenopausal me nā hikerepone receptor maikaʻi tumors, hiki i ka preoperative therapy ke hoʻopili pū ʻia:

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormonone, e like me tamoxifen a i ʻole aromatase inhibitor therapy.

I nā wahine me ka HER2 / neu maikaʻi tumors, hiki i ka preoperative therapy ke hoʻopili pū ʻia.

• Chemotherapy a me ka hoʻomōhala hoʻomāka (trastuzumab).

• Hoʻolālā pahuhopu (pertuzumab).

I nā wahine me ka HER2 / neu tumors maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ʻekolu tumors maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i ka preoperative therapy ke hoʻopili pū ʻia.

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi regima chemotherapy hou.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka monoclonal antibody therapy.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻōiwi ʻōiwi a ʻoi aku paha

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi umauma kūloko a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻOki kino (ʻoki ʻoki ʻana i ka umauma a i ʻole mastectomy huina) me ka dissection lymph node.

• Chemotherapy ma mua a / a ma hope paha o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana.

• Hormone therapy ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana no nā tumors i loaʻa i ka estrogen receptor maikaʻi a i ʻole receptor estrogen i ʻike ʻole ʻia.

• Nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo nei i nā lāʻau anticancer hou, nā hui lāʻau hou, a me nā ala hou o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ʻo Locoregional

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma locoregional (ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi mai ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka umauma, i ka paia o ka umauma, a i ʻole nā ​​lymph node kokoke), hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• Hormone therapy no nā hikoko i loaʻa i ka receptor hormone maikaʻi.

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala.

• ʻOki kino.

• Hoʻolālā pahuhopu (trastuzumab).

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi lapaʻau hou.

E ʻike i ka ʻāpana Metastatic Breast Cancer no ka ʻike e pili ana i nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana o ke kino ma waho o ka umauma, ka umauma umauma, a i ʻole nā ​​lymph node kokoke.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo Metastatic

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic (maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola ʻia i nā wahi mamao o ke kino) e hoʻopili pū paha i kēia mau mea:

Hoʻoikaika Hormone

I nā wahine postmenopausal i ʻike wale ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi i ka hormone a i ʻole inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ke ʻano o ka receptor hormone, hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻopili ʻia.

• Hoʻomaʻo Tamoxifen.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻonā lāʻau Aromatase (anastrozole, letrozole, a i ʻole exemestane). I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia ʻo cyclin-depend kinase inhibitor therapy (palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, a i ʻole alpelisib).

I nā wahine premenopausal i ʻike wale ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic i loaʻa i ka receptor hormone maikaʻi, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke:

• ʻO Tamoxifen, kahi agonist LHRH, a i ʻole ʻelua paha.

• ʻO ka Cyclin-depend kinase inhibitor therapy (ribociclib).

I nā wahine nona nā puʻukū he receptor hormone a i ʻole receptor hormone ʻike ʻole ʻia, me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka iwi a i ʻole nā ​​mea palupalu wale nō, a i mālama ʻia me tamoxifen,

• Hoʻoikaika inhibitor Aromatase.

• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormone ʻē aʻe e like me megestrol acetate, estrogen a androgen therapy, a i ʻole anti-estrogen therapy e like me fulvestrant.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

I nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ʻo ia ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi i ka homone a ʻaʻole i pane i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā koho ke hoʻopili i ka lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e like me:

• Trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kāohi mTOR.

• Antibody-drug conjugate therapy me ado-trastuzumab emtansine.

• Cyclin-depend kinase inhibitor therapy (palbociclib, ribociclib, a i ʻole abemaciclib) i hui pū ʻia me ka hormone therapy.

I nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ʻo HER2 / neu maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka lāʻau.

• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me trastuzumab, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, a i ʻole lapatinib.

I nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ʻo HER2 maikaʻi ʻole, me nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā genes BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2, a me nā mea i mālama ʻia me ka chemotherapy, hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Hoʻopaʻa kaulike ʻia me kahi mea hōʻoki PARP (olaparib a i ʻole talazoparib).

ʻO Chemotherapy

I nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ʻo ia ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ka hormone receptor, ʻaʻole i pane ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka hormone, ua pālahalaha ʻia i nā lālā ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōuli, hiki i ka lapaʻau ke hoʻopili

• Chemotherapy me hoʻokahi aʻoi aku paha nā lāʻau.

Chemotherapy a me ka immunotherapy

I nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic ka mea loaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ka receptor hormone a me ka HER2 maikaʻi ʻole,

• Chemotherapy a me immunotherapy (atezolizumab).

ʻOki kino

• ʻO ka mastectomy huina no nā wahine me nā maʻi umauma hāmama a ʻeha paha. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola aʻe i ka lolo a i ʻole ka iwi kuamoʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola aʻe i ka akemāmā.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e hoʻoponopono a kōkua paha i ke kākoʻo i nā iwi nāwaliwali a haki paha. Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation radiation ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.

• ʻO ke keʻena hana e wehe i ka wai i hōʻiliʻili a puni nā akemāmā a puʻuwai paha.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻO ka radiation radiation i nā iwi, ka lolo, kaula o ka iwi, ka umauma, a i ʻole ka paia o ka umauma e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola.

• ʻO Strontium-89 (kahi radionuclide) e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola ʻia i nā iwi i loko o ke kino.

Nā koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma metastatic me:

• ʻO ka hoʻōla lāʻau me bisphosphonates a i ʻole denosumab e hōʻemi ai i ka maʻi iwi a me ka ʻeha ke pā ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka iwi. (E ʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu ma Cancer Pain no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā bisphosphonates.)

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe me ka transplant cell stem.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi conjugate lāʻau-antibody (sacituzumab).

• Nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo nei i nā lāʻau anticancer hou, nā hui lāʻau hou, a me nā ala hou o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Nā koho lapaʻau no Ductal Carcinoma ma Situ (DCIS)

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka carcinoma ductal ma kahi e hoʻopili ʻia i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke kāpili mālama mālama umauma a me ka radiation therapy, me a me ka ʻole o tamoxifen.

• Ka nui o ka mastectomy me a i ʻole me ka tamoxifen ʻole. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka radiation radiation.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

No ka ʻike hou aku mai ka National Cancer Institute e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻAoʻao Home Kanaka Maʻi

• Nā koho ʻoki kino no nā wahine me DCIS a i ʻole Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

• ʻO ke kaha e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Hana hou i ka umauma ma hope o ka Mastectomy

• ʻO Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

• Nā umauma nui: nā pane i nā nīnau maʻamau

• Ua ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Hormone Therapy no ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai

• ʻO nā Therapy Cancer i kau ʻia

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi ʻaʻai

• Hoʻololi ʻo BRCA: ʻIke Pilikino a me nā hōʻike genetic

• Ke hoʻāʻo genetic no ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina maʻi maʻi maʻi Syndromes

No ka ʻike ākea maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe mai ka National Cancer Institute, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• E pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke hoʻokū nei

• ʻO Chemotherapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Radiation Therapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Ke kāohi nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• Nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• No nā mea ola a me nā mea mālama