Types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq

Hoʻomaʻo Bladder Cancer (®) - Mana Mana Manaʻo

ʻO ka ʻikepili ākea e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder

NA MANA KUNI

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi he maʻi ia e kū ai nā maʻi ʻino (maʻi ʻaʻai) i loko o nā aʻa o ka pūpū.
• Hiki i ka puhihihi ke hoʻololi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūpū me ke koko i ka mimi a me ka ʻeha i ka wā o ka urination.
• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e nānā i ka mimi a me ka maʻi huki e kōkua ai e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi he maʻi ia e kū ai nā maʻi ʻino (maʻi ʻaʻai) i loko o nā aʻa o ka pūpū.

ʻO ka pūpū he hui hakahaka ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka ʻōpū. Ua like ia me kahi baluna liʻiliʻi a he paia muscular kona e hiki ai iā ia ke hele a nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi e mālama i ka mimi i hana ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa. Aia nā puʻupaʻa ʻelua, hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka iwi ʻaoʻao, ma luna o ka pūhaka. ʻO nā tubula liʻiliʻi i nā kānana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko. Lawe lākou i nā huahana neoneo a hana i ka mimi. Holo ka mimi mai kēlā me kēia puʻupaʻa ma o kahi paipu lōʻihi i kapa ʻia he ureter i loko o ka pūpū. Mālama ka puhā i ka mimi a hala i ka urethra a haʻalele i ke kino.

ʻO Anatomy o ka ʻōnaehana urinary kāne (pan panel hema) a me ka ʻōnaehana urinary wahine (panela ʻākau) e hōʻike ana i nā puʻupaʻa, nā ureter, nā pūpū, a me nā urethra. Hana ʻia ka mimi i loko o nā tubula o ka puʻupaʻa a ʻohiʻohi i ke pelvis kidney o kēlā me kēia puʻupaʻa. Kahe ka mimi mai nā puʻupaʻa ma o nā ureter i ka pūpū. Mālama ʻia ka mimi i loko o ka pūpū a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kino ma o ka urethra.

Aia he ʻekolu mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi bladder e hoʻomaka i loko o nā hunaola i ka uhi o ka pūpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau maʻi maʻi maʻi no ke ʻano o nā hunaola i lilo i mea hōʻino (maʻi ʻaʻai).

• Ka maʻi kanesa transitional: Ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā hunaola i loko o ka papahō o loko o ka huki. Hiki i kēia mau hunaola ke kīloi i ka wā e piha ai ka puhū a emi i ka wā e ninini ʻia ai. Hoʻomaka ka hapanui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi i nā keena hoʻololi. Hiki ke haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe-pae ʻo carcinoma transitional cell:

• Hoʻihoʻi pinepine ka carcinoma transitional cell haʻahaʻa (e hoʻi hou mai) ma hope o ka lapaʻau, akā paʻa liʻiliʻi i ka mahele o ka pūpū a iʻole nā ​​wahi'ē aʻe o ke kino.

• Kū pinepine ka carcinoma transitional cell high-grade (hoʻi hou) ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana a pālahalaha pinepine ʻia i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka pūpū, i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, a i nā lymph node. ʻAneʻane pau nā make ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka maʻi maʻi kiʻekiʻe.

• Ka maʻi kanesa o ka squamous cell: Ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā hunaola squamous (lahilahi, a me nā hunaola pālahalaha e uhi ana i ka loko o ka ʻai. Hiki ke hana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ka maʻi lōʻihi a i ʻole ka huhū.

• Adenocarcinoma: Ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā hunaola glandular i loaʻa i ka uhi o ka pale. Hana nā hunaola glandular i ka bladder i nā mea e like me ka mucus. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai nui ʻole o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Kāhea ʻia ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka pale o ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui loa i maʻi ʻaʻai. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o ka uhi ʻana o ka pūpū a komo i ka paia o ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole pālahalaha ʻia i nā mea kokoke a ʻo nā lymph node i kapa ʻia he maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi.

E ʻike i nā hōʻuluʻulu aʻe no ka ʻike hou aku:

• Mālama ʻia ʻo Renal Cell Cancer Cancer

• ʻO ke kanulau maʻi hoʻololi o ka Pelvis Renal a me ka mālama ʻana ʻo Ureter

• Pākuʻi a me nā loiloi ʻē aʻe i nā ʻōkuhi Urothelial

• Nā Cancers Kūpono ʻole o ka Hoʻōla Pēpē

Hiki i ka puhihihi ke hoʻololi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻonui i kou manawa e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia he kumu weliweli. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu e loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻaʻohe o nā kumu pilikia ʻaʻole ia he kumu ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe hiki i ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū e like me kēia:

• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka paka, keu hoʻi i ka puhi baka ʻana.

• Ke loaʻa nei i kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Loaʻa i kekahi mau loli i nā genes e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi.

• Ke hōʻike ʻia nei i nā pena, nā kala, nā metala, a i ʻole nā ​​aila ʻaila ma kahi hana.

• ʻO ka hana i hala me ka radiation radiation i ka pelvis a i ʻole me kekahi mau lāʻau anticancer, e like me cyclophosphamide a i ʻole ifosfamide.

• Lawe iā Aristolochia fangchi, kahi mea kanu Kina.

• ʻO ka wai inu mai kahi luawai e loaʻa i nā arsenic kiʻekiʻe.

• ʻO ka wai inu i mālama ʻia me ka chlorine.

• Loaʻa i ka moʻaukala o nā maʻi bladder, me nā maʻi bladder i hoʻokumu ʻia e Schistosoma haematobium.

• Ke hoʻohana nei i nā cateter mimi no kahi manawa lōʻihi.

ʻO ka ʻelemakule kahi pilikia no ka nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻonui ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou ʻelemakule ʻana.

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūpū me ke koko i ka mimi a me ka ʻeha i ka wā o ka urination.

ʻO kēia a me nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i kumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe. E hōʻoia me kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke koko i loko o ka mimi (a pala a ʻula a ʻulaʻula i ke kala).

• Urination pinepine.

• ʻEha i ka wā urination.

• ʻEha ʻeha o lalo.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e nānā i ka mimi a me ka maʻi huki e kōkua ai e ʻike (loaʻa) a ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a me nā kaʻina hana aʻe:

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kino a me ka mōʻaukala : kahi hōʻike o ke kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona laulā o ke olakino, e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e ʻano ʻē. E lawe ʻia kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻano olakino o ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi i hala a me nā mālama ʻana.

• ʻO ka hoʻowalewale kūloko : kahi hōʻike o ka lua a me / a i ʻole ka pololei. Hoʻokomo ke kauka i ka lubricated, nā manamana lima i komo i loko o ka moku a me / a i ʻole ka pololei e manaʻo ai no nā lumps.

• ʻO Urinalysis : kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i ke kala o ka mimi a me nā mea o loko, e like me ke kō, protein, ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻula koko keʻokeʻo.

• Urine cytology : kahi hōʻike keʻena hoʻokolohua kahi e nānā ʻia ai kahi laʻana o ka mimi ma lalo o kahi microscope no nā hunaola ʻokoʻa.

• Cystoscopy : kahi hana e nānā ai i loko o ka puhā a me ka urethra e nānā ai no nā wahi kūpono ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi cystoscope ma o ka urethra i loko o ka puhā. ʻO kahi cystoscope kahi mea lahilahi, e like me ka Tube me kahi kukui a me nā aniani no ka nānā ʻana. Loaʻa paha iā ia kahi mea hana e hemo i nā mea kiko kiko, i nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Cystoscopy. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi cystoscope (kahi mea lahilahi, like me ka ipukukui me ke kukui a me nā aniani no ka nānā ʻana) ma o ka urethra i loko o ka pale. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai e hoʻopiha i ka ʻai. Nānā ke kauka i kahi kiʻi o ka paia o loko o ka puhā ma ka nānā kamepiula.

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): kahi moʻo o nā kukuna x o nā puʻupaʻa, nā ureter, a me nā pūpū e ʻike ai inā aia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kēia mau lālā. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kala ʻokoʻa i kahi aa koko. Ke neʻe nei ke kala ʻokoʻa ma nā puʻupaʻa, nā ureter, a me nā ʻōpū, lawe ʻia nā kukuna x e ʻike inā aia kekahi mau ālai.

ʻO Biopsy: Ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hana pinepine ʻia kahi biopsy no ka maʻi ʻaʻai bladder i ka wā cystoscopy. Hiki paha ke hemo i ka tumo holoʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka biopsy.

Kū kekahi mau kumu i ka wānana (kahi o ke ola ʻana) a me nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka wānana (ka manawa kūpono o ke ola ʻana) kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻO ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (inā ʻo ia ka maʻi ʻaʻai superficial a invasive paha o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a inā ua hoʻolaha ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino). Hiki ke hoʻōla pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū.

• Ke ʻano o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a me pehea lākou e nānā ai ma lalo o kahi microscope.

• Inā paha he carcinoma ma situ i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka pūpū.

• ʻO ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui a me ke olakino laulā.

Inā papa ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai, pili pū ka wānana i kēia:

• Ehia mau puʻukū.

• ʻO ka nui o nā tumors.

• Inā ua hoʻi hou ka tumo (hoʻi mai) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.

Pili nā koho lapaʻau i ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi.

Nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder

NA MANA KUNI

• Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

• E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā pae aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi ʻaʻai:

• ʻOihana 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma a me Carcinoma ma Situ)

• Ke kahua I

• Kahua II

• Kahua III

• Kahua IV

Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e ʻike inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka pale a me ka mākala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino i kapa ʻia he staging. ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoholo ai i ka pae o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ke kahua i mea e hoʻolālā ai i ka lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe a me nā kaʻina hana i ke kaʻina hoʻonohonoho:

• CT scan (CAT scan) : Kahi hana e hana ai i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi e kahi kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mīkini x-ray. Hoʻokomo ʻia paha ke kala i loko o ke aa a i ʻole ale ʻia e kōkua i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​kino i hōʻike hou aku me ka maopopo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he tomography i helu ʻia, kamepiula tomography, a i ʻole he tomography axial computerized. I ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki i ka CT scan ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi o ka umauma, ʻōpū, a me ke pelvis.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) : Kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ka magnet, nā nalu lekiō, a me kahi kamepiula e hana i kahi o nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā wahi i loko o ke kino, e like me ka lolo. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he kiʻi nukelea kiʻi resonance (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan) : kahi hana e loaʻa ai nā puʻupuʻu tumo malignant i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka glucose radioactive (kō) i loko o kahi aa koko. Hoʻopili ka scanner PET a puni ke kino a hana i kahi kiʻi o kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka glucose i ke kino. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā hunaola tumo ma ke kiʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hana a lawe i ka glucose ma mua o ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola maʻamau. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana e nānā inā aia he mau puʻupuʻu maʻi malignant i nā lymph node.

• ʻO ke kukui x : kahi x-ray o nā mea a me nā iwi i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka x-ray kahi ʻano kukuna ikehu e hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kino a ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e hana ana i kiʻi o nā wahi i loko o ke kino.

ʻImi iwi: kahi hana e nānā ai inā aia he wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hunaola, e like me nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, i ka iwi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea radioactive i loko o ke aa a hele i waena o ke kahe o ke koko. Hōʻiliʻili ka mea lekiō i nā iwi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻike ʻia e kahi scanner.

ʻEkolu ala e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā meaola, ka ʻōnaehana lymph, a me ke koko.

• Kāpena. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ka ulu ʻana i nā wahi kokoke.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lymph. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha lymph i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Koko. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ke komo ʻana i ke koko. Hele ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma o nā kīʻaha koko i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E laha paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, ua kapa ʻia ia ʻo metastasis. E haki nā hunaola maʻi 'aʻai mai kahi a lākou i hoʻomaka ai (ka tumo mua) a hele i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph a i ʻole ke koko.

• ʻŌnaehana Lymph. Komo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymph, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha lymph, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• Koko. Komo ke kanesa i loko o ke koko, hele ma waena o nā kīʻaha koko, a hana i kahi tumo (tumo metastatic) i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

ʻO ka tumo metastatic ka ʻano like o ke kanesa me ka tumo mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūhū i ka iwi, ʻo nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka iwi he mau pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai metastatic bladder, ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai iwi.

Hana ʻia nā make he nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke neʻe ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka tumo kumu a pāhola ʻia i nā aʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kapa ʻia kēia ka maʻi ʻaʻai metastatic. Hōʻike kēia haʻuki i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi maʻi mai ka wahi i ke kino kahi i hana mua ʻia ai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā pae aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi ʻaʻai:

ʻOihana 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma a me Carcinoma ma Situ)

Kanesa 0 ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū. ʻIke ʻia nā hunaola maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka pale i loko o ka pā. ʻO ke kahua 0a (i kapa ʻia he noninvasive papillary carcinoma) e like paha me ka lōʻihi, nā ulu lahilahi e ulu ana mai ka pale o ka ʻai. ʻO ke kahua 0is (i kapa ʻia ʻo carcinoma in situ) kahi tumo pālahalaha ma nā ʻili e uhi ana i ka loko o ka ʻai.

I ke kahua 0, ʻike ʻia nā hunaola ʻino i ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻaʻa i loko o ka pale. Hiki i kēia mau ʻino ʻino ke lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai a hohola ʻia i loko o nā kiko maʻamau. Māhele ʻia ka pae 0 i nā pae 0a a me ka 0is, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka tumo.

• Kāhea ʻia ka pae 0a noninvasive papillary carcinoma, e like paha me ka lōʻihi, nā ulu lahilahi e ulu ana mai ka uhi ʻana o ka bladder.

• Kapa ʻia ke kahua 0is carcinoma in situ, kahi tumo pālahalaha ma nā ʻili e uhi ana i ka loko o ka ʻai.

Ke kahua I

ʻO ke kahua I ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka papa o nā mea hoʻopili pili aʻe i ka pale o loko o ka pākū.

I ke kahua I, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai a pāhola i ka papa o nā mea hoʻopili pili aʻe i ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka pale.

Kahua II

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi o ka pae II. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā papa o nāʻiʻo o ka pūpū.

I ka pae II, ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā papa o nāʻiʻo o ka pūpū.

Kahua III

Māhele ʻia ka pae III i nā pae IIIA a me IIIB.

• I ke kahua IIIA:

• ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka puhā a hiki i ka papa o ka momona e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻōpū a ua pāhola paha i nā mea hoʻohua (prostate, seminal vesicle, uterus, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala) a ʻaʻole pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph; a i ʻole

• ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka puhā a i hoʻokahi pūnana lymph ma ke pelvis ʻaʻole kokoke i nā aʻa ʻiliac maʻamau (nā aʻa nui ma ka pelvis).

ʻO ke kahua maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka puhā a i (a) ka papa o ka momona a puni ka ʻai a ua pāhola paha i ka prostate a me / a i ʻole nā ​​seminal vesicle i loko o nā kāne a i ʻole ka uterus a me / a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala i nā wahine, a ʻaʻole pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph; aiʻole (b) hoʻokahi kōpona lymph i ke pelvis ʻaʻole kokoke i nā aʻa ʻiliac maʻamau.

• I ke kahua IIIB, ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi pūnana lymph ma ke pelvis kokoke i nā aʻa iliac maʻamau a i ʻole ma hoʻokahi o nā lymph node kokoke i nā aʻa ʻiliaka maʻamau.

Papa IIIB maʻi ʻaʻai. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka puhā a i (a) ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pūnana lymph ma ke pelvis ʻaʻole kokoke i nā aʻa ʻiliac maʻamau; aiʻole (b) ma kahi o hoʻokahi pona lymph kokoke i nā aʻa ʻiliac maʻamau.

Kahua IV

ʻO ke kahua IVA a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai IVB. I ke kahua IVA, ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka puhā a i (a) ka paia o ka ʻōpū a pelvis paha; aiʻole (b) nā lymph node ma luna o nā aʻa ʻiliac maʻamau. I ke kahua IVB, ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i (c) nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e like me ka hū, ke ake, a me ka iwi.

Māhele ʻia ka pae IV i nā pae IVA a me IVB.

• I ke kahua IVA:

• ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka ʻai a i ka paia o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ke pelvis; a i ʻole

• ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph ma luna o nā aʻa iliac maʻamau (nā aʻa nui i ka pelvis).

• I ke kahua IVB, ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e like me ka hū, ka iwi, a me ke akepaʻa.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi hou

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi hānai he maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi hou (hoʻi) ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana. E hoʻi paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Laulā Manaʻo Option Oponopono

NA MANA KUNI

• Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻehā o ka hoʻoponopono maʻamau:

• ʻOki kino

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

• ʻO Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy

• Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei nā ʻano lapaʻau hou i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

• Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.

• Hiki i nā mea maʻi ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope paha o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kā lākou mālama maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Pono paha nā hoʻokolohua ukali.

Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Loaʻa nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kūlana maʻamau kekahi mau hōʻailona (ʻo ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa), a ʻo kekahi e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua lapaʻau kahi noiʻi noiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mālama ʻana i kēia manawa a i ʻole loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mālama hou no nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi lapaʻau hou ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau, lilo paha ka lāʻau hou i ka lapaʻau maʻamau. Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hāmama wale i nā mea maʻi i hoʻomaka ʻole i ka lāʻau.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻehā o ka hoʻoponopono maʻamau:

ʻOki kino

E hana ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano ʻoki aʻe:

• Transurethral resection (TUR) me ka hoʻopiha ʻana: Ke ʻoki kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi cystoscope (kahi paipu kukui lahilahi) i loko o ka puhū ma o ka urethra. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hana me kahi kaula uea liʻiliʻi ma ka hopena e lawe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole e puhi i ka tumo me ka uila uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻo fulguration.

• ʻO ka cystectomy radical: ʻoki e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā pūnana lymph a me nā mea kokoke e loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki ke hana i kēia ʻokiʻoki ke komo ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai i ka paia muscle, a i ʻole ke komo ʻana ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻoi loa i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pūpū. I nā kāne, ʻo nā mea kokoke e lawe ʻia ʻo ia ka prostate a me nā vesicle seminal. I nā wahine, hemo ka uterus, nā ovaries, a me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala. I kekahi manawa, ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma waho o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo loa, hiki ke hana ʻia ke kīpē e hoʻoneʻe i ka pākeke e hōʻemi ai i nā hōʻailona urinary i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai. I ka wā e hemo ai ka puhū, hana ka mea ʻoki loa i kahi ala ʻē aʻe no ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mimi i ke kino.

• Paukū cystectomy: ʻoki kino e hemo hapa o ka bladder. Hiki ke hana i kēia ʻoki kino no nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ka tumo haʻahaʻa i komo i ka paia o ka puhā akā ua kaupalena ʻia i hoʻokahi wahi o ka ʻōpū. Ma muli o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o ka bladder, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke mimi maʻamau ma hope o ke ola ʻana mai kēia ʻoki kino. Kapa ʻia kēia mea he cystectomy segmental.

• Hoʻololi i ka mimi: e hana i kahi ala hou no ka kino e mālama ai a hele i ka mimi.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ke kauka i nā maʻi ʻaʻai āpau i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka manawa o ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau mea maʻi ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka chemotherapy ma hope o ke kaha ʻana e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻea i koe. Lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu e hoʻi mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo adjuvant therapy.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

ʻO ka radiation radiation kahi lāʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā kukuna x nui ikaika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano radiation e hoʻomake i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a mālama ʻole paha i ka ulu ʻana. ʻElua ʻano o radiation radiation:

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation kūwaho i kahi mīkini ma waho o ke kino e hoʻouna i ka radiation i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i loko i kahi lāʻau radioactive i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā nila, nā hua, nā uea, a i ʻole nā ​​catheters i kau pololei ʻia i loko a kokoke paha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka radiation radiation i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation radiation kūwaho e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau e hōʻoki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, ma ka luku ʻana paha i nā hunaola a i ʻole ke kū ʻana iā lākou mai ka hoʻokaʻawale Ke lawe ʻia ka chemotherapy e ka waha a i ʻole injected i loko o kahi aa koko a i ʻole nā ​​mākala, komo nā lāʻau i ke kahe o ke koko a hiki ke kiʻi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻōpio i loko o ke kino (chemotherapy ʻōnaehana). Ke waiho pololei ʻia ka chemotherapy i loko o ka wai cerebrospinal, kahi hui, a i ʻole ke kino o ke kino e like me ka ʻōpū, hoʻopili ka lāʻau i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kēlā mau wahi (chemotherapy āpana). No ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi ʻai, intravesical paha ka chemotherapy āpana (hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pāpaʻi ma o kahi paipu i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka urethra). Hāʻawi ʻia ke ala o ka chemotherapy i ka ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama ʻia. Hoʻohui ka chemotherapy hui me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi lāʻau anticancer.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻa Bladder no ka ʻike hou aku.

Immunotherapy

ʻO ka Immunotherapy kahi lapaʻau e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi o ka mea maʻi e hakakā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kino a i hana ʻia paha i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻonui, kuhikuhi, a hoʻihoʻi hou i nā pale kūlohelohe o ke kino i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai a biotherapy a i ʻole biologic therapy.

Aia kekahi ʻano o ka immunotherapy:

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pākōkō pale pale maʻi: PD-1 mea kāohi he ʻano ʻano pale pale huli ʻoki kūpaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi. ʻO PD-1 kahi protein i ka ʻili o nā hunaola T e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i nā pane pale o ke kino. Ke hoʻopili aku ʻo PD-1 i kahi protein ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo PDL-1 ma kahi hunaola maʻi ʻoki, paʻa ia i ke kele T mai ka luku ʻana i ka pūnaeho maʻi maʻi. Hoʻopili nā mea pale PD-1 i PDL-1 a ʻae i nā hunaola T e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO Pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, avelumab, a me durvalumab kekahi mau ʻano o nā mea kāohi iā PD-1.

Mea hoʻopukapuka hōʻoiaʻiʻo pale pale. ʻO nā protein checkpoint, e like me PD-L1 ma nā hunaola tumo a me PD-1 ma nā hunaola T, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā pane pale ʻole. Mālama ka paʻa ʻana o PD-L1 iā PD-1 mālama i nā hunaola T mai ka pepehi ʻana i nā hunaola tumora i loko o ke kino (panel hema). Ke kāpae nei i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o PD-L1 iā PD-1 me kahi mea pale pale pale pale pale (anti-PD-L1 a i ʻole anti-PD-1) ʻae i nā hunaola T e pepehi i nā hunaola tumera (ʻaoʻao ʻākau)

Hoʻohana ka Immunotherapy i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e kaua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo kēia ʻano ʻoniʻoni i kekahi ʻano o ka immunotherapy e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe pale pale pale e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin): Hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū me kahi immunotherapy intravesical i kapa ʻia ʻo BCG. Hāʻawi ʻia ka BCG i kahi hopena e waiho pololei ʻia i loko o ka pahu i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka catheter (paipu lahilahi).

Hoʻohana ka Immunotherapy i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e kaua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo kēia leʻaleʻa i kekahi ʻano o ka immunotherapy i kapa ʻia he nonspecific immune stimulation i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

E ʻike i nā lāʻau i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻa Bladder no ka ʻike hou aku.

Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei nā ʻano lapaʻau hou i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Loaʻa nā ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mai ka pūnaewele NCI.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena i hopena ʻia e ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e ʻike i kā mākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.

Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.

No kekahi mau mea maʻi, ke komo nei i ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ke koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa paha. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi ʻāpana o ka noiʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā palekana a maikaʻi a maikaʻi paha nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana maʻamau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kau ʻia ma nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua mua. ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau maʻamau a i ʻole i waena o nā mea mua i loaʻa kahi lāʻau hou.

ʻO nā mea maʻi i komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nā ​​alakaʻi hoʻokolohua e alakaʻi i nā hoʻoponopono hou maikaʻi, pane pinepine lākou i nā nīnau nui a kōkua i ka neʻe i mua o ka noiʻi.

Hiki i nā mea maʻi ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope paha o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kā lākou mālama maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻopili wale kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka lapaʻau. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i nā mālama ʻana no ka poʻe maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo i nā ala hou e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka hoʻi hou ʻana (hoʻi ʻana) a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke mālama ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e kākoʻo ʻia e NCI ma ka pūnaewele ʻimi noiʻi hoʻokolohua a NCI. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i kākoʻo ʻia e nā hui ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele ClinicalTrials.gov.

Pono paha nā hoʻokolohua ukali.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole e ʻike i ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻa e hana hou ʻia paha. E hana hou ʻia kekahi mau hōʻike i mea e ʻike ai i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana inā e hoʻomau, hoʻololi, a kū paha i ka lāʻau ʻana ma nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo.

E hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua mai kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau. Hiki i nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke hōʻike inā ua loli kou ʻano a i ʻole inā ua hoʻi hou ke kanesa. Kapa ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo i kekahi manawa nā hoʻokolohua ukali a i ʻole nā ​​loiloi.

Hoʻi pinepine ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder (hoʻi hou), ʻoiai ke ʻoi aku ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka urinary tract e nānā no ka hoʻi hou ʻana he mea maʻamau ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke nānā pono nei ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ke ʻole nā ​​loli i nā hopena hōʻike e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana. I ka wā e nānā pono ai, hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolokolo a me nā hoʻokolohua ma kahi papa manawa maʻamau. Hiki i ka nānā ʻana ke hoʻopili i ka ureteroscopy a me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi. E ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ma luna.

Nā koho lapaʻau e ke kahua

n Keia Pauku

• ʻOihana 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma a me Carcinoma ma Situ)
• ʻOihana I ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder
• Mahele II a me III maʻi ʻaʻai
• ʻOihana IV Bladder Cancer
• No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

ʻOihana 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma a me Carcinoma ma Situ)

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kahua 0 (noninvasive papillary carcinoma a me carcinoma ma kahi) hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka transurethral resection me ka hoʻopiha. E ukali ʻia paha kēia e kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy Intravesical ma hope pono o ke kaha ʻana.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy intravesical ma hope pono o ke kaha ʻana a laila mālama mau i nā lāʻau me BCG intravesical a i ʻole chemotherapy kūwaho.

• Cystectomy ʻaoʻao.
• Cystectomy radical.
• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi lapaʻau hou.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

ʻOihana I ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpala I hiki ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka transurethral resection me ka hoʻopiha. E ukali ʻia paha kēia e kekahi o kēia mau mea:

  Hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy Intravesical ma hope pono o ke kaha ʻana.

  Hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy intravesical ma hope pono o ke kaha ʻana a laila mālama mau i nā lāʻau me BCG intravesical a i ʻole chemotherapy kūwaho.

• Cystectomy ʻaoʻao.
• Cystectomy radical.
• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi lapaʻau hou.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Mahele II a me III maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā anuu II a me III i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi paha e hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

• Cystectomy radical.
• Hoʻohui ʻia ka chemotherapy e ukali ʻia e cystectomy radical. Hiki ke hana i ka loli urinary.
• ʻO ka radiation radiation kūwaho me a me ka ʻole o ka chemotherapy.
• Paukū cystectomy me a i ʻole chemotherapy.
• ʻO ka transurethral resection me ka hoʻopiha.
• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi lapaʻau hou.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

ʻOihana IV Bladder Cancer

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai IV maʻi maʻi i pāhola ʻole ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e komo pū paha me kēia:

• ʻO Chemotherapy.

• ʻO ka cystectomy radical wale nō a i ukali ʻia e chemotherapy.

• ʻO ka radiation radiation kūwaho me a me ka ʻole o ka chemotherapy.

• ʻO ka hoʻololi urinary a i ʻole cystectomy ma ke ʻano he palliative therapy e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai IV pae i pāhola ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e like me ka hū, ka iwi, a me ke akepaʻa, e hoʻopili pū paha i kēia mau mea:

• Chemotherapy me a i ʻole me ka ʻole kūloko lapaʻau (ʻoki kino a radiation radiation).

• Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy).

• ʻO ka radiation radiation kūwaho ma ke ʻano he palliative therapy e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

• ʻO ka hoʻololi urinary a i ʻole cystectomy ma ke ʻano he palliative therapy e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o nā lāʻau anticancer hou.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo Bladder

No ka ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo, e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao Overtion Option Overview.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai hou e pili ana i ka lāʻau ma mua a me kahi i hoʻi hou ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka maʻi hou.

• Hoʻohui chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy).
• ʻO ke kaha no nā tumors superficial a i ʻole localized. E ukali ʻia ke ʻoki lāʻau e ka lāʻau biologic a me / a i ʻole chemotherapy.
• ʻO ka radiation radiation ma ke ʻano he palliative therapy e hōʻoluʻolu ai i nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.
• ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kahi lapaʻau hou.

E hoʻohana i kā mākou ʻimi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua maʻi maʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e NCI e ʻae nei i nā mea maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, a kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolokolo. Loaʻa nā ʻike laulā e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder

No ka ʻike hou aku mai ka National Cancer Institute e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• ʻAoʻao Home ʻAoʻao Kālepa
• Pākuʻi a me nā loiloi ʻē aʻe i nā ʻōkuhi Urothelial
• Nā Cancers Kūpono ʻole o ka Hoʻōla Pēpē
• Ua ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai Bladder
• ʻO nā mea olaola no ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Paka (me ke kōkua me ka haʻalele ʻana)

No ka ʻike ākea maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe mai ka National Cancer Institute, e ʻike i ka mea aʻe:

• E pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Ke hoʻokū nei
• ʻO Chemotherapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Radiation Therapy a ʻo ʻoe: Kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Ke kāohi nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• No nā mea ola a me nā mea mālama

E pili ana i kēia Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

E pili ana iā

ʻO ka Query Data Query () ka National Cancer Institute's (NCI) pūnaewele hōkeoʻikepili maʻi maʻi. Aia i loko o ka waihona nā hōʻuluʻulu o ka ʻike hou i paʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka loaʻa ʻana, nā genetics, ka mālama ʻana, ka mālama kōkua ʻana, a me nā lāʻau kōkua kōkua a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo i nā mana ʻelua. Loaʻa i nā mana ʻoihana olakino ka ʻike kikoʻī i kākau ʻia i ka ʻōlelo loea. Kākau ʻia nā mana hoʻomanawanui i ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, maopopo ʻole. Loaʻa nā ʻike ʻelua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai pololei a pili i kēia lā a loaʻa pū ka hapanui o nā mana i ka Paniolo.

He lawelawe ʻo o ka NCI. ʻO ka NCI ʻāpana o ka National Institutes of Health (NIH). ʻO NIH ke kikowaena aupuni o ka noiʻi biomedical. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu ma ka loiloi kūʻokoʻa o nā puke olakino. ʻAʻole lākou he ʻōlelo kulekele o ka NCI a me ka NIH.

Ke kumu o kēia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO kēia hōʻuluʻulu ʻike maʻi i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi. He mea ia e hoʻomaopopo a kōkua i nā mea maʻi, ʻohana, a me nā mea mālama. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i nā kulekele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i ka mālama olakino.

Loiloi a me nā mea hou

Kākau nā Papa Hoʻoponopono i nā hōʻuluʻulu ʻike maʻi maʻi a mālama iā lākou i kēia lā. Hana ʻia kēia mau Papa i ka poʻe loea i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Nānā pinepine ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo a hoʻololi ʻia ke loaʻa kahi ʻike hou. ʻO ka lā ma kēlā me kēia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ("Hoʻohou") ka lā o ka loli hou loa.

ʻO ka ʻike i loko o kēia hōʻuluʻulu hoʻomanawanui i lawe ʻia mai ka mana ʻoihana olakino, i loiloi pinepine ʻia a hoʻonui hou ʻia e like me ka mea e pono ai, e ka Papa Hoʻoponopono Hoʻoponopono Mālama makua .

Ka ʻIʻike Hoʻokolohua Lapaʻau

ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kahi noiʻi e pane i kahi nīnau ʻepekema, e like me ka ʻoi aku o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma mua o kekahi. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ma nā noiʻi i hala a me nā mea i aʻo ʻia i ka hale hana. Pane kēlā me kēia hoʻokolokolo i kekahi mau nīnau ʻepekema i mea e loaʻa ai nā ala hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kōkua ai i nā mea maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. I ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o kahi lāʻau hou a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana. Inā hōʻike kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi lāʻau hou ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa, hiki i ka lāʻau hou ke lilo i "maʻamau." Makemake paha nā mea maʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e hāmama wale i nā mea maʻi i hoʻomaka ʻole i ka lāʻau.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma ka pūnaewele ma ka pūnaewele NCI. No ka ʻike hou aku, e kāhea aku i ka Service ʻIkepili Kanesa (CIS), ke kikowaena pili o NCI, ma 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Ka ʻae e hoʻohana i kēia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO kahi inoa inoa inoa. Hiki ke hoʻohana manuahi ʻia nā ʻike o nā palapala ma ke ʻano he huaʻōlelo. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻuluʻulu ʻike maʻi maʻi NCI ke ʻole hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻuluʻulu holoʻokoʻa a hōʻano hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻia kahi mea hoʻohana e kākau i kahi ʻōlelo e like me "NCI's cancer cancer hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e hōʻike ana i nā pōpilikia ma ke ala aʻe:

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi e ʻōlelo ai i kēia hōʻuluʻulu :

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The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Managing Cancer Care page.

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