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Maganin Ciwon Canjin Thyroid (Manya) (®) –Baƙin haƙuri
Janar Bayani Game da Ciwon Cutar Thyroid
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Ciwon kansa na cuta shine cuta wanda ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna (ciwon daji) ke samuwa a cikin ƙyauren glandar.
- Nodules na thyroid suna da yawa amma yawanci ba ciwon daji bane.
- Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan cutar sankara.
- Shekaru, jinsi, da kuma bayyanawa ga radiation na iya shafar haɗarin cutar kansa na thyroid.
- Medullary ciwon daji na thyroid wani lokacin yana haifar da canji a cikin kwayar halittar da ake wucewa daga iyaye zuwa yaro.
- Alamomin cutar sankara sun hada da kumburi ko kumburi a wuya.
- Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar cututtukan thyroid, wuya, da jini don ganowa (gano) da kuma gano cutar kansa.
- Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Ciwon kansa na cuta shine cuta wanda ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna (ciwon daji) ke samuwa a cikin ƙyauren glandar.
Thyroid din gland ne a gindin makogwaro kusa da trachea (windpipe). An fasalta shi kamar malam buɗe ido, tare da ƙwarin dama da na hagu. Isthmus, ɗan ƙaramin nama, yana haɗuwa da lobes biyu. Kyakkyawan thyroid ya fi girma kwata-kwata. Yawanci ba za a ji shi ta fata ba.
Thyroid yana amfani da iodine, ma'adinai da ake samu a wasu abinci da kuma cikin gishirin iodized, don taimakawa yin homon da yawa. Hormone na thyroid suna yin haka:
- Gudanar da bugun zuciya, zafin jiki, da yadda da sauri abinci ya canza zuwa makamashi (metabolism).
- Kula da adadin kalsiyam a cikin jini.
Nodules na thyroid suna da yawa amma yawanci ba ciwon daji bane.
Kwararka na iya samun dunƙule (nodule) a cikin maganin ka yayin gwajin likita na yau da kullun. Nodule na thyroid shine ci gaban mahaukaci na sel a cikin thyroid. Nodules na iya zama cikakke ko cike da ruwa.
Lokacin da aka samo nodule na thyroid, duban dan tayi na maganin karoid da kuma kwayar cutar kwayar cutar allura mai kyau ana yin su sau da yawa don bincika alamun kansar. Hakanan za'a iya yin gwajin jini don auna matakan hormone na thyroid da kuma maganin antithyroid a cikin jini don bincika wasu nau'in cututtukan thyroid.
Nodules na thyroid ba sa haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ko buƙatar magani. Wasu lokuta nodules na thyroid suna da girma ta yadda da wuya a haɗiye ko numfashi kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da magani. Aananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin thyroid nodules ne kawai aka gano a matsayin ciwon daji.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan cutar sankara.
Ana iya bayyana cutar kansa ta thyroid kamar dai:
- Bambancin cututtukan karoid, wanda ya hada da bambance-bambancen da ke da kyau, da raunin da ya bambanta da kyau, da kuma ciwace-ciwacen da ba a rarrabe ba; ko
- Medullary ciwon daji na thyroid.
Za'a iya magance cututtukan da suka banbanta (cututtukan karoid da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwayar cuta) kuma yawanci ana iya warkewa.
Raunin da ba a iya rarrabewa da shi ba (ƙananan cututtukan thyroid) ba su da yawa. Wadannan kumburi suna girma suna yaduwa cikin sauri kuma suna da rashi damar dawowa. Marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar kiba ya kamata su yi gwajin kwayoyin don maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar BRAF.
Medullary thyroid cancer shine ƙwayar neuroendocrine wanda ke tasowa a cikin ƙwayoyin C na thyroid. Kwayoyin C suna yin hormone (calcitonin) wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye ƙarancin alli cikin jini.
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Jiyya na Ciwon Cancer na Yara na yara don bayani game da cutar sanƙarar ƙanƙarar yara.
Shekaru, jinsi, da kuma bayyanawa ga radiation na iya shafar haɗarin cutar kansa na thyroid.
Duk wani abu da zai kara maka hadarin kamuwa da cuta to ana kiran sa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya fuskantar haɗari.
Hanyoyin haɗari ga cutar ta thyroid sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Kasancewa tsakanin shekaru 25 zuwa 65.
- Kasancewa mace.
- Kasancewa da haskakawa ga kai da wuya a matsayin jariri ko yaro ko kuma fuskantar matsalar faɗuwar iska. Ciwon kansa na iya faruwa da zaran shekaru 5 bayan kamuwa da cutar.
- Samun tarihin goiter (kara girman thyroid).
- Samun tarihin iyali na cututtukan thyroid ko maganin karoid.
- Samun wasu halaye na kwayar halitta kamar su dangin cututtukan thyroid (FMTC), cututtukan cututtukan neoplasia na 2A da yawa (MEN2A), ko cututtukan cututtukan neoplasia na 2B da yawa (MEN2B).
- Kasancewa Asiya.
Medullary ciwon daji na thyroid wani lokacin yana haifar da canji a cikin kwayar halittar da ake wucewa daga iyaye zuwa yaro.
Kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta suna daukar bayanan gado ne daga iyaye zuwa ga yaro. Wani canji a cikin RET gene wanda aka wuce daga iyaye zuwa yaro (ya gaji) na iya haifar da medullary thyroid cancer.
Akwai gwajin kwayar halitta da ake amfani da ita don bincika canzawar kwayar halitta. An fara gwada mara lafiyar don ganin ko yana da canzawar kwayar halitta. Idan mai haƙuri yana da shi, za a iya gwada sauran dangi don a gano ko suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sankara na thyroid. 'Yan uwa, gami da yara kanana, wadanda suka sami canjin halittar suna iya samun aikin maganin cikin jiki (aikin tiyata don cire thyroid). Wannan na iya rage damar ci gaban medullary thyroid cancer.
Alamomin cutar sankara sun hada da kumburi ko kumburi a wuya.
Ciwon kansa na thyroid ba zai iya haifar da alamun farko ba. Wani lokaci ana samun sa yayin gwajin jiki na yau da kullun. Alamomi ko alamu na iya faruwa yayin da kumburin ya girma. Sauran yanayi na iya haifar da alamu iri ɗaya. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Kullu (nodule) a cikin wuya.
- Rashin numfashi.
- Matsalar haɗiye.
- Jin zafi lokacin haɗiyewa.
- Rashin tsufa.
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar cututtukan thyroid, wuya, da jini don ganowa (gano) da kuma gano cutar kansa.
Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:
- Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihi: Jarabawa ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi (nodules) ko kumburi a wuya, akwatin murya, da lymph nodes, da duk wani abu da yake da alama baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.
- Laryngoscopy: Hanya ce wacce likita ke duba maƙogwaro (akwatin murya) tare da madubi ko maƙogwaro. A laryngoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Ciwan ƙwayar thyroid zai iya danna kan muryoyin murya. Ana yin aikin laryngoscopy don ganin idan igiyoyin sautin suna motsi daidai.
- Nazarin hormone na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu kwayoyin halittar da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan aiki a jiki. Adadin abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na abu zai iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Ana iya bincikar jinin don matakan da ba na al'ada ba na hormone mai motsawa na thyroid (TSH). TSH ana yin sa ne ta sankarar guji a kwakwalwa. Yana kara fitowar kwayar halittar ka da kuma sarrafa saurin yaduwar kwayar cutar. Hakanan za'a iya bincikar jinin don matakan girma na calcitonin na hormone da kwayoyin antiithyroid.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincikar samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwa, kamar su calcium, wanda aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobin jiki da na kyallen takarda a jiki. Adadin abu na yau da kullun (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na iya zama alamar cuta.
- Gwajin duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake fitar da igiyar ruwa mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen ciki ko gabobin jikin mutum a wuyansa kuma amsa kuwwa. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya. Wannan aikin zai iya nuna girman ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa da kuma shin yana da ƙarfi ko kuma cyst mai cike da ruwa. Ana iya amfani da duban dan tayi don jagorantar kwayar halittar fata mai kyau.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar wuya, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.
- Kwayar halittar fata mai kyau ta kwayar cutar thyroid: Cire kayan jikin ka ta hanyar amfani da bakin allura. An shigar da allurar ta cikin fata a cikin thyroid. Ana cire nau'ikan samfuran nama da yawa daga sassa daban daban na thyroid. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon samfurin nama a karkashin madubin likita don neman kwayoyin cutar kansa. Saboda irin cutar kanjamau na iya zama da wuya a iya ganowa, marasa lafiya ya kamata su nemi samfurin biopsy ya bincikar su ta hanyar masanin ilimin lissafi wanda ke da ƙwarewar bincikar kansar karoid.
- Maniyyar tiyata : Cire ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa ko ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa a yayin aikin tiyata don haka ana iya kallon ƙwayoyin da kyallen ɗin a ƙarƙashin madubin likita ta hanyar masanin kimiyya don bincika alamun kansar. Saboda irin cutar kanjamau na iya zama da wuya a iya ganowa, marasa lafiya ya kamata su nemi samfurin biopsy ya bincikar su ta hanyar masanin ilimin lissafi wanda ke da ƙwarewar bincikar kansar karoid.
Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Halin hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da masu zuwa:
- Yawan shekarun mai haƙuri a lokacin ganewar asali.
- Nau'in cututtukan thyroid.
- Matakin ciwon daji.
- Ko an cire cutar kansa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata.
- Ko mai haƙuri yana da nau'ikan 2B neoplasia neoplasia mai yawa (MEN 2B).
- Babban lafiyar mai haƙuri.
- Ko dai an gano cutar kansa ko kuma ta sake dawowa (dawo).
Matakan cutar sankarar thyroid
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Bayan an gano kansar thyroid, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansar sun bazu cikin ƙwayar ka ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
- Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
- Ana amfani da matakai don bayyana kansar ta thyroid dangane da nau'in kansar karoid da kuma shekarun mai haƙuri:
- Papillary da follicular thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya ƙasa da shekaru 55
- Papillary da follicular thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya shekaru 55 zuwa sama
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya na shekaru daban-daban
- Medullary ciwon daji na thyroid a cikin marasa lafiya na duk shekaru
Bayan an gano kansar thyroid, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansar sun bazu cikin ƙwayar ka ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar kansa ta bazu a cikin ƙwayar cuta ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san shekarun mai haƙuri da matakin kansar don tsara magani.
Za'a iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin masu zuwa a cikin aikin tsayarwa:
- CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar kirji, ciki, da kwakwalwa, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.
- Gwajin duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake fitar da igiyar sauti mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen ciki ko gabobin ciki kuma suna yin kuwwa. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya.
- Kirjin x-ray: X-ray na gabobin da kasusuwa a cikin kirji. X-ray wani irin katako ne na katako wanda zai iya ratsa jiki zuwa fim, yana yin hoton wurare a cikin jiki.
- Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano shi.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Cire shingen lymph kumburi a lokacin tiyata. Lymph node na sentinel shine farkon kumburin lymph a cikin rukuni na ƙwayoyin lymph don karɓar magudanan ruwa daga ƙwayar farko. Shine kumburin lymph na farko da mai cutar kansa zai iya yaduwa daga farkon ƙari. Ana yin allurar radiyo da / ko shuɗi mai launi kusa da ƙari. Abun ko fenti yana gudana ta cikin bututun lymph zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph. An cire kumburin lymph na farko don karɓar abu ko fenti. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan ba a sami ƙwayoyin kansa ba, ba lallai ba ne a cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph.
Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:
- Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan cutar sankarar thyroid ta bazu zuwa huhu, ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin huhun ainihin ƙwayoyin kansa ne. Cutar cutar ta kamu da cutar kansa, ba ta huhun huhu ba.
Ana amfani da matakai don bayyana kansar ta thyroid dangane da nau'in kansar karoid da kuma shekarun mai haƙuri:
Papillary da follicular thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya ƙasa da shekaru 55
- Mataki Na: A mataki na papillary da follicular thyroid cancer, kumburin shine kowane girman kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa kyallen takarda kusa da lymph nodes. Ciwon daji bai yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki ba.
- Mataki na II: A cikin mataki na II papillary da follicular thyroid cancer, kumburin shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji na iya yaɗuwa zuwa kyallen takarda kusa da lymph nodes. Ciwon daji ya bazu daga thyroid zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko ƙashi.
Papillary da follicular thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya shekaru 55 zuwa sama
- Mataki Na: A mataki na I papillary da follicular thyroid cancer, ana samun kansar a cikin thyroid kawai kuma ƙari shine santimita 4 ko ƙarami.
- Mataki na II: A cikin mataki na II papillary da follicular thyroid cancer, ɗayan masu zuwa ana samun su:
- ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma ƙari shine santimita 4 ko ƙarami; ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa; ko
- ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar ka, ciwon ya fi santimita 4 girma, kuma mai yiwuwa cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa; ko
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya yada daga thyroid zuwa tsokoki na kusa a cikin wuyansa kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa.
- Mataki na III: A cikin mataki na III papillary da follicular thyroid cancer, kumburin shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya bazu daga thyroid zuwa nama mai laushi ƙarƙashin fata, esophagus, trachea, makogwaro, ko jijiyoyin laryngeal mai maimaituwa (jijiyar da ke tafiya zuwa makogoro). Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
- Mataki na IV: Matsayi na IV papillary da follicular thyroid cancer ya kasu kashi-kashi IVA da IVB.
- A cikin mataki na IVA, kumburin shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa nama a gaban kashin baya ko kuma ya kewaye jijiyar carotid ko jijiyoyin jini a yankin tsakanin huhu. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
- A mataki na IVB, kumburin kowane irin girma ne kuma cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko ƙashi. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer a cikin marasa lafiya na shekaru daban-daban
Anaplastic thyroid cancer cancer yana girma cikin sauri kuma yawanci yakan yadu a cikin wuya lokacin da aka samo shi. Anaplastic thyroid cancer ana daukar matakin mataki na huɗar cutar kansa. Mataki na huɗu anaplastic thyroid cancer ya kasu kashi-kashi IVA, IVB, da IVC.
- A cikin mataki na IVA, ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar kaɗai kawai kuma ƙari na iya zama kowane girman.
- A cikin mataki na IVB, ana samun ɗayan masu zuwa:
- ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma ƙari na iya zama kowane girman; ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa; ko
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya yada daga thyroid zuwa tsokoki na kusa a cikin wuyansa kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa; ko
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya yada daga thyroid zuwa nama mai laushi ƙarƙashin fata, esophagus, trachea, makogoro, maimaita laryngeal jijiya (jijiyar da ke zuwa maƙogwaro), ko nama a gaban kashin baya, ko ya kewaye jijiyar kahoto ko jijiyoyin jini a yankin tsakanin huhu; ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph.
- A matakin IVC, kumburin kowane irin girma ne kuma cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko ƙashi. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
Medullary ciwon daji na thyroid a cikin marasa lafiya na duk shekaru
- Mataki na 1: A cikin mataki na medullary thyroid cancer, ana samun kansa a cikin thyroid kawai kuma ƙari shine santimita 2 ko karami.
- Mataki na II: A cikin mataki na II medullary thyroid cancer, ɗayan masu zuwa ana samun su:
- ciwon daji yana cikin ƙwayar thyroid kawai kuma ƙwayar ta fi girma fiye da santimita 2; ko
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya yada daga thyroid zuwa tsokoki na kusa a cikin wuya.
- Mataki na III: A cikin mataki na III medullary thyroid cancer, ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga thyroid zuwa tsokoki na kusa a wuyansa. Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a ɗaya ko duka ɓangarorin trachea ko maƙogwaro.
- Mataki na IV: Matsayi na IV medullary ciwon daji na thyroid ya kasu kashi-kashi IVA, IVB, da IVC.
- A cikin mataki na IVA, ana samun ɗayan waɗannan masu zuwa:
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya yada daga thyroid zuwa nama mai laushi ƙarƙashin fata, esophagus, trachea, makogwaro, ko jijiyar maƙogwaron maimaitawa (jijiyar da ke zuwa maƙogwaro); ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a ɗaya ko duka gefen wuya; ko
- ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga thyroid zuwa tsokoki na kusa a cikin wuyansa; ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a ɗaya ko duka gefen wuya.
- A cikin mataki na IVB, ƙari shine kowane girman kuma ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa nama a gaban kashin baya ko zuwa kashin baya ko kuma ya kewaye jijiyar carotid ko jijiyoyin jini a yankin tsakanin huhu. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
- A matakin IVC, kumburin kowane irin girma ne kuma cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko hanta. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes.
Maimaita Ciwon Cutar Thyroid
Sake dawo da ciwon sankara shine cutar kansa wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an magance shi. Ciwon kansa na thyroid zai iya dawowa cikin thyroid ko a wasu sassan jiki.
Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da cutar kansa ta thyroid.
- Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:
- Tiyata
- Radiation radiation, gami da maganin iodine na rediyo
- Chemotherapy
- Magungunan maganin thyroid
- Ciwon da aka yi niyya
- Jiran jira
- Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
- Immunotherapy
- Jiyya don ciwon sankarar ka na iya haifar da sakamako mai illa.
- Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
- Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
- Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da cutar kansa ta thyroid.
Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban don marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansa. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.
Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:
Tiyata
Yin aikin tiyata shine magani mafi mahimmanci don ciwon kansa na thyroid. Ana iya amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin masu zuwa:
- Lobectomy: Cire lobe wanda a ciki ake samun kansar thyroid. Hakanan za'a iya cire ƙwayoyin limfon ɗin kusa da cutar kansa kuma a binciko su a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar.
- Kusa da jimillar maganin kawanka: Cire dukkansu amma kadan daga cikin sassan jikin ka. Hakanan za'a iya cire ƙwayoyin limfon ɗin kusa da cutar kansa kuma a binciko su a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar.
- Jimlar maganin kawancen jiki: Cire dukkanin tayroid. Hakanan za'a iya cire ƙwayoyin limfon ɗin kusa da cutar kansa kuma a binciko su a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar.
- Tracheostomy: Tiyata don ƙirƙirar buɗewa (stoma) a cikin bututun iska don taimaka muku numfashi. Hakanan za'a iya kiran buɗewar tracheostomy.
Radiation radiation, gami da maganin iodine na rediyo
Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:
- Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da radiation kai tsaye a kan ƙari yayin aikin tiyata. Wannan shi ake kira intraoperative radiation therapy.
- Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.
Za a iya ba da maganin taƙaitawa bayan tiyata don kashe kowane ƙwayoyin cutar kansar da ba a cire ba. Ana amfani da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da na papillary a wasu lokuta tare da maganin iodine (RAI) na rediyo. Ana ɗaukar RAI ta baki kuma tana tattarawa a cikin duk wani abu da ya rage, wanda ya haɗa da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa waɗanda suka bazu zuwa wasu wurare a jiki. Tunda kayan ƙyamar thyroid kawai ke ɗauke da iodine, RAI yana lalata ƙwayar thyroid da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ba tare da cutar da sauran nama ba. Kafin a ba da cikakken magani na RAI, ana ba da ƙaramin gwaji don ganin idan ciwon ya ɗauki iodine.
Hanyar da ake ba da maganin raɗarar ya dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa. Ana amfani da warkarwa na waje da kuma maganin iodine na rediyo (RAI) don magance cutar kansar thyroid.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (systemotherapy chemotherapy). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki, gaɓoɓi, ko rami na jiki kamar ciki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa ne a waɗancan yankuna.
Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa.
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon Canjin Thyroid don ƙarin bayani.
Magungunan maganin thyroid
Maganin Hormone magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke kawar da homonomi ko toshe aikin su kuma ya hana ƙwayoyin cutar kansa girma. Hormones abubuwa ne da gland ke yi a jiki kuma suna yawo a cikin jini. A cikin maganin cutar kanjamau, za a iya ba da kwayoyi don hana jiki yin hormone mai motsa kumburin (TSH), hormone wanda zai iya haɓaka damar cewa ciwon kansa na thyroid zai girma ko ya sake dawowa.
Hakanan, saboda maganin cutar kansar yana kashe ƙwayoyin thyroid, thyroid ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarancin thyroid ba. Ana ba marasa lafiya kwayoyi na maye gurbin ka.
Ciwon da aka yi niyya
Targeted therapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don ganowa da afkawa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ba tare da cutar ƙwayoyin halitta ba. Akwai nau'ikan maganin farfadowa daban-daban:
- Tyrosine kinase mai hanawa. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor far ya toshe alamun da ake buƙata don ciwace-ciwacen girma. Ana amfani da Sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib, da cabozantinib don magance wasu nau'ikan cutar sankara ta thyroid. Sabbin nau'ikan masu hana yaduwar cutar tyrosine kinase ana nazarin su dan magance ci gaban cutar kansa.
- Mai hana furotin kinase Magungunan hana yaduwar sinadarai na toshe sunadaran da ake buƙata don ci gaban kwayar halitta kuma yana iya kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Dabrafenib da trametinib ana amfani dasu don magance cututtukan thyroid na marasa lafiya tare da wani maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar BRAF.
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon Canjin Thyroid don ƙarin bayani.
Jiran jira
Tsayawa a hankali yana lura da yanayin mai haƙuri ba tare da ba da wani magani ba har sai alamu ko alamu sun bayyana ko canzawa.
Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko biologic therapy. Immunotherapy ana nazarin shi azaman magani don cutar kansa na thyroid.
Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.
Jiyya don ciwon sankarar ka na iya haifar da sakamako mai illa.
Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.
Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.
Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.
Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.
Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.
Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.
Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ta Mataki
A Wannan Sashin
- Matakai I, II, da III Papillary da Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Gida / Yanki)
- Matsayi na IV Papillary da follicular Thyroid Cancer (Metastatic)
- Maimaita Papillary da follicular Thyroid Cancer
- Medullary Ciwon Cutar Kanjamau
- Anaplastic Thyroid Ciwon daji
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Matakai I, II, da III Papillary da Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Gida / Yanki)
Jiyya na mataki na (ƙarami fiye da shekaru 55; shekaru 55 da sama), mataki na II (ƙarami ƙasa da shekaru 55; shekaru 55 da sama), da mataki na III papillary da follicular thyroid cancer na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata (thyroidectomy ko lobectomy).
- Rediyon iodine na rediyoaktif.
- Hormone far don hana jiki yin hormone mai motsa kumburi (TSH).
- Ragewar radiation ta waje
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Matsayi na IV Papillary da follicular Thyroid Cancer (Metastatic)
Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki, kamar huhu da ƙashi, magani yawanci baya warkar da cutar kansa, amma yana iya sauƙaƙe alamomin da inganta ƙimar rayuwa. Jiyya na mataki na papillary na huɗu da kuma maganin kaurin ka na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
Don ciwace-ciwacen da ke ɗaukar iodine
- Jimlar maganin kawanka.
- Rediyon iodine na rediyoaktif.
- Hormone far don hana jiki yin hormone mai motsa kumburi (TSH).
Don ciwace-ciwacen da ba sa shan iodine
- Jimlar maganin kawanka.
- Hormone far don hana jiki yin hormone mai motsa kumburi (TSH).
- Anyi niyya tare da mai hana maganin tyrosine kinase (sorafenib ko lenvatinib).
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire kansar daga wuraren da ta bazu.
- Wutar fitilar waje-katako
- Gwajin gwaji na chemotherapy.
- Gwajin gwaji na asibiti da aka yi niyya.
- Gwajin gwaji na rigakafi.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Maimaita Papillary da follicular Thyroid Cancer
Jiyya na maimaita papillary da follicular thyroid cancer na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari tare da ko ba tare da maganin iodine na rediyoaktif ba.
- Rediyon iodine na radiyo yayin da za'a iya gano kansar ta hanyar binciken taroid kawai kuma ba za'a iya jin sa yayin gwajin jiki ba.
- Anyi niyya tare da mai hana maganin tyrosine kinase (sorafenib ko lenvatinib).
- Magungunan radiation na waje ko kuma maganin cikin gida kamar aikin warkewa don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.
- Chemotherapy.
- Gwajin gwaji na asibiti da aka yi niyya.
- Gwajin gwaji na rigakafi.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Medullary Ciwon Cutar Kanjamau
Canceraramar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tana cikin ƙwanƙwasa kawai kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa tsokoki kusa da ke cikin wuya. Ci gaba na cikin gida da ƙananan cututtukan thyroid sun bazu zuwa wasu sassan wuya ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Jiyya na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar karoid na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Kayi jimlar maganin kawanka idan ciwon kansa bai yadu zuwa sauran sassan jiki ba. Hakanan ana cire ƙwayoyin limfon ɗin kusa da cutar kansa.
- Magungunan radiation na waje don marasa lafiya wanda ciwon kansa ya sake dawowa a cikin thyroid.
Jiyya na ci gaba na cikin gida / ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Anyi niyya tare da mai hana cin hanci da rashawa (vandetanib ko cabozantinib) don cutar kansa wanda ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
- Chemotherapy a matsayin maganin kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ba a amfani da maganin iodine na rediyoakad don magance cututtukan thyroid na medullary.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Anaplastic Thyroid Ciwon daji
Jiyya na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Jimlar thyroidectomy a matsayin maganin warkewa don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da inganta ƙimar rayuwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ke ciki ko kusa da maganin kawan.
- Tracheostomy azaman magani mai kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje
- Chemotherapy.
- Neman da aka yi niyya tare da masu hana furotin kinase (dabrafenib da trametinib) ga marasa lafiya tare da wani maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar BRAF.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon Cutar Kanjamau
Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Ciwon aboutwayar Ciwon aboutasa game da cutar sankara, duba mai zuwa:
- Shafin Gida na Ciwon Canjin Thyroid
- Kulawa da Ciwon Cutar Canjin Yara na Yara
- An Amince da Magunguna don Ciwon Canjin Thyroid
- Magungunan Ciwon Cutar da Aka Yi niyya
- Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Cutar Cancer na Cancer
Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:
- Game da Ciwon daji
- Tsayawa
- Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji
- Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji
- Yin fama da Ciwon daji
- Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji
- Don Tsira da Kulawa
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