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Maganin Melanoma

Janar Bayani Game da Melanoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Melanoma cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta ke fitowa a cikin melanocytes (ƙwayoyin da ke launin fata).

• Akwai nau'ikan cutar kansa da ke farawa a cikin fata.

• Melanoma na iya faruwa a ko'ina a kan fata.

• Al'aurar da ba ta dace ba, fallasa zuwa hasken rana, da tarihin lafiya na iya shafar haɗarin cutar melanoma.

• Alamomin cutar melanoma sun haɗa da canji a yadda kwayar halitta take ko launin launinta.

• Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincika fata don gano (gano) da kuma gano melanoma.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Melanoma cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta ke fitowa a cikin melanocytes (ƙwayoyin da ke launin fata).

Fata ita ce mafi girman sashin jiki. Yana kare zafi, hasken rana, rauni, da kamuwa da cuta. Fata kuma na taimakawa wajen sarrafa zafin jiki da adana ruwa, mai, da bitamin D. Fatar tana da yadudduka da yawa, amma manyan layukan biyu sune epidermis (na sama ko na waje) da na fata (ƙananan ko na ciki). Ciwon kansa yana farawa a cikin epidermis, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku:

• Kwayoyin squamous: Kwayoyin sirara, madaidaiciya waɗanda ke samar da saman saman epidermis.

• Basal sel: Kwayoyin da ke zagaye a ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin cuta.

• Melanocytes: Kwayoyin da ke yin melanin kuma ana samun su a ƙananan ɓangaren epidermis. Melanin shine launin da ke ba fata launi na halitta. Lokacin da fatar ta shiga rana ko hasken wucin gadi, melanocytes na yin karin launuka kuma suna sa fata tayi duhu.

Adadin sababbin cututtukan melanoma yana ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Melanoma yafi yawanci ga manya, amma wani lokacin ana samunta a cikin yara da matasa. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Ciwon Cutar Ciwon Yara na Yara don ƙarin bayani game da melanoma a yara da matasa.)

Anatomy na fata, yana nuna epidermis, dermis, da subcutaneous nama. Melanocytes suna cikin layin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mafi zurfin ɓangaren epidermis.

Akwai nau'ikan cutar kansa da ke farawa a cikin fata. Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na cutar kansa: melanoma da nonmelanoma.

Melanoma wani nau'i ne na cutar kansa. Zai iya yuwuwa mamaye kayan da ke kusa ya yada zuwa sauran sassan jiki fiye da sauran nau'ikan cutar kansa. Lokacin da melanoma ya fara a cikin fata, ana kiransa melanoma cutaneous. Melanoma na iya faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin mucous (na bakin ciki, yadudduka na nama wanda ke rufe saman kamar leɓɓa). Wannan taƙaitaccen bayanin yana game da cututtukan fata (fata) melanoma da melanoma wanda ke shafar ƙwayoyin mucous.

Nau'ikan cututtukan fata na fata sune ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Su cututtukan nonmelanoma ne na fata. Ciwon daji na nonmelanoma ba safai yake yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Maganin Ciwon Cutar Skin don ƙarin bayani game da kwayar halitta ta basal da ƙwayar cutar kansar fata.)

Melanoma na iya faruwa a ko'ina a kan fata. A cikin maza, ana samun melanoma sau da yawa a jikin akwati (yankin daga kafaɗu zuwa ƙugu) ko kai da wuya. A cikin mata, melanoma yakan zama sau da yawa akan hannaye da kafafu.

Lokacin da melanoma ya faru a cikin ido, ana kiran sa intraocular ko olan melanoma. (Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Maganin Melanoma na Intraocular (Uveal) don ƙarin bayani.)

Al'aurar da ba ta dace ba, fallasa zuwa hasken rana, da tarihin lafiya na iya shafar haɗarin cutar melanoma.

Duk wani abu da zai kara maka hadarin kamuwa da cuta to ana kiran sa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya fuskantar haɗari.

Hanyoyin haɗari ga melanoma sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Samun fata mai kyau, wanda ya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Fata mai kyau wacce tayi freckles kuma take konewa cikin sauki, baya tanti, ko kuma yayi rauni sosai.

• Shuɗi ko kore ko wasu idanu masu launin haske.

• Ja ko gashi mai haske.

• Kasancewa ga hasken rana na halitta ko hasken rana na wucin gadi (kamar daga gadon tanning).
• Kasancewa ga wasu dalilai a cikin yanayin (a cikin iska, gidanku ko wurin aiki, da abincinku da ruwa). Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin muhalli sune melanoma, solvents, vinyl chloride, da PCBs.

• Samun tarihin yawancin kunar rana a jiki, musamman lokacin yaro ko saurayi.

• Samun manyan ƙananan mora da yawa.

• Samun tarihin dangi na ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman (atypical nevus syndrome).

• Samun iyali ko tarihin mutum na melanoma.

• Kasancewa fari.

• Samun rashin karfin garkuwar jiki.

• Samun wasu canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da melanoma.

Kasancewa fari ko kuma yin fari mai kyau yana ƙara haɗarin cutar melanoma, amma kowa na iya samun melanoma, gami da mutanen da ke da fata mai duhu.

Duba taƙaitattun masu zuwa don ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan haɗari na melanoma:

• Halitta na Ciwon Fata

• Rigakafin Ciwon Sankara

Alamomin cutar melanoma sun haɗa da canji a yadda kwayar halitta take ko launin launinta.

Wadannan da sauran alamu da alamomin na iya haifar da cutar melanoma ko ta wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Mole cewa:

• canje-canje a cikin girma, siffa, ko launi.

• yana da gefuna mara iyaka ko kan iyaka.

• yafi launi daya.

• asymmetrical ne (idan kwayar halittar ta kasu kashi biyu, rabi biyu sun banbanta a girma ko sura).

• ƙaiƙayi.

• oozes, jini, ko kuma an ulcerated (rami a cikin fata lokacin da saman sel na sama ya rushe kuma nama a kasa ya nuna).

• Canji a launin fata (launuka) masu launi.

• Tauraron dan adam (sabon moles wanda ya girma kusa da wata kwayar halitta da take).

Don hotuna da kwatancin cutar moles da melanoma, duba Moles na gama gari, Dysplastic Nevi, da Hadarin Melanoma.

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincika fata don gano (gano) da kuma gano melanoma.

Idan ƙwaya ko yanayin launin fata ya canza ko yayi kama da al'ada, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin zasu iya taimakawa wajen ganowa da bincika melanoma:

• Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihin lafiya: Jarabawa ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.

• Gwajin fata: Likita ko nas suna duba fatar don moles, alamomin haihuwa, ko wasu wuraren launuka masu alaƙa da launi, girma, siffa, ko yanayin rubutu.

• Biopsy: Hanya ce don cire mahaukaciyar ƙwayar cuta da ƙananan ƙwayar al'ada kusa da ita. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana duban nama a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don bincika ƙwayoyin kansa. Zai yi wuya a iya banbance bambanci tsakanin tawadar launin launi da farkon raunin melanoma. Marasa lafiya na iya son a duba samfurin nama da ƙwararren masani na biyu ya duba shi. Idan tawadar da ba ta dace ba ko rauni cuta ce ta daji, za a iya gwada samfurin nama don wasu canje-canje na kwayar halitta.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan biopsies hudu. Nau'in biopsy da aka yi ya dogara da wurin da mahaukacin yanki ya samo asali da kuma girman wurin.

• Shave biopsy: Ana amfani da reza mai aski don “aske” haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.

• Punch biopsy: Ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da ake kira punch ko trephine don cire da'irar nama daga haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.

Punch biopsy. Ana amfani da farar fata mai raɗaɗi, madauwari don yankewa cikin rauni akan fatar. Ana juya kayan aikin agogo da agogo zuwa agogo don yanke ƙasa kimanin milimita 4 (mm) zuwa ƙwanƙolin kayan ƙoshi a ƙasan dermis. Ana cire ƙaramin samfurin nama don a bincika shi a ƙarƙashin madubin likita. Kaurin fatar ya bambanta a sassa daban-daban na jiki.

• Gwajin Injial: An yi amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire wani ɓangare na ci gaban.

• Exisional biopsy: Ana amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire dukkan ci gaban.

Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Halin hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da masu zuwa:

• Kaurin kumburin da inda yake a jiki.

• Yaya saurin kwayoyin cutar kansa ke rarraba.

• Shin ko akwai zubar jini ko kuma raunin kumburin.

• Yaya yawan cutar kansa yake a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph.

• Yawan wuraren da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa cikin jiki.

• Matsayin lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) a cikin jini.

• Ko cutar kansa tana da wasu maye gurbi (canje-canje) a cikin kwayar halittar da ake kira BRAF.

• Mai haƙuri da shekaru da kuma general kiwon lafiya.

Matakan Melanoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Bayan an gano melanoma, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansar sun bazu cikin fata ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

• Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

• Matakin melanoma ya dogara da kaurin kumburin, ko kansar ya bazu zuwa sassan jiki ko wasu sassan jiki, da sauran abubuwan.

• Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don melanoma:

• Mataki na 0 (Melanoma a cikin Situ)

• Mataki Na

• Mataki na II

• Mataki na III

• Mataki na IV

Bayan an gano melanoma, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansar sun bazu cikin fata ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar daji ta bazu cikin fata ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani.

Don melanoma wanda ba zai iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki ba ko sake dawowa, ƙila ba a buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ba. Ga melanoma wanda zai iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki ko ya sake dawowa, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin nan bayan aikin tiyata don cire melanoma:

• Taswirar Lymph node da kuma biopsy na ƙwanƙwasawa na ƙwanƙwasawa: Cire ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin ƙoshin lafiya yayin aikin tiyata. Lymph node na sentinel shine farkon kumburin lymph a cikin rukuni na ƙwayoyin lymph don karɓar magudanan ruwa daga ƙwayar farko. Shine kumburin lymph na farko da mai cutar kansa zai iya yaduwa daga farkon ƙari. Ana yin allurar radiyo da / ko shuɗi mai launi kusa da ƙari. Abun ko fenti yana gudana ta cikin bututun lymph zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph. An cire kumburin lymph na farko don karɓar abu ko fenti. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan ba a sami ƙwayoyin kansa ba, ba lallai ba ne a cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph. Wani lokaci, ana samun kumburin lymph kumburi a cikin fiye da rukuni ɗaya.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta kuma aikin sarrafa hoto, tsarin kimiyyar kwamfuta, ko kuma gwada ilimin kimiyyar kwamfuta. Don melanoma, ana iya ɗaukar hotuna na wuya, kirji, ciki, da ƙashin ƙugu.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a jiki kuma tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.

• MRI (hoton maganadisu ) tare da gadolinium: Hanya ce da ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar kwakwalwa. Wani sinadari da ake kira gadolinium ne a cikin jijiya. Gadolinium yana tattarawa a kusa da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don haka sun ƙara haske a hoton. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).

• Gwajin duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake fitar da igiyar ruwa mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen takarda na ciki, kamar su lymph node, ko gabobin jiki kuma suna yin kuwwa. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya.

• Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincikar samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwa da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan aiki a jiki. Don melanoma, ana bincikar jini don enzyme da ake kira lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Babban matakan LDH na iya hango hangen nesa mara kyau game da magani a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan ciki.

Ana duba sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwajen tare da sakamakon binciken kwayar halitta don gano matakin melanoma.

Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:

• Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.

Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.

Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki. Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan melanoma ta bazu zuwa huhu, ƙwayoyin kansar da ke cikin huhun ainihin ƙwayoyin melanoma ne. Cutar ita ce melanoma mai ɓarna, ba cutar kansa ta huhu ba.

Matakin melanoma ya dogara da kaurin kumburin, ko kansar ya bazu zuwa sassan jiki ko wasu sassan jiki, da sauran abubuwan.

Don gano matakin melanoma, an cire kumburin gaba ɗaya kuma ana duba ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa don alamun kansar. Ana amfani da matakin cutar kansa don sanin wane magani ne mafi kyau. Bincika likitanka don gano wane mataki na cutar kansa.

Matakan melanoma ya dogara da masu zuwa:

• Kaurin kumburin. An auna kaurin kumburin daga saman fata zuwa mafi zurfin ƙwayar.

• Ko kumburin yana da rauni (ya karye ta fata).

• Ko ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph ta hanyar gwajin jiki, gwajin hoto, ko biopsy na ƙoshin lafiya.

• Ko lymph nodes suna matted (haɗe tare).

• Ko akwai:

• Ciwon kumburin tauraron dan adam: ofananan ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka bazu cikin santimita 2 na babban ciwon.

• Microsatellite ciwace-ciwace: groupsananan ƙungiyoyi na ƙwayoyin tumo waɗanda suka bazu zuwa yanki kusa da ko ƙasa da asalin ƙari.

• In-transit metastases: umumosu waɗanda suka bazu zuwa tasoshin lymph a cikin fata fiye da santimita 2 nesa da ƙwayar farko, amma ba zuwa ga ƙwayoyin lymph ba.

• Ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa, nama mai laushi (gami da tsoka), sashin ciki, da / ko narkakkun naman mahaifa. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa wurare a cikin fata nesa da inda ya fara samuwa.

Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don melanoma:

Mataki na 0 (Melanoma a cikin Situ)

A cikin mataki na 0, ana samun melanocytes mara kyau a cikin epidermis. Wadannan melanocytes marasa kyau na iya zama cutar kansa kuma sun bazu cikin nama na yau da kullun. Mataki na 0 ana kiransa melanoma a cikin wuri.

Mataki Na

A mataki na I, ciwon daji ya samo asali. Mataki na ya kasu kashi-kashi IA da IB.

Milimita (mm). Mizanin fensir mai kaifi kusan 1 mm ne, sabon mahimmin mahimmin rubutu shine kusan 2 mm, kuma sabon goge fensir yakai 5 mm.

• Mataki na IA: Ciwan bai wuce milimita 1 ba, tare da ko ba tare da miki ba.

• Mataki na IB: Ciwan ya fi 1 yawa amma bai fi milimita 2 kauri ba, ba tare da miki ba.

Mataki na II

Mataki na II ya kasu kashi-kashi IIA, IIB, da IIC.

• Mataki na IIA: Ciwan shine ko dai:

• fiye da 1 amma bai fi kaurin milimita 2 ba, tare da ulceration; ko

• fiye da 2 amma bai fi kaurin milimita 4 ba, ba tare da miki ba.

• Mataki IIB: Ciwan shine ko dai:

• fiye da 2 amma bai fi kaurin milimita 4 ba, tare da ulceration; ko

• fiye da milimita 4 mai kauri, ba tare da miki ba.

• Mataki na IIC: Ciwan yana da kauri fiye da milimita 4, tare da ulceration.

Mataki na III

An rarraba Mataki na III zuwa matakai IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, da IIID.

• Mataki na IIIA: Ciwan baya wuce milimita 1 ba, tare da ulceration, ko kuma bai fi kaurin milimita 2 ba, ba tare da miki ba. Ana samun kansar a cikin 1 zuwa 3 lymph nodes ta hanyar sentinel lymph node biopsy.

• Matsayi IIIB:

(1) Ba a san inda ciwon daji ya fara ba ko kuma farkon ƙwayar cutar ba za a iya ganin ta ba, kuma ɗayan masu zuwa gaskiya ne:

• ana samun ciwon daji a cikin kumburin lymph ta hanyar gwajin jiki ko gwajin hoto; ko

• akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewa metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

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(2) Ciwan bai wuce milimita 1 ba, tare da gyambon ciki, ko kuma bai fi kaurin milimita 2 ba, ba tare da miki ba, kuma daya daga cikin wadannan gaskiya ne:

• ana samun ciwon daji a cikin 1 zuwa 3 lymph nodes ta gwajin jiki ko gwajin hoto; ko

• akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewa metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

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(3) Ciwon ya fi 1 amma bai fi milimita 2 kauri ba, tare da ulce, ko fiye da 2 amma bai fi kaurin milimita 4 ba, ba tare da miki ba, kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gaskiya ne:

• ana samun ciwon daji a cikin 1 zuwa 3 lymph nodes; ko

• akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewa metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

• Mataki na IIIC:

(1) Ba a san inda ciwon daji ya fara ba, ko kuma farkon ƙwayar cutar ba za a iya ganin ta ba. Ana samun ciwon daji:

• a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph 2 ko 3; ko

• a cikin kumburin lymph 1 kuma akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewa metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata; ko

• a cikin 4 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph, ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suka haɗu tare; ko

• a cikin 2 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph da / ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke haɗuwa tare. Akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron ɗan adam, da / ko hanyoyin wucewa a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

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(2) Ciwan bai wuce milimita 2 ba, tare da ko ba tare da ƙura ba, ko kuma bai fi kaurin milimita 4 ba, ba tare da miki ba. Ana samun ciwon daji:

• a cikin kumburin lymph 1 kuma akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewa metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata; ko

• a cikin 4 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph, ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suka haɗu tare; ko

• a cikin 2 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph da / ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke haɗuwa tare. Akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron ɗan adam, da / ko hanyoyin wucewa a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

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(3) Ciwan ya wuce 2 amma bai fi milimita 4 ba, tare da ulceration, ko fiye da milimita 4, ba tare da miki ba. Ana samun ciwon daji a cikin 1 ko fiye da lymph nodes da / ko a kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke tare tare. Zai iya kasancewa ciwace-ciwace na microsatellite, ciwan tauraron dan adam, da / ko hanyoyin wucewa na cikin jiki ko ƙarƙashin fata.

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(4) Ciwan ya fi milimita 4 kauri, tare da ulceration. Ana samun ciwon daji a cikin 1 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph da / ko kuma akwai ƙwayoyin microsatellite, ciwan tauraron ɗan adam, da / ko cikin-wucewar metastases a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

• Mataki na IIID: Ciwan ya fi kauri milimita 4, tare da miki. Ana samun ciwon daji:

• a cikin 4 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph, ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suka haɗu tare; ko

• a cikin 2 ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph da / ko a cikin kowane adadin ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke haɗuwa tare. Akwai ciwace-ciwacen microsatellite, ciwan tauraron ɗan adam, da / ko hanyoyin wucewa a kan ko ƙarƙashin fata.

Mataki na IV

A mataki na huɗu, ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa, lakar kashin baya, ƙashi, nama mai laushi (gami da tsoka), sashin gastrointestinal (GI), da / ko narkakkun lymph nodes. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa wurare a cikin fata nesa da inda ya fara.

Maimaitawa Melanoma

Maimaita cutar kansa melanoma shine cutar daji wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an warke shi. Ciwon kansa na iya dawowa a yankin da ya fara farawa ko kuma a wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko hanta.

Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da melanoma.

• Ana amfani da nau'i biyar na daidaitaccen magani:

• Tiyata

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation far

• Immunotherapy

• Ciwon da aka yi niyya

• Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

• Maganin rigakafi

• Jiyya don melanoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

• Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

• Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

• Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da melanoma.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da melanoma. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.

Ana amfani da nau'i biyar na daidaitaccen magani:

Tiyata

Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari shine maganin farko na duk matakan melanoma. Ana amfani da feshin gida mai fadi don cire melanoma da wasu kayan al'ada na yau da kullun. Graaura fata (ɗaukar fata daga wani ɓangaren jiki don maye gurbin fatar da aka cire) ƙila a yi don rufe rauni da aikin tiyata ya haifar.

Wani lokaci, yana da mahimmanci a san ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph. Ana yin taswirar Lymph node da kuma biopsy node biopsy don bincika kansar a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (farkon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta) Shine kumburin lymph na farko da mai cutar kansa zai iya yaduwa daga farkon ƙari. Ana yin allurar radiyo da / ko shuɗi mai launi kusa da ƙari. Abun ko fenti yana gudana ta cikin bututun lymph zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph. An cire kumburin lymph na farko don karɓar abu ko fenti. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan aka sami ƙwayoyin kansa, za a cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph kuma za a bincika samfuran nama don alamun kansar. Wannan ana kiran sa lymphadenectomy. Wani lokaci,

Bayan likita ya cire dukkan melanoma da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyatar, wasu marasa lafiya za a iya ba su maganin ƙwaƙwalwar bayan an gama tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka rage. Chemotherapy da aka bayar bayan tiyata, don rage haɗarin cewa ciwon daji zai dawo, ana kiransa adjuvant therapy.

Za a iya yin tiyata don cire kansar da ta bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, huhu, hanji (GI), ƙashi, ko kwakwalwa don inganta rayuwar mai haƙuri ta hanyar sarrafa alamun.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (chemotherapy systemic). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki, gaɓoɓi, ko rami na jiki kamar ciki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin waɗancan yankuna (chemotherapy na yanki).

Typeaya daga cikin nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na yanki shi ne haɓakar ƙafafun kafafuwa. Ta wannan hanyar, magungunan kansar suna tafiya kai tsaye zuwa hannu ko ƙafa da cutar kansa ke ciki. Zubar da jini zuwa da daga gaɓar an dakatar da shi na ɗan lokaci tare da zagayawa. Magani mai dumi tare da maganin ƙwayar cutar kansa ana sanya shi kai tsaye cikin jinin wata gabar jiki. Wannan yana ba da babban kwayoyi zuwa yankin da cutar kansa take.

Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa.

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Melanoma don ƙarin bayani.

Radiation far

Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:

• Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa.

• Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.

Hanyar da ake ba da maganin raɗarar ya dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa. Ana amfani da maganin radiation na waje don magance melanoma, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman maganin kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe alamun bayyanar da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko biologic therapy.

Ana amfani da nau'ikan rigakafin rigakafi don maganin melanoma:

• Maganin hana shiga ciki na kariya: Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin rigakafi, kamar su kwayoyin T, da wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da wasu sunadarai, wadanda ake kira sunadarin shinge, a saman su wanda ke kiyaye amsoshin rigakafin a duba. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin daji ke da yawancin waɗannan sunadaran, ƙwayoyin T ba za su auka musu ba. Masu hana abubuwan hana ruwa kariya suna toshe wadannan sunadaran kuma karfin kwayar T don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa ya karu. Ana amfani dasu don kula da wasu marasa lafiya da melanoma mai ci gaba ko ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba.

Akwai nau'ikan maganin hana hana ruwa guda biyu na kariya:

• Mai hana CTLA-4: CTLA-4 furotin ne akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da ba da kariya ga jiki. Lokacin da CTLA-4 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira B7 akan kwayar cutar kansa, yana dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana CTLA-4 sun haɗa zuwa CTLA-4 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ipilimumab wani nau'in mai hana CTLA-4 ne.

Mai hana shigowar shinge Abubuwan bincike, kamar B7-1 / B7-2 akan ƙwayoyin gabatarwa na antigen (APC) da CTLA-4 akan ƙwayoyin T, suna taimakawa kiyaye maganganun garkuwar jiki a cikin bincike. Lokacin da mai karɓar T-cell (TCR) ke ɗaure ga antigen da kuma manyan sunadarai masu rikitarwa na tarihi (MHC) akan APC da CD28 suna ɗaure zuwa B7-1 / B7-2 akan APC, ana iya kunna T cell. Koyaya, ɗaura B7-1 / B7-2 zuwa CTLA-4 yana riƙe da ƙwayoyin T a cikin yanayin aiki saboda haka basu sami ikon kashe ƙwayoyin ƙari a cikin jiki (ɓangaren hagu). Katange ɗaurin B7-1 / B7-2 zuwa CTLA-4 tare da mai hana kariya na kariya (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin T suyi aiki kuma su kashe ƙwayoyin tumo (ɓangaren dama).

• Mai hana PD-1: PD-1 furotin ne akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da ba da kariya ga jiki. Lokacin da PD-1 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira PDL-1 akan kwayar sankara, yakan dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana PD-1 sun haɗa zuwa PDL-1 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Pembrolizumab da nivolumab iri ne na masu hana PD-1.

Mai hana shigowar shinge Binciken sunadarai, kamar PD-L1 akan ƙwayoyin tumo da PD-1 akan ƙwayoyin T, suna taimakawa kiyaye maganganun rigakafi a cikin bincike. Ofaurin PD-L1 zuwa PD-1 yana kiyaye ƙwayoyin T daga kashe ƙwayoyin tumo a jiki (ɓangaren hagu). Katange ɗaurin PD-L1 zuwa PD-1 tare da mai hana kariya na kariya (anti-PD-L1 ko anti-PD-1) yana ba wa ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin tumor (ɓangaren dama)

• Interferon: Interferon yana shafar rarrabuwa daga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kuma zai iya jinkirta ci gaban ƙari.

• Interleukin-2 (IL-2): IL-2 na haɓaka girma da aiki na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa, musamman lymphocytes (wani nau'in ƙwayoyin farin jini). Lymphocytes na iya kai hari kuma ya kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.

• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) far: TNF furotin ne wanda ƙwayoyin farin jini ke yi don amsa antigen ko kamuwa da cuta. Ana yin TNF a dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ana amfani dashi azaman magani don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana nazarin shi a maganin melanoma.

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Melanoma don ƙarin bayani.

Ciwon da aka yi niyya

Targeted therapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don afkawa ƙwayoyin kansar. Ieswararrun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yawanci suna haifar da toarancin cutarwa ga kwayoyin al'ada fiye da chemotherapy ko maganin radiation. Ana amfani da nau'ikan maganin warkewa na gaba waɗanda ake amfani da su ko ake nazarin su a cikin maganin melanoma:

• Maganin hana shigar siginar sigina: Masu hana yaduwar sigina hana sigina suna toshe sakonnin da aka watsa daga kwayoyin guda zuwa wani a cikin tantanin halitta. Toshe wadannan siginan na iya kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana amfani dasu don kula da wasu marasa lafiya da melanoma mai ci gaba ko ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba. Masu hana yaduwar siginar sun hada da:

• Masu hana BRAF (dabrafenib, vemurafenib, karfafarafenib) wadanda ke toshe aikin sunadaran da kwayoyin halittar BRAF masu rikida suka yi; kuma

• MEK masu hanawa (trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib) wadanda suke toshe sunadaran da ake kira MEK1 da MEK2 wadanda suke shafar girma da rayuwa na kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Haɗuwa da masu hana BRAF da masu hana MEK waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu don magance melanoma sun haɗa da:

• Dabrafenib da trametinib.

• Vemurafenib da cobimetinib.

• Encorafenib da binimetinib.

• Oncolytic virus therapy: Wani nau'in maganin niyya ne wanda ake amfani dashi don maganin melanoma. Maganin kwayar cutar Oncolytic yana amfani da kwayar cutar da ke cutar da ragargaza ƙwayoyin kansa amma ba ƙwayoyin halitta ba. Za'a iya ba da hasken radiation ko chemotherapy bayan maganin cutar kanjamau don kashe ƙarin ƙwayoyin kansar. Talimogene laherparepvec wani nau'in maganin cutar kanjamau ne wanda aka yi shi da wani nau'in kwayar cutar ta herpes wacce aka canza a dakin binciken. An yi masa allura kai tsaye cikin ciwace-ciwacen cikin fata da narkakkun lymph.

• Masu hana Angiogenesis: Wani nau'in magani ne da ake niyya wanda ake karatun sa a maganin melanoma. Magungunan Angiogenesis suna toshe haɓakar sabbin hanyoyin jini. A cikin maganin ciwon daji, ana iya ba su don hana haɓakar sabbin jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ciwace-ciwace ke buƙatar girma.

Sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da haɗuwa na hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ana nazarin su a maganin melanoma.

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Melanoma don ƙarin bayani.

Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Maganin rigakafi

Maganin riga-kafi magani ne na ciwon daji wanda ke amfani da wani abu ko rukuni na abubuwa don haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta don gano ƙwayar cuta da kashe shi. Ana nazarin maganin rigakafi a cikin maganin melanoma na III wanda za'a cire shi ta hanyar tiyata.

Jiyya don melanoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.

Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.

Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.

Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.

Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.

Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ta Mataki

A Wannan Sashin

• Mataki na 0 (Melanoma a cikin Situ)

• Mataki Na Melanoma

• Mataki na II Melanoma

• Mataki na III Melanoma Wanda Za'a Iya Cire shi Ta hanyar Tiyata

• Mataki na III Melanoma Wanda Ba za a Iya Cire shi Ta hanyar Tiyata ba, Mataki na huɗu Melanoma, da Maimaita Kwayar cuta Melanoma

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Mataki na 0 (Melanoma a cikin Situ)

Jiyya na mataki na 0 yawanci ana yin aikin tiyata ne don cire yankin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jiki na yau da kullun.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Mataki Na Melanoma

Jiyya na matakin I melanoma na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari da wasu kayan aiki na yau da kullun kewaye da shi. Wani lokaci ana yin taswirar lymph node da cirewar ƙwayoyin lymph.

• Gwajin gwaji na sababbin hanyoyi don nemo kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Mataki na II Melanoma

Jiyya na matakin melanoma na II na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari da wasu kayan aiki na yau da kullun kewaye da shi. Wasu lokuta ana yin taswirar lymph node da kuma biopsy node biopsy don bincika kansar a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph a daidai lokacin aikin tiyata don cire kumburin. Idan aka sami cutar kansa a cikin ƙofar jini, ana iya cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph.

• Yin aikin tiyata tare da rigakafin rigakafi tare da interferon idan akwai babban haɗarin cewa ciwon kansa zai dawo.

• Gwajin gwaji na sababbin nau'ikan maganin da za'a yi amfani dashi bayan tiyata.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Mataki na III Melanoma Wanda Za'a Iya Cire shi Ta hanyar Tiyata

Jiyya na matakin melanoma na III wanda za'a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari da wasu kayan aiki na yau da kullun kewaye da shi. Za a iya yin dashen fata don rufe rauni da aikin tiyata ya haifar. Wasu lokuta ana yin taswirar lymph node da kuma biopsy node biopsy don bincika kansar a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph a daidai lokacin aikin tiyata don cire kumburin. Idan aka sami cutar kansa a cikin ƙofar jini, ana iya cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph.

• Yin aikin tiyata wanda aka bi ta hanyar immunotherapy tare da nivolumab, ipilimumab, ko interferon idan akwai babban haɗarin cewa ciwon kansa zai dawo.

• Yin aikin tiyata wanda aka bi ta hanyar dabrafenib da trametinib idan akwai haɗarin haɗari cewa ciwon kansa zai dawo.

• Gwajin gwaji na rigakafi tare da ko ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba.

• Gwajin gwaji na tiyata wanda ya biyo bayan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da wasu canje-canje na asali.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Mataki na III Melanoma Wanda Ba za a Iya Cire shi Ta hanyar Tiyata ba, Mataki na huɗu Melanoma, da Maimaita Kwayar cuta Melanoma

Jiyya na matakin melanoma na III wanda baza'a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata ba, mataki na huɗu na melanoma, da melanoma na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Maganin kwayar cutar Oncolytic (talimogene laherparepvec) allurar cikin ƙari.

• Immunotherapy tare da ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ko interleukin-2 (IL-2). Wasu lokuta ipilimumab da nivolumab ana basu tare.

• Farfaɗar da aka yi niyya tare da masu hana siginar sauya siginar (dabrafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib, cobimetinib, ƙarfafarafenib, binimetinib). Wadannan

ana iya bayar da shi shi kaɗai ko a hade.

• Chemotherapy.

• Magungunan kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin tiyata don cire ƙwayoyin lymph ko ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu, sashin gastrointestinal (GI), ƙashi, ko kwakwalwa.

• Radiation far zuwa kwakwalwa, laka, ko ƙashi.

Magungunan da ake karatun su a gwajin asibiti don matakin melanoma na III wanda baza'a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata ba, matakin melanoma na huɗu, da melanoma mai maimaitawa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Immunotherapy kadai ko a hade tare da wasu hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kamar maganin far.

• Ga melanoma wanda ya yada zuwa kwakwalwa, immunotherapy tare da nivolumab da ipilimumab.

• Maganin da aka yi niyya, kamar masu hana siginar sauya sigina, masu hana angiogenesis, maganin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna, ko magungunan da ke ɗora wasu maye gurbi. Wadannan za'a iya basu su kadai ko a hade.

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire duk sanannen sankara.

• Chemwararrakin yanki na yanki (ƙarancin ƙafafun ƙafafun kafa). Wasu marasa lafiya na iya samun immunotherapy tare da ƙari necrosis factor.

• Ciwon shan magani na yau da kullun.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Don ƙarin koyo game da Melanoma

Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa game da melanoma, duba mai zuwa:

• Ciwon Fata (Ciki har da Melanoma) Shafin Farko

• Rigakafin Ciwon Sankara

• Nuna Ciwon Kanji

• Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

• An Amince da Magunguna don Melanoma

• Immunotherapy don Kula da Ciwon daji

• Magungunan Ciwon Cutar da Aka Yi niyya

• Moles zuwa Melanoma: Fahimtar Siffofin ABCDE

Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:

• Game da Ciwon daji

• Tsayawa

• Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji

• Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji

• Yin fama da Ciwon daji

• Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji

• Don Tsira da Kulawa