Types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq

Sanarwar Jiyya ta Retinoblastoma

Janar Bayani Game da Retinoblastoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Retinoblastoma cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta a cikin kwayar ido.

• Retinoblastoma yana faruwa a cikin siffofin gado da marasa amfani.

• Jiyya ga duka siffofin retinoblastoma ya kamata ya haɗa da shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.

• Yaran da ke da tarihin iyali na retinoblastoma ya kamata su yi gwajin ido don bincika retinoblastoma.

• Yaron da ke da kwayar cutar retinoblastoma yana da haɗarin haɗuwa da raunin retinoblastoma mai haɗari da sauran cututtukan kansa.

• Alamu da alamomin cutar ta retinoblastoma sun hada da "farin dalibi" da ciwon ido ko ja.

• Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke nazarin kwayar ido don gano (gano) da kuma gano cutar retinoblastoma.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Retinoblastoma cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta a cikin kwayar ido.

Kwayar kwayar ido shine jijiyar jijiyar dake layin cikin ido ta bayan ido. Kwayar ido na hango haske kuma tana aika hotuna zuwa kwakwalwa ta jijiyar gani.

Anatomy na ido, nuna waje da ciki na ido ciki har da sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. Abin ban dariya shine gel wanda ya cika tsakiyar ido.

Kodayake retinoblastoma na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, yana faruwa galibi ga yara ƙanana da shekaru 2. Ciwon kansa na iya zama a cikin ido ɗaya (a gefe ɗaya) ko a duka idanu biyu (na biyu). Retinoblastoma ba safai yake yaduwa daga ido zuwa nama kusa ko wasu sassan jiki ba.

Cavitary retinoblastoma wani nau'in nau'in retinoblastoma ne wanda ba shi da rashi inda ramuka (sarari) ke samuwa a cikin ƙari.

Retinoblastoma yana faruwa a cikin siffofin gado da marasa amfani.

Ana tunanin yaro yana da kyakkyawar hanyar retinoblastoma idan ɗayan masu zuwa gaskiya ne:

• Akwai tarihin iyali na retinoblastoma.

• Akwai wani maye gurbi (canji) a cikin kwayar RB1. Yanayin maye gurbi a cikin kwayar RB1 na iya wucewa daga iyaye zuwa ga yaro ko kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin kwan ko maniyyi kafin daukar ciki ko kuma jim kadan bayan samun ciki.

• Akwai ƙari fiye da ɗaya a cikin ido ko akwai ƙari a cikin idanun biyu.

• Akwai ƙari a ido ɗaya kuma yaron bai kai shekara 1 ba.

Bayan an bincikar lafiya kuma an magance ta, sabbin ciwowi na iya ci gaba da yin 'yan shekaru. Gwajin ido na yau da kullun don bincika sababbin ciwukan daji yawanci ana yin su kowane watanni 2 zuwa 4 na akalla watanni 28.

Rashin kwayar cutar retinoblastoma shine retinoblastoma wanda ba shine hanyar da za'a iya gado ba. Mafi yawan lokuta na cutar retinoblastoma su ne siffofin da ba za a iya cin su ba.

Jiyya ga duka siffofin retinoblastoma ya kamata ya haɗa da shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.

Iyaye ya kamata su karɓi shawara na kwayoyin halitta (tattaunawa tare da ƙwararren ƙwararren masani game da haɗarin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta) don tattauna gwajin kwayar halitta don bincika maye gurbi (canji) a cikin kwayar RB1. Bayar da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta ya hada da tattaunawa game da hadarin cutar retinoblastoma ga yaro da 'yan'uwan yaron ko' yan'uwansa mata.

Yaran da ke da tarihin iyali na retinoblastoma ya kamata su yi gwajin ido don bincika retinoblastoma.

Yaron da ke da tarihin iyali na retinoblastoma ya kamata a yi masa gwajin ido na yau da kullun tun daga farkon rayuwarsa don bincika retinoblastoma, sai dai in an san cewa yaron ba shi da canjin kwayar RB1. Sanarwar farko na retinoblastoma na iya nufin yaron zai buƙaci magani mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.

'Yan'uwa maza ko mata game da cutar retinoblastoma ya kamata likitan ido ya yi musu gwajin ido na yau da kullun har zuwa shekaru 3 zuwa 5, sai dai idan an san cewa ɗan'uwan ko' yar'uwar ba ta da canjin kwayar RB1.

Yaron da ke da kwayar cutar retinoblastoma yana da haɗarin haɗuwa da raunin retinoblastoma mai haɗari da sauran cututtukan kansa.

Yaron da ke da kwayar cutar retinoblastoma yana da ƙarin haɗarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kwakwalwa. Lokacin da cutar kwayar ido da ciwan kwakwalwa suka faru a lokaci guda, ana kiran sa retinoblastoma mai sau uku. Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ana yawanci ganowa tsakanin watanni 20 zuwa 36 da haihuwa. Ana iya yin gwaji na yau da kullun ta amfani da MRI (hoton maganadisu) don a yi tunanin yaro yana da kwayar cutar ta retinoblastoma ko kuma ga yaron da ke da cutar retinoblastoma a ido ɗaya da tarihin iyali na cutar. Ba a amfani da sikanin CT (aikin kwamfuta) yawanci don yin bincike na yau da kullun don kauce wa fallasa yaron ga ionizing radiation.

Hakanan kwayar cutar retinoblastoma tana kara wa yaro barazanar kamuwa da wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa kamar kansar huhu, kansar mafitsara, ko melanoma a shekarun baya. Gwajin bin diddigi na da mahimmanci.

Alamu da alamomin cutar ta retinoblastoma sun hada da "farin dalibi" da ciwon ido ko ja.

Wadannan da sauran alamu da alamomi na iya haifar da retinoblastoma ko ta wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likita idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Upan ido ya bayyana fari maimakon ja yayin da haske ya haskaka a ciki. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin hotunan walƙiya na yaron.

• Idanuwa suna bayyana suna kallo ta fuskoki daban-daban (malalacin ido).

• Jin zafi ko jan ido.

• Kamuwa da cuta a kusa da ido.

• Kwallon ido ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake yi.

• Launin ɓangaren ido da ɗalibi suna kama da girgije.

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke nazarin kwayar ido don gano (gano) da kuma gano cutar retinoblastoma.

Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:

• Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihi: Jarabawa ce ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna. Likita zai tambaya idan akwai tarihin iyali na retinoblastoma.

• Gwajin ido tare da ruɓaɓɓen ɗalibi: Nazarin idanun da aka ɗaliban ɗalibin (buɗewa mai faɗi) tare da maganin ido don ba likita damar dubawa ta cikin tabarau kuma ɗalibin zuwa tantanin ido. A cikin ido, gami da kwayar ido da kuma jijiyar gani, ana bincikar su da haske. Dogaro da shekarun yaron, ana iya yin wannan gwajin a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci.

Akwai nau'ikan gwajin ido da yawa wadanda akeyi tare da fadada dalibi:

• Ophthalmoscopy: Gwajin cikin bayan ido ne don auna ido da jijiyar gani ta amfani da ƙaramin ruwan tabarau da haske.

• Tsaguwa-fitilar biomicroscopy: Gwajin cikin ido ne domin duba kwayar ido, jijiyar ido, da sauran sassan ido ta amfani da katako mai haske da madubin hangen nesa.

• Fluorescein angiography: Hanya ce don kallon magudanan jini da gudan jini a cikin ido. An sanya wani fenti mai haske mai ƙyalli mai haske da ake kira fluorescein a cikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin hannu kuma ya shiga cikin jini. Yayinda rini ke tafiya ta hanyoyin jini na ido, kyamara ta musamman tana daukar hotunan kwayar ido da choroid domin gano duk wani jijiyoyin jini da suka toshe ko suka zube.

• Gwajin kwayar RB1: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda aka gwada samfurin jini ko nama don canji cikin kwayar RB1.

• Gwajin duban dan tayi na ido: Hanya ce wacce ake tayar da igiyar ruwa mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen fatar cikin ido don amsa kuwwa. Ana amfani da digo na ido don dushe ido kuma ana sanya ƙaramin binciken da ke aikawa da karɓar raƙuman sauti a hankali akan fuskar ido. Eararrawar suna yin hoton daga cikin ido kuma ana auna nisan daga cornea zuwa retina. Hoton, wanda ake kira sonogram, yana nuna akan allon na duban dan tayi. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya.

• MRI (hoton maganadisu ): Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar ido. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar ido, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.

Utedididdigar hoto (CT) na kai da wuya. Yaron yana kwance a kan tebur wanda yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar daukar hotan takardu na CT, wanda ke ɗaukar hotunan x-ray na cikin kai da wuya.

Retinoblastoma yawanci ana iya bincikar shi ba tare da biopsy ba.

Lokacin da kwayar cutar retinoblastoma ke cikin ido daya, wani lokacin takan samu a wani idon. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen da idanun da ba a shafa ba har sai an san idan retinoblastoma shine sifar da za a iya amfani da ita.

Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Halin hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da masu zuwa:

• Shin ciwon daji yana cikin ido ɗaya ko duka biyu.

• Girman da yawan marurai.

• Ko kumburin ya yadu zuwa yankin ido, zuwa kwakwalwa, ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Ko akwai alamun bayyanar a lokacin ganowar cutar, don raunin retinoblastoma.

• Shekarun yaron.

• Yaya wataƙila hangen nesa zai iya tsira a cikin ido ɗaya ko duka biyun.

• Ko wani nau'ikan cutar kansa ya sake samuwa.

Matakai na Retinoblastoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Bayan an bincikar cutar retinoblastoma, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu cikin ido ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Za a iya amfani da Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Gwaji (IRSS)

• Mataki na 0

• Mataki Na

• Mataki na II

• Mataki na III

• Mataki na IV

• Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

• Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

• Jiyya don retinoblastoma ya dogara ne ko na cikin jini (a cikin ido) ko ƙari (a waje da ido).

• Intinocular retinoblastoma

• Raarin retinoblastoma (metastatic)

Bayan an bincikar cutar retinoblastoma, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu cikin ido ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar daji ta bazu cikin ido ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin tsayarwa yana tantance ko retinoblastoma yana cikin ido ne kawai (intraocular) ko kuma ya bazu a wajen ido (extraocular). Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani. Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don gano kansar galibi ana amfani da shi don ƙaddamar da cutar. (Duba Babban Bayanin Sashe.)

Za'a iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin masu zuwa a cikin aikin tsayarwa:

• Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma ana yin amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu wanda shima yana daukar hoton jiki. Yankunan kashi tare da ciwon daji suna nuna haske a cikin hoton saboda suna ɗaukar kayan aikin rediyo fiye da ƙwayoyin ƙashi na al'ada.

Binciken kashi. Ana shigar da ƙaramin abu mai tasirin rediyo a cikin jijiyar yaron kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa. Yayinda yaro ke kwance akan tebur wanda yake zamewa a karkashin na'urar daukar hotan takardu, ana gano kayan aikin rediyo kuma ana yin hotuna akan allon kwamfuta.

• Burin kasusuwan kasusuwa da biopsy: Cire kasusuwan kasusuwa da karamin guntun kashi ta hanyar sanya allura mara kyau a cikin kashin hanji ko kashin mama. Wani masanin ilimin cututtuka ya kalli ɓarkewar ƙashi a ƙarƙashin microscope don neman alamun cutar kansa. Burin kasusuwa da biopsy ana yinsa idan likita yana tunanin kansar ta yadu a wajen ido.

• Lumbar puncture: Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don tara ruwa mai ruɓar ciki (CSF) daga sashin kashin baya Ana yin wannan ta sanya allura tsakanin ƙasusuwa biyu a cikin kashin baya da kuma cikin CSF a kewayen ƙashin baya da cire samfurin ruwan. Ana bincikar samfurin CSF a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun da ke nuna cewa ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa da laka. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta LP ko taɓar kashin baya.

Za a iya amfani da Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Gwaji (IRSS)

Akwai tsarin tsaruwa da yawa don retinoblastoma. Matakan IRSS sun dogara ne akan yadda yawancin ciwon daji ya rage bayan tiyata don cire kumburin da kuma ko kansar ta bazu.

Mataki na 0

Ciwon yana cikin ido kawai. Ba a cire ido ba kuma an magance kumburin ba tare da tiyata ba.

Mataki Na

Ciwon yana cikin ido kawai. An cire ido kuma babu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da suka rage.

Mataki na II

Ciwon yana cikin ido kawai. An cire ido kuma akwai sauran ƙwayoyin cutar daji da suka rage wanda ba za a iya ganinsa tare da microscope kawai ba.

Mataki na III

Mataki na III ya kasu kashi uku IIIa da IIIb:

• A cikin mataki na IIIa, ciwon daji ya bazu daga ido zuwa kyallen takarda kewaye da jijiyar ido.

• A cikin mataki na IIIb, cutar daji ta bazu daga ido zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a kusa da kunne ko a wuya.

Mataki na IV

Matsayi na IV ya kasu kashi-kashi IVa da IVb:

• A cikin mataki na IVa, ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa jini amma ba zuwa ga kwakwalwa ko laka ba. Oraya ko ƙari ƙari ka iya yadawa zuwa wasu sassan jiki kamar ƙashi ko hanta.

• A cikin mataki na IVb, ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa cikin kwakwalwa ko laka. Hakanan yana iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:

• Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.

Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan retinoblastoma ya bazu zuwa kashi, kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin kashin zahiri sune kwayoyin retinoblastoma. Cutar ita ce retinoblastoma mai lalacewa, ba cutar kansa ba.

Jiyya don retinoblastoma ya dogara ne ko na cikin jini (a cikin ido) ko ƙari (a waje da ido).

Intinocular retinoblastoma

A cikin intinocular retinoblastoma, ana samun kansar a cikin ido ɗaya ko duka biyun kuma yana iya kasancewa a cikin kwayar ido kawai ko kuma yana iya kasancewa a wasu ɓangarorin ido kamar su choroid, jikin mara lafiya, ko kuma wani ɓangare na jijiyar gani. Ciwon daji bai yadu zuwa kyallen takarda ba a gefen ido ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Raarin retinoblastoma (metastatic)

A cikin cututtukan cututtukan fata, ciwon daji ya bazu fiye da ido. Ana iya samun shi a cikin kyallen takarda kusa da ido (orbital retinoblastoma) ko kuma maiyuwa ya bazu zuwa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (kwakwalwa da laka) ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki kamar hanta, ƙashi, bargo, ko lymph nodes.

Ci gaba da Maimaitawa Retinoblastoma

Ci gaba retinoblastoma shine retinoblastoma wanda baya amsa magani. Maimakon haka, ciwon daji ya girma, yaɗu, ko ya ƙara muni.

Sake dawo da cutar retinoblastoma shine cutar sankara wacce ta sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an warke ta. Ciwon kansa na iya sake dawowa a cikin ido, cikin kyallen takarda a kusa da ido, ko kuma a wasu wurare a cikin jiki.

Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya tare da retinoblastoma.

• Yaran da ke da cutar ta retinoblastoma ya kamata ƙungiyar masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka ƙware kan kula da cutar daji a cikin yara su shirya maganin su.

• Jiyya don retinoblastoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

• Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

• Ciwon ciki

• Thermotherapy

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation far

• -Aramin magani mai ƙarfi tare da ceton kwayar halitta

• Tiyata (enucleation)

• Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

• Ciwon da aka yi niyya

• Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

• Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

• Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya tare da retinoblastoma.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya tare da retinoblastoma. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani.

Saboda cutar kansa a cikin yara ba safai ba, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shiga cikin gwajin asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.

Yaran da ke da cutar ta retinoblastoma ya kamata ƙungiyar masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka ƙware kan kula da cutar daji a cikin yara su shirya maganin su.

Manufar magani ita ce ta ceci ran yaro, da kiyaye gani da ido, da kuma kiyaye cutarwa masu illa. Jiyya za ta kula da likitan ilimin likitan yara, likita wanda ya kware kan kula da yara masu cutar kansa. Masanin ilimin likitan yara yana aiki tare da wasu masu ba da kiwon lafiya waɗanda ƙwararru ne wajen kula da yara da ke fama da cutar ido da kuma waɗanda suka kware a wasu fannonin magani. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da likitan ido na likitan yara (likitan ido na yara) wanda ke da ƙwarewa sosai wajen magance retinoblastoma da ƙwararrun masanan masu zuwa:

• Likitan likitan yara.

• Radiation oncologist

• Likitan yara.

• Kwararren likitan yara.

• Gwanayen gyarawa.

• Ma'aikacin zamantakewa.

• Kwayar halittar jini ko mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta.

Jiyya don retinoblastoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

Don bayani game da illolin da ke farawa yayin magani don cutar kansa, duba shafin Gurbinmu.

Hanyoyi masu illa daga maganin ciwon daji wanda zai fara bayan jiyya kuma ya ci gaba tsawon watanni ko shekaru ana kiransa sakamako na ƙarshe. Sakamakon sakamako na ƙarshe don retinoblastoma na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Matsaloli na zahiri kamar gani ko matsalar ji ko, idan an cire ido, sauya fasali da girman ƙashi a kusa da ido.

• Canje-canje a cikin yanayi, ji, tunani, ilmantarwa, ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

• Cutar kansa ta biyu (sababbin nau'ikan cutar kansa), kamar cutar huhu da mafitsara, osteosarcoma, sarcoma mai laushi, ko melanoma.

Abubuwan haɗarin haɗari masu zuwa na iya ƙara haɗarin samun wata cutar kansa:

• Samun kyakkyawan yanayin retinoblastoma.

• Jiyya ta baya tare da maganin radiation, musamman kafin shekara 1 da haihuwa.

• Bayan ya riga ya kamu da cutar kansa ta biyu.

Yana da mahimmanci a yi magana da likitocin ɗanka game da illar da cutar kansa za ta iya yi wa ɗanka. Biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun daga ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ƙwararru ne a cikin bincikowa da magance ƙarshen cututtuka na da mahimmanci. Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan ƙarshen tasirin Magani don Ciwon Childhoodan yara don ƙarin bayani.

Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

Ciwon ciki

Cryotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da kayan aiki don daskare da lalata ƙwayar mahaukaci. Wannan nau'in magani ana kuma kiransa cryosurgery.

Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy shine amfani da zafi don lalata ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana iya ba da magani ta amfani da katako mai amfani da laser ta hanyar ɗalibin da aka faɗa ko a wajen ƙwallon ido. Za a iya amfani da Thermotherapy shi kaɗai don ƙananan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi ko a haɗa su tare da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar don manyan ciwowar. Wannan jiyya nau'ine na amfani da laser.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da matakin cutar kansa da inda ciwon kansa yake a jiki.

Akwai nau'ikan ilimin jiyya da yawa:

• Chemotherapy na systemic: Lokacin da aka ɗauki chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna iya isa ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin jiki. Ana ba da magani na jiki don rage ƙwayar cuta (chemoreduction) da kuma guje wa tiyata don cire ido. Bayan haɓakawa, wasu jiyya na iya haɗawa da maganin fuka-fuka, maganin ɓarke-juye, magani na laser, ko kuma yanki na yanki.

Hakanan za'a iya ba da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don kashe duk ƙwayoyin kansar da suka rage bayan jiyya ta farko ko ga marasa lafiya da cutar retinoblastoma da ke faruwa a wajen ido. Maganin da aka bayar bayan jiyya ta farko, don rage haɗarin cewa ciwon daji zai dawo, ana kiran sa adjuvant therapy.

• Chemaramin yanki na yanki: Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki (intrathecal chemotherapy), wani sashin jiki (kamar ido), ko kuma rami na jiki, magungunan sun fi shafar ƙwayoyin kansa a waɗancan yankuna. Ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan magungunan yankin don magance retinoblastoma.

• Chemotherapy jijiyar jijiyar jijiyoyin jini: Oarfafa jijiyar cututtukan jijiyoyin jini suna ɗauke da kwayoyi masu cutar kansa kai tsaye zuwa ido. Ana saka catheter a cikin jijiyar da take kaiwa zuwa ido kuma ana bayar da maganin ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar catheter. Bayan an ba da magani, ana iya saka ƙaramin balan-balan a cikin jijiyar don toshe shi kuma a ajiye mafi yawan maganin ƙwayar cuta wanda ya makale a kusa da ƙari. Ana iya ba da wannan nau'ikan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar a matsayin magani na farko lokacin da ƙari ke cikin ido kawai ko kuma lokacin da kumburin bai amsa wasu nau'ikan maganin ba. Ana ba da jiyyar jijiyar jijiyoyin ido a cibiyoyin magani na musamman na retinoblastoma.

• Intravitreal chemotherapy: Intravitreal chemotherapy shine allurar magungunan anticancer kai tsaye zuwa cikin raha mai ƙyama (abu mai kama da jelly) a cikin ido. Ana amfani da shi don magance cutar kansa wanda ya bazu zuwa raha mai banƙyama kuma bai amsa magani ba ko kuma ya dawo bayan jiyya.

Duba Magunguna da Aka Amince don Retinoblastoma don ƙarin bayani.

Radiation far

Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:

• Magungunan radiation na katako na waje yana amfani da inji a waje da jiki don aika radiation zuwa kansar. Wasu hanyoyi na ba da maganin fitila na iya taimakawa kiyaye radiation daga lalata lafiyar nama mai kusa. Wadannan nau'ikan maganin radiation sun hada da masu zuwa:

• Radiationarfin ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi (IMRT): IMRT wani nau'i ne na maganin fitilar waje (3-D) wanda yake amfani da kwamfuta don yin hotuna na girman da sifar kumburin. Beananan bakin katako na iska mai ƙarfi daban-daban (ƙarfi) ana nufin kumburin daga kusurwa da yawa.

• Proton-beam radiation therapy: Proton-beam therapy wani nau'in karfi ne, maganin feshin waje. Na'urar maganin fuka-fuka tana nufin rafuka na proton (ƙarami, marar ganuwa, ƙwaƙƙwaran caji) a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don kashe su.

• Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji. Wasu hanyoyi na ba da maganin fitila na iya taimakawa kiyaye radiation daga lalata lafiyar nama mai kusa. Wannan nau'in maganin ƙwayar cuta na ciki na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Alamar radiotherapy: Ana haɗa tsaba mai aiki da iska a gefe ɗaya na faifai, ana kiranta abin almara, kuma ana sanya ta kai tsaye a bangon ido na ido kusa da ƙari. Gefen tambarin tare da tsaba a kai na fuskantar ƙwallon ido, da nufin yin fitila a kumburin. Alamar tana taimakawa wajen kare sauran kayan dake kusa dasu daga aikin haskakawa.

Alamar rediyo na ido. Wani nau'ikan maganin fitilar da ake amfani dashi don magance ciwowar ido. Ana sanya tsaba iri-iri a gefe ɗaya na bakin ƙarfe ƙaramin ƙarfe (galibi zinare) wanda ake kira plaque. Ana daddafe dutsen a bangon ido na waje. 'Ya'yan suna bayar da radiation wanda ke kashe kansa. Ana cire allon a ƙarshen jiyya, wanda yawanci yakan ɗauki kwanaki da yawa.

Hanyar da ake ba da maganin raɗarar ya dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa da ake kula da ita da kuma yadda cutar kansa ta amsa wasu magunguna. Ana amfani da magungunan radiation na waje da na ciki don magance retinoblastoma.

-Aramin magani mai ƙarfi tare da ceton kwayar halitta

Ana ba da magungunan allura don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin lafiya, gami da ƙwayoyin halitta masu jini, suma ana lalata su ta hanyar maganin kansa. Cutar da ƙwaƙwalwa shine magani don maye gurbin ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana cire ƙwayoyin jiki (ƙwayoyin jinin da basu balaga ba) daga cikin jinin ko ƙashin ƙashin mara lafiyan kuma ana daskarar dasu ana adana su. Bayan mai haƙuri ya gama shan magani, sai a narke ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka adana kuma a mayar da su ga mai haƙuri ta hanyar jiko. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin magungunan za a ɗibar

Duba Magunguna da Aka Amince don Retinoblastoma don ƙarin bayani.

Tiyata (enucleation)

Fitar ciki shine tiyata don cire ido da wani ɓangare na jijiyar gani. Za a duba samfurin kwayoyin halittar idanun da aka cire a karkashin wani madubin hangen nesa don ganin ko akwai alamun cewa mai yiwuwa cutar ta daji ta yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Wannan yakamata ayi ta ƙwararren masanin cututtukan fata, wanda ya saba da retinoblastoma da sauran cututtuka na ido. Ana yin fitar hankali idan babu kadan ko babu dama cewa hangen nesa zai iya tsira kuma idan ƙari ya yi girma, bai amsa magani ba, ko kuma ya dawo bayan jiyya. Mai haƙuri za a sanya shi don ido na wucin gadi.

Ana bukatar bin diddigin na kusan shekaru 2 ko fiye don bincika alamun sake dawowa a yankin kusa da idon da abin ya shafa da kuma duba ɗayan idon.

Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Ciwon da aka yi niyya

Targeted therapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don afkawa ƙwayoyin kansar. Ieswararrun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yawanci suna haifar da toarancin cutarwa ga kwayoyin al'ada fiye da chemotherapy ko maganin radiation.

Ana nazarin ilimin da aka yi niyya don maganin retinoblastoma wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo).

Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.

Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.

Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.

Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.

Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ɗanku ya canza ko kuma idan ciwon daji ya sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Retinoblastoma

A Wannan Sashin

• Jiyya na Banbanci, Banteral, da Cavitary Retinoblastoma

• Jiyya na Extraocular Retinoblastoma

• Jiyya na Ci gaba ko Maimaita Retinoblastoma

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Jiyya na Banbanci, Banteral, da Cavitary Retinoblastoma

Idan da alama ido zai iya tsira, jiyya na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy na yau da kullun ko maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta, tare da ko ba tare da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar intravitreal ba, don rage ƙwayar cuta. Wannan na iya biyo baya ɗaya ko fiye na masu zuwa:

• Ciwon ciki.

• Thermotherapy.

• Alamar rediyo

• Magungunan radiation na katako na waje don maganin cututtukan ciki na intinooclast retinoblastoma wanda baya amsa wasu magunguna.

Idan ƙari ya babba kuma bazai yuwu a ce ido zai iya tsira ba, jiyya na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Tiyata (enucleation). Bayan tiyata, ana iya ba da magani na chemotherapy don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Lokacin da retinoblastoma ke cikin idanun duka biyu, maganin kowane ido na iya zama daban, gwargwadon girman ƙari da kuma ko da alama za a iya samun ido. Yawan sinadarai na tsarin cutar sankara yawanci yawanci akan ido ne wanda ke da ƙarin ciwon daji.

Jiyya don cavitary retinoblastoma, wani nau'in intinocolastic retinoblastoma, na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy na yau da kullun ko maganin cututtukan jijiyoyin ido.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Jiyya na Extraocular Retinoblastoma

Jiyya don ƙwayar cutar retinoblastoma wacce ta bazu zuwa yankin ido tana iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy na yau da kullun da kuma maganin radiation na waje.

• Chemararrawar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki tare da tiyata (enucleation). Za a iya ba da kulawar fitila ta waje da ƙarin magani bayan an yi tiyata.

Jiyya don ƙwayar cutar retinoblastoma wacce ta bazu zuwa kwakwalwa na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Tsarin ko intrathecal chemotherapy.

• Hanyar radiation ta katako ta waje da ƙwaƙwalwa.

• Chemotherapy yana biye da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ceton kwayar halitta.

Ba a bayyana ba ko magani tare da chemotherapy, radiation radiation, ko babban maganin ƙwayar cuta tare da ceton kwayar halitta yana taimaka wa marasa lafiya da cututtukan retinoblastoma na rayuwa.

Don retinoblastoma mai sau uku, magani na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Chemwararren ƙwayar cuta wanda ke biye da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ceton kwayar halitta.

• Chemwararren ƙwayar cuta wanda ke biye da tiyata da kuma maganin fitila na waje.

Ga kwayar cutar wacce ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, amma ba kwakwalwa ba, magani na iya hada da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy wanda ke biye da kimiyyar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi tare da ceton kwayar halitta ta asali da kuma maganin fitilar waje da ƙwanƙwasa.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Jiyya na Ci gaba ko Maimaita Retinoblastoma

Jiyya na ci gaba ko maimaitaccen ciki na intinooclastoma na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Magungunan radiyon waje-katako ko maganin rediyo.

• Ciwon ciki.

• Thermotherapy.

• Chemotherapy na yau da kullun ko maganin cututtukan jijiyoyin ido.

• Intravitreal chemotherapy.

• Tiyata (enucleation).

Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum. Jiyya na ci gaba ko maimaita retinoblastoma na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Chemoterapi na yau da kullun da kuma hasken fitila na waje don retinoblastoma wanda ke dawowa bayan tiyata don cire ido.

• Chemwararren ƙwayar cuta wanda ke biye da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ceton kwayar halitta da ƙarancin radiation na waje.

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon Cutar Yara

Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Ciwon cerwayar Ciwon ofasa game da maganin retinoblastoma, duba mai zuwa:

• Shafin Shafin Retinoblastoma

• Tomography Tomography (CT) Scans da Ciwon daji

• Tashin hankali a cikin Jiyya na Cancer: Tambayoyi da Amsoshi

• An Amince da Magunguna don Retinoblastoma

• Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Cutar Cancer na Cancer

Don ƙarin bayani game da cutar sankarar yara da sauran albarkatun kansar gaba ɗaya, duba masu zuwa:

• Game da Ciwon daji

• Ciwon Yara

• Binciken Cure don Ciwon Childrenan yara

• Matsayi na Late na Jiyya don Ciwon Yara

• Matasa da Samari da Ciwon daji

• Yara da Ciwon daji: Jagora ga Iyaye

• Ciwon daji a cikin Yara da Matasa

• Tsayawa

• Yin fama da Ciwon daji

• Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji

• Don Tsira da Kulawa