Nau'o'in / prostate / haƙuri / magani-magani-pdq
Abubuwan da ke ciki
- 1 Maganin Ciwon daji na Prostate (®) –Patient Version
- 1.1 Janar Bayani Game da Ciwon Kansa
- 1.2 Matakai na Ciwon daji
- 1.3 Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
- 1.4 Jiyya na Stage I Prostate Cancer
- 1.5 Jiyya na Ciwon Cutar Sanda na II
- 1.6 Jiyya na Mataki na III Prostate Cancer
- 1.7 Jiyya na Ciwon daji na Prostate na Stage IV
- 1.8 Jiyya na Maimaitawa ko Ciwon Prowayar Ciwon stwayar Hormone
- 1.9 Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon daji na Prostate
Maganin Ciwon daji na Prostate (®) –Patient Version
Janar Bayani Game da Ciwon Kansa
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Prostate cancer wata cuta ce wacce kwayar cuta mai saurin kamuwa (cell) ke samunta a cikin kyallen roba.
- Alamomin cutar kansar mafitsara sun hada da raunin fitsari ko yawan yin fitsari.
- Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar prostate da jini don gano cutar kansar ta prostate.
- Ana yin biopsy don tantance kansar ta prostate da kuma gano matsayin kansar (Sakamakon Gleason).
- Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Prostate cancer wata cuta ce wacce kwayar cuta mai saurin kamuwa (cell) ke samunta a cikin kyallen roba.
Prostate wata glandace ce a cikin tsarin haihuwar namiji. Yana kwance ne a karkashin mafitsara (gabar da ke tara fitsari) da kuma gaban dubura (kasan bangaren hanji). Ya kai kimanin girman goro kuma ya kewaye wani sashi na mafitsara (bututun da ke fitar da fitsari daga mafitsara). Glandet din yana sanya ruwa wanda yake wani bangare ne na maniyyin.
Ciwon kanjamau ya fi zama ruwan dare ga tsofaffin maza. A Amurka, kimanin maza 1 cikin 5 za a bincikar su da cutar sankarar sankara.
Alamomin cutar kansar mafitsara sun hada da raunin fitsari ko yawan yin fitsari.
Wadannan da sauran alamomi da alamu na iya haifar da cutar kansar mafitsara ko ta wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Raunin fitsari mai rauni ko katsewa ("tsayawa-ka-tafi").
- Kwatsam fitsari yayi.
- Yawan yin fitsari (musamman da daddare).
- Matsalar fara kwararar fitsari.
- Matsalar zubar da mafitsara gaba daya.
- Jin zafi ko zafi yayin fitsari.
- Jini a cikin fitsari ko maniyyi.
- Ciwo a baya, kwatangwalo, ko ƙashin ƙugu wanda baya tafiya.
- Ofarancin numfashi, jin kasala sosai, bugun zuciya da sauri, jiri, ko kodadadden fata sakamakon rashin jini.
Sauran yanayi na iya haifar da irin alamun. Yayinda maza suka tsufa, prostate din na iya kara girma ya toshe mafitsara ko mafitsara. Wannan na iya haifar da matsalar yin fitsari ko matsalolin jima'i. Yanayin ana kiransa hyperplasia mai saurin haɗari (BPH), kuma ko da yake ba kansa bane, ana iya yin tiyata. Alamomin cututtukan mahaifa ko na wasu matsaloli a cikin prostate na iya zama kamar alamomin cutar kansa ta prostate.
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar prostate da jini don gano cutar kansar ta prostate.
Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:
- Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihin lafiya: Jarabawa ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.
- Gwajin dubura na dijital (DRE): Jarrabawar dubura. Likita ko nas sun sanya yatsan hannu, mai hannu a cikin dubura kuma suna jin prostate ta cikin bangon dubura don kumburi ko wuraren da ba na al'ada ba.
- Gwajin takamaiman antigen (PSA): Gwajin da ke auna matakin PSA a cikin jini. PSA wani abu ne wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar prostate wanda za'a iya samun sa sama da adadi mai yawa a jinin mutanen da suke da cutar sankarar mafitsara. Matakan PSA na iya zama maɗaukaki ga maza waɗanda ke da kamuwa da cuta ko kumburi na prostate ko BPH (faɗaɗa, amma ba mai cutar ba, prostate).
- Transrectal duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake saka wani bincike wanda yake kusan girman yatsa a cikin duburar don duba prostate. Ana amfani da binciken don tayar da raƙuman sauti mai ƙarfi (duban dan tayi) daga kayan ciki ko gabobin ciki kuma suyi amo. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya amfani da duban dan tayi ta hanyar wuce gona da iri yayin aikin biopsy. Wannan ake kira transrectal duban dan tayi jagora biopsy.
- Hanyoyin haɓakar maganadisu kai tsaye (MRI): Hanya ce da ke amfani da maganadisu mai ƙarfi, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki. An saka wani bincike wanda yake bayar da igiyar rediyo a cikin dubura kusa da prostate. Wannan yana taimaka wa injin MRI wajen bayyana hotunan prostate da kayan dake kusa. Ana yin MRI na kai tsaye don gano idan ciwon daji ya bazu a wajen ƙanƙan cikin cikin kayan da ke kusa. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI). Ana iya amfani da MRI mai canzawa yayin aikin biopsy. Wannan ana kiransa transrectal MRI jagorar biopsy.
Ana yin biopsy don tantance kansar ta prostate da kuma gano matsayin kansar (Sakamakon Gleason).
Ana amfani da biopsy kai tsaye don tantance cutar kanjamau. Kwayar halittar kai tsaye shine cire nama daga cikin prostate ta hanyar sanya wani bakin allura ta cikin dubura da kuma cikin prostate. Ana iya yin wannan aikin ta amfani da duban dan tayi ko kuma MRI kai tsaye don taimakawa jagora inda ake ɗaukar samfuran nama. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa.
Wani lokaci ana yin biopsy ta hanyar amfani da samfurin nama wanda aka cire a yayin sakewa na jujjuyawar prostate (TURP) don magance hyperplasia mai saurin rauni.
Idan aka samu kansar, masanin cututtukan zai ba wa kansar maki. Matsayin kansar ya bayyana yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ba sa kyau a ƙarƙashin madubin likita da kuma yadda saurin ciwon kansa zai yi girma da kuma yaɗuwa. Ana kiran darajan cutar kansa Gleason score.
Don ba wa ciwon daji daraja, masanin ilimin cututtukan fata yana bincika samfuran ƙwayar prostate don ganin yadda ƙwayar ƙwayar kamar ƙwayar ta prostate ta al'ada da kuma gano manyan sifofin ƙirar biyu. Tsarin farko ya bayyana tsarin nama mafi na kowa, kuma tsarin na biyu ya bayyana tsarin da yafi na kowa gaba. Kowane tsarin ana ba shi darasi daga 3 zuwa 5, tare da aji 3 wanda ya fi kama da ƙwayar prostate ta al'ada kuma aji 5 yana kama da mahaukaci. Ana kara maki biyu don samun maki Gleason.
Sakamakon Gleason na iya kaiwa daga 6 zuwa 10. Mafi girman ƙimar Gleason, ƙila yiwuwar cutar kansa ta girma da bazuwa da sauri. Sakamakon Gleason na 6 shine ƙananan ciwon daji; kashi 7 na cutar sikandire ce; kuma kashi 8, 9, ko 10 babban ciwon kansa ne. Misali, idan mafi kyawon tsarin nama shine aji 3 kuma tsarin na sakandare shine aji 4, yana nufin cewa yawancin ciwon daji shine aji 3 kuma ƙasa da cutar kansa shine aji 4. Ana ƙara maki don Gleason ci 7, kuma ita matsakaiciyar cutar kansa ce. Za'a iya rubuta maki Gleason azaman 3 + 4 = 7, Gleason 7/10, ko a haɗa Gleason ci na 7.
Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Hanyoyin hangen nesa da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da masu zuwa:
- Matakin kansar (matakin PSA, Gleason score, Grade Group, nawa ne cutar ta prostate ke fama da cutar kansa, da kuma ko cutar ta yadu zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki).
- Mai haƙuri shekarunsa.
- Ko dai an gano cutar kansa ko kuma ta sake dawowa (dawo).
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani na iya dogara da waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Ko mai haƙuri yana da wasu matsalolin lafiya.
- Abubuwan da ake tsammani na magani.
- Maganin da ya gabata na cutar sankarar sankara.
- Burin mara lafiya.
Yawancin maza da suka kamu da cutar sankara ba sa mutuwa.
Matakai na Ciwon daji
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Bayan an binciko kansar cutar ta prostate, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko kwayoyin cutar kansa sun bazu a cikin prostate din ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
- Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
- Ana amfani da Groupungiyar Grade da matakin PSA don ƙaddamar da cutar sankarar prostate.
- Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar kansa ta prostate:
- Mataki Na
- Mataki na II
- Mataki na III
- Mataki na IV
- Ciwon daji na Prostate zai iya sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an magance shi.
Bayan an binciko kansar cutar ta prostate, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko kwayoyin cutar kansa sun bazu a cikin prostate din ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar daji ta bazu a cikin ƙwayar cuta ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani. Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don gano cutar kansar mafitsara galibi ana amfani da shi don gabatar da cutar. (Dubi Babban Bayanin Sashin.)
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin a cikin tsarin ɗaukar hoto:
- Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano shi.
- MRI (hoton maganadisu ): Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).
- CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.
- Pmpvic lymphadenectomy: Tsarin tiyata don cire ƙwayoyin lymph a ƙashin ƙugu. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa.
- Seminal vesicle biopsy: Cire ruwa daga ƙwayar cuta (gland wanda ke yin maniyyi) ta amfani da allura. Wani masanin ilimin ɗan adam ya kalli ruwan a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa.
- ProstaScint scan: Hanya ce da za a bincika kansar da ta bazu daga prostate zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar su lymph nodes. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin rediyo yana manne wa kwayoyin cutar kansar mafitsara kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano su. Kayan aikin rediyo yana nunawa a matsayin hoto mai haske a hoton a yankunan da akwai tarin kwayoyin cutar kansar mafitsara.
Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:
- Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan cutar sankarar mafitsara ta bazu zuwa ƙashi, ƙwayoyin kansar da ke cikin ƙashin sune ainihin ƙwayoyin kansar prostate. Cutar ita ce cutar kansar gurguzu, ba ta ciwon ƙashi ba.
Ana iya amfani da Denosumab, wani kwayar cutar ta monoclonal, don hana ƙwayar metastases.
Ana amfani da Groupungiyar Grade da matakin PSA don ƙaddamar da cutar sankarar prostate.
Matakin ciwon daji ya dogara ne da sakamakon gwajin da gwajin gwaji, gami da gwajin takamaiman antigen (PSA) da kuma rukunin Grade. Ana amfani da samfurin nama da aka cire yayin biopsy don gano ƙimar Gleason. Sakamakon Gleason ya fito ne daga 2 zuwa 10 kuma ya bayyana yadda kwayoyin halittar kansa ke bambanta daga ƙwayoyin yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin microscope kuma ta yaya zai yiwu kumburin yaɗu. Theananan lambar, yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna kama da ƙwayoyin yau da kullun kuma wataƙila su girma su yaɗu a hankali.
Groupungiyar Grade ta dogara da ƙimar Gleason. Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don ƙarin bayani game da ƙimar Gleason.
- Groupungiyar 1 ta Grade maki Gleason ne na 6 ko lessasa.
- Rukuni na 2 ko 3 shine maki Gleason na 7.
- Groupungiyar 4 ta Grade maki 8 ce ta Gleason.
- Rukuni na 5 na Gleason na 9 ko 10.
Gwajin PSA yana auna matakin PSA a cikin jini. PSA wani abu ne wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar prostate wanda za'a iya samu a cikin wani adadi mai yawa a cikin jinin mazaje wadanda suke da cutar ta prostate.
Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar kansa ta prostate:
Mataki Na
- ba a jin shi yayin gwajin dubura na dijital kuma ana samun sa ta biopsy na allura (anyi shi don babban matakin PSA) ko kuma a cikin samfurin nama da aka cire yayin aikin tiyata saboda wasu dalilai (kamar su hyperplasia mara kyau). Matakan PSA yana ƙasa da 10 kuma theungiyar Grade ce 1; ko
- ana jin sa yayin gwajin dubura na dijital kuma ana samun sa a cikin rabi ko oneasa da ɗaya gefen prostate. Matakan PSA ya ƙasa da 10 kuma Groupungiyar Grade ce 1.
Mataki na II
A mataki na II, ciwon daji ya ci gaba fiye da na I, amma bai bazu a wajen ƙanƙan da baya ba. Mataki na II ya kasu kashi-kashi IIA, IIB, da IIC.
A cikin mataki na IIA, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a daya da rabi ko lessasa na gefe daya na prostate. Matakan PSA aƙalla 10 amma ƙasa da 20 kuma Groupungiyar Grade ita ce 1; ko
- ana samunsa a fiye da rabi na gefe daya na prostate ko kuma a bangarorin biyu na prostate. Matakan PSA ya ƙasa da 20 kuma Groupungiyar Grade ce 1.
A cikin mataki na IIB, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a daya ko duka bangarorin prostate. Matsayin PSA yana ƙasa da 20 kuma Groupungiyar Grade 2 ce.
A cikin mataki na IIC, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a daya ko duka bangarorin prostate. Matsayin PSA yana ƙasa da 20 kuma theungiyar Grade 3 ko 4 ce.
Mataki na III
Mataki na III ya kasu kashi biyu IIIA, IIIB, da IIIC.
A cikin mataki na IIIA, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a daya ko duka bangarorin prostate. Matsayi na PSA aƙalla 20 kuma Groupungiyar Grade ce 1, 2, 3, ko 4.
A cikin mataki na IIIB, ciwon daji:
- ya yaɗu daga prostate zuwa veinal ko kuma zuwa kusa da nama ko gabobin jiki, kamar dubura, mafitsara, ko bangon ƙugu. PSA na iya zama kowane matakin kuma theungiyar deasa ita ce 1, 2, 3, ko 4.
A cikin mataki na IIIC, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a ɗaya ko duka ɓangarorin biyu na prostate kuma wataƙila ya bazu zuwa cikin kwayar halittar jini ko kuma zuwa ga tsoka ko gabobin da ke kusa, kamar dubura, mafitsara, ko bangon ƙugu. PSA na iya zama kowane matakin kuma theungiyar Grade ita ce 5.
Mataki na IV
Matsayi na IV ya kasu kashi-kashi IVA da IVB.
A cikin mataki na IVA, ciwon daji:
- ana samunsa a ɗaya ko duka ɓangarorin biyu na prostate kuma wataƙila ya bazu zuwa cikin kwayar halittar jini ko kuma zuwa ga tsoka ko gabobin da ke kusa, kamar dubura, mafitsara, ko bangon ƙugu. Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa. PSA na iya zama kowane matakin kuma theungiyar deasa ita ce 1, 2, 3, 4, ko 5.
A cikin mataki na IVB, ciwon daji:
- ya yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar kasusuwa ko narkakkun hanyoyin lymph. Ciwon kanjamau yakan yada zuwa kasusuwa.
Ciwon daji na Prostate zai iya sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an magance shi.
Ciwon kansa na iya dawowa a cikin prostate ko kuma a wasu sassan jiki.
Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankara.
- Ana amfani da nau'i bakwai na daidaitaccen magani:
- Waitingarin jira ko sa ido mai aiki
- Tiyata
- Radiation therapy da radiopharmaceutical far
- Hormone far
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Bisphosphonate far
- Akwai magunguna don ciwon ƙashi wanda ya haifar da ƙashin ƙashi ko maganin hormone.
- Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
- Yin aikin tiyata
- Babban ƙarfin-mai da hankali kan duban dan tayi
- Proton katako radiation far
- Photodynamic far
- Jiyya don cutar kansar mafitsara na iya haifar da illa.
- Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
- Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
- Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Akwai nau'ikan magani iri daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankara.
Akwai nau'o'in magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.
Ana amfani da nau'i bakwai na daidaitaccen magani:
Waitingarin jira ko sa ido mai aiki
Kulawa da kulawa da kulawa sune magunguna da ake amfani dasu don tsofaffin maza waɗanda basu da alamomi ko alamomi ko kuma suna da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya da kuma ga maza waɗanda aka gano kansar ta cikin ƙwayar cuta yayin gwajin gwaji.
Tsayawa a hankali yana lura da yanayin mai haƙuri ba tare da ba da wani magani ba har sai alamu ko alamu sun bayyana ko canzawa. Ana ba da magani don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.
Kulawa mai aiki tana bin yanayin mai haƙuri ba tare da ba da wani magani ba sai dai idan akwai canje-canje a sakamakon gwajin. Ana amfani dashi don gano alamomin farko da cewa yanayin yana ƙara ta'azzara. A cikin aikin kulawa, ana ba marasa lafiya wasu gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje, gami da gwajin dubura na dijital, gwajin PSA, duban duban dan tayi, da kwayar biopsy, don bincika idan kansar tana girma. Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara girma, ana ba da magani don warkar da kansa.
Sauran kalmomin da ake amfani dasu don bayyana rashin bada magani don warkar da cutar sankarar sankara bayan an gano cutar sune lura, kallo da jira, da kuma kulawa mai jiran tsammani.
Tiyata
Marasa lafiya cikin ƙoshin lafiya wanda ƙari ya kasance a cikin glandon prostate kawai ana iya kula dashi tare da tiyata don cire ƙari. Ana amfani da nau'ikan tiyata masu zuwa:
- Radical prostatectomy: Aikin tiyata don cire prostate, kayan da ke kewaye da shi, da jijiyoyin jikin mace. Ana iya cire cirewar ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa a lokaci guda. Babban nau'in cututtukan prostatectomy masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun haɗa da:
- Bude prostatectomy mai tsattsauran ra'ayi: An sanya wani yanki (yanke) a cikin yankin da ake juyawa (ƙananan ciki) ko kuma perineum (yankin tsakanin dubura da maƙarƙashiya). Ana yin aikin tiyata ta hanyar ɗaukar ciki. Yana da wahala ga likitan likita ya rage jijiyoyin da ke kusa da prostate ko kuma cire ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa da su ta hanyar perineum.
- Icalwayar cututtuka ta laparoscopic prostatectomy: smallananan raguwa (yankewa) ana yin su a bangon ciki. An saka laparoscope (na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo) ta hanyar buɗewa ɗaya don jagorantar tiyatar. Ana saka kayan aikin tiyata ta sauran wuraren budewar don yin tiyatar.
- Robot-taimaka laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Ana yin ƙananan yanka da yawa a bangon ciki, kamar yadda a cikin laparoscopic prostatectomy na yau da kullum. Likitan likitan ya shigar da kayan aiki tare da kyamara ta daya daga cikin wuraren budewa da kuma kayan aikin tiyata ta sauran wuraren ta amfani da hannayen mutum-mutumi. Kyamarar tana ba wa likitan fuska 3-girma na prostate da tsarin kewaye. Likitan ya yi amfani da hannayen mutum-mutumi don yin tiyatar yayin da yake zaune a kan na’urar lura da kwamfuta kusa da teburin aiki.
- Pmpvic lymphadenectomy: Tsarin tiyata don cire ƙwayoyin lymph a ƙashin ƙugu. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan lymph nodes suna dauke da ciwon daji, likita ba zai cire prostate ba kuma zai iya ba da shawarar wani magani.
- Gyarawar Transurethral na prostate (TURP): Tsarin tiyata don cire nama daga cikin prostate ta amfani da resectoscope (na bakin ciki, bututu mai haske tare da kayan yanka) wanda aka saka ta cikin urethra. Ana yin wannan aikin don magance cutar hawan jini mai rauni kuma wani lokacin ana yin sa don taimakawa bayyanar cututtukan da ƙari ya haifar kafin a ba da sauran maganin kansa. Hakanan ana iya yin TURP a cikin maza waɗanda ƙari a cikin jikinsu kawai yake kuma ba za su iya samun prostatectomy ba.
A wasu lokuta, jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa azzakarin farji za a iya samun ceto tare da tiyatar da ke ba da jijiya. Koyaya, wannan bazai yiwu a cikin maza masu manyan ciwace-ciwace ko ciwace ciwan da ke kusa da jijiyoyi ba.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa bayan tiyatar sankara ta prostate sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Rashin ƙarfi.
- Fitsari daga fitsari daga mafitsara ko kuma abin daga dubura.
- Raguwa daga azzakari (santimita 1 zuwa 2). Ba a san ainihin dalilin hakan ba.
- Ingantaccen hernia (bulging na mai ko wani ɓangare na ƙananan hanji ta cikin rauni tsokoki cikin duri). Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Inguinal na iya faruwa sau da yawa a cikin maza waɗanda aka bi da su ta hanyar karuwanci fiye da na maza waɗanda ke da wasu nau'ikan tiyata na prostate, farfajiyar fida, ko kuma kwayar halittar prostate ita kaɗai. Zai yuwu ya faru tsakanin shekaru 2 na farko bayan yaduwar cutar prostatectomy.
Radiation therapy da radiopharmaceutical far
Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'ikan maganin radiation daban-daban:
- Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da wata na'ura a wajen jiki don aika jujjuyawar zuwa jikin jiki da cutar kansa. Conformal radiation wani nau'in magani ne na waje wanda yake amfani da komputa don yin hoto mai girman 3 (3-D) na kumburin kuma yana tsara katangar fitila don dacewa da kumburin. Wannan yana ba da babban adadin radiation don isa ga ƙari kuma yana haifar da ƙananan lalacewa ga ƙoshin lafiya na kusa.
Za'a iya ba da maganin taɓar da ke cikin iska saboda yana da tsarin jituwa mafi dacewa. Hypofractionated radiation therapy shine maganin fuka-fuka wanda ake ba da juz'i mai yawa fiye da yadda aka saba bayarwa sau ɗaya a rana a kan wani gajeren lokaci ('yan kwanaki) idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullum. Magungunan radiation mai ɓarkewa na iya haifar da mummunar illa fiye da daidaitaccen maganin radiation, dangane da jadawalin da aka yi amfani da shi.
- Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji. A farkon-sankarar cutar sankarar mafitsara, ana sanya tsaba mai yaduwa a cikin jijiyar ta amfani da allurai da aka saka ta cikin fata tsakanin majina da dubura. Sanya hotuna masu yaduwa a cikin prostate ana jagoranta su ta hanyar hotuna daga duban dan tayi ta hanyar daukar hoto ko kuma kirdadon hoto (CT). Ana cire allurar bayan an sanya irin ƙwayoyin rediyo a cikin prostate.
- Radiopharmaceutical far yayi amfani da sinadarin rediyo don magance cutar kansa. Radiopharmaceutical far hada da wadannan:
- Magungunan radiation na Alpha emitter yana amfani da sinadarin rediyo don magance cutar kansar mafitsara wacce ta bazu zuwa ƙashi. Wani sinadarin rediyo mai suna radium-223 ana masa allura a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta hanyoyin jini. Radium-223 yana tattarawa a ɓangarorin ƙashi da ciwon daji kuma yana kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.
Hanyar da ake ba da maganin raɗarar ya dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa. Magungunan radiation na waje, maganin cutar cikin gida, da maganin radiopharmaceutical ana amfani dasu don magance cutar ta prostate.
Mazaje da aka yiwa magani ta hanyar jujjuyawar cutar kansar mafitsara suna da haɗarin samun mafitsara da / ko ciwon daji na hanji.
Radiation na radiyo na iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi da matsalolin fitsari wanda zai iya zama mafi muni da tsufa.
Hormone far
Maganin Hormone magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke kawar da homonomi ko toshe aikin su kuma ya hana ƙwayoyin cutar kansa girma. Hormones abubuwa ne da gland ke yi a jiki kuma suna yawo a cikin jini. A cikin cutar sankarar mafitsara, homonin jima'i na maza na iya haifar da ciwon kansar ta prostate. Ana amfani da magunguna, tiyata, ko wasu sinadarai don rage adadin homonin namiji ko toshe su daga aiki. Wannan ana kiranta maganin ɓarkewar asrogen (ADT).
Hormone therapy for prostate cancer na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Abetrate acetate na iya hana ƙwayoyin cutar kanjamau yin androgens. Ana amfani dashi ga maza masu fama da cutar sankarar sankara wanda bai sami nasara ba tare da sauran maganin hormone.
- Orchiectomy hanya ce ta aikin tiyata don cire ƙwaya ɗaya ko duka biyu, babban tushen homon namiji, kamar su testosterone, don rage adadin hormone da ake yi.
- Estrogens (homonin da ke haɓaka halayen jima'i na mata) na iya hana ƙwanƙwasa yin testosterone. Koyaya, ba safai ake amfani da estrogens a yau ba wajen maganin ciwon daji na prostate saboda haɗarin mummunan sakamako.
- Luteinizing hormone-sakewa agonists na iya dakatar da kwayoyi daga yin testosterone. Misalai sune leuprolide, goserelin, da buserelin.
- Antiandrogens na iya toshe aikin androgens (hormones da ke inganta halayen jima'i na maza), kamar su testosterone. Misalan sune flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, da nilutamide.
- Magungunan da zasu iya hana glandon adrenal yin androgens sun hada da ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone, da progesterone.
Haskewar zafi, lalata aikin jima'i, rashin sha'awar jima'i, da kasusuwa ƙasusuwa na iya faruwa ga mazajen da aka bi da maganin hormone. Sauran illolin sun hada da gudawa, jiri, da kaikayi.
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon stan Cutar don ƙarin bayani.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (systemotherapy chemotherapy).
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon stan Cutar don ƙarin bayani.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan maganin kansa shine nau'in ilimin ilimin halittu. Sipuleucel-T wani nau'in rigakafi ne wanda ake amfani dashi don magance cututtukan prostate wanda ya inganta (yadawa zuwa wasu sassan jiki).
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon stan Cutar don ƙarin bayani.
Bisphosphonate far
Magungunan bisphosphonate, kamar su clodronate ko zoledronate, suna rage cutar kashi lokacin da cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa ƙashi. Mazajen da aka kula dasu ta hanyar maganin antiandrogen or orchiectomy suna cikin haɗarin rashin kasusuwa. A cikin waɗannan maza, ƙwayoyin bisphosphonate suna rage haɗarin ɓarkewar kashi (karyewa). Yin amfani da magungunan bisphosphonate don hana ko rage haɓakar ƙashi na metastases ana nazarin cikin gwajin asibiti.
Akwai magunguna don ciwon ƙashi wanda ya haifar da ƙashin ƙashi ko maganin hormone.
Ciwon kansar mafitsara da ya bazu zuwa ƙashi da wasu nau'ikan maganin hormone na iya raunana ƙasusuwa da haifar da ciwon ƙashi. Jiyya don ciwon ƙashi sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Maganin ciwo.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje
- Strontium-89 (na'urar rediyo).
- Anyi niyya tare da antibody na monoclonal, kamar su denosumab.
- Bisphosphonate far.
- Corticosteroids.
Dubi taƙaitaccen akan Ciwo don ƙarin bayani.
Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.
Yin aikin tiyata
Kirkirar tiyata magani ne wanda ke amfani da kayan aiki don daskare da lalata ƙwayoyin kansa na ƙwayar cuta. Ana amfani da duban dan tayi don gano yankin da za a magance shi. Wannan nau'in magani ana kiransa cryotherapy.
Yin tiyatar kirji na iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi da yoyon fitsari daga mafitsara ko kumburin bayan dubura.
Babban ƙarfin-mai da hankali kan duban dan tayi
Babban ƙarfin-mai da hankali kan duban dan tayi magani ne wanda ke amfani da duban dan tayi (raƙuman sauti mai ƙarfi) don lalata ƙwayoyin kansa. Don magance cutar kansar mafitsara, ana amfani da bincike na ƙarshe don yin raƙuman sauti.
Proton katako radiation far
Proton beam radiation therapy wani nau'i ne na ƙarfin kuzari, farfajiyar radiation ta waje wacce ke sa ido ga ciwace-ciwacen da rafukan proton (ƙarami, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin cuta). Wannan nau'ikan maganin raɗaɗɗen raɗaɗɗa ana nazarin shi a cikin maganin cutar sankarar mahaifa.
Photodynamic far
Maganin kansar da ke amfani da magani da wani nau'in hasken laser don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wani magani ne da baya aiki har sai ya bayyana ga haske ana sanya shi a jijiya. Magungunan ƙwayoyi suna tarawa fiye da ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da tubes na Fiberoptic don ɗaukar hasken laser zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa, inda magani ya zama mai aiki kuma ya kashe ƙwayoyin. Photodynamic far yana haifar da damagean lahani ga lafiyayyen nama. Ana amfani dashi galibi don magance ƙari a kan ko kawai ƙarƙashin fata ko a cikin rufin gabobin ciki.
Jiyya don cutar kansar mafitsara na iya haifar da illa.
Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.
Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.
Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.
Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.
Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.
Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.
Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.
Jiyya na Stage I Prostate Cancer
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Ingantaccen magani game da matakin farko na cutar sankarar mafitsara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Jiran jira.
- Kulawa mai aiki. Idan ciwon daji ya fara girma, za'a iya ba da maganin hormone.
- Tsarin prostatectomy mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, yawanci tare da pelvic lymphadenectomy. Za a iya ba da aikin kashe radiyo bayan tiyata.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje Za a iya ba da maganin tazarar bayan an gama amfani da shi ta hanyar radiation.
- Magungunan radiation na ciki tare da ƙwayoyin rediyo.
- Gwajin gwaji na babban-mai-duban duban dan tayi.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin photodynamic.
- Gwajin gwaji game da tiyata.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Jiyya na Ciwon Cutar Sanda na II
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Ingantaccen magani na cutar kanjamau na mataki na II na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Jiran jira.
- Kulawa mai aiki. Idan ciwon daji ya fara girma, za'a iya ba da maganin hormone.
- Tsarin prostatectomy mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, yawanci tare da pelvic lymphadenectomy. Za a iya ba da aikin kashe radiyo bayan tiyata.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje Za a iya ba da maganin tazarar bayan an gama amfani da shi ta hanyar radiation.
- Magungunan radiation na ciki tare da ƙwayoyin rediyo.
- Gwajin gwaji game da tiyata.
- Gwajin gwaji na babban-mai-duban duban dan tayi.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin fitilar katako.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin photodynamic.
- Gwajin gwaji na sababbin nau'ikan magani, kamar su maganin hormone wanda ya biyo baya ta hanyar prostatectomy.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Jiyya na Mataki na III Prostate Cancer
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Ingantaccen magani game da cutar sankarar sankara ta III na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Ragewar radiation ta waje Za a iya ba da maganin tazarar bayan an gama amfani da shi ta hanyar radiation.
- Hormone far. Za a iya ba da maganin kashe radiation bayan farjin hormone.
- Tsarin prostatectomy mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Za a iya ba da aikin kashe radiyo bayan tiyata.
- Jiran jira.
- Kulawa mai aiki. Idan ciwon daji ya fara girma, za'a iya ba da maganin hormone.
Jiyya don sarrafa kansar da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta da rage alamun urinary na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Ragewar radiation ta waje
- Magungunan radiation na ciki tare da ƙwayoyin rediyo.
- Hormone far.
- Raunin transurethral na prostate (TURP).
- Gwajin gwaji na sababbin nau'ikan maganin radiation.
- Gwajin gwaji game da tiyata.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Jiyya na Ciwon daji na Prostate na Stage IV
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Ingantaccen magani na cutar kanjamau na mataki na huɗu na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Hormone far.
- Hormone far hade da chemotherapy.
- Bisphosphonate far.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje Za a iya ba da maganin tazarar bayan an gama amfani da shi ta hanyar radiation.
- Alfa mai yaduwar iska.
- Jiran jira.
- Kulawa mai aiki. Idan ciwon daji ya fara girma, za'a iya ba da maganin hormone.
- Gwajin gwaji na ƙwayar cuta ta prostatectomy tare da orchiectomy.
Jiyya don sarrafa kansar da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta da rage alamun urinary na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Raunin transurethral na prostate (TURP).
- Radiation far.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Jiyya na Maimaitawa ko Ciwon Prowayar Ciwon stwayar Hormone
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Kulawa ta yau da kullun game da cutar kansa ta kanjamau mai saurin komawa ciki ko mai saurin jurewa na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Hormone far.
- Chemotherapy ga marasa lafiya an riga an bi da su tare da maganin hormone.
- Magungunan ilimin halittu tare da sipuleucel-T don marasa lafiya waɗanda tuni an kula dasu tare da maganin hormone.
- Ragewar radiation ta waje
- Prostatectomy ga marasa lafiya an riga an bi da su ta hanyar radiation.
- Alfa mai yaduwar iska.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon daji na Prostate
Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta cerasa game da cutar sankarar jini, duba mai zuwa:
- Shafin Farko na Prostate Cancer
- Prostate Cancer, Gina Jiki, da Abincin Abincin
- Rigakafin Ciwon Kanjamau
- Nunawar Ciwon Kanjamau
- Magunguna da aka Amince da Ciwon Cutar
- Gwajin-Specific Antigen (PSA) Gwaji
- Ciwon Hormone don Ciwon daji na Prostate
- Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ga Maza masu fama da Ciwon daji na Farko
- Yin aikin tiyata a cikin Magungunan Cancer
Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:
- Game da Ciwon daji
- Tsayawa
- Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji
- Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji
- Yin fama da Ciwon daji
- Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji
- Don Tsira da Kulawa
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