Nau'o'in / lymphoma / haƙuri / yaro-nhl-treatment-pdq

Kula da Lymphoma na Non-Hodgkin na Yara (®) –Tsarin Mara lafiya

Janar Bayani Game da Yammacin Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Yarinyar da ba Hodgkin lymphoma wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta (cancer) suke samu a cikin tsarin kwayar halittar.

• Babban nau'in lymphoma shine Hodgkin lymphoma da wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Akwai nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan uku wadanda ba yara ba na Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Balagagge B-sel ba Hodgkin lymphoma

• Kwayar lymphoblastic

• Anaplastic babban cell lymphoma

• Wasu nau'ikan lymphoma ba Hodgkin ba su da yawa a cikin yara.

• Maganin da ya gabata na cutar kansa da kuma rashin karfin garkuwar jiki yana shafar haɗarin samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

• Alamomin cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba ta yarinta sun hada da matsalar numfashi da kumburin lymph node.

• Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar jiki da tsarin lymph don ganowa (gano) da kuma tantance ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

• Ana yin biopsy don tantance ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Yarinyar da ba Hodgkin lymphoma wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta (cancer) suke samu a cikin tsarin kwayar halittar.

Yarinyar da ba Hodgkin lymphoma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke samuwa a cikin tsarin lymph, wanda wani bangare ne na garkuwar jiki. Yana taimakawa kare jiki daga kamuwa da cuta.

Lymph system ya kunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Lymph: Ba shi da launi, ruwa mai ruwa wanda ke bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph kuma yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin T da B. Lymphocytes wani nau'in ƙwayar farin jini ne.

• Magungunan Lymph: Hanyar sadarwar bututu na bakin ciki wanda ke tattara lymph daga sassa daban-daban na jiki kuma ya mayar dashi zuwa hanyoyin jini.

• Magungunan Lymph: Smallananan, sifofi irin na wake waɗanda ke tace lymph da adana farin ƙwayoyin jini waɗanda ke taimakawa yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta. Ana samo ƙwayoyin lymph tare da cibiyar sadarwar lymph ta cikin jiki. Foundungiyoyin lymph nodes ana samun su a cikin wuya, underarm, mediastinum, ciki, ƙashin ƙugu, da kuma makwancin gwaiwa.

• Spleen: Wani sashin jiki ne wanda yake samar da lymphocytes, yana adana jajayen kwayoyin jini da na lymphocytes, yana tace jinin, sannan yana lalata tsoffin kwayoyin jini. Saifa yana gefen hagu na ciki kusa da ciki.

• Thymus: Gabar da T lymphocytes ke girma da ninka a ciki. Thymus yana cikin kirji a bayan kashin ƙirji.

• Tonsils: smallananan ƙwayoyin lymph biyu a bayan makogwaro. Akwai tanji daya a kowane gefen makogwaro.

• Kashin kashin jiki: Theaushi mai taushi, mai soso a tsakiyar wasu kasusuwa, kamar ƙashin ƙugu da ƙashin ƙirji. Ana yin farin ƙwayoyin jini, da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelet a cikin ɓarin kashi.

Anatomy na tsarin lymph, yana nuna tasoshin lymph da gabobin lymph gami da ƙwayoyin lymph, tonsils, thymus, sppleen, da kuma kashin ƙashi. Lymph (ruwa mai tsabta) da lymphocytes suna tafiya ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph kuma zuwa cikin ƙwayoyin lymph inda ƙwayoyin lymphocytes ke lalata abubuwa masu cutarwa. Lymph yana shiga cikin jini ta wata babbar jijiya kusa da zuciya.

Cutar lymphoma da ba ta Hodgkin za ta iya farawa a cikin lymphocytes B, lymphocytes T, ko kuma ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta. Hakanan ana iya samun ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jini kuma su tattara a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, saifa, da thymus.

Hakanan ana samun ƙwayar lymph a wasu sassan jiki kamar ciki, glandar thyroid, kwakwalwa, da fata.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma na iya faruwa a cikin manya da yara. Jiyya ga yara ya bambanta da na manya. Duba taƙaitattun masu zuwa don bayani game da maganin lymphoma ba na Hodgkin a cikin manya:

• Manyan Ba-Hodgkin Lymphoma

• Jiyya na CNS Lymphoma na farko

• Mycosis Fungoides (Ciki har da Cutar Sezary Syndrome)

Babban nau'in lymphoma shine Hodgkin lymphoma da wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma.

Lymphomas ya kasu kashi biyu na gaba daya: Hodgkin lymphoma da wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma. Wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ne game da maganin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba na Hodgkin ba. Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Lymphoma na Yammacin Hodgkin don bayani game da yara lymphoma Hodgkin.

Akwai nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan uku wadanda ba yara ba na Hodgkin lymphoma.

Nau'in ƙwayar lymphoma an ƙaddara ta yadda kwayoyin ke dubawa a ƙarƙashin microscope. Manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan yara wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma sune:

Balagagge B-sel ba Hodgkin lymphoma

Balagen B-cell ba Hodgkin lymphomas ya haɗa da:

• Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia: Burkitt lymphoma da Burkitt leukemia nau'uka daban-daban na cuta iri ɗaya. Burkitt lymphoma / cutar sankarar bargo cuta ce mai saurin saurin girma (saurin girma) ta kwayar B lymphocytes wacce ta fi yawa ga yara da samari. Zai iya zama a cikin ciki, zoben Waldeyer, ƙwaraji, ƙashi, ƙashi, fata, ko tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS). Burkitt leukemia na iya farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph kamar Burkitt lymphoma sannan ya bazu zuwa jini da ƙashin ƙashi, ko kuma yana iya farawa a cikin jini da ƙashin ƙashi ba tare da ya fara zama cikin ƙwayoyin limfon ba.

Dukansu burkitt leukemia da Burkitt lymphoma suna da nasaba da kamuwa da kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV), kodayake kamuwa da cutar EBV na iya faruwa ga marasa lafiya a Afirka fiye da Amurka. Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia ana bincikar su lokacin da aka bincika samfurin nama kuma aka samu wani canji ga kwayar halittar MYC.

• Yada babban kwayar B-cell: Yada babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma shine mafi yawan nau'in nau'in lymphoma ba Hodgkin. Nau'in B-cell ne wanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma wanda ke girma da sauri a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph. Hakanan sau da yawa, hanta, jijiyar ƙashi, ko wasu gabobi suma ana cutar su. Yada babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin samari fiye da yara.

• Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: Wani nau'in lymphoma wanda ke tasowa daga ƙwayoyin B a cikin mediastinum (yankin bayan ƙashin ƙirji). Zai iya yaɗuwa zuwa gaɓoɓin da ke kusa ciki har da huhu da jakar kusa da zuciya. Hakanan yana iya yaduwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph da gabobin nesa ciki har da ƙoda. A cikin yara da matasa, babban kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma tana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin manyan samari.

Kwayar lymphoblastic

Lymphoma Lymphoblastic wani nau'in kwayar cutar lymphoma ce wacce ta fi shafar kwayar T-cell lymphocytes. Yawancin lokaci yakan zama tsari a cikin mediastinum (yankin bayan ƙashin ƙirji). Wannan yana haifar da matsalar numfashi, numfashi, matsalar haɗiye, ko kumburin kai da wuya. Yana iya yaɗuwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, ƙashi, kasusuwan ƙashi, fata, CNS, gabobin ciki, da sauran yankuna. Lymphoma Lymphoblastic yana da yawa kamar cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic (ALL).

Anaplastic babban cell lymphoma

Anaplastic babban cell lymphoma wani nau'i ne na lymphoma wanda yafi shafar T-cell lymphocytes. Yawanci yakan kasance a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, fata, ko ƙashi, wani lokacin kuma yakan samu ne a cikin hanyoyin hanji, huhu, nama wanda ke rufe huhu, da tsoka. Marasa lafiya tare da babban kwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna da mai karɓa, wanda ake kira CD30, a saman ƙwayoyin T ɗin su. A cikin yara da yawa, babban kwayar lymphoma anaplastic ana nuna shi da canje-canje a cikin kwayar ALK wanda ke sanya furotin da ake kira anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Wani ƙwararren masanin binciken cututtukan fata yana bincika waɗannan ƙwayoyin da canjin halittar don taimakawa wajen gano babban ƙwayar kwayar halitta.

Wasu nau'ikan lymphoma ba Hodgkin ba su da yawa a cikin yara.

Wasu nau'ikan yara wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba su da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Nau'in yara-nau'in kwayar cutar kwayar cutar yara : A cikin yara, lymphoma follicular yana faruwa galibi ga maza. Zai fi yiwuwa a same shi a wani yanki kuma ba ya yaduwa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Yawanci yakan kasance a cikin ƙwayoyin hanji da ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuya, amma kuma yana iya samuwa a cikin kwayar cutar, koda, sashin gastrointestinal, da gland na salivary.

• Yankin yankin lymphoma: Yankin lymphoma na yanki na gefe shine nau'in lymphoma wanda ke neman girma da yadawa a hankali kuma galibi ana samun sa a matakin farko. Ana iya samun sa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph ko kuma a wasu yankuna da ke wajen ƙullun lymph. Kwayar lymphoma mai iyaka da aka samu a wajen ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin yara ana kiranta lymphoma ɗin da ke da alaƙa da mucosa (MALT). MALT na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da cutar Helicobacter pylori ta ɓangaren hanji da kuma Chlamydophila psittaci kamuwa da membrane mai haɗin ido wanda ke layin ido.

• Tsarin juyayi na farko (CNS) lymphoma: Primary CNS lymphoma yana da matukar wuya ga yara.

• Kwayar T-cell ta gefe-gefe: lymphoma T-cell na gefe yana da saurin ƙarfi (ba da sauri ba) wanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma wanda ke farawa a cikin manya-manyan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes. Kwayoyin lymphocytes na T sun balaga a cikin gland na thymus kuma suna tafiya zuwa wasu sassan tsarin ƙwayoyin lymph, kamar ƙwayoyin lymph, ƙashin ƙashi, da baƙin ciki.

• Cututtukan T-cell lymphoma: Cututtukan T-cell lymphoma yana farawa a cikin fata kuma zai iya sa fata ta yi kauri ko samar da ƙari. Yana da matukar wuya ga yara, amma ya fi yawa ga matasa da samari. Akwai nau'ikan cutan cututtukan T-cell lymphoma, kamar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka kamar T-cell lymphoma, gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma, da mycosis fungoides. Mycosis fungoides ba safai yake faruwa a cikin yara da matasa ba.

Maganin da ya gabata na cutar kansa da kuma rashin karfin garkuwar jiki yana shafar haɗarin samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

Duk wani abu da zai kara maka hadarin kamuwa da cuta to ana kiran sa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitan ɗanka idan kana tunanin ɗanka na cikin haɗari.

Abubuwan da ke iya haifar da haɗarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Maganin baya don cutar kansa.

• Kasancewa da kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr ko kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV).

• Samun raunin garkuwar jiki bayan dasawa ko daga magunguna da aka bayar bayan dasawa.

• Samun wasu cututtukan da aka gada (kamar su cututtukan nakasa na DNA wadanda suka hada da ataxia-telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, da kuma rashin daidaito na gyaran tsarin mulki).

Idan cutar lymphoma ko lymphoproliferative tana da nasaba da raunin garkuwar jiki daga wasu cututtukan da aka gada, kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, dasawa ko magunguna da aka bayar bayan dasawa, ana kiran yanayin cutar ta lymphoproliferative da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin kariya. Iri daban-daban na cututtukan lymphoproliferative da ke haɗuwa da ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi sun haɗa da:

• Kwayar cututtukan Lymphoproliferative da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin kariya.

• Cutar da ke hade da kwayar cutar ba ta Hodgkin ba.

• Cutar cututtukan lymphoproliferative bayan-dasawa.

Alamomin cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba ta yarinta sun hada da matsalar numfashi da kumburin lymph node.

Wadannan da sauran alamun na iya haifar da kwayar cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ta yara ko ta wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likita idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Rashin numfashi.

• Heeaurawa.

• Tari.

• Breathingaramar numfashi mai ƙarfi.

• Kumburin kai, wuya, jiki na sama, ko hannaye.

• Matsalar haɗiye.

• Swellingwanƙwasa ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuya, maras kyau, ciki, ko makwancin ciki.

• Umpumfari mara zafi ko kumburi a cikin ƙwanjiji.

• Zazzabi ba tare da sananne dalili ba.

• Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.

• Zufar dare.

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar jiki da tsarin lymph don ganowa (gano) da kuma tantance ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:

• Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihi: Jarabawa ce ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.

• Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini: Aikin da ake bincikar samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwa da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan ciki a jiki, gami da wutan lantarki, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid, urea nitrogen (BUN) , creatinine, da ƙimar aikin hanta. Adadin abu na yau da kullun (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na iya zama alamar cuta.

• Gwajin aikin hanta: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwa da hanta ke fitarwa cikin jini. Yawan abu mafi girma fiye da al'ada na iya zama alamar cutar kansa.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.

Utedididdigar hoto (CT) na ciki. Yaron yana kwance a kan tebur wanda yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar daukar hoto na CT, wanda ke ɗaukar hotunan x-ray na cikin ciki.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a jiki kuma tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Wani lokaci ana yin PET scan da CT scan a lokaci guda. Idan akwai wata cutar kansa, wannan yana kara damar samun sa.

Positron watsi tomography (PET) scan. Yaron yana kwance akan tebur wanda yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar daukar hoton PET. Hutun kai da farin madauri suna taimaka wa yaron ya kwanta. Ana shigar da ƙaramin gulukos na rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiyar yaron, kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna nunawa a cikin hoto saboda suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.

• MRI (hoton maganadisu ): Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).

Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI) na ciki. Yaron yana kwance a kan tebur wanda yake zamewa cikin sikanin MRI, wanda ke ɗaukar hotunan cikin jiki. Kushin da ke jikin yaron yana taimaka wajan bayyana hotunan a bayyane.

• Lumbar puncture: Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don tara ruwa mai ruɓar ciki (CSF) daga sashin kashin baya Ana yin wannan ta sanya allura tsakanin ƙasusuwa biyu a cikin kashin baya da kuma cikin CSF a kewayen ƙashin baya da cire samfurin ruwan. Ana bincikar samfurin CSF a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun da ke nuna cewa ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa da laka. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta LP ko taɓar kashin baya.

Lumbar huda Mai haƙuri yana kwance a cikin lankwasawa akan tebur. Bayan an kidaya wani karamin yanki a kasan baya, sai a saka allura ta kashin baya (dogon, siririn sirara) a cikin sashin kasan kashin kashin baya don cire ruwan ciki na kwakwalwa (CSF, wanda aka nuna a shudi). Ana iya aika ruwan zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji.

• Kirjin x-ray: X-ray na gabobin da kasusuwa a cikin kirji. X-ray wani irin katako ne na katako wanda zai iya ratsa jiki zuwa fim, yana yin hoton wurare a cikin jiki.

• Gwajin duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake fitar da igiyar sauti mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen ciki ko gabobin ciki kuma suna yin kuwwa. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya.

Ciki duban dan tayi. Ana tura na'urar canzawar duban dan tayi tare da kwamfuta akan fatar ciki. Mai fassarar yana tallata raƙuman sauti daga gabobin ciki da kyallen takarda don yin amo wanda ya samar da sonogram (hoton kwamfuta).

Ana yin biopsy don tantance ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

Ana cire kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda a yayin nazarin halittu don haka ana iya kallon su ta karkashin wani madubin likita daga likitan kwalliya don duba alamun kansar. Saboda magani ya dogara da nau'in lymphoma ba Hodgkin, yakamata likitan da ke da ƙwarewa ya binciko samfuran biopsy wanda ba shi Hodgkin lymphoma.

Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan biopsies na iya yi:

• Excisional biopsy: Cire dukkan kumburin lymph ko dunƙule ɗin nama.

• Gwajin halittar jiki: Cire wani yanki na dunkule, kumburin lymph, ko samfurin nama.

• Core biopsy: Cire tsoka ko wani ɓangare na kumburin lymph ta amfani da babban allura.

• Kwayar fata mai kyau (FNA) biopsy: Cire nama ko wani ɓangare na kumburin lymph ta amfani da bakin ciki.

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don cire samfurin nama ya dogara da inda ƙari yake a cikin jiki:

• Burin kasusuwan kasusuwa da biopsy: Cire kasusuwan kasusuwa da karamin guntun kashi ta hanyar sanya allura mara kyau a cikin kashin hanji ko kashin mama.

Burin kasusuwa da biopsy. Bayan an lasafta wani karamin yanki na fata, sai a saka allurar kasusuwa ta kashin a cikin kashin cincin yaron. Ana cire samfurorin jini, kashi, da kashin nama don bincike a karkashin wani madubin likita.

• Mediastinoscopy: Hanyar tiyata ce don duban gabobi, kyallen takarda, da ƙwayoyin lymph tsakanin huhu don yankunan da ba na al'ada ba. An sanya wani yanki (a yanka) a saman kashin mama kuma an saka medastinoscope a cikin kirjin. Mediaastinoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana da kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama ko lymph node samfurori, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar.

• Anastastinotomy na gaba: Hanyar tiyata ce don duba gabobi da kyallen takarda tsakanin huhu da tsakanin ƙashin ƙirji da zuciya don yankunan da ba na al'ada ba. Ana yin yanki (yanka) kusa da kashin ƙirjin kuma an saka medastinoscope a cikin kirji. Mediaastinoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana da kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama ko lymph node samfurori, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar. Wannan ana kiransa aikin Chamberlain.

• Thoracentesis: Cire ruwa daga sarari tsakanin murfin kirji da huhu, ta amfani da allura. Wani masanin ilimin ɗan adam ya kalli ruwan a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa.

Idan an sami kansar, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don nazarin ƙwayoyin kansar:

• Immunohistochemistry: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke amfani da kwayoyin cuta don bincika wasu antigens (alamomi) a cikin samfurin jikin mai haƙuri. Magungunan rigakafi yawanci suna da alaƙa da enzyme ko fenti mai kyalli. Bayan kwayoyin sun kunshi wani takamaiman antigen a cikin samfurin, sai a kunna enzyme ko rini, sannan za a iya ganin antigen a karkashin wani madubin likita. Ana amfani da irin wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen gano kansar da kuma taimakawa gaya ga wani nau'in cutar kansa daga wani nau'in cutar kansa.

• Gudun cytometry: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke auna yawan kwayoyin halitta a cikin samfurin, yawan kwayoyin rai a cikin samfurin, da wasu halaye na kwayoyin, kamar girman su, sifar su, da kuma kasancewar ciwace ciwace ciwace (ko wasu) Tantanin tantanin halitta Kwayoyin daga samfurin jinin mai haƙuri, kashin ƙashi, ko wasu kayan suna da datti tare da fenti mai kyalli, sanya shi a cikin ruwa, sannan a wuce ɗaya bayan ɗaya ta hanyar hasken haske. Sakamakon gwajin ya ta'allaka ne akan yadda ƙwayoyin da aka lalata tare da fenti mai kyalli ke amsa ga katangar haske. Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen ganowa da kuma sarrafa wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, kamar cutar sankarar bargo da cutar lymphoma.

• Nazarin Cytogenetic: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda aka kirga chromosomes na kwayoyi a cikin samfurin jini ko jiji da kashi don bincika kowane canje-canje, kamar karye, ɓacewa, sake gyarawa, ko ƙarin ƙwanƙwanni. Canje-canje a cikin wasu chromosomes na iya zama alamar cutar kansa. Ana amfani da nazarin Cytogenetic don taimakawa gano cutar kansa, shirya magani, ko gano yadda magani ke aiki.

• KIFI (haske a cikin yanayin haɗuwa): Gwajin gwaje-gwaje da ake amfani dashi don kallo da ƙididdigar kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda. Ana yin sassan DNA wanda ke ɗauke da launuka masu kyalli a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma an ƙara su zuwa samfurin ƙwayoyin marasa lafiya ko kyallen takarda. Lokacin da wadannan sassan jikin DNA din da aka rina suka hade da wasu kwayoyin halittu ko bangarorin chromosomes a cikin samfurin, suna haskakawa idan aka kalleshi a karkashin madubin hangen nesa. Ana amfani da gwajin FISH don taimakawa wajen gano kansar da kuma taimakawa shirya magani.

• Immunophenotyping: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke amfani da kwayoyin cuta don gano kwayoyin cutar kansar dangane da nau'ikan antigens ko alamomi a saman sel. Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen tantance takamaiman nau'in lymphoma.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da:

• Nau'in lymphoma.

• Inda ƙari yake a jiki lokacin da aka gano kumburin.

• Matakin ciwon daji.

• Ko akwai wasu canje-canje a cikin chromosomes.

• Nau'in maganin farko.

• Ko lymphoma ya amsa maganin farko.

• Mai haƙuri da shekaru da kuma general kiwon lafiya.

Matakai na Nonananan yara wadanda ba Hodgkin Lymphoma

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Bayan an binciko lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba ta yara, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko kwayoyin cutar kansa sun bazu cikin tsarin kwayar halitta ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

• Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymphoma ba na Hodgkin ba:

• Mataki Na

• Mataki na II

• Mataki na III

• Mataki na IV

Bayan an binciko lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba ta yara, ana yin gwaje-gwaje don gano ko kwayoyin cutar kansa sun bazu cikin tsarin kwayar halitta ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar kansa ta bazu cikin tsarin kwayar halitta ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani dasu don bincikar cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba don ɗaukar hoto Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don ƙayyade matakin:

• Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano shi.

Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:

• Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymphoma ba na Hodgkin ba:

Mataki Na

Mataki na yara ba na Hodgkin lymphoma ba. Ana samun ciwon daji a cikin rukuni na lymph nodes ko wani yanki a waje da ƙwayoyin lymph, amma ba a sami ciwon daji a ciki ko mediastinum (yankin tsakanin huhu).

A cikin Mataki na yara wanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma, ana samun kansar:

• a cikin rukuni ɗaya na ƙwayoyin lymph; ko

• a wani yanki a waje da ƙwayoyin lymph.

Babu cutar kansa a cikin ciki ko mediastinum (yanki tsakanin huhu).

Mataki na II

Mataki na II yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma. Ana samun ciwon daji a yanki ɗaya a waje da ƙwayoyin lymph da kuma a kusa da lymph nodes (a); ko a yankuna biyu ko fiye a sama (b) ko ƙasa (c) diaphragm; ko ciwon daji ya fara a ciki, ƙari, ko hanji (d) kuma ana iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata.

A cikin Mataki na II na yara wanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma, ana samun cutar kansa:

• a cikin yanki ɗaya a waje da ƙwayoyin lymph kuma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph masu kusa; ko

• a cikin yankuna biyu ko fiye da haka ko dai a sama ko ƙasa da diaphragm, kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa; ko

• don farawa a ciki ko hanji kuma ana iya cire shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa.

Mataki na III

Mataki na III yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma. Ana samun ciwon daji aƙalla yanki ɗaya a sama da ƙasa da diaphragm (a); ko ciwon daji ya fara a kirji (b); ko ciwon daji ya fara a cikin ciki kuma ya bazu ko'ina cikin ciki (c); ko a yankin da ke kusa da kashin baya (ba a nuna ba).

A cikin mataki na III yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma, ana samun kansar:

• aƙalla yanki guda a sama da diaphragm kuma aƙalla yanki guda ƙasa da diaphragm; ko

• sun fara a kirji; ko

• don farawa a cikin ciki kuma yada cikin cikin ciki; ko

• a cikin yankin da kewayen kashin baya.

Mataki na IV

Mataki na IV yara ba na Hodgkin lymphoma. Ana samun kansar a cikin kashin ƙashi, kwakwalwa, ko kuma ruɓaɓɓiyar ruwa (CSF). Hakanan za'a iya samun ciwon daji a wasu sassan jiki.

A cikin mataki na huɗu na ƙananan yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba, ana samun ciwon daji a cikin ɓacin kashi, kwakwalwa, ko kuma ruwa mai ruɓuwa. Hakanan za'a iya samun ciwon daji a wasu sassan jiki.

Childhoodananan yara na yara wadanda ba Hodgkin Lymphoma

Maimaita cutar yara ba ta Hodgkin lymphoma ita ce cutar sankara wacce ta sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an warke ta. Yaran da ba Hodgkin lymphoma na iya dawowa cikin tsarin kwayar halitta ko kuma a wasu sassan jiki.

Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban na yara masu fama da cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba.

• Yaran da ke da cutar lymphoma ba Hodgkin ya kamata ƙungiyar likitoci waɗanda suka kware a kan magance kansar yara.

• Jiyya don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

• Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation far

• -Aramin magani mai ƙarfi tare da dasawar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta

• Ciwon da aka yi niyya

• Sauran maganin magani

• Phototherapy

• Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

• Immunotherapy

• Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

• Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

• Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban na yara masu fama da cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban wa yara masu fama da cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani.

Shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi ga dukkan yara waɗanda ke da ƙwayar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.

Yaran da ke da cutar lymphoma ba Hodgkin ya kamata ƙungiyar likitoci waɗanda suka kware a kan magance kansar yara.

Jiyya za ta kula da likitan ilimin likitan yara, likita wanda ya kware kan kula da yara masu cutar kansa. Masanin ilimin likitancin yara yana aiki tare da wasu masu ba da kiwon lafiya waɗanda ƙwararru ne wajen kula da yara tare da non-Hodgkin lymphoma kuma waɗanda suka kware a wasu fannonin magani. Wadannan na iya hada da kwararru masu zuwa:

• Likitan yara.

• Radiation oncologist

• Kwararren likitan yara.

• Likitan likitan yara.

• Kwararren likitan yara.

• Gwanayen gyarawa.

• Masanin ilimin psychologist.

• Ma'aikacin zamantakewa.

Jiyya don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

don bayani game da illolin da ke farawa yayin jiyya don cutar kansa, duba shafin Gurbinmu.

Hanyoyi masu illa daga maganin ciwon daji wanda zai fara bayan jiyya kuma ya ci gaba tsawon watanni ko shekaru ana kiransa sakamako na ƙarshe. Sakamakon sakamako na maganin kansa na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Matsalolin jiki.

• Canje-canje a cikin yanayi, ji, tunani, ilmantarwa, ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

• Cancer na biyu (sababbin nau'ikan cutar kansa).

Wasu maganganun ƙarshen ana iya magance su ko sarrafa su. Yana da mahimmanci a yi magana da likitocin ɗanka game da illar da cutar kansa za ta iya yi wa ɗanka. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan ƙarshen tasirin Jiyya don Ciwon Childhoodan yara don ƙarin bayani.)

Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (systemotherapy chemotherapy). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki (intrathecal chemotherapy), wani sashin jiki, ko rami na jiki kamar ciki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa a waɗannan yankuna. Haɗuwa da cutar sankara ta hanyar magani ta amfani da magunguna biyu ko sama da haka.

Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa.

Intrathecal chemotherapy za a iya amfani dashi don magance ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymphoma ba Hodgkin wanda ya yada, ko kuma ya yada, zuwa kwakwalwa. Idan aka yi amfani da shi don rage damar da kansa zai yada zuwa kwakwalwa, ana kiranta prophylaxis na CNS. Intrathecal chemotherapy ana ba shi ƙari ga chemotherapy ta bakin ko jijiya. Hakanan ana iya amfani da mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba amfani da shi a matsayin maganin cutar ta CNS.

Intrathecal chemotherapy. Magungunan anticancer ana allurarsu a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda shine sararin da ke riƙe da ruwan sanyin jiki (CSF, wanda aka nuna a shuɗi). Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu don yin wannan. Wata hanya, da aka nuna a saman ɓangaren adadi, ita ce a yi amfani da allurar ƙwayoyin a cikin wani tafki na Ommaya (akwati mai kama da dome wanda aka sanya shi a ƙarƙashin fatar kan mutum yayin aikin tiyata; yana riƙe da magungunan yayin da suke shiga ta cikin ƙaramin bututu zuwa cikin kwakwalwa ). Wata hanyar, wanda aka nuna a cikin ɓangaren ƙasa na adadi, shine a yi allurar ƙwayoyi kai tsaye zuwa CSF a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kashin baya, bayan an lasafta wani ƙaramin yanki a ƙasan baya.

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Lymphoma ba Hodgkin don ƙarin bayani.

Radiation far

Radiation therapy wani magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:

• Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa.

• Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.

Hanyar da ake ba da maganin taɗɗar ƙwayar cuta ya dogara da nau'in maganin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin ba. Za'a iya amfani da maganin radiation na waje don magance ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymphoma waɗanda ba Hodgkin ba wanda ya bazu, ko kuma yaɗu, zuwa kwakwalwa da laka. Ba a amfani da maganin radiation na cikin gida don magance lymphoma ba Hodgkin ba.

-Aramin magani mai ƙarfi tare da dasawar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta

Ana ba da magungunan allura don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin lafiya, gami da ƙwayoyin halitta masu jini, suma ana lalata su ta hanyar maganin kansa. Dasawar sel shine magani don maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta. Ana cire ƙwayoyin sari (ƙwayoyin jinin da basu balaga ba) daga cikin jinin ko ƙashin ƙashin mara lafiya ko mai bayarwa kuma ana daskarar dasu ana adana su. Bayan mai haƙuri ya gama shan magani, sai a narke ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka adana kuma a mayar da su ga mai haƙuri ta hanyar jiko. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin magungunan za a ɗibar

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Lymphoma ba Hodgkin don ƙarin bayani.

Dasawar dasa kara (Mataki na 1): Ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya a hannun mai bayarwa. Mai haƙuri ko wani mutum na iya zama mai ba da gudummawa. Jinin yana gudana ta cikin injin da ke cire ƙwayoyin sel. Sannan jinin yana dawowa ga mai bayarwa ta wata jijiya a daya hannun. (Mataki 2): Mai haƙuri yana karɓar magani don kashe ƙwayoyin halitta. Mai haƙuri na iya karɓar maganin radiation (ba a nuna ba). (Mataki na 3): Mai haƙuri yana karɓar ƙwayoyin sel ta hanyar catheter da aka sanya a cikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin kirji.

Ciwon da aka yi niyya

Targeted therapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don ganowa da afkawa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ba tare da cutar ƙwayoyin halitta ba. Kwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, da immunotoxins nau'ikan magani uku ne wadanda ake amfani da su ko kuma ake nazari a kansu game da cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba.

Magungunan antibody na Monoclonal magani ne na ciwon daji wanda ke amfani da kwayar cutar da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje daga nau'in kwayar halitta guda ɗaya. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta na jikin mutum na iya gano abubuwan da ke jikin kwayoyin cutar kansar ko kuma wasu abubuwa na yau da kullun wadanda zasu iya taimakawa kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin rigakafin suna haɗuwa da abubuwan kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, toshe haɓakar su, ko kiyaye su daga yaɗuwa. Ana ba da ƙwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal ta hanyar jiko. Ana iya amfani da su su kaɗai ko ɗaukar ƙwayoyi, gubobi, ko kayan aikin rediyo kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa.

• Ana amfani da Rituximab don magance nau'ikan yara da yawa wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Ana amfani da Pembrolizumab don magance babban kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma wacce ba ta amsa magani ba ko ta sake dawowa (dawowa) bayan jiyya tare da sauran maganin. Jiyya tare da pembrolizumab yawanci ana nazarin shi a cikin manya.

• Brentuximab vedotin wani maganin rigakafi ne wanda aka hada shi tare da wani magani wanda ake amfani da shi don magance babban kwayar cutar lymphoma.

Wani antibody wanda yake dauke da sinadarai mai cike da sinadarai ya kunshi abubuwa guda biyu wadanda suke da alaka da abubuwa biyu kuma suke kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana amfani da maganin antibody na Bispecific monoclonal wajen kula da Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia da kuma yaɗa manyan ƙwayoyin B-cell lymphoma.

Tyrosine kinase hanawa (TKIs) toshe sigina cewa ciwace-ciwace na buƙatar girma. Wasu TKI kuma suna kiyaye ciwace ciwace ta hanyar hana ci gaban sabbin hanyoyin jini zuwa ciwan. Sauran nau'o'in masu hana kinase, kamar su crizotinib, ana nazarin su ne don ƙananan yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma ba.

Immunotoxins na iya ɗaure wa kwayoyin cutar kansa kuma su kashe su. Denileukin diftitox shine immunotoxin da ake amfani dashi don magance cututtukan T-cell lymphoma.

Ana nazarin ilimin da aka yi niyya don kula da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo).

Duba Magungunan da aka Amince da Lymphoma ba Hodgkin don ƙarin bayani.

Sauran maganin magani

Retinoids sune magunguna masu alaƙa da bitamin A. Ana amfani da maganin retinoid tare da bexarotene don magance nau'ikan cututtukan T-cell lymphoma.

Steroids shine homonin da aka yi dashi cikin jiki. Hakanan za'a iya yin su a dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma amfani dasu azaman magunguna. Ana amfani da cututtukan steroid don magance cututtukan T-cell lymphoma.

Phototherapy

Phototherapy magani ne na ciwon daji wanda ke amfani da magani da wani nau'in hasken laser don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wani magani ne da baya aiki har sai ya bayyana ga haske ana sanya shi a jijiya. Magungunan ƙwayoyi suna tarawa fiye da ƙwayoyin cuta. Don ciwon daji na fata a cikin fata, hasken laser yana haskakawa akan fata kuma maganin yana aiki kuma yana kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana amfani da Phototherapy wajen maganin cututtukan T-cell lymphoma.

Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko biologic therapy.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - takamaiman cytotoxic T-lymphocytes wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda zai iya kashe wasu ƙwayoyin, ciki har da ƙwayoyin ƙasashen waje, ƙwayoyin kansa, da ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da EBV. Ana iya raba T-lymphocytes na Cytotoxic daga wasu ƙwayoyin jini, a girma a dakin gwaje-gwaje, sannan a bai wa mai haƙuri ya kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. EBV takamaiman cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ana nazarin su don magance cututtukan lymphoproliferative bayan-dashi.

Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.

Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.

Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.

Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.

Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ɗanku ya canza ko kuma idan ciwon daji ya sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Nonananan yara na Lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin ba

A Wannan Sashin

• Burkitt da Burkitt-kamar lymphoma / cutar sankarar bargo

• Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon binciken Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maimaita Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia

• Yada babban kwayar B-cell

• Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon binciken da aka bazu ya yaɗa babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maimaita yaɗa babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma

• Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma

• Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon kwayar cutar kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don mahimmancin matsakaicin matsakaici na kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma

• Lymphoma na Lymphoblastik

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon lymphoma lymphoblastic da aka gano

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayar lymphoblastic na yau da kullun

• Babban Kwayar Lymphoma

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon kwayar cutar lymphoma mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don haɓakar babban ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta

• Cutar Lymphoproliferative wacce ke da alaƙa da Imarancin Yara a Yara

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan lymphoproliferative da ke haɗuwa da ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don lymphoma ba na Hodgkin da ke haɗuwa da ɓarkewar nakasar DNA ba

• Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan ƙwayar lymphoproliferative bayan-dashi

• Rare NHL da ke faruwa a Yara

• Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don yara-nau'in kwayar cuta irin na yara

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan yankin lymphoma

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayoyin cuta na CNS na farko

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayar lymphoma T-cell

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan T-cell lymphoma

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Burkitt da Burkitt-kamar lymphoma / cutar sankarar bargo

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon binciken Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon binciken Burkitt da Burkitt-kamar lymphoma / cutar sankarar bargo na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire mafi yawan kumburi kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan haɗuwa da ƙwayar cuta.

• Haɗakar chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da niyya far (rituximab).

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maimaita Burkitt da Burkitt-like lymphoma / leukemia

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maimaita Burkitt da Burkitt-kamar wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma / leukemia na iya haɗawa da:

• Haɗakar chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da niyya far (rituximab).

• Chemwararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayoyin jikin mai haƙuri ko sel daga mai bayarwa.

• Anyi niyya tare da wani abu mai mahimmanci.

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Yada babban kwayar B-cell

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon binciken da aka bazu ya yaɗa babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon bincikar yaduwar babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire mafi yawan kumburi kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan haɗuwa da ƙwayar cuta.

• Haɗakar chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da niyya far (rituximab).

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maimaita yaɗa babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sake yaɗa babban B-cell lymphoma na iya haɗawa da:

• Haɗakar chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da niyya far (rituximab).

• Chemwararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayoyin jikin mai haƙuri ko sel daga mai bayarwa.

• Anyi niyya tare da wani abu mai mahimmanci.

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon kwayar cutar kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don sabon kwayar cutar kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma na iya haɗawa da:

• Haɗakar chemotherapy da farfado da niyya (rituximab).

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don mahimmancin matsakaicin matsakaici na kwayar cutar B-cell lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na B-cell lymphoma na iya haɗawa da:

• Maƙasudin farfadowa (pembrolizumab).

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Lymphoma na Lymphoblastik

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon lymphoma lymphoblastic da aka gano

Ana iya rarraba ƙwayar lymphoblastic lymphoma a matsayin cuta guda ɗaya kamar cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic (ALL). Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don lymphoma lymphoblastic na iya haɗawa da:

• Hade chemotherapy. Hakanan za'a iya ba da maganin CNS tare da maganin raɗaɗi idan ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa cikin kwakwalwa ko laka.

• Gwajin gwaji na kimiyyar magani tare da tsari daban-daban don maganin CNS.

• Gwajin gwaji na hade hadewar magani tare da ko ba tare da niyya farfadowa ba (bortezomib).

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayar lymphoblastic na yau da kullun

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayar lymphoblastic na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy.

• Dosewararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayoyin daga mai bayarwa.

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Babban Kwayar Lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don sabon kwayar cutar lymphoma mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don babban kwayar cutar ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙwayoyi na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin aikin tiyata sannan haɗuwa da cutar sankara.

• Hade chemotherapy.

• Intrathecal da tsarin chemotherapy, ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka.

• Gwajin gwaji na maganin warkewa (crizotinib ko brentuximab) da haɗakar cutar sankara.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don haɓakar babban ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don babban kwayar lymphoma mai cike da anaplastic na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy, brentuximab, da / ko crizotinib.

• Dasawar sel mai tushe tare da kwayoyin kansa ko kuma kwayoyin daga mai bayarwa.

• Radiation radiation ko chemotherapy mai girma don marasa lafiya wanda cutar ta ci gaba zuwa tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.

• Gwajin gwaji na maganin warkewa (crizotinib ko brentuximab) da haɗakar cutar sankara.

• Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Cutar Lymphoproliferative wacce ke da alaƙa da Imarancin Yara a Yara

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan lymphoproliferative da ke haɗuwa da ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan lymphoproliferative a cikin yara da matasa tare da raunana tsarin rigakafi na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da rituximab ba.

• Dasawar ƙwayar kara da ƙwayoyin halitta daga mai bayarwa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don lymphoma ba na Hodgkin da ke haɗuwa da ɓarkewar nakasar DNA ba

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don lymphoma ba na Hodgkin da ke haɗuwa da ɓarkewar nakasa ta DNA cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy.

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don cutar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba

Jiyya tare da yin aiki sosai na maganin cutar kanjamau ko HAART (haɗakar magungunan antiretroviral) yana rage haɗarin cutar lymphoma ba Hodgkin a cikin marasa lafiyar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV).

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da rituximab ba.

Don maganin cututtuka na maimaitawa, zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da nau'in lymphoma ba Hodgkin.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan ƙwayar lymphoproliferative bayan-dashi

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan ƙwayar lymphoproliferative na bayan-ɗari na iya haɗawa da:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari. Idan za ta yiwu, za a iya ba da ƙananan allurai na rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi bayan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko dasa kayan aiki.

• Target ɗin da aka yi niyya (rituximab).

• Chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da farfadowa ba (rituximab).

• Ana nazarin magani na rigakafin rigakafi ta amfani da lymphocytes mai bayarwa ko kuma ƙwayoyin T na masu haƙuri don ƙaddamar da kamuwa da cutar Epstein-Barr. Ana samun wannan maganin ne kawai a wasu cibiyoyi a Amurka.

Rare NHL da ke faruwa a Yara

Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya don yara-nau'in kwayar cuta irin na yara

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don lymphoma follicular a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Tiyata.

• Haɗakar chemotherapy tare ko ba tare da rituximab ba.

Ga yara waɗanda cutar kansa ke da wasu canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar, magani yana kama da wanda aka ba manya da folmpular lymphoma. Duba sashin layi na follicular Lymphoma a cikin taƙaitawa akan Manyan Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma don bayani.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan yankin lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan yankin lymphoma (ciki har da ƙwayar lymphoid mai hade da mucosa) (MALT) lymphoma) a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Tiyata.

• Radiation far.

• Rituximab tare da ko ba tare da chemotherapy ba.

• Magungunan rigakafi, don cutar lymphoma ta MALT.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayoyin cuta na CNS na farko

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na CNS a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwayar lymphoma T-cell

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan ƙwayoyin T-cell lymphoma a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy.

• Radiation far.

• Dasawar sel mai tushe tare da kwayoyin kansa ko kuma kwayoyin daga mai bayarwa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan T-cell lymphoma

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙananan cututtukan cututtukan fata-kamar cututtukan T-cell lymphoma a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Jiran jira.

• Magungunan steroid masu yawa.

• Maƙasudin farfadowa (denileukin diftitox).

• Hade chemotherapy.

• Rage farfadowa

• Dasawar dasa kara

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da:

• Yin aikin tiyata, maganin fure, ko duka biyun.

A cikin yara, zaɓuɓɓukan magani don fungoides na mycosis na iya haɗawa da:

• Steroids da aka shafa a fata.

• Rage farfadowa

• Radiation far.

• Phototherapy (hasken haske ta amfani da ultraviolet B radiation).

Don Moreara Koyo Game da mpananan yara na Lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin ba

Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta aboutasa game da ƙananan yara waɗanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma, duba waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Tomography Tomography (CT) Scans da Ciwon daji

• An Amince da Magunguna don Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

• Tattara Kwayoyin Halitta mai Yin jini

• Magungunan Ciwon Cutar da Aka Yi niyya

Don ƙarin bayani game da cutar sankarar yara da sauran albarkatun kansar gaba ɗaya, duba masu zuwa:

• Game da Ciwon daji

• Ciwon Yara

• Binciken Cure don Ciwon Childrenan yara

• Matsayi na Late na Jiyya don Ciwon Yara

• Matasa da Samari da Ciwon daji

• Yara da Ciwon daji: Jagora ga Iyaye

• Ciwon daji a cikin Yara da Matasa

• Tsayawa

• Yin fama da Ciwon daji

• Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji

• Don Tsira da Kulawa