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Treatmentananan Magungunan Ciwon Cutar Sanda (®) –Patient Version

Janar Bayani Game da Canananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Canceraramar ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamala (kansa) ke kamawa a cikin ƙwayoyin huhu.

• Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na ƙananan kansar huhu.

• Shan sigari shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da cutar kansar huhu.

• Alamomi da alamomin karamin kansar huhu na kwayar halitta sun hada da tari, numfashi, da kuma ciwon kirji.

• Gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake bincika huhu ana amfani dasu don gano (gano), gano asali, da kuma matakin ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

• Ga yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu, jiyya na yanzu ba su warkar da ciwon kansa.

Canceraramar ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamala (kansa) ke kamawa a cikin ƙwayoyin huhu.

Huhu wasu gabobi ne masu kamannin numfashi wanda ake samu a kirji. Huhu suna kawo oxygen a jiki lokacin da kake numfashi kuma suna fitar da carbon dioxide lokacin da kake fitar da iska. Kowane huhu yana da sassan da ake kira lobes. Hagu na hagu yana da lobes biyu. Hannun dama, wanda ya fi girma girma, yana da uku. Wani bakin ciki membrane da ake kira pleura yana kewaye huhu. Bututu biyu da ake kira gubar bronchi daga bututun iska (ƙirar iska) zuwa huhun dama da hagu. Bronchi wani lokacin kuma yana fama da cutar kansa ta huhu. Tubananan bututu da ake kira bronchioles da ƙananan jakar iskar da ake kira alveoli sune suke cikin cikin huhun.

Anatomy na tsarin numfashi, wanda ke nuna bututun iska da huhu duka da ƙwayoyinsu da hanyoyin iska. Hakanan ana nuna naman alade da diaphragm. Oxygen yana shiga cikin huhu kuma yana bi ta cikin sifofin membob na alveoli kuma zuwa cikin jini (duba shigar).

Akwai nau'ikan cutar sankara huhu biyu: ƙananan kansar huhu da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ne game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu da magani. Duba takaitattun masu zuwa don ƙarin bayani game da cutar sankarar huhu:

• Maganin Ciwon Cutar Sanda Na Smallananan

• Cancers na Musamman na Kula da Yara

• Rigakafin Cutar Canji

• Nuna Ciwon daji na huhu

Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na ƙananan kansar huhu.

Wadannan nau'ikan guda biyu sun hada da nau'ikan sel daban-daban. Kwayoyin cutar kansa na kowane nau'i suna girma kuma suna yaɗuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Nau'ikan ƙananan kansar huhu na huhu suna ne saboda nau'ikan ƙwayoyin da ake samu a cikin ciwon daji da kuma yadda ƙwayoyin suke kama yayin da ake dubasu a cikin microscope:

• Cinaramin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (oat cell cancer).

• Hada kananan kwayar sankarau.

Shan sigari shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da cutar kansar huhu.

Duk wani abu da zai kara muku damar kamuwa da cuta to ana kiransa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya fuskantar haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu.

Hanyoyin haɗari ga ciwon huhu na huhu sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Shan sigari, bututu, ko sigari, yanzu ko a baya. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin haɗarin cutar kansa. A farkon rayuwa mutum ya fara shan sigari, galibi mutum yana shan sigari, kuma yawan shekarun da mutum ya sha, mafi girman haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu.

• Kasancewa da hayaki mai hayaki.

• Kasancewa da asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, ko tar a wurin aiki.

• Kasancewa da radiation daga ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Radiation na jinji zuwa nono ko kirji.

• Radon a cikin gida ko wurin aiki.

• Gwajin hoto kamar su CT scans.

• Atomic bam radiation.

• Zama inda akwai gurbatacciyar iska.

• Samun tarihin iyali na cutar sankarar huhu.

• Kasancewa tare da kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV).

• Shan abubuwan karin carotene da kasancewa mai shan sigari mai nauyi.

Yawan tsufa shine babban haɗarin haɗari ga yawancin cutar kansa. Samun damar kamuwa da cutar kansa yana ƙaruwa yayin da kuka tsufa.

Lokacin da aka haɗu da shan sigari tare da wasu abubuwan haɗari, haɗarin cutar sankarar huhu yana ƙaruwa.

Alamomi da alamomin karamin kansar huhu na kwayar halitta sun hada da tari, numfashi, da kuma ciwon kirji.

Waɗannan da sauran alamomi da alamun cutar na iya haifar da ƙananan kansar huhu na kwayar halitta ko wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Ciwan kirji ko ciwo.

• Tari wanda ba ya tafiya ko ya daɗa muni a tsawon lokaci.

• Rashin numfashi.

• Heeaurawa.

• Jini a cikin sputum (majina ya tari daga huhu).

• Rashin tsufa.

• Matsalar haɗiye.

• Rashin ci.

• Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.

• Jin kasala sosai.

• Kumburi a fuska da / ko jijiyoyin wuya.

Gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake bincika huhu ana amfani dasu don gano (gano), gano asali, da kuma matakin ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu.

Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:

• Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihi: Jarabawa ce ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin halayen lafiyar marasa lafiya, gami da shan sigari, da ayyukan da suka gabata, cututtuka, da magunguna.

• Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje: Hanyoyin magani da ke gwada samfuran nama, jini, fitsari, ko wasu abubuwa a cikin jiki. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna taimakawa wajen gano cutar, shiryawa da duba magani, ko sa ido kan cutar a kan lokaci.

• Kirjin x-ray: X-ray na gabobin da kasusuwa a cikin kirji. X-ray wani irin katako ne na katako wanda zai iya ratsa jiki zuwa fim, yana yin hoton wurare a cikin jiki.

X-ray na kirji. Ana amfani da X-ray don daukar hotunan gabobi da kasusuwan kirji. X-ray ta wuce cikin mai haƙuri akan fim.

• CT scan (CAT scan) na kwakwalwa, kirji, da ciki: Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna daki-daki na wurare a cikin jiki, an ɗauke su daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.

• Sputum cytology: Ana amfani da madubin likita don bincikar kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin sputum (an ji majina tari daga huhu).

• Biopsy: Cirewar ƙwayoyin halitta ko kyallen takarda don a iya kallon su ta hanyar microscope ta hanyar masanin ilimin ɗan adam don bincika alamun kansar. Hanyoyi daban-daban da za'a iya yin biopsy sun hada da masu zuwa:

• Fatar-allura mai kyau (FNA) biopsy na huhu: Cire nama ko ruwa daga huhun, ta amfani da siririn sifa. Ana amfani da sikan CT, duban dan tayi, ko wasu hanyoyin daukar hoto don nemo mahaukacin mahaifa ko ruwa a cikin huhu. Mayila ana iya yin ƙaramin ƙarami a cikin fata inda aka saka allurar biopsy a cikin ƙwayar mahaukaci ko ruwa. Ana cire samfurin tare da allurar kuma a aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wani masanin ilimin cututtuka sannan ya kalli samfurin a ƙarƙashin microscope don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana yin x-ray a kirji bayan aikin don tabbatar da cewa babu iska mai malalo daga huhu zuwa kirjin.

Kwayar halittar fata mai kyau ta huhu. Mai haƙuri yana kwance a kan teburin da yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar sarrafa hoto (CT), wanda ke ɗaukar hotunan x-ray na cikin jiki. Hotunan x-ray suna taimaka wa likita ganin inda ƙwayoyin cuta mara kyau a cikin huhu. An saka allurar biopsy ta bangon kirji da cikin yankin ƙwayar huhu mara kyau. Ana cire ƙaramin nama ta allurar kuma a bincika ta microscope don alamun kansar.

• Bronchoscopy: Hanya ce don duba cikin bututun iska da manyan hanyoyin iska a cikin huhu don yankuna masu haɗari. Ana saka broncoscope ta hanci ko baki a cikin bututun iska da huhu. Bronchoscope abu ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.

Bronchoscopy. Ana saka maganin tabo na fata (bronchoscope) ta bakin, trachea, da kuma manyan mashin a cikin huhu, don neman wuraren da ba na al'ada ba. Bronchoscope abu ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aikin yankan. Mayila za a iya ɗaukar samfurin nama don a duba su a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don alamun cuta.

• Thoracoscopy: Aikin tiyata ne don duba gabobin da ke cikin kirji don bincika wuraren da ba na al'ada ba. An sanya yanki (yanke) tsakanin haƙarƙari biyu, kuma an saka kirjin kirji a kirji. A thoracoscope abu ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran samfuran kwayayen lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar. A wasu lokuta, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don cire wani ɓangaren esophagus ko huhu. Idan ba za'a iya kaiwa wasu kayan kyallen takarda ba, gabobin jiki, ko kuma lymph, ana iya yin thoracotomy. A wannan tsarin, ana yin babban ragi tsakanin haƙarƙarin kuma an buɗe kirji.

• Thoracentesis: Cire ruwa daga sarari tsakanin murfin kirji da huhu, ta amfani da allura. Wani masanin ilimin ɗan adam ya kalli ruwan a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa.

• Mediastinoscopy: Hanyar tiyata ce don duban gabobi, kyallen takarda, da ƙwayoyin lymph tsakanin huhu don yankunan da ba na al'ada ba. An sanya wani yanki (a yanka) a saman kashin mama kuma an saka medastinoscope a cikin kirjin. Mediaastinoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran samfuran kwayayen lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar.

• Haske da microscopy na lantarki: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ake kallon kwayoyi a cikin samfurin nama a karkashin na'uran microscopes na yau da kullun don neman wasu canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin.

• Immunohistochemistry: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke amfani da kwayoyin cuta don bincika wasu antigens (alamomi) a cikin samfurin jikin mai haƙuri. Magungunan rigakafi yawanci suna da alaƙa da enzyme ko fenti mai kyalli. Bayan kwayoyin sun kunshi wani takamaiman antigen a cikin samfurin, sai a kunna enzyme ko rini, sannan za a iya ganin antigen a karkashin wani madubin likita. Ana amfani da irin wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen gano kansar da kuma taimakawa gaya ga wani nau'in cutar kansa daga wani nau'in cutar kansa.

Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Halin hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara da masu zuwa:

• Matakin ciwon daji (shin yana cikin ramin kirji kawai ko kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki).

• Mai haƙuri da shekaru, jinsi, da kuma kiwon lafiya.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, hangen nesa kuma ya dogara ne akan ko ana kula da mai haƙuri tare da magungunan ƙwayar cuta da radiation.

Ga yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu, jiyya na yanzu ba su warkar da ciwon kansa.

Idan aka gano kansar huhu, marasa lafiya suyi tunani game da shiga cikin ɗayan gwajin gwaji da yawa da ake yi don inganta magani. Gwajin gwaji na gudana a mafi yawan sassan ƙasar don marasa lafiya da duk matakan ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu. Ana samun bayani game da gwajin gwaji na ci gaba daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Matakai na Smallananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Bayan an bincikar kansar huhu ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana yin gwaji don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu a cikin kirji ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

• Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

• Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu:

• Cerananan ageananan Cutar Ciwon Sanda

• Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Cellananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

Bayan an bincikar kansar huhu ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana yin gwaji don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu a cikin kirji ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar daji ta bazu cikin kirji ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani. Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su wajen tantance kananan cututtukan daji na kwayar cutar kuma ana amfani da su ne wajen gabatar da cutar. (Duba Babban Bayanin Sashe.)

Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da za'a iya amfani dasu a cikin tsarin ɗaukar hoto sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• MRI (hoton maganadisu na kwakwalwa) na kwakwalwa: Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce wacce ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, kirji ko ciki na sama, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a jiki kuma tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Ana iya yin hoton PET da CT a lokaci guda. Ana kiran wannan PET-CT.

• Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano shi.

Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:

• Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.

• Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.

• Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.

Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan karamin kansar huhu ya yada zuwa kwakwalwa, kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin kwakwalwa haƙiƙa ƙwayoyin kansar huhu ne. Cutar ita ce ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu, ba kansar kwakwalwa ba.

Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu:

Cerananan ageananan Cutar Ciwon Sanda

A iyakantaccen mataki, ciwon daji yana cikin huhu inda ya fara kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa yankin tsakanin huhun ko zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph da ke sama da ƙwanƙwasa.

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Cellananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

A cikin mataki mai yawa, ciwon daji ya bazu fiye da huhu ko yanki tsakanin huhu ko ƙwayar lymph da ke sama da ƙwanƙwasa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki.

Maimaita Smallananan Lwayar Ciwon ungara

Sake dawo da karamin kwayar cutar sankarar huhu shine cutar sankara wacce ta sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an warke ta. Ciwon kansa na iya dawowa a cikin kirji, da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, ko kuma a wasu sassan jiki.

Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu.

• Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

• Tiyata

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation far

• Immunotherapy

• Laser far

• Endoscopic stent jeri

• Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

• Jiyya don ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

• Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

• Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

• Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙananan ƙwayar cutar huhu.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.

Ana amfani da nau'i shida na daidaitaccen magani:

Tiyata

Ana iya amfani da tiyata idan aka sami kansar a huhu ɗaya kuma cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa kawai. Saboda yawanci ana samun irin wannan sankarar huhu a huhun biyu, ba a yawan amfani da tiyata kadai. Yayin aikin tiyata, likita zai kuma cire lymph nodes don gano ko suna da cutar kansa a cikinsu. Wani lokaci, ana iya amfani da tiyata don cire samfurin ƙwayoyin huhu don gano ainihin nau'in ciwon huhu na huhu.

Bayan likita ya cire dukkan cutar daji da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyatar, wasu marasa lafiya za a iya ba su maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ko kuma maganin furewa bayan tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka rage. Maganin da ake bayarwa bayan tiyatar, don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa zai dawo, ana kiran sa adjuvant therapy.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (systemotherapy chemotherapy). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki, gaɓoɓi, ko rami na jiki kamar ciki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa ne a waɗancan yankuna. Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa.

Duba Magungunan da Aka Amince dasu don Canaramin Ciwon ungaramar ƙwayar forara don ƙarin bayani.

Radiation far

Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:

• Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa.

• Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.

Hanyar da ake ba da maganin raɗarar ya dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa. Ana amfani da maganin radiation na waje don magance ƙananan ciwon huhu na huhu, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe alamun bayyanar da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa. Hakanan za'a iya ba da hasken fitila ga kwakwalwa don rage haɗarin da cutar kansa zata yada zuwa cikin kwakwalwa.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko biologic therapy.

Maganin hana hana shiga rigakafi wani nau'in rigakafi ne na rigakafi:

• Maganin hana shiga ciki na kariya: Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin rigakafi, kamar su kwayoyin T, da wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da wasu sunadarai, wadanda ake kira sunadarin shinge, a saman su wanda ke kiyaye amsoshin rigakafin a duba. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin daji ke da yawancin waɗannan sunadaran, ƙwayoyin T ba za su auka musu ba. Masu hana abubuwan hana ruwa kariya suna toshe wadannan sunadaran kuma karfin kwayar T don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa ya karu. Ana amfani dasu don magance wasu marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu.

Akwai nau'ikan maganin hana hana ruwa guda biyu na kariya:

• Mai hana CTLA-4: CTLA-4 furotin ne akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da ba da kariya ga jiki. Lokacin da CTLA-4 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira B7 akan kwayar cutar kansa, yana dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana CTLA-4 sun haɗa zuwa CTLA-4 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ipilimumab wani nau'in mai hana CTLA-4 ne.

Mai hana shigowar shinge Abubuwan bincike, kamar B7-1 / B7-2 akan ƙwayoyin gabatarwa na antigen (APC) da CTLA-4 akan ƙwayoyin T, suna taimakawa kiyaye maganganun garkuwar jiki a cikin bincike. Lokacin da mai karɓar T-cell (TCR) ke ɗaure ga antigen da kuma manyan sunadarai masu rikitarwa na tarihi (MHC) akan APC da CD28 suna ɗaure zuwa B7-1 / B7-2 akan APC, ana iya kunna T cell. Koyaya, ɗaura B7-1 / B7-2 zuwa CTLA-4 yana riƙe da ƙwayoyin T a cikin yanayin aiki saboda haka basu sami ikon kashe ƙwayoyin ƙari a cikin jiki (ɓangaren hagu). Katange ɗaurin B7-1 / B7-2 zuwa CTLA-4 tare da mai hana kariya na kariya (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin T suyi aiki kuma su kashe ƙwayoyin tumo (ɓangaren dama).

• Mai hana PD-1: PD-1 furotin ne akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da ba da kariya ga jiki. Lokacin da PD-1 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira PDL-1 akan kwayar sankara, yakan dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana PD-1 sun haɗa zuwa PDL-1 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Pembrolizumab da nivolumab iri ne na masu hana PD-1.

Mai hana shigowar shinge Binciken sunadarai, kamar PD-L1 akan ƙwayoyin tumo da PD-1 akan ƙwayoyin T, suna taimakawa kiyaye maganganun rigakafi a cikin bincike. Ofaurin PD-L1 zuwa PD-1 yana kiyaye ƙwayoyin T daga kashe ƙwayoyin tumo a jiki (ɓangaren hagu). Katange ɗaurin PD-L1 zuwa PD-1 tare da mai hana kariya na kariya (anti-PD-L1 ko anti-PD-1) yana ba wa ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin tumor (ɓangaren dama)

Duba Magungunan da Aka Amince dasu don Canaramin Ciwon ungaramar ƙwayar forara don ƙarin bayani.

Laser far

Maganin Laser magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da katako mai haske (ƙarancin haske mai ƙarfi) don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.

Endoscopic stent jeri

Osarshen endoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu wanda ake amfani dashi don kallon kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Abun hangen nesa yana da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo kuma ana iya amfani dashi don sanya sandar a cikin tsarin jiki don buɗe tsarin a buɗe. Za'a iya amfani da sandar endoscopic don buɗe hanyar iska wacce tsoffin mahaukata suka toshe.

Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Jiyya don ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa. Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.

Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.

Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.

Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.

Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.

Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ta Mataki

A Wannan Sashin

• Cerananan ageananan Cutar Ciwon Sanda

• Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Cellananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Cerananan ageananan Cutar Ciwon Sanda

Kula da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Hade chemotherapy da radiation far zuwa kirji. Daga baya za'a iya ba wa marasa lafiya cikakken amsawa ta hanyar radiation.

• Hade chemotherapy kadai ga marasa lafiya wanda ba za a iya bai wa radiation far.

• Yin aikin tiyata ya biyo baya ta chemotherapy.

• Yin aikin tiyata da ke bi da chemotherapy da raɗaɗɗen radiation.

• Za'a iya ba da jinƙai ga kwakwalwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sami cikakken amsa, don hana yaɗuwar cutar kansa zuwa cikin kwakwalwa.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon ilimin kimiya, tiyata, da kuma maganin raɗaɗɗu.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Cellananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyi

Jiyya na ƙaramin matakin ƙananan ƙwayar huhu na huhu na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Hade chemotherapy.

• Radiation na kwantar da hankali ga kwakwalwa, kashin baya, ƙashi, ko wasu sassan jiki inda cutar kansa ta bazu, a matsayin maganin kwantar da hankali don sauƙaƙe alamomin da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

• Za'a iya ba da ƙwayar radiation zuwa kirji ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka amsa cutar sankara.

• Za'a iya ba da jinƙai ga kwakwalwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sami cikakken amsa, don hana yaɗuwar cutar kansa zuwa cikin kwakwalwa.
• Gwajin gwaji na sababbin jiyya tare da chemotherapy ko immunotherapy tare da masu hana kariya.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Ciwon ungaramar Cellaramar Ciwon ungaramar Ruwa

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Jiyya na ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar huhu na huhu na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy.

• Immunotherapy tare da masu hana kariya.

• Radiation therapy as palliative far don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

• Maganin Laser, sanya matsakaici don buɗe hanyoyin iska, da / ko farfadowa na cikin gida azaman maganin kwantar da hankula don magance alamomi da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

• Gwajin gwaji na sababbin maganin jiyya.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Don Moreara Koyo Game da Canananan Ciwon Cutar Sanyin Ciki

Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta cerasa game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu, duba mai zuwa:

• Shafin Farko na Ciwon Cutar Huhu

• Rigakafin Cutar Canji

• Nuna Ciwon daji na huhu

• An Amince da Magunguna don Ciwon ungan Cutar Canji

• Taba (ya haɗa da taimako tare da barin)

• Shan Sigari: Haɗarin Lafiya da Yadda za a Daina

• Shan taba sigari da Ciwon kansa

Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:

• Game da Ciwon daji

• Tsayawa

• Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji

• Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji

• Yin fama da Ciwon daji

• Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji

• Don Tsira da Kulawa