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Abubuwan da ke ciki
Maganin Cancer na Oropharyngeal (Babba) (®) -Bayan haƙuri
Janar Bayani Game da Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Oropharyngeal cancer wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta suke fitowa a cikin jijiyoyin oropharynx.
- Shan sigari ko kamuwa da cutar papillomavirus (HPV) na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa ta oropharyngeal.
- Alamomi da alamomin cutar kansar oropharyngeal sun hada da dunkulewar wuya da wuyan wuya.
- Gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar baki da maqogwaro ana amfani da su don taimakawa wajen ganowa da kuma magance kansar oropharyngeal.
- Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Oropharyngeal cancer wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta suke fitowa a cikin jijiyoyin oropharynx.
Oropharynx shine tsakiyar ɓangaren pharynx (maƙogwaro), a bayan bakin. Pharynx bututun bututu ne wanda yakai inci 5 wanda yake farawa a bayan hanci ya ƙare inda trachea (windpipe) da esophagus (bututu daga makogwaro zuwa ciki) suka fara. Iska da abinci suna wucewa ta cikin firam a kan hanyar zuwa trachea ko esophagus.
Harshen oropharynx ya hada da masu zuwa:
- Taushi mai laushi.
- Gefen gefen da baya na maƙogwaro.
- Tonsil.
- Baya kashi ɗaya cikin uku na harshe.
Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal wani nau'in ciwon kansa ne da wuya. Wani lokaci fiye da ɗaya ciwon daji na iya faruwa a cikin oropharynx da kuma a wasu sassan ɓangaren bakin, hanci, pharynx, maƙogwaro (akwatin murya), trachea, ko esophagus a lokaci guda.
Yawancin cututtukan oropharyngeal sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Kwayoyin squamous su ne sirara, madaidaitan ƙwayoyin halitta da ke rufe cikin oropharynx.
Duba taƙaitawar mai zuwa don ƙarin bayani game da wasu nau'ikan cututtukan kansa da wuya:
- Hypopharyngeal Cancer Jiyya (Adult)
- Lebe da Jijiyoyin Ciwon Cancer (Adult)
- Caoƙarin Oral, Pharyngeal, da Rigakafin Cutar Laryngeal
- Caoƙarin Oral, Pharyngeal, da Laryngeal Cancer Screening
Shan sigari ko kamuwa da cutar papillomavirus (HPV) na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa ta oropharyngeal.
Duk wani abu da zai kara maka hadarin kamuwa da cuta to ana kiran sa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya fuskantar haɗari.
Abubuwa masu haɗari na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na oropharyngeal sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tarihin shan sigari fiye da shekaru fakiti 10 da sauran amfani da taba.
- Yin kamuwa da cutar papillomavirus ta mutum (HPV), musamman nau'in HPV 16. Yawan adadin cututtukan oropharyngeal da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da HPV na ƙaruwa.
- Tarihin mutum na kansar kai da wuya.
- Yin amfani da giya mai yawa.
- Tauna betel quid, abin da ake yawan amfani dashi a sassan Asiya.
Alamomi da alamomin cutar kansar oropharyngeal sun hada da dunkulewar wuya da wuyan wuya.
Wadannan da sauran alamu da alamomin na iya haifar da cutar sankalar oropharyngeal ko kuma ta wasu yanayi. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Ciwon makogoro wanda baya tafiya.
- Matsalar haɗiye.
- Bude baki sosai.
- Matsalar motsa harshe.
- Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
- Ciwon kunne.
- Wani dunkule a bayan bakin, makogwaro, ko wuya.
- Wani farin faci a kan harshe ko rufin bakin da ba zai tafi ba.
- Tari da jini.
Wani lokaci ciwon daji na oropharyngeal baya haifar da alamun farko ko alamomi.
Gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar baki da maqogwaro ana amfani da su don taimakawa wajen ganowa da kuma magance kansar oropharyngeal.
Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:
- Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihin lafiya: Jarabawa ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburin lymph nodes a cikin wuya ko wani abin da kamar baƙon abu. Likitan likita ko likitan hakori yayi cikakken nazarin bakin da wuya kuma ya duba ƙarƙashin harshen da ƙasan maƙogwaro tare da ƙaramin madubi mai dogon hannu don bincika yankuna mara kyau. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.
- Nazarin ilimin lissafi: Jerin tambayoyi da gwaje-gwaje don bincika kwakwalwa, laka, da aikin jijiya. Jarabawar tana bincikar halin tunanin mutum, daidaituwarsa, da ikon yin tafiya yadda ya kamata, da kuma yadda ƙarfin jijiyoyi, hankula, da abubuwan da suke nunawa ke aiki. Hakanan ana iya kiransa gwajin neuro ko gwajin neurologic.
- PET-CT scan: Hanya ce wacce ta haɗu da hotuna daga sifar fitar sinadarin positron (PET) da kuma hoton da aka ƙididdiga (CT). Ana yin sikanin PET da CT a lokaci guda tare da inji ɗaya. Scididdigar hotunan yana ba da cikakkun hotuna na wurare a cikin jiki fiye da kowane hoto da yake bayarwa da kansa. Ana iya amfani da hoton PET-CT don taimakawa wajen gano cutar, kamar su cutar kansa, shirya magani, ko gano yadda magani ke aiki.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, kamar kai, wuya, kirji, da kuma kumburin lymph, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Allurar fenti a jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gaɓoɓi ko ƙwayoyin jiki su bayyana karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.
- PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a jiki kuma tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.
- MRI (hoton maganadisu ): Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).
- Biopsy: Cirewar ƙwayoyin halitta ko kyallen takarda don a iya kallon su ta hanyar microscope ta hanyar masanin ilimin ɗan adam don bincika alamun kansar. Kwayar halitta mai kyau-allura yawanci ana yin ta don cire samfurin nama ta amfani da ƙaramin allura.
- Ana iya amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don cire samfuran ƙwayoyin halitta ko nama:
- Endoscopy: Hanya ce don duba gabobi da kyallen takarda a cikin jiki don bincika yankuna marasa haɗari. An saka endoscope ta hanyar ragi (yankewa) a cikin fata ko buɗewa a cikin jiki, kamar bakin ko hanci. Ganin ƙarshen abu mai nauyi ne, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire ƙwayoyin cuta mara kyau ko samfuran lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cuta. Za a duba hanci, makogwaro, bayan harshe, majina, ciki, makoshi, makoshin iska, da manyan hanyoyin iska. Nau'in endoscopy an sa masa suna don ɓangaren jikin da ake bincika. Misali, pharyngoscopy jarrabawa ce don bincika fatar.
- Laryngoscopy: Hanya ce wacce likita ke duba maƙogwaro (akwatin murya) tare da madubi ko laryngoscope don bincika wuraren da ba na al'ada ba. A laryngoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallon cikin maƙogwaro da akwatin murya. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.
- Idan an sami kansar, ana iya yin gwaji mai zuwa don nazarin ƙwayoyin kansa:
- Gwajin HPV (gwajin mutum papillomavirus): Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje da ake amfani da su don bincika samfurin nama don wasu nau'ikan kamuwa da cutar ta HPV, kamar su HPV na 16. Ana yin wannan gwajin ne saboda ana iya kamuwa da cutar oropharyngeal ta hanyar cutar ta HPV. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda cutar ta HPV-tabbatacciya mai cutar magana tana da kyakkyawan hangen nesa kuma ana kula dashi daban da cutar ta HPV-mummunan oropharyngeal.
Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Hangen nesa ya dogara da masu zuwa:
- Ko mai haƙuri yana da cutar ta HPV na oropharynx.
- Ko mai haƙuri yana da tarihin shan sigari tsawon shekaru goma ko sama da haka.
- Matakin ciwon daji.
- Adadin da kuma girman kwayar lymph tare da cutar kansa.
Ciwon cututtukan Oropharyngeal da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da cutar ta HPV suna da kyakkyawar magana kuma ba su da saurin dawowa fiye da ƙari wanda ba shi da alaƙa da cutar ta HPV.
Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya sun dogara da masu zuwa:
- Matakin ciwon daji.
- Tsayawa ikon mai haƙuri magana da haɗiye kamar yadda ya kamata.
- Babban lafiyar mai haƙuri.
Marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal suna da haɗarin kamuwa da wata cutar kansa a kai ko wuya. Wannan haɗarin ya karu ne ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke ci gaba da shan sigari ko shan giya bayan jiyya.
Duba taƙaitaccen Shan Sigari: Haɗarin Lafiya da Yadda Ake Cire don ƙarin bayani.
Matakan Cancer na Oropharyngeal
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Bayan an binciki kansar oropharyngeal, ana yin gwaji don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu a cikin oropharynx ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
- Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
- Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar ta HPV-tabbataccen cutar oropharyngeal:
- Mataki Na
- Mataki na II
- Mataki na III
- Mataki na IV
- Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar ta HPV-mummunan cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal:
- Mataki na 0 (Carcinoma a cikin Situ)
- Mataki Na
- Mataki na II
- Mataki na III
- Mataki na IV
Bayan an binciki kansar oropharyngeal, ana yin gwaji don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu a cikin oropharynx ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar kansa ta bazu a cikin oropharynx ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don shirya magani. Sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su wajen gano cutar sankarar oropharyngeal galibi ana amfani da su ne wajen sanya cutar.
Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:
- Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan kansar oropharyngeal ta bazu zuwa huhu, ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin huhun ainihin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ne. Cutar ita ce cututtukan cututtukan maganganu, ba na huhu ba.
Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar ta HPV-tabbataccen cutar oropharyngeal:
Mataki Na
A mataki na 1, ɗayan masu zuwa gaskiya ne:
- Lymph nodes daya ko fiye da ke da cutar kansa ta HPV p16-tabbatacce ana samunsa amma ba a san wurin da cutar ta fara ba. Lymph nodes tare da ciwon daji sun kasance santimita 6 ko karami, a gefe ɗaya na wuyansa; ko
- ana samun ciwon daji a cikin oropharynx (maƙogwaro) kuma ƙari shine santimita 4 ko ƙarami. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke santimita 6 ko mafi ƙanƙanta, a gefen gefen wuyan kamar farkon ciwon daji.
Mataki na II
A cikin mataki na II, ɗayan masu zuwa gaskiya ne:
- Lymph nodes daya ko fiye da ke da cutar kansa ta HPV p16-tabbatacce ana samunsa amma ba a san wurin da cutar ta fara ba. Lymph nodes tare da ciwon daji sun kasance santimita 6 ko karami, a ɗaya ko duka gefen wuyan; ko
- ƙari shine santimita 4 ko karami. Ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke santimita 6 ko mafi ƙanƙanta, a gefen kishiyar wuyansa azaman ciwon daji na farko ko a gaɓoɓin wuyansa biyu; ko
- ƙari ya fi santimita 4 girma ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa saman epiglottis (ɓangaren da ke rufe trachea yayin haɗiyewa). Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suke santimita 6 ko ƙarami, ko'ina a cikin wuya.
Mataki na III
A mataki na III, ɗayan masu zuwa gaskiya ne:
- ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa maƙogwaro (akwatin murya), ɓangaren gaban rufin bakin, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, tsokoki masu motsa harshe, ko zuwa wasu sassan kai ko wuya. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes a cikin wuyansa; ko
- kumburin kowane nau'i ne kuma mai yiwuwa cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa maƙogwaro, ɓangaren gaban rufin bakin, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, tsokoki masu motsa harshe, ko zuwa wasu sassan kai ko wuya. Ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da santimita 6, ko'ina a cikin wuya.
Mataki na IV
A mataki na hudu, cutar daji ta bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko ƙashi.
Ana amfani da matakai masu zuwa don cutar ta HPV-mummunan cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal:
Mataki na 0 (Carcinoma a cikin Situ)
A mataki na 0, ana samun ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau a cikin rufin oropharynx (maƙogwaro). Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun na iya zama cutar kansa kuma su bazu cikin nama na yau da kullun. Har ila yau ana kiran mataki na 0 carcinoma a cikin wuri.
Mataki Na
A mataki na I, ciwon daji ya samo asali. Ciwan shine santimita 2 ko karami.
Mataki na II
A mataki na II, ƙari ya fi santimita 2 amma bai fi santimita 4 girma ba.
Mataki na III
A mataki na III, cutar kansa:
- ya fi girman santimita 4 ko kuma ya bazu zuwa saman epiglottis (murfin da ke rufe trachea yayin haɗiyewa); ko
- kowane irin girma ne. Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa kumburin lymf ɗaya wanda yakai santimita 3 ko ƙarami, a gefe ɗaya na wuyan kamar farkon ciwon daji.
Mataki na IV
Matsayi na IV ya kasu kashi-kashi IVA, IVB, da IVC.
- A cikin mataki na IVA, ciwon daji:
- ya bazu zuwa maƙogwaro (akwatin murya), ɓangaren gaban rufin bakin, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, ko tsokoki masu motsa harshe. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa kumburin lymf guda ɗaya wanda yakai santimita 3 ko ƙarami, a gefe ɗaya na wuyan kamar farkon ciwon daji; ko
- kowane nau'i ne kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa saman epiglottis, maƙogwaro, ɓangaren gaban rufin bakin, ƙananan muƙamuƙi, ko tsokoki masu motsa harshe. Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Lymph node daya wanda ya fi santimita 3 amma bai fi santimita 6 girma ba, a gefe ɗaya na wuyan kamar farkon ciwon tumbi; ko
- Lymph node fiye da ɗaya santimita 6 ko ƙarami, ko'ina a cikin wuya.
- A cikin mataki na IVB, ciwon daji:
- ya bazu zuwa ga jijiyar da ke motsa ƙananan muƙamuƙi, ƙashin da ke haɗe da tsoka wanda ke motsa ƙananan muƙamuƙin, tushen ƙwanƙwasa, ko zuwa yankin bayan hanci ko kusa da jijiyar carotid. Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa lymph nodes a cikin wuyansa; ko
- na iya zama kowane girman kuma yana iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan kai ko wuya. Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa kumburin lymph wanda ya fi girma fiye da santimita 6 ko kuma ya bazu ta cikin murfin ƙullin waje a cikin kayan haɗin mahaɗin kusa.
- A matakin IVC, cutar daji ta bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar huhu, hanta, ko ƙashi.
Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar oropharyngeal.
- Marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal ya kamata ƙungiyar likitoci da ke da ƙwarewa wajen tsara maganin su tare da kula da kansar kai da wuyansa.
- Ana amfani da nau'i hudu na daidaitaccen magani:
- Tiyata
- Radiation far
- Chemotherapy
- Ciwon da aka yi niyya
- Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
- Immunotherapy
- Jiyya don cutar sankarar fata na iya haifar da illa.
- Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
- Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
- Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar oropharyngeal.
Akwai nau'o'in magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar oropharyngeal. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.
Marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal ya kamata ƙungiyar likitoci da ke da ƙwarewa wajen tsara maganin su tare da kula da kansar kai da wuyansa.
Magungunan marasa lafiyar za su kula da likitan ilimin likita, likita wanda ya kware wajen kula da mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa. Saboda oropharynx yana taimakawa wajen numfashi, cin abinci, da kuma magana, marasa lafiya na iya buƙatar taimako na musamman don daidaitawa zuwa tasirin cutar kansa da magani. Masanin ilimin likita na likita na iya tura mai haƙuri zuwa wasu ƙwararrun likitocin tare da horo na musamman game da kula da marasa lafiya da keɓaɓɓen kansa da wuya. Wadannan na iya hada da kwararru masu zuwa:
- Likitan kai da wuya.
- Radiation oncologist
- Likita mai filastik.
- Likitan hakora
- Mai cin abinci.
- Masanin ilimin psychologist.
- Gwanayen gyarawa.
- Maganganun magana.
Ana amfani da nau'i hudu na daidaitaccen magani:
Tiyata
Yin aikin tiyata (cire kansar a cikin aiki) magani ne na yau da kullun ga dukkan matakan cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal. Likita zai iya cire kansa da wasu ƙoshin lafiyayyun ƙwayoyin cuta kusa da cutar kansa. Bayan da likitan ya cire duk cutar daji da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyatar, wasu marasa lafiya za a iya ba da magani na chemotherapy ko radiation bayan aikin tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka rage. Maganin da ake bayarwa bayan tiyatar, don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa zai dawo, ana kiran sa adjuvant therapy.
Sabbin nau'ikan tiyata, gami da tiyatar mutum-mutumi na transoral, ana nazarinsu don maganin cutar sankarau. Za a iya amfani da tiyatar mutum-mutumi ta Transoral don cire kansa daga yankunan da ke wahalar isa-bakin da ma wuya. Kyamarorin da ke haɗe da mutum-mutumi suna ba da hoto mai girman 3 (3D) wanda likitan likita zai iya gani. Amfani da kwamfuta, likitan likita yana jagorantar ƙananan ƙananan kayan aiki a ƙarshen hannayen mutum-mutumi don cire kansa. Hakanan ana iya yin wannan aikin ta amfani da ƙarancin gilashi.
Radiation far
Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da wata na'ura a wajen jiki don aika jujjuyawar zuwa jikin jiki da cutar kansa.
Wasu hanyoyi na ba da maganin fitila na iya taimakawa kiyaye radiation daga lalata lafiyar nama mai kusa. Wadannan nau'ikan maganin radiation sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Radiationarfin ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi (IMRT): IMRT wani nau'i ne na maganin fitilar 3-girma (3-D) wanda ke amfani da kwamfuta don yin hotunan girman da siffar kumburin. Beananan bakin katako na iska mai ƙarfi daban-daban (ƙarfi) ana nufin kumburin daga kusurwa da yawa.
- Magungunan radiation na jiki na Stereotactic: Raunin raunin jikin mutum shine nau'in maganin radiation na waje. Ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don sanya mai haƙuri a wuri ɗaya don kowane maganin radiation. Sau ɗaya a rana don kwanaki da yawa, injin radiation yana nufin ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake amfani da radiation kai tsaye a ƙari. Ta hanyar sanya mai haƙuri a cikin matsayi ɗaya don kowane magani, akwai ƙaramin lalacewa ga nama mai lafiya kusa. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta kwayar cututtukan steraotactic na waje-katako na radiation da kuma kula da hasken stereotaxic.
A cikin ciwon sankarar jiki mai ci gaba, rarraba rawanin kwayar cutar yau da kullun cikin ƙananan magunguna na inganta hanyar da kumburin ya ba da magani. Wannan shi ake kira hyperfractionated radiation therapy.
Radiation na iya aiki mafi kyau a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda suka daina shan sigari kafin fara magani.
Idan thyroid ko gland shine yake wani ɓangare na yankin maganin radiation, mai haƙuri yana da haɗarin hypothyroidism (ƙaramin hawan karoid). Gwajin jini don bincika matakin hormone na jikin ku a cikin jiki ya kamata a yi kafin da bayan magani.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (systemotherapy chemotherapy).
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon kai da wuyansu don ƙarin bayani. (Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal wani nau'in ciwon kansa ne da wuya.)
Ciwon da aka yi niyya
Farfaɗɗen farfajiya wani nau'in magani ne wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyi ko wasu abubuwa don afkawa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Ieswararrun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yawanci suna haifar da toarancin cutarwa ga kwayoyin al'ada fiye da chemotherapy ko maganin radiation. Kwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal wani nau'in magani ne da ake niyya wanda ake amfani dashi wajen magance cutar sankarar bashin oropharyngeal.
Magungunan antibody na Monoclonal magani ne na ciwon daji wanda ke amfani da kwayar cutar da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje daga nau'in kwayar halitta guda ɗaya. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta na jikin mutum na iya gano abubuwan da ke jikin kwayoyin cutar kansar ko abubuwa na yau da kullun a cikin jini ko kyallen takarda wanda ke iya taimaka wa kwayoyin cutar kansa girma. Kwayoyin rigakafin suna haɗuwa da abubuwan kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, toshe haɓakar su, ko kiyaye su daga yaɗuwa. Ana ba da ƙwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal ta hanyar jiko. Ana iya amfani da su su kaɗai ko ɗaukar ƙwayoyi, gubobi, ko kayan aikin rediyo kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa.
Cetuximab wani nau'in kwayar cutar monoclonal ne wanda ke aiki ta hanyar ɗaura zuwa furotin akan saman ƙwayoyin kansa kuma yana dakatar da ƙwayoyin daga girma da rarrabawa. Ana amfani dashi don kula da ciwon daji na yau da kullun.
Duba Magungunan da aka Amince dasu don Ciwon kai da wuyansu don ƙarin bayani. (Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal wani nau'in ciwon kansa ne da wuya.)
Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa.
Masu hana PD-1 nau'ikan rigakafin rigakafi ne wanda ake kira rigakafi mai hana kariya. PD-1 shine furotin akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye amsoshin garkuwar jiki cikin bincike. Lokacin da PD-1 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira PDL-1 akan kwayar sankara, yakan dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana PD-1 sun haɗa zuwa PDL-1 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.
Pembrolizumab da nivolumab nau'ikan nau'ikan masu hana PD-1 ne waɗanda ake nazarin su a cikin maganin sankarar oropharnygeal.
Jiyya don cutar sankarar fata na iya haifar da illa.
Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.
Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.
Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.
Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.
Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.
Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.
Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.
Bayan magani, yana da muhimmanci a yi gwajin kai da wuya a hankali don neman alamun cewa kansar ta dawo. Za a yi duba-bincike kowane mako 6 zuwa 12 a shekara ta farko, kowane wata 3 a shekara ta biyu, kowane wata 3 zuwa 4 a shekara ta uku, kuma duk bayan wata 6 bayan haka.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ta Mataki
A Wannan Sashin
- Stage I da Stage II Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal
- Mataki na III da Stage IV Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal
- Ciwon Magungunan Magungunan Metropatic da Maimaitawa
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Stage I da Stage II Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal
Jiyya na sabon matakin da aka binciki shi da kuma mataki na II na ciwon sankara na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Radiation far.
- Tiyata.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Mataki na III da Stage IV Ciwon daji na Oropharyngeal
Jiyya na sabon cutar da aka gano a mataki na uku da cutar kansa ta huɗu na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon daji na cikin gida, tiyatar da ta biyo baya ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana. Hakanan za'a iya ba Chemotherapy a lokaci guda tare da maganin radiation.
- Radiation far kawai ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya samun chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy da aka bayar a lokaci guda kamar yadda ake amfani da radiation.
- Chemotherapy ya biyo baya ta hanyar radiation wanda aka bayar a lokaci ɗaya da ƙarin chemotherapy.
- Gwajin gwaji na ilimin kimiya da magani wanda ya biyo bayan tiyata ko kuma maganin fuka-fuka.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin da aka yi niyya (nivolumab) tare da chemotherapy da aka bayar a lokaci guda azaman radiation a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ci gaban cutar ta HPV-tabbatacce.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin radiation tare da ko ba tare da chemotherapy.
- Gwajin gwaji na tiyatar transoral wanda ya biyo bayan daidaitaccen - ko ƙaramin sihiri na raɗaɗɗa tare da ko ba tare da ilimin kimiya ba a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar ta HPV-tabbatacciya.
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Ciwon Magungunan Magungunan Metropatic da Maimaitawa
Sake dawo da cutar sankara a cikin oropharynx ko kuma a wasu sassan jiki bayan an magance ta. Maganin kansar oropharyngeal wanda ya daidaita (yaɗuwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki) ko ya sake dawowa a cikin oropharynx na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata, idan ƙari ba ya amsa maganin radiation.
- Radiation, idan ba'a cire ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar tiyata ba kuma ba a ba da radiation ta baya ba.
- Tiyata ta biyu, idan ba a cire kumburin gaba daya ta aikin farko.
- Chemotherapy ga marasa lafiya tare da ciwon daji na yau da kullum wanda ba za a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata.
- Radiation far da aka bayar a lokaci guda kamar chemotherapy.
- Magungunan radiation na jikin mutum wanda aka bayar a lokaci guda azaman farfadowa (cetuximab).
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin farfadowa, maganin haskakawar jikin mutum, ko maganin fuka-fuka wanda aka bayar a lokaci guda da cutar sankara.
- Gwajin gwaji na immunotherapy (nivolumab ko pembrolizumab).
Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.
Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon Canjin Mara Oropharyngeal
Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Ciwon aboutwayar Ciwon aboutasa game da cutar sanƙarar oropharyngeal, duba mai zuwa:
- Shafin Gida da Kai
- Caoƙarin Oral, Pharyngeal, da Rigakafin Cutar Laryngeal
- Caoƙarin Oral, Pharyngeal, da Laryngeal Cancer Screening
- Maganin maganganun Chemotherapy da Radiation Kai / Neck
- HPV da Ciwon daji
- An Amince da Magunguna don Ciwon kai da Ciwan wuya
- Kai da wuya Cancer
- Taba (ya haɗa da taimako tare da barin)
Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:
- Game da Ciwon daji
- Tsayawa
- Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji
- Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji
- Yin fama da Ciwon daji
- Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji
- Don Tsira da Kulawa
