Nau'o'in / cututtukan yara / masu haƙuri / marasa lafiya-marasa lafiya-yara-pdq
Abubuwan da ke ciki
- 1 Cancers na Musamman na Kula da Yara (?)
- 1.1 Janar Bayani Game da Cututtukan Ciwon Yara na Yara
- 1.2 Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
- 1.3 Cancers Marasa Lafiya na Kai da Wuya
- 1.4 Cancers na al'ada na Kirji
- 1.5 Cancers na al'ada na Ciki
- 1.6 Cancers na Musamman na Tsarin Haihuwa da Fitsari
- 1.7 Sauran Kananan Cancers na Yara
- 1.8 Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon Cutar Yara
Cancers na Musamman na Kula da Yara (?)
Janar Bayani Game da Cututtukan Ciwon Yara na Yara
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Ciwon daji na al'ada na yara shine cututtukan daji waɗanda ba kasafai ake ganinsu ga yara ba.
- Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje don gano (gano), gano asali, da kuma aiwatar da cututtukan da ba na al'ada ba na yara.
- Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
- Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
Ciwon daji na al'ada na yara shine cututtukan daji waɗanda ba kasafai ake ganinsu ga yara ba.
Ciwon daji a cikin yara da matasa ba safai ba. Tun daga shekara ta 1975, sannu a hankali yawan sababbi na cutar kansa ta yara. Tun daga shekarar 1975, yawan mace-mace daga cutar sankara ta yara ya ragu da fiye da rabi.
Theananan cututtukan da aka tattauna a cikin wannan taƙaitaccen abu ne da ke faruwa cewa yawancin asibitocin yara suna iya ganin ƙasa da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan cikin shekaru da yawa. Saboda cututtukan cututtukan da ba a saba da su ba su da yawa, babu cikakken bayani game da abin da magani ke aiki mafi kyau. Kulawa da yara sau da yawa akan abin da aka koya ne daga kula da sauran yara. Wani lokaci, ana samun bayanai ne kawai daga rahotannin ganowar cutar, magani, da kuma bin yaro ɗaya ko ƙananan rukuni na yara waɗanda aka ba su irin wannan magani.
Yawancin cututtukan daji daban daban an rufe su a cikin wannan taƙaitaccen bayani. An haɗa su ta inda aka same su a jiki.
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje don gano (gano), gano asali, da kuma aiwatar da cututtukan da ba na al'ada ba na yara.
Ana yin gwaje-gwaje don ganowa, gano asali, da kuma cutar kansa. Gwajin da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da nau'in cutar kansa. Bayan an gano cutar kansa, ana yin gwaji don gano ko ƙwayoyin kansa sun bazu daga inda cutar ta fara zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gano idan kwayoyin cutar kansa sun bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki ana kiranta staging. Bayanin da aka tattara daga tsarin daukar matakan tantance matakin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci a san matakin don tsara mafi kyawun magani.
Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ke tafe don ganowa, gano asali, da kuma cutar kansa:
- Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihin lafiya: Jarabawa ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincikar samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwa da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan aiki a jiki. Adadin abu na yau da kullun (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na iya zama alamar cuta.
- X-ray: X-ray wani katako ne na katako wanda zai iya ratsa jiki zuwa fim.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.
- PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a jiki kuma tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.
- MRI (hoton maganadisu ): Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu da raƙuman rediyo don yin cikakken hotunan hotuna na wurare a cikin jiki. Ana yin hotunan ta kwamfuta. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI).
- Gwajin duban dan tayi: Hanya ce wacce ake fitar da igiyar sauti mai karfi (duban dan tayi) daga kyallen ciki ko gabobin ciki kuma suna yin kuwwa. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Ana iya buga hoton don a kalleshi daga baya.
- Endoscopy: Hanya ce don duba gabobi da kyallen takarda a cikin jiki don bincika yankuna marasa haɗari. An saka endoscope ta hanyar ragi (yankewa) a cikin fata ko budewa a jiki, kamar bakin ko dubura. Ganin ƙarshen abu mai nauyi ne, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran jiki ko samfuran kumburin lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cuta.
- Binciken ƙashi: Hanya ce don bincika idan akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin rarrabawa, kamar ƙwayoyin kansa, a cikin ƙashi. Aramin abu kaɗan ne na rediyo ke shiga cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kayan aikin radiyo yana tattarawa a cikin kasusuwa tare da cutar kansa kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu ce ke gano shi.
- Biopsy: Cirewar ƙwayoyin halitta ko kyallen takarda don a iya kallon su ta hanyar microscope ta hanyar masanin ilimin ɗan adam don bincika alamun kansar. Akwai hanyoyin sarrafa biopsy da yawa. Mafi yawan nau'ikan sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Fatar-allura mai kyau (FNA) biopsy: Cire nama ko ruwa ta amfani da siririn allura.
- Core biopsy: Cire ƙwayar nama ta amfani da babban allura.
- Gwajin Injial: Cire ɓangaren dunƙule ko samfurin nama wanda ba shi da kyau.
- Exisional biopsy: Cire duka dunƙulen ko yanki na nama wanda ba shi da kyau.
Akwai hanyoyi uku da kansar ke yaduwa a jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yadawa ta hanyar nama, tsarin lymph, da jini:
- Nama. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta girma zuwa yankuna na kusa.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya faro ta hanyar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciwon daji yana bi ta cikin jirgin ruwan lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon daji yana yaduwa daga inda ya fara ta hanyar shiga cikin jini. Ciwon daji yana bi ta hanyoyin jini zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa daga inda ya fara zuwa sauran sassan jiki.
Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu zuwa wani sashin jiki, akan kira shi metastasis. Kwayoyin sankara suna ɓata daga inda suka fara (asalin ƙwayar cuta) kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin lymph ko jini.
- Tsarin Lymph. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin tsarin laminin, ya ratsa ta cikin jiragen ruwan lymph, kuma ya samar da ƙari (metastatic tumo) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
- Jini. Ciwon kansa ya shiga cikin jini, ya bi ta hanyoyin jini, ya samar da ƙari (ƙwayar metastatic) a wani ɓangaren jiki.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine irin ciwon daji kamar asalin farko. Misali, idan cutar sankarar thyroid ta bazu zuwa huhu, ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin huhun ainihin ƙwayoyin kansa ne. Cutar cutar ta kamu da cutar kansa, ba ta huhun huhu ba.
Yawancin cututtukan daji suna faruwa yayin da ciwon daji ya motsa daga asalin asalin kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu kayan aiki da gabobi. Wannan shi ake kira metastatic cancer. Wannan motsawar yana nuna yadda kwayoyin cutar kansa ke tafiya daga wuri a jiki inda suka fara kirkira zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya
MAGANAN MAGANA
- Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban na yara masu fama da cutar kansa.
- Yaran da ke da cututtukan daji na yau da kullun ya kamata ƙungiyar masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka kware wajen kula da cutar kansa a cikin yara suka shirya maganin su.
- Ana amfani da nau'ikan daidaitaccen magani guda tara:
- Tiyata
- Radiation far
- Chemotherapy
- -Wararren ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da haɓakar ƙwayar salula ta atomatik
- Hormone far
- Immunotherapy
- Jiran jira
- Ciwon da aka yi niyya
- Haɓakawa
- Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
- Gene far
- Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
- Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
- Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
- Jiyya don cututtukan daji na al'ada na ƙuruciya na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.
Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban na yara masu fama da cutar kansa.
Akwai nau'ikan magunguna daban-daban don yara masu cutar kansa. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani.
Saboda cutar kansa a cikin yara ba safai ba, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shiga cikin gwajin asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.
Yaran da ke da cututtukan daji na yau da kullun ya kamata ƙungiyar masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka kware wajen kula da cutar kansa a cikin yara suka shirya maganin su.
Jiyya za ta kula da likitan ilimin likitan yara, likita wanda ya kware kan kula da yara masu cutar kansa. Masanin ilimin likitancin yara yana aiki tare da wasu masu ba da kula da lafiya na yara waɗanda ƙwararru ne wajen kula da yara da ke fama da cutar kansa kuma waɗanda suka ƙware a wasu fannonin magani. Wadannan na iya hada da kwararru masu zuwa:
- Likitan yara.
- Likitan likitan yara.
- Kwararren likitan yara.
- Radiation oncologist
- Kwararren likitan yara.
- Gwanayen gyarawa.
- Masanin ilimin likita.
- Ma'aikacin zamantakewa.
- Masanin ilimin psychologist.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan daidaitaccen magani guda tara:
Tiyata
Yin aikin tiyata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don gano ko cutar kansa ta wanzu, don cire kansa daga jiki, ko kuma gyara ɓangaren jikin mutum. Yin tiyata na kwantar da hankali ake yi don magance alamomin cutar daji. Har ila yau, ana kiran tiyata aiki.
Bayan likita ya cire dukkan cutar daji da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyatar, wasu marasa lafiya za a iya ba su maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ko kuma maganin furewa bayan tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka rage. Maganin da ake bayarwa bayan tiyatar, don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa zai dawo, ana kiran sa adjuvant therapy.
Radiation far
Radiation therapy wani magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'ikan maganin radiation daban-daban:
- Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa.
- Proton beam radiation therapy wani nau'i ne na ƙarfin kuzari, na maganin feshin waje. Na'urar maganin fuka-fuka tana nufin rafuka na proton (ƙarami, marar ganuwa, ƙwaƙƙwaran caji) a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don kashe su. Irin wannan maganin yana haifar da raunin lalacewa ga lafiyayyen nama.
- Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da wani abu mai tasirin iska wanda aka shiga cikin jiki ko rufe shi a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.
- 131I-MIBG (rediyoaktif iodine) magani wani nau'i ne na maganin radiation na ciki wanda ake amfani dashi don magance pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma. An ba da iodine mai yaduwa ta hanyar jiko. Yana shiga cikin jini kuma yana tattarawa a cikin wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin tumo, yana kashe su da radiation din da ake bayarwa.
Hanyar da ake ba da maganin fitilar ya dogara da nau'in cutar kansa da ake kula da ita.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna iya shafar kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki (chemotherapy mai tsari). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai maƙarƙashiya, rami na jiki kamar ciki, ko kuma wani sashin jiki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa a waɗancan yankuna. Haɗaɗɗiyar cutar sanadiyyar magani magani ne ta amfani da fiye da ɗaya maganin ƙwayar cutar kansa. Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in da matakin cutar kansa.
-Wararren ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da haɓakar ƙwayar salula ta atomatik
Ana ba da magungunan allura don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin lafiya, gami da ƙwayoyin halitta masu jini, suma ana lalata su ta hanyar maganin kansa. Cutar da ƙwaƙwalwa shine magani don maye gurbin ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana cire ƙwayoyin jiki (ƙwayoyin jinin da basu balaga ba) daga cikin jinin ko ƙashin ƙashin mara lafiyan kuma ana daskarar dasu ana adana su. Bayan mai haƙuri ya gama shan magani, sai a narke ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka adana kuma a mayar da su ga mai haƙuri ta hanyar jiko. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin magungunan za a ɗibar
Hormone far
Maganin Hormone magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke kawar da homonomi ko toshe aikin su kuma ya hana ƙwayoyin cutar kansa girma. Hormones wasu abubuwa ne waɗanda gland shine yake yinsu a jiki kuma yake gudana ta hanyoyin jini. Wasu kwayoyin na iya haifar da wasu cututtukan kansa. Idan gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna da wuraren da homonomi zasu iya haɗawa (masu karɓa), ana amfani da ƙwayoyi, tiyata, ko kuma maganin fuka don rage samar da homon ɗin ko toshe su daga aiki. Za'a iya amfani da maganin cikin jiki tare da magungunan da ake kira corticosteroids don magance thymoma ko carcinoma na thymic.
Za'a iya amfani da maganin cikin jiki tare da analogue na somatostatin (octreotide ko lanreotide) don magance ƙwayoyin neuroendocrine waɗanda suka bazu ko ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Octreotide don magance thymoma wanda baya amsa wani magani. Wannan maganin yana dakatar da ƙarin homonon daga ciwon neuroendocrine. Octreotide ko lanreotide analogues ne na somatostatin waɗanda ake allurarsu ƙarƙashin fata ko cikin tsoka. Wani lokaci karamin abu na abu mai rediyo yana haɗe da magani kuma radiation ɗin yana kuma kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan ake kira peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko biologic therapy.
- Interferon: Interferon yana shafar rarrabuwa daga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kuma zai iya jinkirta ci gaban ƙari. Ana amfani dashi don magance ciwon daji na nasopharyngeal da papillomatosis.
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - takamaiman cytotoxic T-lymphocytes: Ana kula da fararen ƙwayoyin jini (T-lymphocytes) a dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da kwayar Epstein-Barr sannan kuma a baiwa mara lafiyan don motsa garkuwar jiki da yaƙi kansa. Ana nazarin takamaiman T-lymphocytes na musamman na EBV don maganin kansar nasopharyngeal.
- Magungunan rigakafi: Maganin kansar da ke amfani da wani abu ko rukuni na abubuwa don haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta don gano ƙwayar cuta da kashe ta. Ana amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi don magance papillomatosis.
- Maganin hana shiga ciki na kariya: Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin rigakafi, kamar su kwayoyin T, da wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa suna da wasu sunadarai, wadanda ake kira sunadarin shinge, a saman su wanda ke kiyaye amsoshin rigakafin a duba. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin daji ke da yawancin waɗannan sunadaran, ƙwayoyin T ba za su auka musu ba. Masu hana abubuwan hana ruwa kariya suna toshe wadannan sunadaran kuma karfin kwayar T don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa ya karu.
- Akwai nau'ikan maganin hana hana ruwa guda biyu na kariya:
- CTLA-4 furotin ne akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da ba da kariya ga jiki. Lokacin da CTLA-4 ke haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira B7 akan kwayar cutar kansa, yana dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana CTLA-4 sun haɗa zuwa CTLA-4 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ipilimumab wani nau'in mai hana CTLA-4 ne. Ana iya la'akari da Ipilimumab don maganin melanoma mai haɗari wanda aka cire shi gaba ɗaya yayin aikin tiyata. Ana amfani da Ipilimumab tare da nivolumab don magance wasu yara da ke fama da cutar kansa.
- PD-1 shine furotin akan saman ƙwayoyin T wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye amsoshin garkuwar jiki cikin bincike. Lokacin da PD-1 ya haɗu da wani furotin da ake kira PDL-1 akan kwayar sankara, yakan dakatar da kwayar T daga kashe kwayar cutar kansa. Masu hana PD-1 sun haɗa zuwa PDL-1 kuma suna ba da ƙwayoyin T damar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Nivolumab wani nau'in mai hana PD-1 ne. Ana amfani da Nivolumab tare da ipilimumab don magance wasu yara da ke fama da cutar sankarau. Ana amfani da Pembrolizumab da nivolumab don maganin melanoma wanda ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki. Nivolumab da pembrolizumab ana nazarinsu a maganin melanoma ga yara da matasa. Jiyya tare da waɗannan kwayoyi guda biyu galibi ana nazarin su ne a cikin manya.
- BRAF kinase inhibitor therapy: Masu hana BRAF kinase suna toshe furotin BRAF. BRAF sunadaran suna taimakawa wajen kula da ci gaban kwayar halitta kuma ana iya canzawa (canzawa) a wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. Toshewar sunadaran BRAF na iya taimakawa kiyaye kwayoyin cutar kansa daga girma. Dabrafenib, vemurafenib, da umerafenib ana amfani dasu don maganin melanoma. Ana nazarin dabrafenib na baka a yara da matasa tare da melanoma. Jiyya tare da waɗannan kwayoyi guda uku galibi ana nazarin su ne a cikin manya.
Jiran jira
Tsayawa a hankali yana lura da yanayin mai haƙuri ba tare da ba da wani magani ba har sai alamu ko alamu sun bayyana ko canzawa. Ana iya amfani da jira na hankali lokacin da ciwon ya fara girma a hankali ko kuma lokacin da zai yiwu ciwon zai iya ɓacewa ba tare da magani ba.
Ciwon da aka yi niyya
Targeted therapy wani magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don ganowa da afkawa takamaiman ƙwayoyin kansa ba tare da cutar ƙwayoyin halitta ba. Nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu don magance cututtukan yara na ƙananan yara sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Waɗannan magungunan maganin da aka yi niyya suna toshe siginonin da ake buƙata don ciwan ciwone. Ana amfani da Vandetanib da cabozantinib don magance cututtukan thyroid na medullary. Sunitinib ana amfani dashi don magance pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, ciwan neuroendocrine, thymoma, da carcinoma na thymic. Ana amfani da Crizotinib don magance cututtukan tracheobronchial.
- mTOR masu hanawa: Wani nau'in maganin da aka yi niyya wanda ke dakatar da furotin da ke taimakawa ƙwayoyin halitta su rarrabu. Ana amfani da Everolimus don magance cututtukan zuciya, neuroendocrine, da ciwan kwayar halitta.
- Magungunan Monoclonal: Wannan maganin da aka yi niyya yana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, daga wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta na rigakafi. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta na jikin mutum na iya gano abubuwan da ke jikin kwayoyin cutar kansar ko kuma wasu abubuwa na yau da kullun wadanda zasu iya taimakawa kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin rigakafin suna haɗuwa da abubuwan kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, toshe haɓakar su, ko kiyaye su daga yaɗuwa. Ana ba da ƙwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal ta hanyar jiko. Ana iya amfani da su su kaɗai ko ɗaukar ƙwayoyi, gubobi, ko kayan aikin rediyo kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa. Bevacizumab magani ne na monoclonal wanda ake amfani dashi don magance papillomatosis.
- Tarihin methyltransferase masu hanawa: Wannan nau'in maganin da aka yi niyya yana rage karfin kwayar cutar kanjamau don haɓaka da rarrabuwa. Ana amfani da Tazemetostat don magance cutar sankarar jakar kwai. Ana nazarin Tazemetostat a cikin maganin chordomas waɗanda suka sake dawowa bayan jiyya.
- MEK masu hanawa: Wannan nau'in maganin warkewa yana toshe alamun da ake buƙata don ciwace-ciwacen girma. Ana amfani da Trametinib da binimetinib don maganin melanoma wanda ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki. Jiyya tare da trametinib ko binimetinib yawanci ana nazarin shi a cikin manya.
Ana yin nazarin hanyoyin kwantar da hankula don magance wasu cututtukan sankarau na yara.
Haɓakawa
Embolization magani ne wanda ake shafa dye mai banƙyama da barbashi cikin jijiyoyin hanta ta cikin catheter (bakin ciki bututu). Barbashin ya toshe jijiyoyin, yanke yankewar jini zuwa kumburin. Wani lokaci ƙananan adadin abu mai tasirin rediyo yana haɗe da ƙwayoyin. Yawancin radiyon suna kamawa a kusa da ƙari don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan shi ake kira aikin rediyo.
Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana bayanin jiyya waɗanda ake nazarin su a gwajin asibiti. Yana iya ba ambaci kowane sabon magani ana nazarin. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.
Gene far
Maganin kwayar halitta magani ne wanda ake saka kayan foreign asashen waje (DNA ko RNA) cikin ƙwayoyin mutum don hana ko yaƙi cuta. Ana nazarin ilimin jiyya a maganin papillomatosis.
Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.
Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.
Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.
Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.
Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.
Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ɗanku ya canza ko kuma idan ciwon daji ya sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.
Jiyya don cututtukan daji na al'ada na ƙuruciya na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.
Don bayani game da illolin da ke farawa yayin magani don cutar kansa, duba shafin Gurbinmu.
Hanyoyi masu illa daga maganin ciwon daji wanda zai fara bayan jiyya kuma ya ci gaba tsawon watanni ko shekaru ana kiransa sakamako na ƙarshe. Sakamakon sakamako na maganin kansa na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Matsalolin jiki.
- Canje-canje a cikin yanayi, ji, tunani, ilmantarwa, ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
- Cancer na biyu (sababbin nau'ikan cutar kansa).
Wasu maganganun ƙarshen ana iya magance su ko sarrafa su. Yana da mahimmanci ayi magana da likitocin ɗanka game da yuwuwar sakamakon da wasu cututtukan daji da cututtukan daji ke haifarwa. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan ƙarshen tasirin Jiyya don Ciwon Childhoodan yara don ƙarin bayani).
Cancers Marasa Lafiya na Kai da Wuya
A Wannan Sashin
- Ciwon daji na Nasopharyngeal
- Ciwan ciki
- Ciwan Thyroid
- Maganin Ciwon Mara
- Salivary Gland Tumor
- Ciwon daji na Laryngeal da Papillomatosis
- Midline Tract Cancer tare da NUT Gene Canje-canje (NUT Midline Carcinoma)
Ciwon daji na Nasopharyngeal
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kulawar Ciwon Childhoodancin Nasopharyngeal don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwan ciki
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kulawar Esthesioneuroblastoma Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwan Thyroid
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kula da Ciwon Cutar Thyroid na Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Maganin Ciwon Mara
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Maganin Caarfafa cerarfin Childhoodarfin Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Salivary Gland Tumor
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kula da Ciwan Tumor na Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwon daji na Laryngeal da Papillomatosis
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Ciwan Tumurcin Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Midline Tract Cancer tare da NUT Gene Canje-canje (NUT Midline Carcinoma)
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da cinarancin Tsakiyar omaananan Yara tare da NUT Gene Canji Jiyya don ƙarin bayani.
Cancers na al'ada na Kirji
A Wannan Sashin
- Ciwon Nono
- Ciwon huhu
- Magungunan Esophageal
- Thymoma da Thymic Carcinoma
- Ciwon Zuciya (Zuciya)
- Mesothelioma
Ciwon Nono
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Maganin Ciwon Nono na Yara don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwon huhu
Duba taƙaitawar mai zuwa don ƙarin bayani:
- Yarinyar Tracheobronchial Tumors Jiyya
- Kulawa da Ciwon Blastoma Yara
Magungunan Esophageal
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Maganin Ciwon ceranƙara Esophageal don ƙarin bayani.
Thymoma da Thymic Carcinoma
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Ciwon Thymoma na Yara da Kula da Carcinoma na Thymic don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwon Zuciya (Zuciya)
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kula da Ciwan Childhoodano na Yara don Childhoodarin bayani.
Mesothelioma
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kulawar Yara na Mesothelioma don ƙarin bayani.
Cancers na al'ada na Ciki
A Wannan Sashin
- Ciwon Ciki (Gastric) Cancer
- Ciwon daji na Pancreatic
- Canrectrect Cancer
- Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid Tumors)
- Tananan Tromor na ciki
Adincincortical Carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma wata cuta ce wacce mugayen ƙwayoyin cuta (keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin cuta) ke samarwa a cikin layin waje na gland adrenal. Akwai gland biyu. Glandan adrenal suna da ƙananan siffofi kamar alwatika. Landaya daga cikin gland shine yake zaune a saman kowace koda. Kowace gland tana da sassa biyu. Tsakanin adrenal gland shine adrenal medulla. Launin waje na gland din adrenal shine guntun adrenal. Adrenocortical carcinoma kuma ana kiransa ciwon daji na bautar adrenal.
Cutar sankarar adrenocortical carcinoma tana faruwa galibi ga marasa lafiya ƙasa da shekaru 6 ko a shekarun samari, kuma galibi a cikin mata.
Adwayar adrenal tana haifar da mahimmancin hormones waɗanda suke yin waɗannan abubuwa:
- Daidaita ruwa da gishiri a jiki.
- Taimaka wajan kiyaye hawan jini yadda ya kamata.
- Taimakawa sarrafa amfani da jiki na furotin, kitse, da carbohydrates.
- Sanadin jiki ga halaye irin na mata ko na miji.
Abubuwan Hadarin, alamu da alamomin cutar, da kuma Gano da kuma Gwajin gwaji
Haɗarin ƙwayar carcinoma adrenocortical yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar samun wani maye gurbi (canji) a cikin kwayar halitta ko ɗayan cututtukan da ke tafe:
- Ciwon Li-Fraumeni.
- Beckwith-Wiedemann ciwo.
- Ciwan jini.
Adincincortical carcinoma na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun da alamun. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Wani dunkule a cikin ciki.
- Jin zafi a ciki ko baya.
- Jin cikar ciki.
Hakanan, ƙari na guntun adrenal yana iya aiki (yana yin ƙarin hormones fiye da al'ada) ko rashin aiki (ba ya yin ƙarin homon). Yawancin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara suna yin ciwace ciwace. Hormonesarin hormones da aka yi ta ciwace ciwace na iya haifar da wasu alamu ko alamomin cutar kuma waɗannan sun dogara da nau'in homon ɗin da kumburin ya yi. Misali, karin sinadarin inrogene na iya haifar da yara maza da mata su fito da halaye irin na maza, kamar gashin jiki ko murya mai zurfin gaske, saurin girma, da kuma samun kuraje. Hormonearin hormone na estrogen na iya haifar da haɓakar naman mama a cikin yara maza. Hormonearin hormone cortisol na iya haifar da ciwo na Cushing (hypercortisolism).
(Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Ciwon Maganin Adrenocortical Carcinoma don ƙarin bayani game da alamu da alamomin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na adrenocortical.)
Gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani dasu don tantancewa da kuma yin maganin sankarau ya dogara da alamun marasa lafiya. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini.
- X-ray na kirji, ciki, ko ƙashi.
- CT dubawa.
- MRI.
- PET scan.
- Duban dan tayi.
- Biopsy (ana cire sinadarin yayin aikin kuma sai a duba samfurin don alamun kansar).
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin fitsari na awanni ashirin da hudu: Gwaji ne wanda aka tara fitsari awanni 24 don auna adadin cortisol ko 17-ketosteroids. Adadin da ya fi yawan al'ada na wadannan abubuwa a cikin fitsari na iya zama wata alama ta cuta a cikin guntun adrenal.
- -Aramin gwajin dexamethasone danniya: Gwaji wanda aka bayar da ɗaya ko fiye da ƙananan ƙwayoyin dexamethasone. Ana bincika matakin cortisol daga samfurin jini ko daga fitsari da aka tattara na kwana uku. Ana yin wannan gwajin don bincika idan glandon adrenal yana yin cortisol da yawa.
- Gwajin babban dexamethasone danniya: Gwaji wanda aka bayar da daya ko fiye da yawa na dexamethasone. Ana bincika matakin cortisol daga samfurin jini ko daga fitsari da aka tattara na kwana uku. Ana yin wannan gwajin ne don bincika idan glandon adrenal yana yin cortisol da yawa ko kuma glandon na pituitary yana gayawa adrenal gland suyi yawa cortisol.
- Nazarin hormone na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu kwayoyin halittar da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan aiki a jiki. Adadin abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na abu zai iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Ana iya bincikar jinin don testosterone ko estrogen. Matsayi mafi girma fiye da al'ada na waɗannan kwayoyin na iya zama alamar ƙwayar carcinoma adrenocortical.
- Adrenal angiography: Hanya ce don duba jijiyoyin jini da kwararar jini kusa da gland. An saka fenti mai banbanci a cikin jijiyoyin adrenal. Yayinda rini take motsawa ta cikin jijiyoyin jini, ana daukar wasu hotuna na x-ray don ganin ko kowane jijiyoyin sun toshe.
- Adrenal venography: Hanya ce don kallon jijiyoyin adrenal da kuma kwararar jini kusa da gland din. An yi amfani da fenti mai bambanci a cikin jijiya. Yayinda faranti mai banbanci ke motsawa ta cikin jijiya, ana daukar jerin hotuna don ganin idan an toshe wasu jijiyoyin. Ana iya saka catheter (bututu siriri sosai) a cikin jijiyar don ɗaukar samfurin jini, wanda aka bincika don matakan hormone mara kyau.
Hangen nesa
Hangen nesa (damar dawowa) yana da kyau ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da ƙananan kumburi waɗanda aka cire su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata. Ga sauran marasa lafiya, hangen nesa ya dogara da masu zuwa:
- Girman ƙari.
- Yaya saurin ciwon daji yake girma.
- Ko akwai canje-canje a cikin wasu kwayoyin halittu.
- Ko kumburin ya yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, gami da kumburin lymph.
- Shekarun yaro.
- Ko suturar da ke kusa da kumburin ta buɗe yayin aikin tiyata don cire kumburin.
- Ko an cire kumburin gaba daya yayin aikin.
- Ko yaron ya haɓaka halaye irin na maza.
Adincincortical carcinoma na iya yadawa zuwa hanta, huhu, koda, ko ƙashi.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na carcinoma adrenocortical a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire gland adrenal kuma, idan ana buƙata, ciwon daji wanda ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki. Wani lokaci kuma ana ba da ilimin sanko.
Jiyya na carcinoma adrenocortical na yara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Ciwon Cutar Ciwon Maracincin Adrenocortical don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwon Ciki (Gastric) Cancer
Ciwon ciki cuta ne wanda ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamshi (cancer) ke samuwa a cikin rufin ciki. Ciki gabobi ne mai siffa kamar J a cikin babba na sama. Yana daga cikin tsarin narkewar abinci, wanda ke sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki (bitamin, ma'adanai, carbohydrates, kitse, sunadarai, da ruwa) a cikin abincin da ake ci kuma yana taimakawa wuce kayan abu daga jiki. Abinci yana motsawa daga maƙogwaro zuwa ciki ta rami, bututun tsoka da ake kira esophagus. Bayan an bar ciki, abinci mai narkewa wani bangare sai ya shiga cikin karamin hanji sannan a shiga cikin babban hanji.
Abubuwan haɗari da alamu da cututtuka
Hadarin ciwon daji na ciki ya karu da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Samun kamuwa da kwayar cutar Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), wacce ake samu a ciki.
- Samun yanayin gado wanda ake kira kan dangin yaduwar kansar ciki.
Yawancin marasa lafiya ba su da alamu da alamomi har sai cutar kansa ta bazu. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun da alamun. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Anemia (gajiya, jiri, sauri ko bugun zuciya mara kyau, numfashi mai gajere, fataccen fata).
- Ciwon ciki.
- Rashin ci.
- Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
- Ciwan mara
- Amai.
- Maƙarƙashiya ko gudawa.
- Rashin ƙarfi.
Sauran yanayin da ba ciwon daji na ciki bane na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun da alamun.
Gwajin Bincike da Tsayawa
Gwaje-gwajen don tantancewa da ciwan kansar ciki na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- X-ray na ciki.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini.
- CT dubawa.
- Biopsy.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantancewa da cutar kansa ta ciki sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Endoscopy na sama: Hanya ce wacce za'a duba cikin esophagus, ciki, da duodenum (ɓangaren farko na ƙaramar hanji) don bincika yankuna mara kyau. Ana wuce ƙarshen hangen nesa ta cikin baki zuwa ƙoshin maƙogwaro zuwa cikin maƙarƙashiya. Ganin ƙarshen abu mai nauyi ne, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran jiki ko samfuran kumburin lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cuta.
- Barium haɗiye: Tsarin x-ray na esophagus da ciki. Mara lafiya yana shan wani ruwa wanda yake dauke da sinadarin barium. Ruwan yana saka suturar esophagus da ciki, kuma ana ɗaukar x-ray. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta jerin GI na sama.
- Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC): Hanyar da za'a zana samfurin jini kuma a bincika ta mai zuwa:
- Adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelets.
- Adadin haemoglobin (furotin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen) a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin jini.
- Yankin samfurin jini ya kunshi jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
Hangen nesa
Hangen nesa (damar samun sauki) ya dogara ne kan ko kansar ta bazu a lokacin da aka gano ta da kuma yadda cutar ta amshi magani.
Ciwon daji na iya yaduwa zuwa hanta, huhu, peritoneum, ko kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na ciwon daji na ciki a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire kansar da wasu lafiyayyun nama kusa da shi.
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire yawancin ciwon daji kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan kuma ana amfani da maganin ƙwanƙwasawa da cutar sankara.
Maganin kansar ciki na yara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Duba ɓangaren Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) na wannan taƙaitaccen bayanin da Tumors Neuroendocrine (Carcinoids) na wannan taƙaitaccen bayani game da cututtukan cututtukan ciki da ciwan neuroendocrine.
Ciwon daji na Pancreatic
Cutar sankara (Pancreatic cancer) cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta ke fitowa a cikin kyallen takarda. Ganyayyaki gland ne mai kamannin pear mai tsawon inci 6. Ana kiran faffadan ƙarshen pancreas kai, ɓangaren tsakiya kuma ana kiransa jiki, kuma an kira ƙarshen ƙarshen da wutsiya. Yawancin nau'ikan ciwace-ciwace daban-daban na iya samarwa a cikin ƙankara. Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ba su da illa (ba ciwon daji ba).
Pancreas yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu a cikin jiki:
- Don yin juices waɗanda ke taimakawa narkewar abinci (farfashe). Waɗannan ruwan 'ya'yan itace an ɓoye su a cikin ƙananan hanji.
- Don yin homonin dake taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan sukari da gishiri a cikin jini. Wadannan kwayoyin hormones din suna boye cikin jini.
Akwai nau'ikan cutar sankara guda huɗu a cikin yara:
- Tumaƙƙarwar ƙwayar cutar pseudopapillary na pancreas. Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in cututtukan pancreatic. Ya fi shafar mata waɗanda suka manyanta da samari. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen sannu a hankali suna da bangarori masu kama da ciki da kuma daskararru. Da wuya bugun pseudopapillary na pancreas da wuya ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki kuma hangen nesa yana da kyau. Lokaci-lokaci, ƙari zai iya yaduwa zuwa hanta, huhu, ko ƙwayoyin lymph.
- Pancreatoblastoma. Yawanci yakan faru ne ga yara 'yan shekara 10 ko ƙarami. Yaran da ke fama da ciwo na Beckwith-Wiedemann da kuma adenomatous polyposis (FAP) suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankara. Wadannan cututtukan da ke saurin saurin saurin haifar da alamar alpha-fetoprotein. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen na iya yin adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) da antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Pancreatoblastoma na iya yaduwa zuwa hanta, huhu, da kuma lymph nodes. Hannun hangen nesa na yara tare da pancreatoblastoma yana da kyau.
- Ciwon daji na tsibirin. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen ba su saba da yara ba kuma suna iya zama marasa kyau ko marasa kyau. Tumananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta na iya faruwa a cikin yara tare da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na 1 (MEN1) na endocrine neoplasia. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen tsibirin tsibiri sune insulinomas da gastrinomas. Sauran nau'ikan cututtukan kwayar halitta sune ACTHoma da VIPoma. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen na iya yin homon, kamar su insulin, gastrin, ACTH, ko ADH. Lokacin da aka yi yawancin hormone, alamu da alamomin cuta suna faruwa.
- Ciwon daji na Pancreatic. Pancreatic carcinoma yana da wuya a yara. Nau'o'in cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu sune ciwon sankara na acinar da kuma adenocarcinoma ductal.
Alamomi da Ciwon
Janar alamu da alamun cutar sankara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gajiya.
- Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
- Rashin ci.
- Cutar rashin jin daɗi.
- Ciki a ciki.
A cikin yara, wasu cututtukan pancreatic ba sa ɓoye hormones kuma babu alamu da alamun cuta. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala a iya gano cutar sankara a farkon wuri.
Ciwon kumburin ciki wanda ke yin ɓoyi na ɓoye na iya haifar da alamu da alamomi. Alamomin da alamomin sun dogara da nau'in hormone da ake yi.
Idan ƙari ya ɓoye insulin, alamu da alamomin da zasu iya faruwa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Sugararancin sukarin jini. Wannan na iya haifar da hangen nesa, ciwon kai, da jin annurin kai, gajiya, rauni, girgiza, tashin hankali, jin haushi, gumi,
- rudewa, ko yunwa.
- Canje-canje a cikin hali.
- Kamawa.
- Coma
Idan ƙari ya ɓoye gastrin, alamu da alamomin da zasu iya faruwa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Ciwon ciki wanda yake ci gaba da dawowa.
- Jin zafi a cikin ciki, wanda na iya yaɗuwa zuwa baya. Ciwo na iya zuwa ya tafi kuma zai iya gushewa bayan shan antacid.
- Maganganun cikin ciki ya koma cikin esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux).
- Gudawa.
Alamomi da alamomin cututtukan cututtukan da ke haifar da wasu nau'ikan hormones, kamar ACTH ko ADH, na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Zawo mai ruwa.
- Rashin ruwa (jin ƙishirwa, rage fitsari, bushewar fata da baki, ciwon kai, jiri, ko jin kasala).
- Soananan matakin sodium (gishiri) a cikin jini (rikicewa, bacci, rauni na tsoka, da kamuwa).
- Rage nauyi ko riba ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
- Zagaye fuska da siraran hannaye da kafafu.
- Jin kasala sosai da rauni.
- Hawan jini.
- Alamu masu dalla-dalla masu launin purple ko ruwan hoda akan fatar.
Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ka ga ɗayan waɗannan matsalolin a cikin ɗanka. Sauran yanayin da ba ciwon sankara ba na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun alamun.
Gwajin Bincike da Tsayawa
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da ciwan daji na pancreatic na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- X-ray na kirji.
- CT dubawa.
- MRI.
- PET scan.
- Biopsy.
- Kwayar halittar-Allura mai mahimmanci: Cirewar nama ta amfani da babban allura.
- Laparoscopy: Tsarin tiyata ne don duba gabobin da ke cikin ciki don bincika alamun cuta. Incananan raɗaɗɗu (yanka) ana yin su a bangon ciki kuma an saka laparoscope (na bakin ciki, bututu mai haske) cikin ɗayan wuraren. Sauran kayan aikin za'a iya saka su ta hanya daya ko wasu mahaukata don aiwatar da hanyoyin kamar cire gabobi ko daukar samfuran nama don a duba su a karkashin madubin likita na alamun cuta.
- Laparotomy: Tiyata ce wacce ake yin tiyata (yankewa) a bangon ciki don a duba cikin ciki alamun cuta. Girman ƙwanƙarar ya dogara da dalilin da ake yin laparotomy. Wasu lokuta ana cire gabobi ko kuma a ɗauki samfurin nama a duba su ta hanyar microscope don alamun cuta.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don gano cutar sankara a ciki sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Endoscopic duban dan tayi (EUS): Hanya ce wacce ake saka endoscope a jiki, yawanci ta bakin ko dubura. Ganin ƙarshen abu mai nauyi ne, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Ana amfani da bincike a ƙarshen endoscope don tayar da raƙuman sauti mai ƙarfi (duban dan tayi) daga kayan ciki ko gabobin ciki kuma suyi amo. Eararrawa ta haifar da hoton kayan jikin da ake kira sonogram. Wannan hanya ana kiranta endosonography.
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Wani nau'ikan sikanin radionuclide da aka yi amfani da shi don gano ciwace-ciwan hanji. Smallananan ƙaramin octreotide na rediyo (wani hormone wanda ke haɗuwa da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta) ana yi masa allura a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Rakiton octreotide yana haɗuwa da ƙari kuma ana amfani da kyamara ta musamman da ke gano aikin rediyo don nuna inda ciwace-ciwacen suke a jiki. Ana amfani da wannan aikin don bincika ƙwayoyin cuta na tsibirin.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Yin jiyya game da ƙwayar pseudopapillary na ƙwayar cuta a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari.
- Chemotherapy don ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba ko kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Jiyya na pancreatoblastoma a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari. Za'a iya yin hanyar Bulala don ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kansa na pancreas.
- Ana iya ba da magani don rage ƙwayar cuta kafin a yi tiyata. Za a iya ba da ƙarin chemotherapy bayan tiyata don manyan ciwace-ciwace, ciwace-ciwacen da ba a iya cire su da farko ta hanyar tiyata, da ciwace-ciwacen da suka bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Ana iya ba da magani don magani idan ƙari ba ya karɓar magani ko kuma ya dawo.
Kula da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da kwayoyi don magance cututtukan cututtukan da ke haifar da hormones da waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari.
- Chemotherapy da maganin da aka yi niyya (mTOR inhibitor far) don ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba ko kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da balagaggun Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Jiyya don ƙarin bayani game da cututtukan pancreatic.
Akwai karancin rahoton da ya shafi cutar sankarau a cikin yara. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Ciwon Cutar Pancreatic na Cancantar don zaɓin magani.)
Jiyya na cutar sankarau a cikin yara na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitattun kan balagaggun cututtukan Pancreatic Cancer da kuma Ciwan Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Jiyya don ƙarin bayani game da ciwan ƙura.
Canrectrect Cancer
Cutar sankarar fata cuta ce da ke yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama (kansa) a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar hanji ko dubura. Gashin ciki wani ɓangare ne na tsarin narkewar jiki. Tsarin narkewa yana cirewa da sarrafa abubuwa masu gina jiki (bitamin, ma'adanai, carbohydrates, kitse, sunadarai, da ruwa) daga abinci kuma yana taimakawa wuce kayan abu daga jiki. Tsarin narkarda abinci ya kasance ne ta cikin hanji, ciki, da kanana da manyan hanji. Hanji (babban hanji) shine sashin farko na babban hanji kuma yakai kusan kafa 5. Tare, dubura da dubura sun kasance sune bangaren karshe na babban hanji kuma tsawonsu yakai inci 6-8. Hanyar dubura ta ƙare a dubura (buɗewar babban hanji zuwa bayan jiki).
Abubuwan Hadarin, alamu da alamomin cutar, da kuma Gano da kuma Gwajin gwaji
Ciwon daji na yara na iya zama wani ɓangare na ciwo na gado. Wasu cututtukan daji na kai tsaye a cikin samari suna da alaƙa da maye gurbi wanda ke haifar da polyps (ci gaba a cikin membrane wanda yake layin cikin hanji) wanda zai iya zama kansa daga baya.
Hadarin ciwon daji na kai tsaye yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar samun wasu halaye na gado, kamar su:
- Adenomatous polyposis na iyali (FAP).
- Tenaddamar da FAP.
- Polyposis hade da MUTYH.
- Ciwon Lynch.
- Oligopolyposis.
- Canja a cikin jigon NTHL1.
- Ciwon maraba na yara.
- Ciwon Cowden.
- Peutz-Jeghers ciwo.
- Neurofibromatosis nau'in 1 (NF1).
Ciwon hanji da ke samuwa a cikin yaran da ba su da wata cuta ta gado ba su da alaƙa da haɗarin cutar kansa.
Alamomi da alamomin cutar sanƙarar yara yawanci yawanci sun dogara ne da inda kwayar take. Ciwon mara na launi na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun da alamomi masu zuwa. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Tumoshin dubura ko ƙananan hanji na iya haifar da ciwo a ciki, maƙarƙashiya, ko gudawa.
- Tumurai a cikin ɓangaren hanji a gefen hagu na jiki na iya haifar da:
- Wani dunkule a cikin ciki.
- Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
- Tashin zuciya da amai.
- Rashin ci.
- Jini a cikin buta.
- Anemia (gajiya, jiri, sauri ko bugun zuciya mara kyau, numfashi mai gajere, fataccen fata).
- Tumurai a ɓangaren ɓangaren gefen dama na jiki na iya haifar da:
- Jin zafi a ciki.
- Jini a cikin buta.
- Maƙarƙashiya ko gudawa.
- Tashin zuciya ko amai.
- Rashin nauyi ba tare da wani dalili da aka sani ba.
Sauran yanayin da ba na cutar kansa ba na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun alamun.
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da ciwan kai tsaye cikin hanji na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- X-ray na kirji.
- CT scan na kirji, ciki, da ƙashin ƙugu.
- PET scan.
- MRI.
- Binciken kashi.
- Biopsy.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantance cutar kansa ta haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Colonoscopy: Hanya ce don duba cikin dubura da hanji don polyps, wuraren al'ada, ko ciwon daji. Ana saka colonoscope ta dubura ta cikin cikin hanjin. Colonoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire polyps ko samfurin nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.
- Barium enema: Jerin x rayukan ƙananan hanyar hanji na ciki. Ana saka wani ruwa wanda yake dauke da sinadarin barium (wanda aka hada da azurfa da farin karfe) a cikin duburar. Ana ɗaukar rigunan barium ƙananan hanji na ciki kuma ana daukar rayukan rana. Ana kiran wannan aikin ƙaramin tsarin GI.
- Gwajin sihiri na sihiri: Gwaji don bincika ɗakuna (ƙazantar shara) don jini wanda kawai za'a iya ganinsa ta microscope. Ana sanya ƙananan samfuran kujeru a kan katuna na musamman kuma a mayar da su ga likita ko dakin gwaji don gwaji.
- Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC): Hanyar da za'a zana samfurin jini kuma a bincika ta mai zuwa:
- Adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelets.
- Adadin haemoglobin (furotin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen) a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin jini.
- Yankin samfurin jini ya kunshi jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
- Gwajin aikin koda: Gwaji ne wanda ake bincikar jini ko fitsarin adadi na wasu abubuwan da kodan suka saki. Yawan abu mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada na iya zama alama ce cewa kodan ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata. Wannan ana kiransa gwajin aikin koda.
- Gwajin aikin hanta : Gwajin jini don auna matakan jini na wasu abubuwa da hanta ya saki. Babban ko ƙananan matakin wasu abubuwa na iya zama alamar cutar hanta.
- Gwajin Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Gwajin da ke auna matakin CEA a cikin jini. An saki CEA a cikin jini daga ƙwayoyin kansa da na al'ada. Lokacin da aka samo shi sama da adadi na yau da kullun, yana iya zama alamar cutar kansa ko wasu yanayi.
Hangen nesa
Hangen nesa (damar dawowa) ya dogara da masu zuwa:
- Ko an cire duka kumburin ta hanyar tiyata.
- Ko cutar daji ta bazu zuwa sauran sassan jiki, kamar su lymph nodes, hanta, ƙashin ƙugu, ko ƙwai.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na cututtukan kansa na cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari idan bai bazu ba.
- Radiation radiation da chemotherapy don ciwan ciwace a cikin dubura ko ƙananan ciki.
- Haɗaɗɗiyar cutar sankara, don ciwan kansa mai saurin ciwan kansa.
- Immunotherapy tare da masu hana masu hana kariya (ipilimumab da nivolumab).
Maganin kansar kai tsaye na yara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Yaran da ke da wasu cututtukan cututtukan daji na cikin gida za a iya bi da su tare da:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ciwon hanji kafin kamuwa da cutar kansa.
- Magunguna don rage yawan polyps a cikin uwar hanji.
Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid Tumors)
Kwayoyin Neuroendocrine na iya aiki kamar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ko ƙwayoyin halitta masu yin hormone. Kwayoyin suna warwatse ko'ina cikin gabobi kamar huhu (tracheobronchial) ko kuma hanyar narkewar abinci.
Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine (gami da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta) yawanci yakan zama a cikin ruɓaɓɓen ciki ko hanji (gami da ƙarin shafi), amma za su iya samarwa a cikin wasu gabobin, kamar pancreas, huhu, ko hanta. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen yawanci kanana ne, masu saurin tafiya, da kuma rashin lafiya (ba cutar daji ba). Wasu cututtukan neuroendocrine suna da mummunan (ciwon daji) kuma suna yada zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki.
Yawancin cututtukan neuroendocrine a cikin yara suna samuwa a cikin shafi (jakar da ke fitowa daga ɓangaren farko na babban hanji kusa da ƙarshen ƙaramar hanji). Kullun ana samun ƙwayar cutar yayin aikin tiyata don cire appendix.
Alamomi da Ciwon
Alamomi da alamomin ciwan neuroendocrine sun dogara ne da inda ƙwayar ƙwayar take. Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine a cikin shafi na iya haifar da waɗannan alamu da alamomi masu zuwa:
- Ciwon ciki, musamman a ƙasan dama na ciki.
- Zazzaɓi.
- Tashin zuciya da amai.
- Gudawa.
Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine wanda baya cikin shafi zai iya sakin homonomi da sauran abubuwa. Ciwon Carcinoid da ke haifar da kwayar serotonin da sauran kwayoyin, na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun da alamun. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Redness da dumi ji a fuska, wuyansa, da kirji na sama.
- Bugun zuciya.
- Rashin numfashi.
- Ba zato ba tsammani saukar bugun jini (rashin nutsuwa, rikicewa, rauni, raɗaɗi, da kodadde, sanyi, da kuma kumburin fata).
- Gudawa.
Sauran yanayin da ba ciwan neuroendocrine ba na iya haifar da waɗannan alamu da alamomin iri ɗaya.
Gwajin Bincike da Tsayawa
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikan alamun cutar kansa don tantancewa da aiwatar da ciwan ciwan neuroendocrine. Suna iya haɗawa da:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini.
- MRI.
- PET scan.
- CT dubawa.
- Duban dan tayi.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantance cututtukan neuroendocrine sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin fitsari na awanni ashirin da hudu: Gwaji ne wanda ake tattara fitsari na tsawon awanni 24 don auna adadin wasu abubuwa, kamar su hormones. Adadin abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na abu zai iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Ana bincikar samfurin fitsari a gani ko yana dauke da 5-HIAA (wani karyewa ne na sinadarin serotonin wanda zai iya faruwa ne daga ciwan kansa). Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen gano cutar sankara.
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Wani nau'in radionuclide scan wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gano ciwace-ciwace. Smallananan ƙananan octreotide na rediyo (wani hormone wanda ke haɗuwa da ciwace-ciwacen daji) ana allura shi a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya cikin jini. Rakiton octreotide yana haɗuwa da ƙari kuma ana amfani da kyamara ta musamman da ke gano aikin rediyo don nuna inda ciwace-ciwacen suke a jiki. Ana kiran wannan aikin octreotide scan da SRS.
Hangen nesa
Hannun cututtukan neuroendocrine a cikin shafi a cikin yara yawanci suna da kyau bayan aikin tiyata don cire ƙwayar. Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine wanda ba a cikin appendix yawanci ya fi girma ko ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki a lokacin da aka gano shi kuma ba ya amsawa da kyau ga chemotherapy. Gerananan ƙari za su iya dawowa (dawo).
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya game da cututtukan neuroendocrine a cikin shafi a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙarin shafi.
Jiyya na ciwan neuroendocrine wanda ya bazu zuwa babban hanji, pancreas, ko ciki yawanci tiyata ce. Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba, ƙari mai yawa, ko ciwace-ciwacen da suka bazu na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Haɓakawa.
- Somatostatin analogue far (octreotide ko lanreotide).
- Peptide mai karɓar maganin radionuclide.
- Anyi niyya tare da mai hana cin hanci da rashawa (sunitinib) ko mai hana mTOR (everolimus).
Jiyya na ciwan ƙananan yara neuroendocrine a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Ciwon astroanƙara Ciwon Carunƙarar Ciki mai girma don ƙarin bayani.
Tananan Tromor na ciki
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (GIST) yawanci yana farawa a cikin sel a cikin bangon ciki ko hanji. GIST na iya zama mai laushi (ba kansar ba) ko mugu (kansar). GISTs na yara sun fi yawa ga 'yan mata, kuma galibi suna bayyana a cikin samartaka.
Abubuwan haɗari da alamu da cututtuka
GISTs a cikin yara ba daidai suke da GISTs a cikin manya ba. Ya kamata a ga marasa lafiya a cibiyoyin da suka kware a maganin GISTs kuma ya kamata a gwada ciwace-ciwacen don canjin yanayin. Smallananan yara suna da ciwace-ciwacen daji tare da canje-canje na asali kamar waɗanda ake samu a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya. Hadarin GIST ya karu ta hanyar rikice-rikicen kwayoyin masu zuwa:
- Carney triad.
- Raunin Carney-Stratakis.
Yawancin yara masu cutar GIST suna da ƙari a cikin ciki kuma suna samun ƙarancin jini wanda jini ke haifarwa. Alamomi da alamomin rashin jini sun hada da wadannan:
- Gajiya.
- Dizziness.
- Bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mara tsari.
- Rashin numfashi.
- Fata mai haske
Wani dunƙulen ciki ko toshewar hanji (ciwon ciki a ciki, tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, da kumburin ciki) suma alamu ne na GIST.
Sauran yanayin da ba cutan jini da aka haifar da GIST na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun da alamun.
Gwajin Bincike da Tsayawa
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincika alamun kansar don tantancewa da kuma yin GISTs. Suna iya haɗawa da:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- MRI.
- CT dubawa.
- PET scan.
- X-ray na ciki.
- Biopsy.
- Kyakkyawan fata-allura: Cirewar nama ta amfani da siririn allura.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantance GIST sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Endoscopy: Hanya ce don duba gabobi da kyallen takarda a cikin jiki don bincika yankuna marasa haɗari. An saka endoscope ta hanyar ragi (yankewa) a cikin fata ko buɗewa a cikin jiki, kamar bakin ko dubura. Ganin ƙarshen abu mai nauyi ne, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran jiki ko samfuran kumburin lymph, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cuta.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya ga yara waɗanda ke da kumburi tare da canjin canjin ɗabi'a kamar waɗanda aka samu a cikin marasa lafiya manya an tsara su ne tare da mai hana cin hanci da rashawa (imatinib ko sunitinib)
Jiyya ga yara waɗanda ciwace-ciwacen daji ba sa nuna canjin kwayar halitta na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari. Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin tiyata idan toshewar hanji ko zubar jini ya auku.
Jiyya na GIST na yau da kullun a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
- Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani na chemotherapy.
Cancers na Musamman na Tsarin Haihuwa da Fitsari
A Wannan Sashin
- Ciwon Maziyyi
- Ciwon Gwaji
- Ciwon Ciki
- Ciwon Mara da Farji
Ciwon Maziyyi
Ciwon daji na mafitsara cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamshi (cancer) ke samuwa a cikin kyallen mafitsara. Mafitsara gabobi ne mara raɗaɗi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ciki. An tsara shi kamar ƙaramin balan-balan kuma yana da bangon tsoka wanda zai ba shi damar yin girma ko ƙarami. Inyananan tubules a cikin kodan suna tacewa kuma su tsaftace jini. Suna fitar da kayan sharar gida suna yin fitsari. Fitsarin yana wucewa daga kowace koda ta wani dogon bututu da ake kira fitsari a cikin mafitsara. Miyasar fitsarin na rike fitsarin har sai ya ratsa ta cikin fitsarin sannan ya fita daga jiki.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan cutar sankarar mafitsara ita ce kansar kwayar halitta. Cellwayar sel da sauran nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan kansa da yawa ba su da yawa.
Abubuwan Hadarin, alamu da alamomin cutar, da kuma Gano da kuma Gwajin gwaji
Hadarin cutar kansa ta mafitsara ya karu a cikin yaran da aka kula da su saboda cutar kansa tare da wasu kwayoyi masu dauke da cutar, wadanda ake kira alkylating agents, wadanda suka hada da cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, da temozolomide.
Ciwon daji na mafitsara na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamu da alamomi masu zuwa. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Jini a cikin fitsari (dan tsatsa zuwa launin ja mai haske).
- Yawan yin fitsari ko jin bukatar yin fitsari ba tare da yin hakan ba.
- Jin zafi yayin fitsari.
- Ciki ko ƙananan ciwon baya.
Sauran yanayin da ba na cutar kansar mafitsara ba na iya haifar da alamu iri ɗaya.
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da matakin kansar mafitsara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- CT dubawa.
- Duban dan tayi na mafitsara.
- Biopsy.
- Cystoscopy: Hanya ce don duba cikin mafitsara da mafitsara don bincika wuraren da ba na al'ada ba. Ana saka cystoscope ta cikin fitsarin cikin mafitsara. Cystoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa. Idan ba a yi maganin cystoscopy a ganewar asali ba, ana cire samfuran nama kuma a duba su don cutar kansa yayin aikin tiyata don cire duka ko ɓangaren mafitsara.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Hangen nesa
A cikin yara, kansar mafitsara yawanci ƙananan daraja ne (ba zai yuwu ba) kuma hangen nesa yawanci yana da kyau bayan tiyata don cire ƙari.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Maganin kansar mafitsara a cikin yara yawanci abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ɓangaren mafitsara. Transurethral resection (TUR) hanya ce ta tiyata don cire nama daga mafitsara ta amfani da resectoscope da aka saka cikin mafitsara ta cikin fitsarin. Rectctoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske, ruwan tabarau don kallo, da kayan aiki don cire nama da ƙone sauran ƙwayoyin ƙari. Ana duba samfurin nama daga yankin da aka cire kumburin a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.
- Tiyata don cire mafitsara (ba safai ba).
Yi magana da likitan ɗanka game da yadda irin wannan tiyatar zata iya shafar fitsari, aikin jima'i, da haihuwa.
Maganin kansar mafitsara na yara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kulawar Ciwon Maziyyi na Bladder don ƙarin bayani.
Ciwon Gwaji
Ciwon kwayar cutar mahaifa cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ɗaya ko duka biyun. Gwaji shine gland masu kama da kwai guda 2 wadanda suke cikin kwayar halittar mahaifa (wata jakar fata wacce take kwance kai tsaye a karkashin azzakari). Ana yin gwajin kwayoyin halittar a cikin mahaifa ta igiyar maniyyi, wanda kuma ya hada da jijiyoyin jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin kwayoyin halittar.
Akwai ciwace ciwowi iri biyu:
- Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Tananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin maniyyi a cikin maza. Orswayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya zama mai laushi (ba ciwon daji ba) ko m (ciwon daji). Mafi yawan cututtukan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samari sune ƙananan teratomas da ƙananan nonseminomas. Seminomas yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin samari kuma yana da wuya a yara maza. Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Tanƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara don ƙarin bayani game da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
- Cutar ciwace-ciwace da ba kwayar cuta: Ciwace-ciwacen daji da ke farawa a cikin kyallen takarda da ke kewaye da kuma tallafar kwayar halittar. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi na iya zama marasa kyau ko mugu. Na yara granulosa cell marurai Sertoli-Leydig cell marurai iri biyu ba jam cell siffofin maruran.
Alamu da Alamomi da Gwajin Gwajin da kuma Kaddamar da Jirgin
Ciwon ƙwayar cuta da yaduwarsa zuwa wasu sassan jiki na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun alamun. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Lumɓarar mara zafi a cikin ƙwanjiji.
- Alamomin farko na balaga.
- Kara girman nono.
Lullar mara zafi a cikin ƙwanjiyi na iya zama alamar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Sauran yanayi na iya haifar da dunkulewa a cikin kwayoyin halittar.
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da kuma matakin rashin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ba zai iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- CT scan na kirji, ciki, ko ƙashin ƙugu.
- MRI na kirji, ciki, ko ƙashin ƙugu.
- Duban dan tayi.
- Biopsy. Naman da aka cire yayin aikin ana duba shi a karkashin madubin likita daga likitan kwalliya don duba alamun kansar.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantance cututtukan kwayar cutar sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin alamar cutar ƙwayar cuta: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwan da aka saki a cikin jini ta ɓangarorin jiki, kyallen takarda, ko ƙwayoyin ƙari a jiki. Wasu abubuwa suna da alaƙa da takamaiman nau'ikan cutar daji idan aka same su cikin ƙaruwa a cikin jini. Wadannan ana kiran su alamun tumor. Ana amfani da alamar alpha-fetoprotein don gano ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Hangen nesa
A cikin yara, hangen nesa yawanci yana da kyau bayan tiyata don cire ƙari.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire kumburin daga ƙwanjijin.
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙwaya ɗaya ko duka biyu.
Jiyya na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta yara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Tanƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara don ƙarin bayani game da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Ciwon Ciki
Cutar sankarar mahaifa wata cuta ce wacce ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamawa (cell) ke fitowa a cikin ƙwai. Ovaries wasu gabobi ne guda biyu a cikin tsarin haihuwar mace. Suna cikin ƙashin ƙugu, ɗaya a kowane gefen mahaifa (rami, gaɓaɓɓiyar siffar pear inda ɗan tayi ya girma). Kowane kwayayen kwatankwacin girman almond da siffar almond a cikin mace baliga. Kwai ke samar da kwai da homonin mata (sinadarai masu kula da yadda wasu kwayoyi ko sassan jiki suke aiki).
Yawancin cututtukan ƙwayar mace a cikin yara ba su da kyau (ba ciwon daji ba). Suna faruwa galibi a cikin mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 19.
Akwai nau'ikan da ke tattare da cutar kansa ta kansar mace:
- Mwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: umananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke farawa cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwai a cikin mata. Waɗannan sune cututtukan ƙwayar ovarian da suka fi dacewa a cikin 'yan mata. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kula da Tanƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara don ƙarin bayani game da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara.)
- Cutar cututtukan epithelial: umumosu waɗanda ke farawa a cikin jikin da ke rufe ƙwan ciki. Waɗannan sune ƙari na biyu da suka fi dacewa a jikin arianan mata.
- Ciwan kumburin Stromal: Ciwan da ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin stromal, wanda ke samar da kyallen takarda wanda ke zagaye da tallafawa ƙwai. Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara da ƙwayar cuta ta Sertoli-Leydig sune ƙwayoyin cuta iri biyu.
- Cinaramin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwai: Ciwon daji wanda ke farawa a cikin ƙwai kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu zuwa cikin ciki, ƙashin ƙugu, ko wasu sassan jiki. Irin wannan ciwon sankarar kwan mace yana saurin girma kuma yana da mummunan hangen nesa.
Abubuwan Hadarin, alamu da alamomin cutar, da kuma Gano da kuma Gwajin gwaji
Hadarin ciwon sankarar kwan mace ya karu ta hanyar samun daya daga cikin wadannan halaye masu zuwa:
- Cutar Ollier (cuta ce da ke haifar da ciwan mahaifa a ƙarshen dogon ƙasusuwa).
- Ciwon Maffucci (cuta ce da ke haifar da ciwan mahaifa a ƙarshen dogon ƙasusuwa da jijiyoyin jini a cikin fata).
- Ciwon Peutz-Jeghers (cuta ce da ke haifar da polyps a cikin hanji da kuma duhun duhu ya zama a baki da yatsu).
- Pleuropulmonary blastoma syndrome (cuta da ke iya haifar da nephroma, cysts a cikin huhu, matsalolin thyroid, da sauran ciwon daji na koda, ovary, da nama mai laushi).
- DICER1 ciwo (cuta ce da ka iya haifar da ciwo, polyps a cikin hanji, da ciwace ciwan ƙwai, mahaifar mahaifa, ƙwarji, koda, kwakwalwa, ido, da rufin huhu).
Ciwon daji na ovarian na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan alamun da alamun. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Jin zafi ko kumburi a ciki.
- Wani dunkule a cikin ciki.
- Maƙarƙashiya
- Mai raɗaɗi ko rashi lokacin haila.
- Zubar jinin al'ada ta al'ada.
- Halayen jima'i na maza, kamar gashin kai na jiki ko murya mai zurfin gaske.
- Alamomin farko na balaga.
Sauran yanayin da ba ciwon sankarar mahaifar mace ba na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun alamun.
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da matakin cutar sankarar jakar kwai na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- CT dubawa.
- MRI.
- Duban dan tayi.
- Biopsy. Naman da aka cire yayin aikin ana duba shi a karkashin madubin likita daga likitan kwalliya don duba alamun kansar.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantance cututtukan ƙwayar mace sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin alamar cutar ƙwayar cuta: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwan da aka saki a cikin jini ta ɓangarorin jiki, kyallen takarda, ko ƙwayoyin ƙari a jiki. Wasu abubuwa suna da alaƙa da takamaiman nau'ikan cutar daji idan aka same su cikin ƙaruwa a cikin jini. Wadannan ana kiran su alamun tumor. Ana amfani da alamomin ƙari alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), CEA, CA-125, da sauransu don bincika kansar mahaifa.
Yayin aikin tiyata don cire kumburin, za a binciki ruwan ciki don alamun kansar.
Hangen nesa
Cutar sankarar epithelial na Ovaria yawanci ana samun ta a farkon matakin yara kuma tana da saukin magani fiye da marasa lafiyar manya.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na cututtukan ƙwayar mace a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata.
Jiyya na cutar sankara a cikin yara na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Tiyata.
- Radiation far.
- Chemotherapy.
Jiyya game da cututtukan ƙwayoyin ciki , ciki har da ƙananan ƙwayoyin granulosa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin saltoli-Leydig, a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙwayar ƙwarya ɗaya da bututun mahaifa don cutar kansa ta farkon.
- Yin aikin tiyata tare da chemotherapy don ciwon daji wanda ya ci gaba.
- Chemotherapy don ciwon daji wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo).
Jiyya na ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwai na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata da ke bi da cutar sankara da babban ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da ceton ƙwayar salula.
- Target din da aka yi niyya (tazemetostat).
Jiyya na cutar sankarar mahaifa a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Duba taƙaitawar mai zuwa don ƙarin bayani:
- Yarinyar racwararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar Childhoodananan Yara
- Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, da kuma Primary Peritoneal Cancer Treatment
- Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Jiyya
Ciwon Mara da Farji
Cutar sankarar mahaifa cuta ce da ke saurin haifarda ƙwayoyin cuta (cervix) a cikin mahaifa. Erfin mahaifa shi ne ƙananan, ƙuntataccen ƙarshen mahaifa (rami, ɓangaren jikin ɗan pear inda jariri yake girma). Mahaifa yana kaiwa daga mahaifa zuwa farji (hanyar haihuwa). Ciwon daji na azzakari cikin farji. Farji ita ce magudanar ruwa daga wuyan mahaifa zuwa bayan jiki. Lokacin haihuwa, jariri yakan wuce ta jiki ta cikin farji (wanda ake kira mashigar haihuwar).
Mafi yawan alamun cutar sankarar mahaifa da na farji ita ce zubar jini daga farjin mace. Sauran yanayi na iya haifar da zubar jini ta farji. Yara yawanci ana bincikar su da cutar ci gaba.
Gwajin Bincike da Tsayawa
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da ciwan sankarar mahaifa da na farji na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- Duban dan tayi.
- MRI.
- CT dubawa.
- Biopsy. Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na transvaginal shine cire nama ta amfani da allura wanda aka duba ta hanyar duban dan tayi.
- Binciken kashi.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantance cututtukan mahaifa da na farji sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin alamar cutar ƙwayar cuta: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu abubuwan da aka saki a cikin jini ta ɓangarorin jiki, kyallen takarda, ko ƙwayoyin ƙari a jiki. Wasu abubuwa suna da alaƙa da takamaiman nau'ikan cutar daji idan aka same su cikin ƙaruwa a cikin jini. Wadannan ana kiran su alamun tumor.
- Gwajin PAP: Hanya ce don tattara ƙwayoyin daga farcen mahaifa da farji. Ana amfani da wani auduga, buroshi, ko ƙaramin sanda na katako don sassauta ƙwayoyin halitta a wuyan mahaifa da farji. Ana duba kwayoyin a karkashin wani madubin likita don gano idan basuda matsala. Ana kiran wannan aikin a Pap smear.
- Cystoscopy: Hanya ce don duba cikin mafitsara da mafitsara don bincika wuraren da ba na al'ada ba. Ana saka cystoscope ta cikin fitsarin cikin mafitsara. Cystoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallo. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.
- Proctoscopy: Hanya ce da za'a duba cikin dubura da dubura don bincika yankuna mara kyau, ta amfani da proctoscope. Proctoscope kayan aiki ne na bakin ciki, mai kama da bututu tare da haske da ruwan tabarau don kallon ciki na dubura da dubura. Hakanan yana iya samun kayan aiki don cire samfuran nama, waɗanda aka bincika a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun cutar kansa.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Kula da cututtukan mahaifa da na sankarar farji na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire mafi yawan cutar kansa kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan a bi ta hanyar maganin fuka-fuka, idan ƙwayoyin kansa suna ci gaba bayan aikin tiyata ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph.
- Hakanan ana iya amfani da Chemotherapy amma har yanzu ba a san yadda wannan magani yake aiki ba.
Maganin kansar mahaifa da na farji a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Sauran Kananan Cancers na Yara
A Wannan Sashin
- Endarin Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
- Pheochromocytoma da Paraganglioma
- Ciwon Skin (Melanoma, amwayar cerwayar Cancer, Basal Cell Cancer)
- Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma
- Chordoma
- Ciwon daji na Yankin Firamare Ba a sani ba
Endarin Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Maganin cututtukan neoplasia (MEN) masu yawa cututtukan gado ne waɗanda suka shafi tsarin endocrin. Tsarin endocrin ya kunshi gland da sel wanda ke yin homoni kuma ya sake su cikin jini. Cutar cututtukan MEN na iya haifar da hyperplasia (haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa) ko ciwace-ciwacen da za su iya zama marasa lafiya (ba ciwon daji ba) ko mugu (kansar).
Akwai nau'ikan cutar ta maza da yawa kuma kowane nau'i na iya haifar da yanayi daban-daban ko cutar kansa. Canjin yanayi a cikin RET gene galibi ana danganta shi da medullary thyroid cancer a cikin cutar MEN2. Idan ana tsammanin kamuwa da cutar ta MEN2 ga yaron ko kuma an gano wani ɗan uwansa da cutar ta MEN2, ya kamata iyaye su karɓi shawara kan ƙwayoyin halitta kafin a yi gwajin ƙwayar halittar yaron. Bayar da shawara kan kwayar halitta ya hada da tattaunawa game da haɗarin cutar ta MEN2 ga yaro da sauran danginsa.
Manyan nau'ikan cututtukan MEN sune MEN1 da MEN2:
MEN1 ciwo kuma ana kiranta Wermer syndrome. Wannan cututtukan yakan haifar da ciwace-ciwace a cikin ƙwayar parathyroid, gland, ko ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙoshin mara. Ana gano cutar ta MEN1 a yayin da aka sami ciwace-ciwace a cikin waɗannan gland ko gabobi biyu. Hangen nesa (damar dawowa) yawanci mai kyau ne.
Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen na iya yin ƙarin hormones kuma suna haifar da wasu alamu ko alamomin cutar. Alamomin da alamomin sun dogara da nau'in homon da kumburi yayi. Wani lokaci babu alamu ko alamomin cutar kansa.
Mafi yawan yanayin da ke tattare da cututtukan MEN1 shine hyperparathyroidism. Alamomi da alamun cutar hyperparathyroidism (yawancin kwayar parathyroid) sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Samun dutsen koda.
- Jin rauni ko gajiya sosai.
- Ciwon ƙashi
Sauran yanayin da ke tattare da ciwo na MEN1 da alamomin su na yau da kullun sune:
- Penitary adenoma (ciwon kai, rashin jinnu yayin ko bayan balaga, yin madara nono ba gaira ba dalili).
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine marurai (ƙarancin sukari a cikin jini [rauni, rashin sani, ko sume], ciwon ciki, amai, da gudawa).
Hakanan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na gland, bronchi, thymus, nama na fibrous, ko ƙwayoyin mai mai ƙila zasu iya faruwa.
Yaran da ke da hyperparathyroidism na farko, ciwace-ciwacen da ke da alaƙa da cutar MEN1, ko tarihin iyali na hypercalcemia ko ciwo na MEN1 na iya samun gwajin kwayar halitta don bincika maye gurbi (canji) a cikin kwayar MEN1. Iyaye ya kamata su karɓi shawara kan kwayoyin halitta (tattaunawa tare da ƙwararren ƙwararren masani game da haɗarin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta) kafin a yi gwajin ƙirar. Bayar da shawara game da kwayar halitta ya hada da tattaunawa game da haɗarin cutar ta MEN1 ga yaro da sauran danginsa.
Yaran da suka kamu da cutar ta MEN1 ana duba su don alamun kansar farawa tun suna shekaru 5 kuma suna ci gaba har ƙarshen rayuwarsu. Yi magana da likitan ɗanka game da gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don bincika alamun kansar da sau nawa ya kamata a yi su.
Ciwon MEN2 ya haɗa da manyan rukuni biyu: MEN2A da MEN2B.
- MEN2A ciwo
MEN2A ciwo kuma ana kiransa Sipple syndrome. Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta MEN2A lokacin da mai haƙuri ko iyayen marasa lafiya, 'yan'uwa,' yan'uwa mata, ko yara ke da biyu ko fiye da haka:
- Medullary thyroid cancer (ciwon daji wanda ke samuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin C a cikin maganin karoid). Alamomi da alamomin cutar kansa na ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da:
- Wani dunkule a cikin makogwaro ko wuya.
- Rashin numfashi.
- Matsalar haɗiye.
- Rashin tsufa.
- Pheochromocytoma (wani ƙari na adrenal gland). Alamomi da cututtukan pheochromocytoma na iya haɗawa da:
- Jin zafi a ciki ko kirji.
- Strongarfin zuciya, mai ƙarfi, ko mara kyau.
- Ciwon kai.
- Gumi mai nauyi ba tare da san dalili ba.
- Dizziness.
- Jin girgiza.
- Kasancewa mai saurin fushi ko jin tsoro.
- Parathyroid gland cuta (wani ciwo mai mahimmanci na gland na parathyroid ko ƙara girman girman glandon parathyroid). Alamomi da alamomin cutar parathyroid na iya haɗawa da:
- Hypercalcemia.
- Jin zafi a ciki, gefe, ko baya wanda baya wucewa.
- Jin zafi a cikin kasusuwa.
- Kashin da ya karye.
- Wani dunkule a wuya.
- Matsalar magana.
- Matsalar haɗiye.
Wasu cututtukan cututtukan thyroid da ke faruwa tare da cutar Hirschsprung (maƙarƙashiyar da ke farawa lokacin da yaro ya kasance jariri), wanda aka samo shi a cikin wasu iyalai masu cutar MEN2A. Cutar Hirschsprung na iya bayyana kafin sauran alamun cutar MEN2A. Dole ne a binciki marasa lafiyar da ke da cutar Hirschsprung don canjin canjin RET waɗanda ke da alaƙa da medullary thyroid cancer da MEN2A syndrome.
Magungunan medullary carcinoma na thyroid (FMTC) wani nau'in ciwo ne na MEN2A wanda ke haifar da cutar sankara ta thyroid. Za'a iya yin ganewar asali na FMTC yayin da membobi biyu ko sama da ɗaya na dangi suka kamu da cutar sankara kuma babu dangin da ke da matsalar parathyroid ko gland.
- Ciwon MEN2B
Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na MEN2B na iya samun siririn jiki wanda ke ginawa tare da dogaye, sirara hannu da ƙafa. Lebba na iya bayyana da girma da kuma kuzari saboda ciwace-ciwace marasa kyau a cikin ƙwayoyin mucous. Ciwon MEN2B na iya haifar da yanayi masu zuwa:
- Medullary thyroid cancer (saurin girma).
- Parathyroid cutar hyperplasia.
- Adenomas.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Ciwan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin ƙwayoyin mucous ko wasu wurare.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantancewa da kuma aiwatar da cututtukan MEN sun dogara ne da alamu da alamomin da kuma tarihin dangin mai haƙuri. Suna iya haɗawa da:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- Nazarin ilimin sunadarai na jini.
- Duban dan tayi.
- MRI.
- CT dubawa.
- PET scan.
- -Arancin allura mai kyau (FNA) ko kuma biopsy na tiyata.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don tantance cututtukan MEN sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin kwayar halitta: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda ake bincikar kwayoyin halitta ko nama don neman canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya zama alama ce cewa mutum yana da ko kuma yana cikin haɗarin samun takamaiman cuta ko yanayi. Ana bincikar samfurin jini don kwayar MEN1 don gano cutar ta MEN1 da kuma kwayar RET don gano cutar ta MEN2.
- Nazarin hormone na jini: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu kwayoyin halittar da aka saki a cikin jini ta gabobi da kayan aiki a jiki. Adadin abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na abu zai iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Hakanan za'a iya bincika jinin don matakan girma na calcitonin na hormone ko parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Thyroid scan: Ana haɗiye ko allura wani ɗan ƙaramin abu mai tasirin rediyo. Kayan rediyo suna tattarawa a cikin ƙwayoyin glandar thyroid. Wata kyamarar ta musamman wacce aka haɗa ta da kwamfuta tana gano hasken da aka ba da kuma yin hotunan da ke nuna yadda glandar take da kuma ayyukanta ko kuma cutar kansa ta bazu fiye da glandar. Idan adadin homonin mai kara kuzari a cikin jinin yaro ya yi ƙasa, za a iya yin hoton don yin hotunan kawancin kafin aikin tiyata.
- Sestamibi scan: Wani nau'i ne na radionuclide scan wanda aka yi amfani dashi don gano gland na parathyroid. Veryananan ƙaramin abu mai tasirin rediyo mai suna technetium 99 ana masa allura a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini zuwa ga gland ɗin parathyroid. Abun rediyo zai tattara a cikin gland na aiki kuma ya nuna haske akan kyamara ta musamman wacce ke gano tasirin rediyo.
- Samfurin veous don yawan gland na parathyroid: Tsarin da ake ɗauke da jini daga jijiyoyin kusa da gland na parathyroid. Ana bincika samfurin don auna adadin homon na parathyroid da aka saki cikin jini ta kowace gland. Za'a iya yin samfurin jini idan gwajin jini ya nuna akwai glandon parathyroid mai yawan aiki amma gwajin hoto bai nuna wanne ne ba.
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Wani nau'in radionuclide scan wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gano ciwace-ciwace. Smallananan ƙananan octreotide na rediyo (wani hormone wanda ke haɗuwa da ciwace-ciwacen daji) ana allura shi a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya cikin jini. Rikicin octreotide yana haɗuwa da ƙari kuma ana amfani da kyamara ta musamman da ke gano aikin rediyo don nuna ko akwai ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin pancreas. Ana kiran wannan aikin octreotide scan da SRS.
- MIBG scan: Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don gano ƙwayoyin neuroendocrine, kamar pheochromocytoma. Wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne wanda ake kira MIBG na rediyoaktif ana saka shi a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kwayoyin ƙari na Neuroendocrine suna ɗaukar MIBG na radiyo kuma ana yin amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu. Ana iya ɗaukar sikan sama da kwanaki 1-3. Za'a iya bada maganin iodine kafin ko yayin gwajin don kiyaye glandar thyroid daga yawan shan MIBG.
- Gwajin fitsari na awanni ashirin da hudu: Hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don tantance ciwace ciwan neuroendocrine, kamar su pheochromocytoma. Ana tattara fitsari na awanni 24 don auna adadin catecholamines a cikin fitsarin. Ana kuma auna abubuwan da lalacewar waɗannan catecholamines ya haifar. Adadin abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) na abu zai iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Mafi girma fiye da adadin al'ada na iya zama alamar cutar pheochromocytoma.
- Gwajin motsa jiki na Pentagastrin: Gwaji ne wanda ake bincika samfuran jini don auna adadin calcitonin a cikin jini. Alluran glyconate da pentagastrin ana saka su a cikin jini sannan ana ɗaukar samfarin jini da yawa a cikin mintuna 5 masu zuwa. Idan matakin calcitonin a cikin jini ya ƙaru, yana iya zama alama ce ta medullary thyroid cancer.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Akwai nau'o'in cututtukan MEN da yawa, kuma kowane nau'i na iya buƙatar magani daban-daban:
- Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na MEN1 ana kula dasu don parathyroid, pancreatic, da ciwace-ciwacen pituitary.
- Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na MEN1 da ƙananan cututtukan cututtuka na iya yin tiyata don cire aƙalla glandon parathyroid da thymus.
- Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na MEN2A yawanci ana yin tiyata don cire taroid daga shekaru 5 zuwa sama ko a baya idan gwajin kwayoyin ya nuna wasu canje-canje a cikin kwayar RET. Ana yin tiyatar ne don gano cutar kansa ko rage damar da kansa zai iya yaɗuwa ko yaɗuwa.
- Yaran da ke fama da ciwo na MEN2B na iya yin tiyata don cire maganin ka don rage damar da kansa zai iya yi ko yaɗuwa.
- Yaran da ke fama da ciwo na MEN2B waɗanda ke da ƙwayar cutar ta thyroid za a iya bi da su tare da maganin da aka yi niyya (mai hana kinase da ake kira vandetanib).
Kula da marasa lafiya tare da cutar Hirschsprung kuma wasu canje-canje na kwayar RET sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Jimlar jimillar maganin kawancen jiki don rage damar da cutar sankara za ta samu.
Kula da cututtukan MEN na yau da kullun a cikin yara na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Pheochromocytoma da Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma ƙananan ciwace-ciwace ne waɗanda suka fito daga nau'in jijiyar jiki iri ɗaya. Yawancin waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen ba ciwon daji ba ne.
- Pheochromocytoma yana samuwa a cikin gland adrenal. Akwai gland din adrenal guda biyu, daya a saman kowacce koda a bayan ciki na sama. Kowane gland shine yake da bangare biyu. Launin waje na gland din adrenal shine guntun adrenal. Tsakanin adrenal gland shine adrenal medulla. Pheochromocytoma wani ƙari ne na adrenal medulla.
Glanden adrenal suna yin mahimmin hormones wanda ake kira catecholamines. Adrenaline (epinephrine) da noradrenaline (norepinephrine) nau'ikan catecholamine ne guda biyu wadanda suke taimakawa wajen magance bugun zuciya, hawan jini, suga, da kuma yadda jiki ke amsa damuwa. Wasu pheochromocytomas suna sakin ƙarin adrenaline da noradrenaline cikin jini kuma suna haifar da alamomi.
- Paraganglioma yana fitowa a wajen gland na adrenal kusa da jijiyar carotid, tare da hanyoyin jijiya a kai da wuya, da sauran sassan jiki. Wasu paragangliomas suna yin karin catecholamines da ake kira adrenaline da noradrenaline. Sakin ƙarin adrenaline da noradrenaline cikin jini na iya haifar da alamomi.
Abubuwan Hadarin, alamu da alamomin cutar, da kuma Gano da kuma Gwajin gwaji
Duk wani abu da zai kara muku damar kamuwa da cuta to ana kiransa mai hadari. Samun haɗarin haɗari ba yana nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa ba; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitan ɗanka idan kana tunanin ɗanka na cikin haɗari.
Hadarin cutar pheochromocytoma ko paraganglioma yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar samun ɗayan cututtukan gado masu zuwa ko canjin kwayar halitta:
- Mahara nau'in endoprine neoplasia nau'in 1 (MEN1) ciwo. Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gland na parathyroid, gland, pituitary, ko ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin pancreas, kuma da wuya, pheochromocytoma.
- Yawancin cututtukan cututtukan endoprine na 2A. Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, da parathyroid gland cuta.
- Yawancin cututtukan cututtukan endocrine neoplasia 2B. Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, parathyroid hyperplasia, da sauran yanayi.
- von cutar Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, hemangioblastoma, bayyananniyar kwayar cutar sankara, ciwon daji na neuroendocrine, da sauran yanayi.
- Neurofibromatosis nau'in 1 (NF1). Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da neurofibromas, ciwukan ƙwaƙwalwa, pheochromocytoma, da sauran yanayi.
- Carney-Stratakis dyad. Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da paraganglioma da ciwon ciki na ciki (GIST).
- Carney triad. Wannan ciwo na iya haɗawa da paraganglioma, GIST, da na huhu na ciki.
- Pheochromocytoma na iyali ko paraganglioma.
Fiye da rabin yara da samari da aka gano da cutar pheochromocytoma ko paraganglioma suna da cututtukan da suka gada ko canjin halittar da ke ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa. Bayar da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta (tattaunawa tare da kwararren masani game da cututtukan da aka gada) da gwaji wani muhimmin bangare ne na shirin maganin.
Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi ba sa yin ƙarin adrenaline ko noradrenaline kuma ba sa haifar da alamu. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen na iya samun lokacin da kumburi ya samu a wuya ko lokacin da aka yi gwaji ko hanya don wani dalili. Alamomi da cututtukan pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma suna faruwa yayin da adrenaline mai yawa ko noradrenaline aka saki cikin jini. Wadannan da sauran cututtukan na iya haifar da cutar pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, ko wasu yanayi. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Hawan jini.
- Ciwon kai.
- Gumi mai nauyi ba tare da san dalili ba.
- Strongarfin zuciya, mai ƙarfi, ko mara kyau.
- Jin girgiza.
- Kasancewa mai kodadde.
- Dizziness.
- Kasancewa mai saurin fushi ko jin tsoro.
Waɗannan alamu da alamomin na iya zuwa su tafi amma hawan jini zai iya faruwa na dogon lokaci a cikin matasa marasa lafiya. Waɗannan alamu da alamomin na iya faruwa tare da motsa jiki, rauni, maganin sa barci, tiyata don cire ƙari, cin abinci kamar su cakulan da cuku, ko yayin wucewar fitsari (idan ƙari yana cikin mafitsara).
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don tantancewa da kuma matakin pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma sun dogara ne da alamu da alamomin da kuma tarihin dangin mai haƙuri. Suna iya haɗawa da:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- PET scan.
- CT scan (CAT scan).
- MRI (hoton maganadisu).
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don tantance pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin marasa kwayar cutar Plasma: Gwajin jini wanda yake auna adadin metanephrines a cikin jini. Metanephrines abubuwa ne da ake yi yayin da jiki ya farfasa adrenaline ko noradrenaline. Pheochromocytomas da paragangliomas na iya yin adrenaline da noradrenaline da yawa kuma suna haifar da babban matakan metanephrines a cikin jini da fitsari.
- Nazarin catecholamine na jini: Aikin da ake bincikar samfurin jini don auna adadin wasu catecholamines (adrenaline ko noradrenaline) da aka saki cikin jini. Ana kuma auna abubuwan da lalacewar waɗannan catecholamines ya haifar. Wani abu mai ban mamaki (mafi girma ko ƙasa da al'ada) abu na iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke sa ta. Mafi girma fiye da adadin al'ada na iya zama alamar cutar pheochromocytoma ko paraganglioma.
- Gwajin fitsari na awanni ashirin da hudu: Gwaji ne wanda ake tattara fitsari na tsawon awanni 24 don auna adadin catecholamines (adrenaline ko noradrenaline) ko metanephrines a cikin fitsarin. Ana kuma auna abubuwan da lalacewar waɗannan catecholamines ya haifar. Adadin abu na yau da kullun (mafi girma fiye da al'ada) na iya zama alamar cuta a cikin gaɓaɓɓiyar jiki ko nama da ke yin ta. Mafi girma fiye da adadin al'ada na iya zama alamar cutar pheochromocytoma ko paraganglioma.
- MIBG scan: Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don gano ƙwayoyin neuroendocrine, kamar pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma. Wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne wanda ake kira MIBG na rediyoaktif ana saka shi a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya ta cikin jini. Kwayoyin ƙari na Neuroendocrine suna ɗaukar MIBG na radiyo kuma ana yin amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu. Ana iya ɗaukar sikan sama da kwanaki 1-3. Za'a iya bada maganin iodine kafin ko yayin gwajin don kiyaye glandar thyroid daga yawan shan MIBG.
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Wani nau'in radionuclide scan wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gano ciwace-ciwace. Smallananan ƙananan octreotide na rediyo (wani hormone wanda ke haɗuwa da ciwace-ciwacen daji) ana allura shi a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya cikin jini. Rakiton octreotide yana haɗuwa da ƙari kuma ana amfani da kyamara ta musamman da ke gano aikin rediyo don nuna inda ciwace-ciwacen suke a jiki. Ana kiran wannan aikin octreotide scan da SRS.
- Gwajin kwayar halitta: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda ake bincikar kwayoyin halitta ko nama don neman canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya zama alama ce cewa mutum yana da ko kuma yana cikin haɗarin samun takamaiman cuta ko yanayi. Wadannan sune kwayoyin halittar da za'a iya gwada su ga yara masu cutar pheochromocytoma ko paraganglioma: VHL, NF1, RET, SDHD, SDHB, SDHA, MAX, da TMEM127.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari gaba daya.
- Haɗuwa da cutar sankara, babban magani na 131I-MIBG, ko maganin da aka yi niyya don ciwace-ciwacen da suka bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Kafin yin tiyata, ana ba da magungunan ƙwayoyi tare da alpha-blockers don sarrafa hawan jini da beta-masu toshe bugun zuciya. Idan aka cire duka biyun adrenal, ana bukatar maganin rayuwa na tsawon rai don maye gurbin homonin da gland adrenal yayi bayan tiyata.
Jiyya na maimaita cutar pheochromocytoma da paraganglioma a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin 131I-MIBG.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin farfadowa tare da mai hanawa na DNA methyltransferase.
Ciwon Skin (Melanoma, amwayar cerwayar Cancer, Basal Cell Cancer)
Ciwon kansa shine cuta wanda ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamawa (fata) ke fitowa a cikin fatar cikin fata. Fata ita ce mafi girman sashin jiki. Yana kare zafi, hasken rana, rauni, da kamuwa da cuta. Fata kuma na taimakawa wajen sarrafa zafin jiki da adana ruwa, mai, da bitamin D. Fatar tana da yadudduka da yawa, amma manyan layukan biyu sune epidermis (na sama ko na waje) da na fata (ƙananan ko na ciki). Ciwon kansa yana farawa a cikin epidermis, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku:
- Melanocytes: An samo shi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren epidermis, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yin melanin, alamar da ke ba fata launi irin ta yau da kullun. Lokacin da fatar ta shiga rana, melanocytes na yin karin launi kuma yana sa fatar ta yi duhu.
- Kwayoyin squamous: Kwayoyin sirara, madaidaiciya waɗanda ke samar da saman saman epidermis.
- Basal sel: Kwayoyin da ke zagaye a ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Akwai nau'ikan cutar kansa guda uku:
- Melanoma.
- Cutar sankara ta fata.
- Basal cell ciwon daji.
Melanoma
Kodayake melanoma ba safai ake samun sa ba, amma shine cutar kansa mafi yawan yara. Yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin samari masu shekaru 15 zuwa 19.
Hadarin ciwon melanoma yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar samun yanayi masu zuwa:
- Giant melanocytic nevi (manyan tabo baƙi, waɗanda zasu iya rufe akwati da cinya).
- Neurocutaneous melanosis (congenital melanocytic nevi a cikin fata da kwakwalwa).
- Xeroderma pigmentosum.
- Raunin retinoblastoma.
- Tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana.
Sauran abubuwan haɗarin haɗarin melanoma a cikin dukkanin rukunin shekaru sun haɗa da:
- Samun fata mai kyau, wanda ya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Fata mai kyau wacce tayi freckles kuma take konewa cikin sauki, baya tanti, ko kuma yayi rauni sosai.
- Shuɗi ko kore ko wasu idanu masu launin haske.
- Ja ko gashi mai haske.
- Kasancewa ga hasken rana na halitta ko hasken rana na wucin gadi (kamar daga gadajen tanning) tsawon lokaci.
- Samun manyan ƙananan mora da yawa.
- Samun tarihin iyali ko tarihin mutum na al'aura daban-daban (atypical nevus syndrome).
- Samun tarihin iyali na melanoma.
Alamomi da alamomin cutar melanoma sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Mole cewa:
- canje-canje a cikin girma, siffa, ko launi.
- yana da gefuna mara iyaka ko kan iyaka.
- yafi launi daya.
- asymmetrical ne (idan kwayar halittar ta kasu kashi biyu, rabi biyu sun banbanta a girma ko sura).
- ƙaiƙayi.
- oozes, jini, ko kuma an ulcerated (wani yanayi wanda saman fata ya karye kuma nama a ƙasa ya nuna ta).
- Canja launin fata (launuka) masu launi.
- Tauraron dan adam (sabon moles wanda ya girma kusa da wata kwayar halitta da take).
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da matakin melanoma na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- X-ray na kirji.
- CT dubawa.
- MRI.
- PET scan.
- Duban dan tayi.
Dubi Babban Bayanin Bayani don bayanin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don tantance melanoma sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin fata: Likita ko nas suna duba fata don kumburi ko tabo waɗanda ba su da kyau a launi, girma, siffa, ko yanayin rubutu.
- Biopsy: Dukka ko wani ɓangare na ɓarke-duben da ba shi da kyau ana yanke shi daga fata kuma ana duba shi ta hanyar microscope ta hanyar masanin ilimin ɗan adam don bincika ƙwayoyin kansa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan fata guda hudu:
- Shave biopsy: Ana amfani da reza mai aski don “aske” haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.
- Punch biopsy: Ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da ake kira punch ko trephine don cire da'irar nama daga haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.
- Gwajin Injiniya: An yi amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire wani ɓangare na haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.
- Exisional biopsy: Ana amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire dukkan ci gaban.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Cire shingen lymph kumburi a lokacin tiyata. Lymph node na sentinel shine farkon kumburin lymph a cikin rukuni na ƙwayoyin lymph don karɓar magudanan ruwa daga ƙwayar farko. Shine kumburin lymph na farko da mai cutar kansa zai iya yaduwa daga farkon ƙari. Ana yin allurar radiyo da / ko shuɗi mai launi kusa da ƙari. Abun ko fenti yana gudana ta cikin bututun lymph zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph. An cire kumburin lymph na farko don karɓar abu ko fenti. Kwararren likitan kwalliya yana kallon naman a ƙarƙashin madubin likita don neman ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan ba a sami ƙwayoyin kansa ba, ba lallai ba ne a cire ƙarin ƙwayoyin lymph. Wani lokaci, ana samun kumburin lymph kumburi a cikin fiye da rukuni ɗaya.
- Lymph node dissection: Tsarin aikin tiyata wanda aka cire ƙwayoyin lymph kuma ana bincika samfurin nama a ƙarƙashin microscope don alamun kansar. Don rarrabawar lymph node yanki, an cire wasu ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin yankin ƙari. Don rarrabawar lymph node rarraba, yawancin ko duk ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin yankin ƙari an cire su. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kwayar cutar lymphadenectomy.
Jiyya na Melanoma
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na melanoma wanda bai bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ko wasu sassan jiki ya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin tiyata don cire ƙari da wasu lafiyayyun nama kusa da shi.
Jiyya na melanoma wanda ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa ya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari da lymph nodes tare da ciwon daji.
- Immunotherapy tare da masu hana masu hana kariya (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, da nivolumab).
- Anyi niyya tare da masu hana BRAF (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, umerafenib) shi kaɗai ko tare da masu hana MEK (trametinib, binimetinib).
Jiyya na melanoma wanda ya bazu bayan ƙwayoyin lymph na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Immunotherapy (ipilimumab).
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin maganin maganin baka (dabrafenib) a cikin yara da matasa.
Jiyya na melanoma na yau da kullun a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
- Gwajin gwaji na maganin rigakafi tare da masu hana kariya (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab) a cikin yara da matasa.
Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Ciwon Melanoma mai girma don ƙarin bayani.
Amwayar amarfin andwayar Halitta da Ciwon Skin Cellarƙwara
Cutar cututtukan fata na nonmelanoma (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta) suna da matukar wuya ga yara da matasa. Hadarin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Kasancewa ga hasken rana na halitta ko hasken rana na wucin gadi (kamar daga gadajen tanning) tsawon lokaci.
- Samun fata mai kyau, wanda ya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Fata mai kyau wacce tayi freckles kuma take konewa cikin sauki, baya tanti, ko kuma yayi rauni sosai.
- Shuɗi ko kore ko wasu idanu masu launin haske.
- Ja ko gashi mai haske.
- Samun actinic keratosis.
- Samun ciwon Gorlin.
- Maganin da ya gabata tare da radiation.
- Samun rashin karfin garkuwar jiki.
Alamomin sel mai yaduwa da ciwon daji na fata sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Ciwon da baya warkewa.
- Yankunan fata sune:
- Smallananan, tashe, mai santsi, mai sheki, da kakin zuma.
- Arami, mai tashe, da ja ko ja-ja-ja-jaja.
- Lebur, m, ja ko launin ruwan kasa, da fure.
- Scaly, zubar jini, ko ɓawon burodi.
- Mai kama da tabo da tabbatacce.
Gwaje-gwajen don bincikar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin fata: Likita ko nas suna duba fata don kumburi ko tabo waɗanda ba su da kyau a launi, girma, siffa, ko yanayin rubutu.
- Biopsy: Duk ko wani ɓangare na ci gaban da bai yi kama da al'ada ba an yanke shi daga fata kuma ana duba shi ta hanyar microscope ta ƙwararren masani don bincika alamun kansa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan biopsies guda uku:
- Shave biopsy: Ana amfani da reza mai aski don “aske” haɓakar da ba ta da kyau.
- Punch biopsy: Ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da ake kira punch ko trephine don cire da'irar nama daga ci gaban da ba shi da kyau.
- Gwajin Injiniya: An yi amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire wani ɓangare na haɓakar da ba ta dace ba.
- Exisional biopsy: Ana amfani da fatar kan mutum don cire dukkan ci gaban.
Jiyya na amwayar amwayar Halitta da Ciwon Skin Cellwayar Halitta
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na kwayar cuta mai rikitarwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari. Wannan na iya haɗawa da aikin tiyata na Mohs.
Mohs micrographic surgery shine nau'in tiyata da ake amfani dashi don cutar kansa. An yanke kumburin daga fata a cikin siraran bakin ciki. Yayin aikin tiyata, ana duban gefan kumburin da kowane layin ciwon da aka cire ta hanyar microscope don bincika ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana ci gaba da cire launuka har sai lokacin da ba za a sake ganin kwayoyin cutar kansa ba. Wannan nau'in tiyatar yana cire karamin abun al'ada kamar yadda ya yiwu kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don cire kansar fata akan fuska.
Jiyya na kwayar cutar kanjamau da ta kanjamau a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kulawar Ciwon Sankarar Maɗaukaki don ƙarin bayani.
Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma
Intraocular melanoma yana farawa a tsakiyar yadudduka uku na bangon ido. Launin na waje ya hada da farin kwalara ("fari na ido") da kuma kyakkyawan gani a gaban ido. Launin ciki yana da rufin jijiya, wanda ake kira retina, wanda ke jin haske da aika hotuna tare da jijiyar ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Matsakaicin tsakiya, inda ƙwayar melanoma ta ciki, ake kira uvea ko uveal fili, kuma yana da manyan ɓangarori uku: iris, jikin ciliary, da choroid.
Dalilin Hadarin
Hadarin cikin melanoma intraocular yana ƙaruwa ta ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Launin ido mai haske.
- Launin fata mai kyau.
- Rashin iya tan.
- Oculodermal melanocytosis.
- Nevi cutane.
Gwaje-gwajen don gano asali da ɓarkewar ƙwayar melanoma na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Nazarin jiki da tarihin lafiya.
- Duban dan tayi.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don tantance melanoma intraocular sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Fluorescein angiography: Gwaji ne da ake amfani dashi don daukar hotunan kwayar ido a ido. An sanya launin fenti mai launin rawaya a cikin jijiya kuma yana tafiya cikin jiki har da jijiyoyin jini a cikin ido. Launin launin rawaya yana sa tasoshin cikin ido suyi haske lokacin da aka ɗauki hoto.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na melanoma na intraocular a cikin yara kamar magani ne ga manya kuma yana iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:
- Tiyata don cire ƙari.
- Radiation far.
- Yin aikin tiyata ta laser
. Jiyya na melanoma na cikin gida na yau da kullun a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Ciwon Melanoma na Intraocular (Uveal) don ƙarin bayani.
Chordoma
Chordoma wani nau'ine ne mai matukar wahala wanda yake saurin saurin girma zuwa kasusuwa wanda yake samarwa ko ina a bayan kashin baya daga gindin kokon kai (wani kashi da ake kira clivus) har zuwa kashin baya. A cikin yara da matasa, chordomas yakan zama sau da yawa a cikin ƙasusuwan ƙasan kokon kai ko kusa da ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu, yana sanya su wahalar cirewa gaba ɗaya tare da tiyata.
Chordoma na yara yana da alaƙa da yanayin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar cuta wacce ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba su da illa (ba ciwon daji ba) suna haifar da kodan, kwakwalwa, idanu, zuciya, huhu, da fata.
Alamomi da Ciwon
Alamomi da cututtukan chordoma sun dogara ne da inda ƙari yake. Chordoma na iya haifar da ɗayan alamun da alamun masu zuwa. Binciki likitan ɗanka idan ɗanka yana da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- Ciwon kai.
- Gani biyu.
- An toshe ko toshe hanci.
- Matsalar magana.
- Matsalar haɗiye.
- Abun wuya ko ciwon baya.
- Jin zafi a bayan ƙafafu.
- Nut, jin ƙai, ko rauni na hannaye da ƙafafu.
- Canji a cikin al'adar hanji ko mafitsara.
Sauran yanayin da ba chordoma ba na iya haifar da waɗannan alamun da alamun.
Gwaje-gwajen don tantance chordoma ko don ganin ko ya bazu sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- MRI na dukkan kashin baya.
- CT scan na kirji, ciki, da ƙashin ƙugu.
- Biopsy. Ana cire samfurin nama kuma ana duba shi don wani babban matakin furotin da ake kira brachyury.
Chordomas na iya dawowa (dawowa), galibi a wuri ɗaya, amma wani lokacin sukan sake dawowa a wasu yankuna na ƙashi ko cikin huhu.
Hangen nesa
Hangen nesa (damar dawowa) ya dogara da masu zuwa:
- Shekarun yaron.
- Inda ƙari ya zama tare da kashin baya.
- Ta yaya ƙari ke amsawa ga magani.
- Ko akwai canje-canje a cikin hanji ko dabi'un mafitsara a lokacin da aka gano.
- Ko dai an gano kumburin ko kuma ya sake dawowa (dawo).
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Jiyya na chordoma a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Yin aikin tiyata don cire mafi yawan kumburi kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan bi da bi ta hanyar biji. Ana iya amfani da maganin fitilar katako na katako don kumburin kusa da asalin kwanyar.
Jiyya na maimaita chordoma a cikin yara na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum. Marasa lafiya tare da canje-canje a cikin kwayar SMARCB1 za a iya bi da su tare da tazemetostat a cikin wannan gwaji na asibiti.
Ciwon daji na Yankin Firamare Ba a sani ba
Cutar sankara ba a sani ba wata cuta ce da ake samun ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a cikin jiki amma ba a san wurin da cutar ta fara ba. Ciwon daji na iya samuwa a cikin kowane ƙwayar jiki. Cutar sankara ta farko (kansar da ta fara kafa) na iya yaɗuwa zuwa sauran sassan jiki. Ana kiran wannan tsari metastasis. Kwayoyin cutar kansa yawanci suna kama da ƙwayoyin jikin nau'in nama wanda cutar kansa ta fara. Misali, kwayoyin cutar sankarar mama na iya yaduwa zuwa huhu. Saboda ciwon kansa ya fara a cikin nono, ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin huhu suna kama da ƙwayoyin kansa.
A wasu lokuta likitoci kan gano inda cutar daji ta bazu amma ba za su iya gano inda cikin jiki ba cutar kansa ta fara girma. Wannan nau'in kansar ana kiransa da cutar kansa wanda ba a san shi ba na farko ko ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoye.
Ana yin gwaji don gano inda asalin cutar kansa ta fara da kuma samun bayanai game da inda cutar ta bazu. Lokacin da gwaje-gwaje suka sami damar gano kansar farko, kansar ba ita ce ta sankara ta farko ba da ba a sani ba kuma magani ya dogara da nau'in kansar farko.
Saboda ba a san wurin da cutar kansa ta faro ba, ana yin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban, gami da bayyana kwayar halitta da gwajin kwayar halitta, don gano ko wace irin cutar kansa ce. Idan gwaje-gwaje sun nuna akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kansa, an yi biopsy. Biopsy shine cire ƙwayoyin halitta ko kyallen takarda don haka ana iya kallon su ta hanyar microscope ta ƙwararrun masani. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam ya kalli tsokar don neman ƙwayoyin kansa da gano nau'in cutar kansa. Nau'in biopsy da ake yi ya dogara da sashin jikin da ake yi wa gwajin kansa. Ana iya amfani da ɗayan nau'ikan biopsies masu zuwa:
- Kwayar fata mai kyau (FNA) biopsy: Kayan cirewa ko ruwa ta amfani da siririn sifa.
- Core biopsy: Cire ƙwayar nama ta amfani da babban allura.
- Gwajin Injial: Cire wani ɓangare na dunƙule ko samfurin nama.
- Exisional biopsy: Cire dukkan dunƙulen nama.
Lokacin da nau'in ƙwayoyin kansa ko kayan da aka cire ya bambanta da nau'in ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da ake sa ran samu, ana iya yin gwajin kansar da ba a san firamare ba. Kwayoyin dake jikin mutum suna da wani irin yanayi wanda ya danganta da nau'in kyallen takarda da suka fito. Misali, ana sa ran samfurin kwayoyin cutar kansa da aka ɗauke daga ƙirjin su kasance da ƙwayoyin nono. Koyaya, idan samfurin na wani nau'in kwayar halitta ne daban (ba ya ƙunshin ƙwayoyin nono), akwai yiwuwar ƙwayoyin sun bazu zuwa ga mama daga wani ɓangare na jiki.
Lokacin da ba a san inda kansar ta fara samuwa a lokacin da aka gano ta ba, adenocarcinomas, melanomas, da ciwan amfrayo (kamar su rhabdomyosarcoma ko neuroblastoma) nau'ikan ciwace ciwone wanda daga baya ake gano su a cikin yara da matasa.
Jiyya
Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.
Yin jiyya ya dogara da yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke kama a ƙarƙashin madubin likita, shekarun mai haƙuri, alamu da alamomi, da kuma inda cutar kansa ta bazu a jiki. Jiyya yawanci abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Chemotherapy.
- Ciwon da aka yi niyya.
- Radiation far.
Jiyya na cutar kansa da ba a sani ba a cikin yara na iya haɗa da mai zuwa:
- Gwajin gwaji wanda ke bincikar samfurin ƙwayar cutar mai haƙuri don wasu canje-canje na asali. Nau'in maganin da aka yiwa niyya wanda za'a baiwa mai haƙuri ya dogara da nau'in canjin halittar mutum.
Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan balagar Carcinoma na Firamare mara sani don ƙarin bayani.
Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwon Cutar Yara
Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta cerasa game da cututtukan cututtukan yara na yara, duba masu zuwa:
- Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Cutar Cancer na Cancer
- Tomography Tomography (CT) Scans da Ciwon daji
- MyPART - Cibiyar Sadarwar Yara da Yara
Don ƙarin bayani game da cutar sankarar yara da sauran albarkatun kansar gaba ɗaya, duba masu zuwa:
- Game da Ciwon daji
- Ciwon Yara
- Binciken Cure don Ciwon Childrenan yara
- Matsayi na Late na Jiyya don Ciwon Yara
- Matasa da Samari da Ciwon daji
- Yara da Ciwon daji: Jagora ga Iyaye
- Ciwon daji a cikin Yara da Matasa
- Tsayawa
- Yin fama da Ciwon daji
- Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji
- Don Tsira da Kulawa
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