Nau'o'in / kwakwalwa / haƙuri / manya-kwakwalwa-magani-pdq

Adult Tsarin Jijiyoyin Ciwan Tibi (®) –Patient Version

Janar Bayani Game da Ciwan erananan Jijiyoyin Ciwan ultwayoyi

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Ciwan ƙwayar jijiyoyin tsakiya mai girma wani cuta ne wanda ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau ke samarwa a cikin ƙyallen kwakwalwa da / ko laka.

• Ciwon da ya fara a wani sashi na jiki ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa ana kiransa ciwan ƙwaƙwalwar metastatic.

• Brainwaƙwalwar tana sarrafa yawancin ayyukan jiki masu mahimmanci.

• Thearjin baya yana haɗa kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi a mafi yawan sassan jiki.

• Akwai nau'ikan kwakwalwa da ciwan baya.

• Ciwan Astrocytic

• Oligodendroglial kumbura

• Cakuda Gliomas

• Epatymal ƙari

• Madulloblastomas

• Pineal Parenchymal ƙari

• Tanƙara na Meningeal

• Mwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na Germ

• Craniopharyngioma (Darasi Na)

• Samun wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙara haɗarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta tsakiya.

• Ba a san musabbabin mafi yawan kwakwalwar manya da ciwan baya ba.

• Alamu da alamomin kwakwalwar manya da kumburin kashin baya ba iri daya bane a cikin kowane mutum.

• Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya don bincikar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararru da ƙashin ƙugu.

• Ana kuma amfani da biopsy don gano cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

• Wani lokaci ba za a iya yin biopsy ko tiyata ba.

• Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Ciwan ƙwayar jijiyoyin tsakiya mai girma wani cuta ne wanda ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau ke samarwa a cikin ƙyallen kwakwalwa da / ko laka.

Akwai nau'ikan kwakwalwa da ciwan baya. Formedwayoyin cutar sunadaran ne ta hanyar haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta kuma suna iya farawa a sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa ko laka. Tare, kwakwalwa da laka sun zama tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS).

Ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin na iya zama ko dai marasa lafiya (ba kansar ba) ko kuma cutar kansa (kansar):

• Ignwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ba safai suke yaduwa cikin wasu kyallen takarda ba kuma zasu iya dawowa (dawo).

• Wataƙila ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ciwan kututture za su iya girma da sauri kuma su bazu cikin sauran ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa.

Lokacin da ƙari ya girma ko ya matsa wani yanki na ƙwaƙwalwa, yana iya dakatar da wannan ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar daga aiki yadda ya kamata. Dukkanin cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa da marasa haɗari suna haifar da alamu da alamomi kuma suna buƙatar magani.

Orswayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwayar jijiya na iya faruwa a cikin manya da yara. Koyaya, magani ga yara na iya zama daban da na manya. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Childhoodwallon Brawallon andwallon Yara da Treatmentarƙashin Sparƙirar Tumor don ƙarin bayani game da kula da yara.)

Don bayani game da lymphoma wanda ke farawa a cikin kwakwalwa, duba taƙaitaccen akan Maganin Lymphoma na Farko na CNS.

Ciwon da ya fara a wani sashi na jiki ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa ana kiransa ciwan ƙwaƙwalwar metastatic.

Ciwon da ke farawa a cikin kwakwalwa ana kiransu ciwan kwakwalwa na farko. Cutar marmarin kwakwalwa na farko na iya yadawa zuwa wasu sassan kwakwalwa ko zuwa kashin baya. Ba safai suke yaduwa zuwa sauran sassan jiki ba.

Sau da yawa, ciwace-ciwacen da aka samu a cikin kwakwalwa sun fara wani wuri a cikin jiki kuma sun bazu zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da sassan kwakwalwa. Wadannan ana kiransu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa na metastatic (ko kwakwalwa metastases). Magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta sun fi na yau da kullun fiye da ƙananan ƙwayar kwakwalwa.

Har zuwa rabin cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta daga cutar huhu ce. Sauran nau'ikan cutar kansa da ke yaduwa zuwa kwakwalwa sun haɗa da:

• Melanoma.

• Ciwon nono.

• Ciwon hanji.

• Ciwon koda.

• Nasopharyngeal ciwon daji.

• Ciwon daji na sanannen shafin yanar gizo.

Ciwon daji na iya yaɗuwa zuwa gaɓoɓi (ƙananan membobi biyu da ke rufe kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya). Wannan shi ake kira leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Mafi yawan cututtukan daji da suka yada zuwa leptomeninges sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon nono.

• Ciwon huhu.

• Ciwon sankarar jini

• Lymphoma.

Dubi mai zuwa don ƙarin bayani daga game da cutar kansa wanda yawanci yaɗuwa zuwa kwakwalwa ko laka:

• Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Jiyya

• Magungunan Lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin ba

• Maganin Ciwon Nono (Adult)

• Carcinoma na Maganin Firamare Ba a San shi ba

• Maganin Ciwon Cancer

• Shafin Farko na cutar sankarar bargo

• Maganin Melanoma

• Nasopharyngeal Cancer Jiyya (Adult)

• Maganin Ciwon Cutar Sanda Na Smallananan

• Maganin Ciwon Cutar Sanda

• Treatmentananan Maganin Ciwon Cutar Sanda

Brainwaƙwalwar tana sarrafa yawancin ayyukan jiki masu mahimmanci.

Kwakwal tana da manyan sassa uku:

Cerewayar kwakwalwa ita ce mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Yana saman kansa. Thewayar tana sarrafa tunani, koyo, warware matsaloli, motsin rai, magana, karatu, rubutu, da motsi na son rai.

• Cerebellum yana cikin ƙasan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa (kusa da tsakiyar tsakiyar bayan kai). Yana sarrafa motsi, daidaito, da kuma matsayinsa.

• Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta hada kwakwalwa da lakar kashin baya. Yana cikin mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar (sama da bayan wuyanta). Kwakwalwa

• kara yana sarrafa numfashi, bugun zuciya, da jijiyoyi da tsokoki da aka saba gani, ji, tafiya, magana, da cin abinci.

Anatomy na kwakwalwar da ke nuna sashin jiki, ƙwararrun ƙwayoyi (tare da ruwan ciki mai ruɗi da aka nuna a shuɗi), cerebellum, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (pons da medulla), da sauran sassan kwakwalwa.

Thearjin baya yana haɗa kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi a mafi yawan sassan jiki.

Cordashin kashin baya wani yanki ne na jijiya wanda ke gudana daga kwakwalwa yana sauka tsakiyar tsakiyar. An rufe ta da sikashiran siradi guda uku waɗanda ake kira membranes. Wadannan membranes suna kewaye da kashin baya (kashin baya). Jijiyoyin kashin baya suna daukar sako tsakanin kwakwalwa da sauran sassan jiki, kamar sako daga kwakwalwa don haifar da jijiyoyi ko kuma sako daga fata zuwa kwakwalwa don jin tabawa.

Akwai nau'ikan kwakwalwa da ciwan baya.

Brain da ciwan jijiyoyin suna suna ne bisa ga irin kwayar halittar da suka samar a ciki da kuma inda ciwan farko ya fara a cikin CNS. Za a iya amfani da girman ciwace-ciwacen don bayyana bambanci tsakanin nau'o'in ciwan da ke saurin saurin girma da sauri. Maki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya dogara ne da yadda kwayoyin cutar kansa ba su da kyau a karkashin madubin hangen nesa da kuma yadda saurin ciwon zai iya girma da yadawa.

WHO Tsarin Tsarin Tumor

• Grade I (low-grade) - Kwayoyin tumo suna kama da ƙwayoyin yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin microscope kuma suna girma kuma suna yaɗuwa a hankali fiye da ƙwayoyin tumo II, III, da IV. Da kyar suke yaduwa cikin kyallen takarda. Grade I maruraron ƙwaƙwalwa na iya warkewa idan an cire su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata.

• Grade II - Kwayoyin tumo suna girma kuma suna yaɗuwa a hankali fiye da ƙwayoyin cuta na III da na IV. Suna iya yaɗuwa cikin nama kusa kuma suna iya dawowa (dawo). Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi na iya zama ƙari mafi girma.

• Grade III - Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci sosai da ƙwayoyin yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin microscope kuma suna girma cikin sauri fiye da ƙwayoyin I da na II na II. Zai yiwu su bazu cikin nama kusa.

• Hanyar IV (mai girma) - Kwayoyin ƙari ba su da kama da ƙwayoyin yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin microscope kuma suna girma kuma suna yaɗuwa da sauri. Zai yiwu a sami sassan matattun ƙwayoyin a cikin ƙari. Hanyoyin marurai na Grade na IV yawanci ba za a iya warkewa ba.

Wadannan nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen na farko na iya samarwa a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka:

Ciwan Astrocytic

Ciwon taurari yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa mai kama da tauraro da ake kira astrocytes, wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin lafiya. Astrocyte wani nau'in ƙwayar glial ne. Kwayoyin Glial wasu lokuta suna samar da ciwace-ciwacen da ake kira gliomas. Ciwon daji na astrocytic sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Brain stem glioma (yawanci babban daraja): Glioma na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa yana samuwa a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda shine bangaren kwakwalwar da ke hade da kashin baya. Yawancin lokaci ƙari ne mai girma, wanda ke yaɗuwa ko'ina a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma yana da wuyar warkewa. Brain stem gliomas ba safai a cikin manya ba. (Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Jiyyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar yara don ƙarin bayani.)

• Pineal astrocytic tumor (kowane saiti): Ciwon ƙwayar astrocytic na pineal astrocytic yana samuwa a cikin nama a kusa da glandon ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yana iya zama kowane matsayi. Gland shine yake wata karamar sifa ce a cikin kwakwalwa wacce take sanya melatonin, wani sinadarin hormone wanda ke taimakawa sarrafa bacci da farkawa.

• Pilocytic astrocytoma (sa na I): A pilocytic astrocytoma yana girma a hankali a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka. Yana iya kasancewa a cikin sifar mafitsara kuma da wuya ya bazu cikin kyallen takarda na kusa. Pilocytic astrocytomas galibi ana iya warkewa.

• Yada astrocytoma (sa na II): Yaduwar astrocytoma tana yaduwa a hankali, amma galibi yana yaduwa cikin kyallen takarda kusa. Kwayoyin ƙari suna kama da wani abu kamar ƙwayoyin al'ada. A wasu lokuta, ana iya warkewar yaduwar cutar astrocytoma. Hakanan ana kiranta mai saurin yaduwar astrocytoma.

• Astrocytoma Anaplastic (sa na III): Astrocytoma mai rashin ƙarfi yana girma da sauri kuma ya bazu cikin kyallen takarda kusa. Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Irin wannan kumburin yawanci ba za a iya warkewa ba. Anaplastic astrocytoma ana kiranta mai cutar astrocytoma ko babban-astrocytoma.

• Glioblastoma (sa na IV): Glioblastoma yana girma kuma yana yaɗuwa da sauri. Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci sosai da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Irin wannan kumburin yawanci ba za a iya warkewa ba. Hakanan ana kiransa glioblastoma multiforme.

Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Astrocytomas na Yara don ƙarin bayani game da astrocytomas a cikin yara.

Oligodendroglial kumbura

Ciwon oligodendroglial yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa da ake kira oligodendrocytes, wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin lafiya. Oligodendrocyte wani nau'in kwayar halitta ce ta glial. Oligodendrocytes wani lokacin yakan samar da ciwace-ciwayi da ake kira oligodendrogliomas. Darasi na ciwan oligodendroglial sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Oligodendroglioma (sa na II): Oligodendroglioma yana girma a hankali, amma sau da yawa yana yaduwa cikin kayan da ke kusa. Kwayoyin ƙari suna kama da wani abu kamar ƙwayoyin al'ada. A wasu lokuta, ana iya warkar da oligodendroglioma.

• Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (grade III): Oligodendroglioma mai ruɗuwa yana girma da sauri kuma ya bazu cikin kyallen takarda kusa. Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Irin wannan kumburin yawanci ba za a iya warkewa ba.

Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Astrocytomas na Yara don ƙarin bayani game da cututtukan oligodendroglial a cikin yara.

Cakuda Gliomas

Cikakken glioma shine ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta iri biyu a ciki - oligodendrocytes da astrocytes. Wannan nau'in cakuda tumo ana kiransa oligoastrocytoma.

• Oligoastrocytoma (sa na II): Oligoastrocytoma shine ƙari mai saurin tashi. Kwayoyin ƙari suna kama da wani abu kamar ƙwayoyin al'ada. A wasu lokuta, ana iya warkar da oligoastrocytoma.

• Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (sa na III): Cutar oligoastrocytoma mai saurin inuwa ta girma da sauri kuma ta bazu cikin kyallen takarda da ke kusa. Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Wannan nau'in kumburi yana da mummunan hangen nesa fiye da oligoastrocytoma (sa na II).

Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Astrocytomas na Yara don ƙarin bayani game da cakuda gliomas a cikin yara.

Epatymal ƙari

Ciwon kumburin kansa yakan fara ne a cikin ƙwayoyin da ke layin wuraren da ruwa ya cika a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma kewaye da laka. Hakanan za'a iya kiran ƙari na ependymal a matsayin ependymoma. Matakan ependymomas sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Ependymoma (sa na I ko II): Tsarin I ko II ependymoma yana girma a hankali kuma yana da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda suke kama da wani abu kamar ƙwayoyin al'ada. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 'Ipendendoma' - Ixopapillary ependymoma da subependymoma. Tsarin aikin II mai tsayi yana girma a cikin ƙwararriya (wuri mai cike da ruwa a cikin kwakwalwa) da hanyoyin haɗinta ko a cikin laka. A wasu lokuta, ana iya warkar da aji na I ko II.

• Anaplastic ependymoma (sa na III): Tsarin tsawa yana iya girma da sauri kuma ya bazu cikin kyallen takarda da ke kusa. Kwayoyin tumo suna da bambanci da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Wannan nau'in tumo yawanci yana da mummunan yanayin hangen nesa fiye da na I ko II ependymoma.

Dubi taƙaitaccen bayanin game da Kulawar Ependymoma ta Yara don ƙarin bayani game da ependymoma a cikin yara.

Madulloblastomas

Medulloblastoma wani nau'in ciwan amfrayo ne. Medulloblastomas sunfi yawa ga yara ko matasa.

Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Tsarin Centralarfin Ciwan eranƙanin ciki na Embryonal Tumors don ƙarin bayani game da medulloblastomas a cikin yara.

Pineal Parenchymal ƙari

Ciwon ƙwayar ɓarkewar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin parenchymal ko pineocytes, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da yawancin glandan gwanon. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen sun bambanta da ciwan astrocytic marurai. Matsayi na ciwace-ciwacen ɓarkewar ƙwayar cuta ya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Pineocytoma (sa na II): Pineocytoma shine ƙwayar ƙwayar pineal mai saurin tashi.

• Pineoblastoma (sa na IV): Pineoblastoma cuta ce mai saurin gaske wacce ke iya yaduwa.

Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Tsarin Centralarfin Ciwan Childhoodanƙanin ciki na Childhoodanƙanin ciki don ƙarin bayani game da cututtukan parenal na yara.

Tanƙara na Meningeal

Ciwan sankarau, wanda kuma ake kira meningioma, yana fitowa a cikin meninges (yadudduka siraran nama wanda ya rufe kwakwalwa da laka). Zai iya samuwa daga nau'ikan kwakwalwa ko ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Meningiomas sun fi yawa a cikin manya. Ire-iren cututtukan sankarau sun hada da masu zuwa:

• Meningioma (sa na I): Ajin na meningioma shine mafi yawan nau'in sankarau na sankarau. Matsayi na meningioma shine ƙari mai saurin tashi. Yana samuwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin mater mai ƙarfi. Za'a iya warkewa a aji na meningioma idan an cire shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata.

• Meningioma (sa na II da na III): Wannan ƙananan ƙwayar cutar sankarau ne. Yana girma da sauri kuma mai yiwuwa ya bazu cikin kwakwalwa da laka. Hangen nesa ya fi na matakin na meningioma saboda ƙari yawanci ba za a iya cire shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata.

Cutar hemangiopericytoma ba ƙari ba ce amma ana kula da ita kamar ta meningioma ta II ko III. A hemangiopericytoma yawanci yana samuwa a cikin mater mai ƙarfi. Hangen nesa ya fi na matakin na meningioma saboda ƙari yawanci ba za a iya cire shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata.

Mwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na Germ

Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta ta kasance a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin da ke canzawa zuwa maniyyi a cikin maza ko ova (ƙwai) a cikin mata. Akwai nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan sun hada da germinomas, teratomas, emlyonal yolk sac carcinomas, da choriocarcinomas. Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya zama ko dai mai cutarwa ko mai lahani.

Duba taƙaitaccen bayanin akan Tsarin Childhoodarfin erarfin Gerwayar Yammacin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar yara ta yara a cikin kwakwalwa.

Craniopharyngioma (Darasi Na)

Craniopharyngioma wani ciwo ne wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa a tsakiyar kwakwalwa ba sama da gland din pituitary (gabobin da ke girman kwakwalwa a kasan kwakwalwar da ke sarrafa wasu gland). Craniopharyngiomas na iya samarwa daga nau'ikan kwakwalwa ko ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dubi taƙaitaccen game da Kula da Craniopharyngioma na Yara don ƙarin bayani game da craniopharyngioma a cikin yara.

Samun wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙara haɗarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta tsakiya.

Duk wani abu da zai kara muku damar kamuwa da cuta to ana kiransa mai hadari. Samun haɗari ba ya nufin cewa za ku kamu da cutar kansa; ba tare da haɗarin abubuwan haɗari ba yana nufin cewa ba zaku sami cutar kansa ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya fuskantar haɗari. Akwai sanannun sanannun abubuwan haɗari ga ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa. Yanayi masu zuwa na iya ƙara haɗarin wasu nau'ikan ciwowar ƙwaƙwalwa:

• Kasancewa da sinadarin vinyl chloride na iya kara barazanar glioma.

• Kamuwa da cuta tare da kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr, da ciwon kanjamau (wanda aka samu na rashin lafiyar jiki), ko karɓar dashen wani ɓangaren na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kwayar cutar ta CNS ta farko. (Dubi taƙaitaccen akan Primary CNS Lymphoma don ƙarin bayani.)

• Samun wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙara haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwaƙwalwa:

• Neurofibromatosis nau'in 1 (NF1) ko 2 (NF2).

• von cutar Hippel-Lindau.

• Kwayar cuta ta tubes.

• Ciwon Li-Fraumeni.

• Nau'in cututtukan Turcot 1 ko 2.

• Kaucewar cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Ba a san musabbabin mafi yawan kwakwalwar manya da ciwan baya ba.

Alamu da alamomin kwakwalwar manya da kumburin kashin baya ba iri daya bane a cikin kowane mutum.

Alamomi da cututtuka sun dogara da masu zuwa:

• Inda ciwace-ciwacen ya zama a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka.

• Abin da sashin ƙwaƙwalwar da abin ya shafa ke sarrafawa.

• Girman kumburin.

Alamu da alamu na iya haifar da ciwan CNS ko wasu yanayi, gami da ciwon daji wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa. Duba tare da likitanka idan kuna da ɗayan masu zuwa:

Kwayar cutar Tumor ta Brain

• Ciwon kai na safe ko ciwon kai wanda yake tafiya bayan amai.

• Kamawa.

• Gani, ji, da matsalolin magana.

• Rashin ci.

• Yawan tashin zuciya da amai.

• Canje-canje a cikin hali, yanayi, ikon mayar da hankali, ko halayya.

• Rashin daidaituwa da wahalar tafiya.

• Rashin ƙarfi.

• Baccin da ba'a saba dashi ba ko canjin yanayin aiki.

Kwayar cututtukan Tumuni na Spinal

• Ciwon baya ko ciwo wanda ke yaɗuwa daga baya zuwa hannaye ko ƙafa.

• Canji a al'adar hanji ko matsalar yin fitsari.

• Rauni ko rauni a cikin hannu ko ƙafa.

• Matsalar tafiya.

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ke bincikar kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya don bincikar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararru da ƙashin ƙugu.

Za a iya amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da hanyoyin:

• Jarabawa ta jiki da tarihi: Jarabawa ce ta jiki don bincika alamomin lafiya gaba ɗaya, gami da bincika alamun cuta, kamar kumburi ko wani abu da kamar baƙon abu. Za a kuma ɗauki tarihin al'adun lafiyar marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka gabata da magunguna.

• Nazarin ilimin lissafi: Jerin tambayoyi da gwaje-gwaje don bincika kwakwalwa, laka, da aikin jijiya. Jarabawar tana bincikar halin tunanin mutum, daidaituwarsa, da ikon yin tafiya yadda ya kamata, da kuma yadda ƙarfin jijiyoyi, hankula, da abubuwan da suke nunawa ke aiki. Hakanan ana iya kiransa gwajin neuro ko gwajin neurologic.

• Gwajin filin gani: Gwaji don bincika filin hangen nesan mutum (duka yankin da ake iya ganin abubuwa). Wannan gwajin yana auna hangen nesa na tsakiya (nawa mutum zai iya gani yayin kallon gaba kai tsaye) da kuma hangen nesa (nawa mutum zai iya gani a duk sauran hanyoyin yayin kallon kai tsaye). Duk wani asarar gani na iya zama wata alama ce ta ciwan tumbi da ta lahanta ko ta matse a ɓangarorin ƙwaƙwalwar da ke shafar gani.

• Gwajin alamar alama: Hanya ce wacce ake bincika samfurin jini, fitsari, ko nama don auna adadin wasu abubuwa da gabobi, kyallen takarda, ko ƙwayoyin ƙari suke yi a jiki. Wasu abubuwa suna da alaƙa da takamaiman nau'ikan cutar daji idan aka same su cikin ƙaruwa a cikin jiki. Wadannan ana kiran su alamun tumor. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin don gano ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

• Gwajin kwayar halitta : Gwajin gwaji wanda ake bincikar kwayoyin halitta ko nama don neman sauye-sauye a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomes. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya zama alama ce cewa mutum yana da ko kuma yana cikin haɗarin samun takamaiman cuta ko yanayi.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Hanya ce da ke yin jerin hotuna dalla-dalla na wurare a cikin jiki, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ana yin hotunan ne ta wata kwamfuta da aka haɗa ta da na'urar da ke ɗauke da x-ray. Ana iya yin allurar fenti a cikin jijiya ko haɗiye don taimakawa gabobin ko kyallen takarda su fito fili karara. Wannan hanya ana kiranta yanayin ƙididdigar lissafi, ƙirar kwamfuta, ko ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta.

Utedididdigar hoto (CT) na kwakwalwa. Mai haƙuri yana kwance akan tebur wanda ke zamewa ta cikin na'urar daukar hotan takardu na CT, wanda ke ɗaukar hotunan x-ray na kwakwalwa.

• MRI (hoton maganadisu ) tare da gadolinium: Hanya ce wacce ke amfani da maganadisu, igiyar ruwa ta rediyo, da kuma kwamfuta don yin jerin hotunan hoto na kwakwalwa da na kashin baya. Wani sinadari da ake kira gadolinium ne a cikin jijiya. Gadolinium yana tattarawa a kusa da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don haka sun ƙara haske a hoton. Wannan hanya ana kiranta kuma ana kiranta hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (NMRI). Ana amfani da MRI sau da yawa don bincika ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kashin baya. Wani lokaci ana yin aikin da ake kira maganadisu mai haske (MRS) yayin binciken MRI. Ana amfani da MRS don tantance cututtukan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, gwargwadon kayan aikin su na sunadarai.

• SPECT scan (hoton photon guda daya wanda aka hada shi da sikanin kirji): Hanya ce wacce za'a gano kwayoyin cuta masu illa a cikin kwakwalwa. Ana shigar da ƙaramin abu mai tasirin rediyo a cikin jijiya ko shaƙa ta hanci. Yayinda abu ke tafiya ta cikin jini, kyamara tana jujjuya kai da daukar hotunan kwakwalwa. Kwamfuta tana amfani da hotunan don yin hoto mai girman 3 (3-D) na kwakwalwa. Za a kara kwararar jini da karin aiki a wuraren da kwayoyin cutar kansa ke girma. Wadannan yankuna zasu nuna haske a cikin hoton.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a cikin jiki kuma tana yin hoton inda ake amfani da glucose a cikin kwakwalwa. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Ana amfani da PET don faɗi bambanci tsakanin asalin ƙwayar cuta da ƙari wanda ya bazu zuwa kwakwalwa daga wani wuri a cikin jiki.

PET (positron watsi tomography) scan. Mai haƙuri yana kwance akan tebur wanda yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar PET. Hutun shugaban da farin madauri na taimaka wa mai haƙuri kwance. Ana shigar da ƙaramin gulukos na rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiyar mara lafiyar, kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna nunawa a cikin hoto saboda suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.

Ana kuma amfani da biopsy don gano cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Idan gwajin hoto ya nuna akwai yuwuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, yawanci ana yin biopsy. Ana iya amfani da ɗayan nau'ikan biopsies masu zuwa:

• Stereotactic biopsy: Lokacin da gwajin hoto ya nuna akwai yiwuwar akwai ƙari a cikin ƙwanƙolin cikin wuyar isa wuri, ana iya yin biopsy mai kwakwalwa mai rikitarwa. Irin wannan biopsy yana amfani da komputa da kuma na'uran duba abubuwa 3 (3-D) don gano kumburin da kuma jagorantar allurar da aka yi amfani da ita don cire kayan. Ana yin ƙaramar yanka a cikin fatar kan mutum kuma an huda ƙaramin rami ta cikin kwanyar. An saka allurar biopsy ta cikin ramin don cire kwayoyin halitta ko kyallen takarda don haka ana iya kallon su ta karkashin wani madubin likita daga likitan kwalliya don duba alamun kansar.

• Open biopsy: Lokacin da gwaje-gwajen hotunan ke nuna cewa akwai wata cuta wacce ake iya cirewa ta hanyar tiyata, za'a iya yin biopsy a bude. Ana cire wani ɓangare na kwanyar a wani aiki da ake kira 'craniotomy'. An cire samfurin ƙwanƙolin ƙwaƙwalwa kuma an duba shi a ƙarƙashin microscope ta ƙwararren masani. Idan aka sami ƙwayoyin daji, wasu ko duk ƙwayar cutar ana iya cire su yayin aikin tiyata ɗaya. Ana yin gwaje-gwaje kafin a yi tiyata don gano wuraren da ke kusa da kumburi waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don aikin kwakwalwa na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi don gwada aikin kwakwalwa yayin aikin tiyata. Dikita zai yi amfani da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don cire yawancin kumburi kamar yadda zai yiwu tare da ƙaramar lalacewar nama na al'ada a cikin kwakwalwa.

Craniotomy: Ana yin buɗa a cikin kwanyar kuma an cire wani ɓangare na kwanyar don nuna wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa.

Masanin ilimin cututtukan cututtukan ya binciki samfurin biopsy don gano nau'in da salo na ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa. Matsayin kumburin ya dogara ne akan yadda ƙwayoyin tumo ke dubawa a ƙarƙashin madubin likita da kuma yadda saurin ƙwayar zai iya girma da kuma yaɗuwa.

Ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa a kan ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar da aka cire:

• Immunohistochemistry: Gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke amfani da kwayoyin cuta don bincika wasu antigens (alamomi) a cikin samfurin jikin mai haƙuri. Magungunan rigakafi yawanci suna da alaƙa da enzyme ko fenti mai kyalli. Bayan kwayoyin sun kunshi wani takamaiman antigen a cikin samfurin, sai a kunna enzyme ko rini, sannan za a iya ganin antigen a karkashin wani madubin likita. Ana amfani da irin wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen gano kansar da kuma taimakawa gaya ga wani nau'in cutar kansa daga wani nau'in cutar kansa.

• Haske da microscopy na lantarki: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ake kallon kwayoyi a cikin samfurin nama a karkashin na'uran microscopes na yau da kullun don neman wasu canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin.

• Nazarin Cytogenetic: Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ake kirga chromosomes na sel a cikin samfurin ƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma a bincika kowane canje-canje, kamar karye, ɓacewa, sake gyarawa, ko ƙarin ƙwanƙwanni. Canje-canje a cikin wasu chromosomes na iya zama alamar cutar kansa. Ana amfani da nazarin Cytogenetic don taimakawa gano cutar kansa, shirya magani, ko gano yadda magani ke aiki.

Wani lokaci ba za a iya yin biopsy ko tiyata ba.

Ga wasu ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta, ba a iya yin biopsy ko tiyata lafiya saboda inda ƙari ya ɓullo a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen suna bincikar su kuma suna bi da su bisa ga sakamakon gwajin hoto da sauran hanyoyin.

Wasu lokuta sakamakon gwajin hoto da sauran hanyoyin suna nuna cewa ƙari zai iya zama mai rauni kuma ba a yin biopsy.

Wasu dalilai suna tasiri hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Hannun hangen nesa (damar dawowa) da zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwaƙwalwar farko da ƙwanƙwasa jijiyoyin baya sun dogara da waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Nau'in da salo na kumburin.

• Inda ƙari yake a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka.

• Ko za a iya cire kumburin ta hanyar tiyata.

• Ko kwayoyin cutar kansa sun rage bayan tiyata.

• Ko akwai wasu canje-canje a cikin chromosomes.

• Ko dai an gano cutar kansa ko kuma ta sake dawowa (dawo).

• Babban lafiyar mai haƙuri.

Hanyoyin hangen nesa da zaɓuɓɓukan magani don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

• Ko akwai ƙari fiye da biyu a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙashin baya.

• Inda ƙari yake a cikin kwakwalwa ko laka.

• Ta yaya kumburi ya amsa magani.

• Ko babba na farko ya ci gaba da girma ko yaɗuwa.

Matakai na ultananan umwayoyin Tsarin Tsoho

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Babu daidaitaccen tsarin tsarkewa don ƙwaƙwalwar balagagge da ƙari na kashin baya.

• Za'a iya maimaita gwaje-gwajen hotunan bayan tiyata don taimakawa shirin ƙarin magani.

Babu daidaitaccen tsarin tsarkewa don ƙwaƙwalwar balagagge da ƙari na kashin baya.

Yawancin lokaci ko yaduwar ciwon daji yawanci ana bayyana shi a matsayin matakai. Babu daidaitaccen tsarin tsarkewa don ƙwaƙwalwa da ciwan kututture. Ciwon kwakwalwar da ke farawa a cikin kwakwalwa na iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan kwakwalwa da laka, amma ba safai suke yaduwa zuwa sauran sassan jiki ba. Jiyya na kwakwalwar farko da cututtukan jijiyoyi ya dogara da waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Nau'in kwayar halittar da kumburin ya fara.

• Inda ƙari ya ɓullo a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙashin baya.

• Adadin cutar daji da ya rage bayan tiyata.

• A sa na ƙari.

Maganin ciwace-ciwacen da suka bazu zuwa kwakwalwa daga wasu sassan jiki ya dogara da yawan ciwan da ke cikin kwakwalwa.

Za'a iya maimaita gwaje-gwajen hotunan bayan tiyata don taimakawa shirin ƙarin magani.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don tantance ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Maimaita Ciwan Nananan Jijiyoyi na Tumurai

Ciwon jijiyoyin jiki na yau da kullun (CNS) ƙari ne wanda ya sake dawowa (dawo) bayan an magance shi. Ciwan CNS yakan sake dawowa, wani lokacin shekaru da yawa bayan farkon ƙari. Ciwon yana iya sake dawowa a wuri ɗaya kamar farkon ƙwayar cuta ko kuma a wasu sassa na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.

Bayanin Zaɓin Jiyya

MAGANAN MAGANA

• Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar balaga da kumburin kashin baya.

• Ana amfani da nau'i biyar na daidaitaccen magani:

• Kulawa mai aiki

• Tiyata

• Radiation far

• Chemotherapy

• Ciwon da aka yi niyya

• Ana ba da kulawa na tallafi don rage matsalolin da cutar ta haifar ko kuma maganinta.

• Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

• Proton katako radiation far

• Biologic far

• Jiyya don ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta na tsakiya na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

• Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

• Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

• Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar balaga da kumburin kashin baya.

Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar balaga da kumburin kashin baya. Wasu jiyya suna daidaito (magani da ake amfani dashi yanzu), kuma wasu ana gwada su a gwajin asibiti. Gwajin gwajin magani shine binciken bincike wanda aka tsara don taimakawa inganta ingantattun jiyya na yanzu ko samun bayanai game da sababbin jiyya ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji. Lokacin da gwaji na asibiti ya nuna cewa sabon magani ya fi magani na yau da kullun, sabon magani na iya zama daidaitaccen magani. Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Wasu gwaji na asibiti ana buɗe su ne kawai ga marasa lafiyar da basu fara magani ba.

Ana amfani da nau'i biyar na daidaitaccen magani:

Kulawa mai aiki

Kulawa mai aiki tana lura da yanayin mai haƙuri amma ba bada wani magani ba sai dai idan akwai canje-canje a sakamakon gwajin wanda ya nuna yanayin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Mayila za a iya amfani da sa ido na aiki don kaucewa ko jinkirta buƙatar jiyya irin su maganin fuka-fuka ko tiyata, wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako masu illa ko wasu matsaloli. Yayin aiki, ana yin wasu gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje akan jadawalin yau da kullun. Ana iya amfani da aiki don ciwan ciwurtaccen jinkiri wanda ba ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka.

Tiyata

Za a iya amfani da tiyata don bincika da magance ƙwaƙwalwar balaga da ciwan ƙwanji. Cire ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana taimakawa rage matsa lamba na ƙari a kan sassan kwakwalwa na kusa. Duba sashen Bayani Gabaɗaya na wannan taƙaitaccen bayani.

Bayan likita ya cire dukkan cutar daji da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyatar, wasu marasa lafiya za a iya ba su maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ko kuma maganin furewa bayan tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka rage. Maganin da ake bayarwa bayan tiyatar, don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa zai dawo, ana kiran sa adjuvant therapy.

Radiation far

Radiation therapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda yake amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ko hana su girma. Akwai nau'o'in maganin radiation guda biyu:

• Magungunan radiation na waje yana amfani da inji a waje don aika radiation zuwa ga cutar kansa.

Magungunan radiation na waje-katako na kwakwalwa. Ana amfani da wata inji don yin amfani da iska mai ƙarfi. Injin na iya juyawa a kusa da mai haƙuri, yana sadar da radiation daga kusurwa daban-daban. Abin rufe fuska yana taimakawa kiyaye kan mara lafiyar daga motsi yayin jiyya. Ana sanya ƙananan alamun tawada a kan abin rufe fuska. Ana amfani da alamun tawada don yin amfani da injin fitila a wuri guda kafin kowane magani.

• Wasu hanyoyi na ba da maganin fitila na iya taimakawa kiyaye radiation daga lalata lafiyar nama mai kusa. Wadannan nau'ikan maganin radiation sun hada da masu zuwa:

• Magungunan radiation na yau da kullun: Maganin ƙwayar cuta ta zamani shine nau'in maganin fure na waje wanda yake amfani da komputa don yin hoto mai girman 3 (3-D) na ƙari kuma yana tsara katangar fitila don dacewa da ƙari.

• Radiationarfin ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi (IMRT): IMRT wani nau'i ne na maganin fitilar waje (3-D) wanda yake amfani da kwamfuta don yin hotuna na girman da sifar kumburin. Beananan bakin katako na iska mai ƙarfi daban-daban (ƙarfi) ana nufin kumburin daga kusurwa da yawa.

• Yin aikin tiyata na motsa jiki: Tsarin motsa jiki na wani nau'in magani ne na waje. An liƙa firam ɗin da ba shi da ƙarfi a kwanyar don kiyaye kansa a yayin kulawar radiation. Inji yana nufin babban ƙwayar raɗaɗɗiya kai tsaye a ƙari. Wannan aikin ba ya ƙunsar tiyata. Hakanan ana kiranta stereotaxic radiosurgery, rediyo, da tiyata.

Magungunan radiation na ciki yana amfani da abu mai tasirin rediyo wanda aka rufe a cikin allurai, tsaba, wayoyi, ko catheters waɗanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa ko kusa da ciwon daji.

Hanyar da ake ba da maganin taɗɗar radiation ya dogara da nau'ikan da darajar kumburi da kuma inda yake a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ko laka. Ana amfani da farɗan fitila na waje don magance ƙwayoyin cuta masu juyayi na tsakiya.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy magani ne na cutar kansa wanda ke amfani da magunguna don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa, ko dai ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin ko ta hana su rarraba. Lokacin da ake shan chemotherapy ta baki ko allura a cikin jijiya ko tsoka, magungunan suna shiga cikin jini kuma zasu iya kaiwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jiki duka (chemotherapy systemic). Lokacin da aka sanya chemotherapy kai tsaye zuwa cikin ruwa mai ruɓaɓɓen ciki, gaɓoɓi, ko rami na jiki kamar ciki, magungunan yawanci suna shafar ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin waɗancan yankuna (chemotherapy na yanki). Haɗaɗɗiyar cutar sanadiyyar magani magani ne ta amfani da fiye da ɗaya maganin ƙwayar cutar kansa. Don magance ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, ana iya amfani da wafer wanda ya narke don isar da maganin ƙwayar cutar kansa kai tsaye zuwa shafin ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar bayan an cire kumburin ta hanyar tiyata. Hanyar da ake ba da cutar sankara ta dogara da nau'in kumburi da kuma inda yake a cikin kwakwalwa.

Magungunan anticancer waɗanda aka bayar ta baki ko jijiyoyi don magance ƙwaƙwalwa da ciwan kututture ba za su iya ƙetare shingen-ƙwaƙwalwar jini ba kuma su shiga ruwan da ke kewaye da ƙwaƙwalwa da laka. Madadin haka, ana allurar wani magani na cutar kansa a cikin sararin da ke cike da ruwa don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa a can. Wannan shi ake kira intrathecal chemotherapy.

Duba Magungunan da Aka Amince da Ciwan Brawayar forwalwa don ƙarin bayani.

Ciwon da aka yi niyya

Targeted therapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda yake amfani da magunguna ko wasu abubuwa don ganowa da afkawa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ba tare da cutar ƙwayoyin halitta ba.

Magungunan rigakafi na Monoclonal wani nau'in magani ne da aka yi niyya wanda ke amfani da kwayar cutar da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje daga nau'in kwayar halitta ta rigakafi. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta na jikin mutum na iya gano abubuwan da ke jikin kwayoyin cutar kansar ko kuma wasu abubuwa na yau da kullun wadanda zasu iya taimakawa kwayoyin cutar kansa. Kwayoyin rigakafin suna haɗuwa da abubuwan kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, toshe haɓakar su, ko kiyaye su daga yaɗuwa. Ana ba da ƙwayoyin cuta na Monoclonal ta hanyar jiko. Ana iya amfani da su su kaɗai ko ɗaukar ƙwayoyi, gubobi, ko kayan aikin rediyo kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa.

Bevacizumab wani maganin rigakafi ne wanda ke daure da furotin da ake kira factor endothelial growth (VEGF) kuma yana iya hana ci gaban sabbin jijiyoyin jini da ciwace-ciwacen daji ke buƙatar girma. Ana amfani da Bevacizumab wajen maganin glioblastoma na yau da kullun.

Sauran nau'ikan hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin da ake niyya ana nazarin su ne game da ciwan kwakwalwar manya, gami da masu hana yaduwar sinadarin tyrosine kinase da sabbin masu hana shigar VEGF.

Duba Magungunan da Aka Amince da Ciwan Brawayar forwalwa don ƙarin bayani.

Ana ba da kulawa na tallafi don rage matsalolin da cutar ta haifar ko kuma maganinta.

Wannan maganin yana sarrafa matsaloli ko illolin da cutar ko magani ya haifar kuma yana inganta rayuwa. Don ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, kulawa mai goyan baya ya haɗa da magunguna don sarrafa ƙwace da haɓaka ruwa ko kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa.

Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.

Wannan ɓangaren taƙaitaccen bayani yana nufin sababbin jiyya da ake nazari a cikin gwajin asibiti, amma ƙila ba zai faɗi kowane sabon magani da ake nazarin ba. Ana samun bayani game da gwaji na asibiti daga gidan yanar gizon NCI.

Proton katako radiation far

Proton beam radiation therapy wani nau'in makamashi ne mai karfi, magani na waje wanda yake amfani da magudanar proton (ƙaramin abu mai ɗorewa) don yin radiation. Wannan nau'in radiation yana kashe ƙwayoyin tumo tare da ɗan lalacewar kyallen takarda na kusa. Ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan kansa, wuya, da kashin baya da gabobi kamar kwakwalwa, ido, huhu, da kuma prostate. Proton beam radiation ya banbanta da x-ray radiation.

Biologic far

Magungunan ilimin halittu magani ne wanda ke amfani da garkuwar jikin mara lafiya don yaƙar kansa. Abubuwan da jiki ya yi ko aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana amfani da su don haɓaka, kai tsaye, ko maido da kariya ta jiki daga cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin cutar kansa ana kiransa biotherapy ko immunotherapy.

Ana nazarin ilimin ilimin halittu don maganin wasu nau'ikan ciwowar ƙwaƙwalwa. Jiyya na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Maganin rigakafin kwayar halitta ta Dendritic

• Gene far.

Jiyya don ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta na tsakiya na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa.

Don bayani game da illolin da cutar ta kansar ta haifar, duba shafin mu na Side Side.

Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya, shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓin magani. Gwajin gwaji wani bangare ne na aikin binciken cutar kansa. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don gano ko sabbin maganin cutar daji suna da lafiya da tasiri ko kuma sun fi magani na yau da kullun.

Yawancin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don cutar kansa sun dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti na farko. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin gwaji na asibiti na iya karɓar daidaitaccen magani ko kuma su kasance cikin farkon waɗanda za su karɓi sabon magani.

Marasa lafiya da ke shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti suma suna taimakawa inganta hanyar da za a bi da kansar a nan gaba. Koda lokacin gwajin asibiti bai haifar da sababbin magunguna ba, sau da yawa sukan amsa mahimman tambayoyi kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da bincike gaba.

Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.

Wasu gwaji na asibiti kawai sun haɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su sami magani ba tukuna. Sauran gwaje-gwajen suna gwada jiyya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda cutar kansa ba ta samu sauki ba. Hakanan akwai gwaji na asibiti da ke gwada sabbin hanyoyin dakatar da cutar kansa daga sake dawowa (dawowa) ko rage tasirin maganin kansar.

Gwajin gwaji na gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar. Bayani game da gwajin asibiti wanda NCI ke tallafawa ana iya samun shi akan shafin binciken gwaji na NCI. Ana iya samun gwajin gwaji na asibiti wanda wasu kungiyoyi ke tallafawa akan gidan yanar gizon ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Za a iya maimaita wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano cutar kansa ko don gano matakin cutar kansa. Za a maimaita wasu gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda magani ke aiki. Shawarwari game da ci gaba, canji, ko dakatar da magani na iya dogara ne da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen za a ci gaba da yi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan an gama jiyya. Sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna idan yanayin ku ya canza ko kuma idan kansar ta sake dawowa (dawo). Wadannan gwaje-gwajen wasu lokuta ana kiran su gwaje-gwaje na gaba ko dubawa.

Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don bincika ko ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ta dawo bayan jiyya:

• SPECT scan (hoton photon guda daya wanda aka hada shi da sikanin kirji): Hanya ce wacce za'a gano kwayoyin cuta masu illa a cikin kwakwalwa. Ana shigar da ƙaramin abu mai tasirin rediyo a cikin jijiya ko shaƙa ta hanci. Yayinda abu ke tafiya ta cikin jini, kyamara tana jujjuya kai da daukar hotunan kwakwalwa. Kwamfuta tana amfani da hotunan don yin hoto mai girman 3 (3-D) na kwakwalwa. Za a kara kwararar jini da karin aiki a wuraren da kwayoyin cutar kansa ke girma. Wadannan yankuna zasu nuna haske a cikin hoton.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Hanya ce don gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa a jiki. An sanya ƙwayar glucose mai ƙarancin rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiya. Na'urar daukar hoton PET tana juyawa a cikin jiki kuma tana yin hoton inda ake amfani da glucose a cikin kwakwalwa. Kwayoyin cuta masu illa suna nuna haske a hoton saboda suna aiki kuma suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.

PET (positron watsi tomography) scan. Mai haƙuri yana kwance akan tebur wanda yake zamewa ta cikin na'urar PET. Hutun shugaban da farin madauri na taimaka wa mai haƙuri kwance. Ana shigar da ƙaramin gulukos na rediyo (sukari) a cikin jijiyar mara lafiyar, kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu tana yin hoto inda ake amfani da glucose a jiki. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna nunawa a cikin hoto saboda suna ɗaukar glucose fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya ta Nau'in Brawayar inwalwa ta Farko

A Wannan Sashin

• Ciwan Astrocytic

• Brain Kara Gliomas

• Pineal Astrocytic Tumor

• Pirocytic Astrocytomas

• Yada Astrocytomas

• Astrocytomas na Anaplastic

• Glioblastomas

• Oligodendroglial kumbura

• Cakuda Gliomas

• Epatymal ƙari

• Madulloblastomas

• Pineal Parenchymal ƙari

• Tanƙara na Meningeal

• Mwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na Germ

• Craniopharyngiomas

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Ciwan Astrocytic

Brain Kara Gliomas

Jiyya na gliomas na kwakwalwa na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Radiation far.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Pineal Astrocytic Tumor

Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen taurari na astrocytic na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka. Don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana iya ba da magani.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Pirocytic Astrocytomas

Jiyya na pilocytic astrocytomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari. Hakanan za'a iya ba da hasken radiation idan ƙari ya kasance bayan tiyata.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Yada Astrocytomas

Jiyya na yaduwar astrocytomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata tare da ko ba tare da maganin radiation ba.

• Yin aikin tiyata wanda aka bi ta hanyar maganin fuka da jiyyar cutar sankara.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Astrocytomas na Anaplastic

Jiyya na astrocytomas mai rauni zai iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka. Hakanan za'a iya ba da magani.

• Yin aikin tiyata da kuma sankarar magani.

• Gwajin gwaji na ilimin kimiya da aka sanya a cikin kwakwalwa yayin aikin tiyata.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani da aka kara zuwa daidaitaccen magani.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Glioblastomas

Jiyya na glioblastomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata wanda aka bi ta hanyar radiation da kuma maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da aka bayar a lokaci ɗaya, sannan kuma a bi da shi kawai.

• Yin aikin tiyata ya biyo baya ta hanyar maganin fuka-fuka.

• Chemotherapy da aka sanya a cikin kwakwalwa yayin aikin.

• Radiation far da chemotherapy da aka bayar a lokaci guda.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani da aka kara zuwa daidaitaccen magani.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Oligodendroglial kumbura

Jiyya na oligodendrogliomas na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata tare da ko ba tare da maganin radiation ba. Ana iya ba da magani na Chemotherapy bayan an gama amfani da radiation.

Jiyya na anaplastic oligodendroglioma na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata wanda aka bi ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayar cuta tare da ko ba tare da chemotherapy.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani da aka kara zuwa daidaitaccen magani.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Cakuda Gliomas

Jiyya na cakuda gliomas na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka. Wani lokaci kuma ana ba da ilimin sanko.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Epatymal ƙari

Jiyya na aji na 1 da na II ependymomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari. Hakanan za'a iya ba da hasken radiation idan ƙari ya kasance bayan tiyata.

Jiyya na aji na uku mai tsaurin jini na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Madulloblastomas

Jiyya na medulloblastomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin aikin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka ga kwakwalwa da kashin baya.

• Gwajin gwajin magani na chemotherapy da aka kara wa tiyata da kuma maganin fuka ga kwakwalwa da kashin baya

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Pineal Parenchymal ƙari

Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen ɓarna na parenchymal na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Don pineocytomas, tiyata da kuma maganin fuka.

• Don maganin pineoblastomas, tiyata, maganin fuka-fuka, da chemotherapy.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Tanƙara na Meningeal

Jiyya na matakin na meningiomas na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Mai aiki don ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi ba tare da alamu ko alamu ba.

• Tiyata don cire ƙari. Hakanan za'a iya ba da hasken radiation idan ƙari ya kasance bayan tiyata.

• Yin tiyata na stereotactic don ciwace-ciwacen ƙasa da santimita 3.

• Radiation na farji don ciwace-ciwacen da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyar tiyata ba.

Jiyya na meningiomas na II da III da hemangiopericytomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Yin tiyata da kuma maganin fuka-fuka.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Mwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na Germ

Babu daidaitaccen magani ga ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta (germinoma, carcinoma embryonal, choriocarcinoma, da teratoma). Yin jiyya ya dogara da abin da ƙwayoyin tumo ke yi a ƙarƙashin madubin likita, alamun alamomin ƙari, inda ciwon yake a cikin kwakwalwa, da kuma ko za a iya cire shi ta hanyar tiyata.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Craniopharyngiomas

Jiyya na craniopharyngiomas na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari gaba daya.

• Yin aikin tiyata don cire mafi yawan kumburi kamar yadda zai yiwu, sannan bi da bi ta hanyar biji.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Tanƙirar inalarfin inalwararru na Farko

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Jiyya na ciwan kututture na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Tiyata don cire ƙari.

• Radiation far.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Ciwon Centralananan Centralwayoyin Tsarin Ciwan ultwaƙwalwar Maɗaukaki

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Babu daidaitaccen magani don ciwan ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun (CNS). Yin jiyya ya dogara da yanayin mai haƙuri, sakamakon da ake tsammani na jiyya, inda ciwon ya kasance a cikin CNS, da kuma ko za a iya cire ƙwayar ta hanyar tiyata. Jiyya na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy da aka sanya a cikin kwakwalwa yayin aikin

.

• Chemotherapy tare da kwayoyi waɗanda ba ayi amfani dasu don magance asalin tumo.

• Tsarin da aka yi niyya don glioblastoma na yau da kullun.

• Radiation far.

• Tiyata don cire ƙari.

• Gwajin gwaji na sabon magani.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya don Ciwon Brawararrun inwararrun Metwararrun Matasa

Don bayani game da jiyya da aka jera a ƙasa, duba sashin Kula da Zaɓin Jiyya.

Yin jiyya na ciwace-ciwace daya zuwa hudu da suka bazu zuwa kwakwalwa daga wani sashi na jiki na iya hada da masu zuwa:

• Radiation na warkewa zuwa dukkan kwakwalwa tare da ko ba tare da tiyata ba.

• Radiation na fitila ga dukkan kwakwalwa tare da ko ba tare da aikin tiyata ba.

• Yin aikin tiyata na stereotactic.

• Chemotherapy, idan ƙari na farko shine wanda ke amsa magungunan anticancer. Yana iya hade tare da radiation far.

Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen da suka yada zuwa leptomeninges na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy (tsarin da / ko intrathecal). Hakanan za'a iya ba da magungunan haskakawa.

• Taimakon tallafi.

Yi amfani da binciken bincikenmu na asibiti don nemo NCI na goyan bayan gwajin asibiti wanda ke karɓar marasa lafiya. Kuna iya bincika gwaji dangane da nau'in ciwon daji, shekarun mai haƙuri, da kuma inda ake yin gwajin. Ana samun cikakken bayani game da gwaji na asibiti.

Don Moreara Koyo Game da Ciwan Centralwaro na Tsohuwar ultwaƙwalwar Matasa

Don ƙarin bayani daga Cibiyar Cancer ta aboutasa game da ƙwayoyin cuta masu girma na tsakiya, duba mai zuwa:

• Shafin Gida na Brain Cancer Home

• Magunguna da Aka Amince da Ciwan Brain

• NCI-CONNECT (Cikakken Cibiyar Nazarin Oncology na kimanta CNananan CNS Tumors)

Don cikakkun bayanai game da cutar kansa da sauran albarkatu daga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, duba mai zuwa:

• Game da Ciwon daji

• Tsayawa

• Chemotherapy da ku: Tallafi ga Mutanen da ke Ciwon daji

• Radiation Far da Kai: Taimako ga Mutane Tare da Ciwon daji

• Yin fama da Ciwon daji

• Tambayoyi don Tambayar Doctor game da Ciwon daji

• Don Tsira da Kulawa