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Cancer Types
Research/areas/biology
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Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/pediatric-immunotherapy-network
Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/prevention-early-detection
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Research/key-initiatives/ras/about
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Research/nci-role
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dfharvard
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dukeci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/emorywinship
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/foxchase
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/fredhutchcrc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/georgetownlombardi
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/hopkinskimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/indianasimon
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/iowaholden
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/irvingcolumbia
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/jeffersonkimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/kucc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mayoclinic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mdanderson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/memorialsloankettering
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/minnesotamasonic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mitkoch
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/moffitt
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/muschollings
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nebraska
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/newmexicocrtc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/northwesternlurie
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nyuci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ohsuknight
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/osujamesrs/find/casewestern
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/purdueccr
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/roswellpark
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/salk
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sanfordburnham
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stanfordci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stephenson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stjude
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sylvester-miami
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/tischmountsinai
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uabccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucdaviscc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uchicagoccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucirvinechao
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uclajonsson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucolorado
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucsfhelendiller
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uhawaiicc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ukmarkey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umdgreenebaum
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umichiganccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/unclineberger
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upennabramson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uscnorris
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utahhuntsman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utsanantonio
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utswsimmons
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uvacc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uwcarbone
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vanderbiltingram
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vcumassey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wakeforest
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/washingtonsiteman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/waynestatekarmanos
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wistar
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/yalecc
Research/nci-role/extramural
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Research/nci-role/partners-collaborators
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2015
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2017
Research/nci-role/spotlight/profiles
Research/progress/250-years-milestones
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Research/progress/discovery
Treatment/drugs/dexrazoxanehydrochloride
Treatment/drugs/mechlorethaminehydrochloride
Types/adrenocortical
Types/anal
Types/aya
Types/bladder
Types/bladder/hp/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq
Types/bladder/research
Types/bone
Types/brain
Types/breast
Types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq
Types/cervical
Types/childhood-cancers
Types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq
Types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq
Types/colorectal
Types/common-cancers
Types/esophageal
Types/extracranial-germ-cell
Types/extragonadal-germ-cell
Types/eye
Types/gallbladder
Types/gestational-trophoblastic
Types/gi-carcinoid-tumors
Types/head-and-neck
Types/kidney
Types/langerhans
Types/leukemia
Types/leukemia/clinical-trials
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq
Types/liver
Types/lung
Types/lymphoma
Types/mesothelioma
Types/metastatic-cancer
Types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq
Types/myeloma
Types/myeloproliferative
Types/neuroblastoma
Types/ovarian
Types/pancreatic
Types/parathyroid
Types/penile
Types/pheochromocytoma
Types/pituitary
Types/prostate
Types/recurrent-cancer
Types/retinoblastoma
Types/skin
Types/small-intestine
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp
Types/stomach
Types/testicular
Types/thymoma
Types/thyroid
Types/unknown-primary
Types/urethral
Types/uterine
Types/vaginal
Types/vulvar
Language
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
am - Amharic
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Turkish
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - español (formal)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Swiss German
gu - Gujarati
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
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<languages/> == 患有癌症的青少年 == 癌症研究人员,倡导者和癌症幸存者介绍了青春期和年轻成人癌症的话题。 === 年轻人中的癌症类型 === 在美国,每年约有70,000年轻人(15至39岁)被诊断出患有癌症,占美国癌症诊断的5%。 这大约是0至14岁儿童被诊断出癌症的六倍。 与成年人或儿童相比,年轻人更有可能被诊断出患有某些癌症,例如霍奇金淋巴瘤,睾丸癌和肉瘤。 但是,特定癌症类型的发生率随年龄而变化。 在15至24岁的人群中,白血病,淋巴瘤,睾丸癌和甲状腺癌是最常见的癌症。 在25至39岁之间,乳腺癌和黑色素瘤最为常见。 有证据表明,青少年和年轻人中的某些癌症可能具有独特的遗传和生物学特征。 研究人员正在努力学习更多有关年轻人癌症的生物学知识,以便他们可以鉴定出对这些癌症可能有效的分子靶向疗法。 青少年和年轻人(AYAs)中最常见的癌症是: *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/brain|脑和其他中枢神经系统肿瘤]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/breast|乳房]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/cervical|子宫颈]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/colorectal|结直肠]] *生殖细胞肿瘤 ::*[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/extracranial-germ-cell|颅外生殖细胞肿瘤]] (童年) ::*[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/extragonadal-germ-cell|性腺外生殖细胞肿瘤]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/leukemia|白血病]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/liver|肝]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/lymphoma|淋巴瘤]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/skin|黑色素瘤]] *肉瘤 ::*[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/bone|骨]] ::*[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma|软组织肉瘤]] ::*[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/uterine|子宫肉瘤]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/testicular|睾丸]] *[[Special:MyLanguage/Types/thyroid|甲状腺]] 在AYA人群中,癌症是与疾病相关的死亡的主要原因。 在2011年的AYA中,只有事故,自杀和杀人案导致的生命多于癌症。 === 寻找医生和医院 === 由于年轻人中的癌症很少见,因此必须找到专门治疗您所患癌症类型的肿瘤学家。 研究发现,对于某些类型的癌症,如果采用儿科而非成人治疗方案,则年轻人可能会有更好的结果。 小儿肿瘤科医生可以治疗患有通常在儿童和青少年中发生的癌症的年轻人,例如脑瘤,白血病,骨肉瘤和尤因肉瘤。 这些医生通常隶属于[http://www.childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/locations/儿童肿瘤学组]的医院。 但是,患有成年人癌症的年轻人通常由[[Special:MyLanguage/Research/nci-role/cancer-centers|NCI指定癌症中心]]附属医院或临床研究的医学肿瘤学家进行治疗 网络,例如[[Special:MyLanguage/Research/areas/clinical-trials/nctn|NCTN]]或[https://ncorp.cancer.gov NCORP]。 了解有关寻找医生以及如何获得第二意见的更多信息 [[Special:MyLanguage/About-cancer/managing-care/services|寻找医疗保健服务]]. 当需要做出复杂的医疗决定,有不同的治疗方案可供选择,您患有罕见的癌症或对治疗计划的第一见解来自于没有其他选择的医生时,第二见解可能会特别有用。 专攻或治疗许多患有您所患癌症的年轻人。 === 治疗选择 === [[File:Aya-and-doctor-article.jpg|300px|thumb|right| '''儿童白血病治疗对年轻人也有效''' 治疗可能会成为患有这种癌症的AYA的标准治疗方法。]] 您所接受的治疗类型取决于您所患的癌症类型以及癌症的发展程度(其阶段或等级)。 您的年龄,整体健康状况和个人喜好等因素也很重要。 您的治疗选择可能包括临床试验或标准医疗服务。 *标准医疗(也称为标准护理)是专家认为适合特定疾病并被接受的治疗方法。 从[[Special:MyLanguage/Cancer_Types|A到Z的癌症清单]] 了解有关特定类型癌症的治疗信息。您还可以了解有关化学疗法,免疫疗法,放射疗法,干细胞移植,手术和靶向疗法等治疗方法的信息, [[Special:MyLanguage/About-cancer/treatment/types|治疗类型]]. * 临床试验也称为临床研究,是经过严格控制的研究,旨在测试治疗癌症等新疾病的新方法。 临床试验是通过一系列称为阶段的步骤进行的。 每个阶段旨在回答特定的医学问题。 一旦一种新的治疗方法在临床试验中被证明是安全有效的,它将成为护理的标准。 您可以获得常见问题的答案 [[Special:MyLanguage/About-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials|关于临床试验]] 并搜索有关您患有的癌症类型的临床试验。 === Fertility Preservation Options === It is important to talk with your doctor about how treatment may affect your fertility. Learn about all of your fertility preservation options and see a fertility specialist before starting treatment. Research has found that although [http://jop.ascopubs.org/content/early/2014/12/30/JOP.2014.000786.abstract?sid=9c9f2452-d95d-4da0-985a-3c10762640e1 discussions of fertility preservation between doctors and young adult cancer patientsExit Disclaimer] are becoming more common, improvements are still needed. Organizations such as [http://www.myoncofertility.org MyOncofertility.org] and [https://www.livestrong.org/we-can-help/livestrong-fertility LIVESTRONG Fertility]also provide fertility-related support and advice to young adults and health care professionals. === 应对与支持 === 癌症可能会使您与家人和朋友产生孤立感,他们可能不了解您的经历。 作为一个年轻的成年人,您可能会觉得自己在刚开始获得独立时就失去了独立性。 也许您刚上大学,找到工作或建立了家庭。 癌症诊断使大多数人情绪高昂。 由于癌症在年轻人中相对罕见,因此您可能很少遇到同龄患者。 此外,治疗可能需要远离家乡住院,这可能导致情绪孤立。 对正常状态的渴望可能使您无法与健康的同龄人分享您的癌症经历,从而增加了孤立感。 但是,您并不孤单。 癌症由一组专家治疗,这些专家不仅可以解决疾病,还可以解决您的情感和心理需求。 一些医院提供全面的支持计划。 支持可以有多种形式,包括咨询,为患有癌症的年轻人服务的组织赞助的务虚会以及支持团体。 这种支持可以减轻孤独感,并有助于恢复正常感。 患有癌症的年轻人表示,与其他年轻人建立联系特别有用,他们可以根据自己的癌症经历提供见解。 === 治疗后 === 对于许多年轻人来说,治疗的完成值得庆祝。 但是,这段时间也可能带来新的挑战。 您可能会担心癌症会复发或难以适应新的习惯。 一些年轻人进入这个新阶段时感觉更坚强,而另一些则更脆弱。 大多数年轻人说,治疗后的过渡时间比预期更长,并且更具挑战性。 虽然您在治疗期间产生的大多数副作用都会消失,但长期的副作用(例如疲劳)可能需要一些时间才能消失。 在治疗后数月甚至数年内可能不会发生其他副作用,称为后遗症。 尽管后续护理对所有幸存者都很重要,但对年轻人尤为重要。 这些检查可以使您放心,并有助于预防和/或治疗医学和心理问题。 一些年轻人在接受治疗的医院接受后续护理,其他一些人则在后期效果诊所看专科医生。 与您的医疗保健团队联系,以了解您应该接受哪些后续护理以及可能的接受护理的地点。 要获取书面副本并与您的医生讨论的两个重要文件包括: *'''治疗总结,'''以及有关您的诊断和所接受治疗类型的详细记录。 *'''生存护理计划或后续护理计划,''' 它解决了癌症治疗后应接受的身体和心理后续护理。 每个人的计划通常会有所不同,具体取决于癌症的类型和所接受的治疗。 研究发现,许多年轻的成年癌症幸存者通常不知道或低估了其后期影响的风险。 在我们的后续医疗护理部分中,了解有关幸存者的更多信息以及要问医生的问题。 ===服务AYA的组织=== 越来越多的组织满足患有癌症的AYA的需求。 一些组织可以帮助年轻人应对或经历同样事情的同龄人。 其他则涉及诸如生育和生存之类的话题。 您还可以在NCI的[http://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx Organizations That Offer Support Services]。 你不是一个人。 '''年轻人''' *[https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/young-adults-and-teenagers American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO): Cancer in Young AdultsExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.livestrong.org/we-can-help/young-adults LIVESTRONG: Adolescents and Young AdultsExit Disclaimer] *[http://seventyk.com/ SeventyKExit Disclaimer] *[https://stupidcancer.org/ Stupid CancerExit Disclaimer] *[https://ulmanfoundation.org/ Ulman FoundationExit Disclaimer] '''Teens and Adolescents''' *[https://curesearch.org/ CureSearchExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.starlight.org/ Starlight Children's FoundationExit Disclaimer] *[https://teencanceramerica.org/ Teen Cancer AmericaExit Disclaimer] *[http://13thirty.org/ 13thirty Cancer ConnectExit Disclaimer] '''应对与支持''' *[https://www.cancercare.org/ CancerCareExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.cancerandcareers.org/en Cancer and CareersExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.cancersupportcommunity.org/ Cancer Support CommunityExit Disclaimer] *[https://firstdescents.org/ First DescentsExit Disclaimer] *[https://imermanangels.org/ Imerman AngelsExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.mylifeline.org/ MyLifeLine.orgExit Disclaimer] *[http://collegiatecancer.org/ National Collegiate Cancer FoundationExit Disclaimer] '''生育能力''' *[https://oncofertility.northwestern.edu/ The Oncofertility ConsortiumExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.livestrong.org/we-can-help/livestrong-fertility LIVESTRONG FertilityExit Disclaimer] *[http://www.fertileaction.org/ Fertile ActionExit Disclaimer] '''幸存者''' *[https://www.canceradvocacy.org/ National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS)Exit Disclaimer] *[http://www.thesamfund.org/ The SAMFund for Young Adult Survivors of CancerExit Disclaimer] *[https://www.youngsurvival.org/ Young Survival Coalition (YSC)Exit Disclaimer]
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