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Cancer Types
Research/areas/biology
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Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/pediatric-immunotherapy-network
Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/prevention-early-detection
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Research/key-initiatives/ras/about
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Research/nci-role
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dfharvard
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dukeci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/emorywinship
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/foxchase
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/fredhutchcrc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/georgetownlombardi
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/hopkinskimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/indianasimon
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/iowaholden
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/irvingcolumbia
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/jeffersonkimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/kucc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mayoclinic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mdanderson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/memorialsloankettering
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/minnesotamasonic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mitkoch
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/moffitt
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/muschollings
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nebraska
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/newmexicocrtc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/northwesternlurie
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nyuci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ohsuknight
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/osujamesrs/find/casewestern
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/purdueccr
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/roswellpark
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/salk
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sanfordburnham
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stanfordci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stephenson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stjude
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sylvester-miami
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/tischmountsinai
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uabccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucdaviscc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uchicagoccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucirvinechao
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uclajonsson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucolorado
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucsfhelendiller
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uhawaiicc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ukmarkey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umdgreenebaum
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umichiganccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/unclineberger
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upennabramson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uscnorris
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utahhuntsman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utsanantonio
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utswsimmons
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uvacc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uwcarbone
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vanderbiltingram
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vcumassey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wakeforest
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/washingtonsiteman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/waynestatekarmanos
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wistar
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/yalecc
Research/nci-role/extramural
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Research/nci-role/partners-collaborators
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2015
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2017
Research/nci-role/spotlight/profiles
Research/progress/250-years-milestones
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Research/progress/discovery
Treatment/drugs/dexrazoxanehydrochloride
Treatment/drugs/mechlorethaminehydrochloride
Types/adrenocortical
Types/anal
Types/aya
Types/bladder
Types/bladder/hp/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq
Types/bladder/research
Types/bone
Types/brain
Types/breast
Types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq
Types/cervical
Types/childhood-cancers
Types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq
Types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq
Types/colorectal
Types/common-cancers
Types/esophageal
Types/extracranial-germ-cell
Types/extragonadal-germ-cell
Types/eye
Types/gallbladder
Types/gestational-trophoblastic
Types/gi-carcinoid-tumors
Types/head-and-neck
Types/kidney
Types/langerhans
Types/leukemia
Types/leukemia/clinical-trials
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq
Types/liver
Types/lung
Types/lymphoma
Types/mesothelioma
Types/metastatic-cancer
Types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq
Types/myeloma
Types/myeloproliferative
Types/neuroblastoma
Types/ovarian
Types/pancreatic
Types/parathyroid
Types/penile
Types/pheochromocytoma
Types/pituitary
Types/prostate
Types/recurrent-cancer
Types/retinoblastoma
Types/skin
Types/small-intestine
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp
Types/stomach
Types/testicular
Types/thymoma
Types/thyroid
Types/unknown-primary
Types/urethral
Types/uterine
Types/vaginal
Types/vulvar
Language
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
am - Amharic
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Turkish
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - español (formal)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Swiss German
gu - Gujarati
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardian
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<languages/> == 感觉与癌症== [[File:Sad-woman-looking-out-window-article.jpg|300px|right]] 正如癌症会影响您的身体健康一样,它会带来您不习惯应对的各种感觉。 它还可以使现有的感觉看起来更加强烈。 它们可能每天,每小时甚至每分钟更改一次。 无论您目前正在接受治疗,正在接受治疗,还是朋友或家人,都是如此。 这些感觉都是正常的。 您长大的价值观常常会影响您对癌症的思考和应对方式。 例如,有些人: :*感到自己必须坚强并保护自己的朋友和家人 :*寻求支持并求助于亲人或其他癌症幸存者 :*向辅导员或其他专业人员寻求帮助 :*转向他们的信仰来帮助他们应对 无论您做出什么决定,重要的是要做对自己合适的事情,而不要将自己与他人进行比较。 您的朋友和家人可能会有一些相同的感受。 如果您感到舒适,请与他们分享此信息。 '''不知所措''' 当您第一次得知自己患有癌症时,您可能会觉得自己的生活已失控。 这可能是因为: *您想知道您是否要生活。 *您的正常日常活动会因医生的就诊和治疗而中断。 *人们使用您不理解的医学术语。 *您觉得自己做不到自己喜欢的事情。 *您感到无助和孤独。 即使您感到失控,也有一些方法可以负责。 尽可能多地了解癌症可能会有所帮助。 您了解得越多,您就会越感到控制。 问您的医生问题,当您不了解时不要害怕说。 对于某些人来说,保持忙碌的感觉更好。 如果您精力充沛,请尝试参加音乐,手工艺,阅读或学习新事物等活动。 === 否认 === 初诊时,您可能难以相信或接受自己患有癌症的事实。 这称为拒绝。 这会有所帮助,因为它可以给您时间以适应您的诊断。 它还可以让您有时间对未来充满希望和更好。 有时,拒绝是一个严重的问题。 如果持续时间过长,可能会使您无法获得所需的治疗。 好消息是,大多数人都是通过否认来工作的。 通常,在治疗开始之时,大多数人都会接受他们患有癌症并继续前进的事实。 对于癌症患者以及他们所爱和关心的人来说,这是正确的。 ===愤怒 === 问“为什么要我”是很正常的。 对癌症生气。 您可能还会对医疗保健提供者,健康的朋友和亲人感到愤怒或不满。 如果您是宗教人士,甚至会对上帝感到愤怒。 愤怒通常来自难以表达的感觉。 常见的例子有: *恐惧 *恐慌 *挫折 *焦虑 *无助 如果您感到生气,则不必假装一切都很好。 保留在您体内不健康。 与您的家人和朋友谈论您的愤怒。 或者,请您的医生将您转介给辅导员。 并且要知道,愤怒可能会有所帮助,因为它可以激发您采取行动。 === 恐惧与忧虑 === 听到您患有癌症的消息令人恐惧。 您可能担心或担心: *由于癌症或治疗而痛苦 *治疗后感到不适或看起来与众不同 *照顾你的家人 *支付账单 *继续工作 *垂死 对癌症的某些担心是基于故事,谣言或错误的信息。 为了应对恐惧和忧虑,通常会有所帮助。 大多数人在了解事实时会感觉更好。 他们不那么害怕,知道会发生什么。 了解您的癌症,并了解如何成为积极的护理伙伴。 一些研究甚至表明,对自己的疾病和治疗有充分了解的人们比那些对疾病和治疗情况了解多的人更有可能遵循他们的治疗计划,并更快地从癌症中康复。 ===希望=== [[File:Woman-praying-article.jpg|300px|right]] 一旦人们承认自己患有癌症,他们通常会感到一种希望。 有很多理由感到充满希望。 今天,数百万患有癌症的人还活着。 现在,您罹患癌症以及超越癌症的机会比以往任何时候都更好。 癌症患者即使在治疗期间也可以过着积极的生活。 一些医生认为,希望可以帮助您的身体应对癌症。 因此,科学家正在研究是否有希望的前景和积极的态度能帮助人们感觉更好。 以下是一些建立希望感的方法: *一如既往地计划您的日子。 *不要仅仅因为患有癌症就限制自己喜欢做的事情。 *寻找有希望的理由。 如果有帮助,请将它们写下来或与他人讨论。 *花时间在大自然中。 *反思您的宗教或精神信仰。 *听有关过着积极生活的癌症患者的故事。 === 压力和焦虑 === 在治疗过程中和治疗后,在您经历的所有生活变化中承受压力是正常的。 焦虑意味着您特别担心,无法放松并感到紧张。 您可能会注意到: *您的心脏跳动更快。 *您有头痛或肌肉疼痛。 *你不想吃东西。 或者你吃更多。 *您会感到肠胃不适或腹泻。 *您会感到摇晃,虚弱或头晕。 *您的喉咙和胸部有紧绷的感觉。 *你睡得太多或太少。 *您发现很难集中精力。 如果您有这些感觉,请咨询您的医生。 尽管它们是压力的常见征兆,但您还是要确保它们不是由于药物或治疗引起的。 压力可以使您的身体保持正常的健康状态。 如果您担心自己的压力,请请医生建议一名辅导员与您交谈。 您也可以参加一堂讲解压力的课程。 关键是找到控制压力的方法,而不是让压力控制您的方法。 ===悲伤与沮丧=== 许多癌症患者感到难过。 他们感到自己失去了健康,失去了生命,并在得知自己患有这种疾病之前就失去了生命。 即使您已接受治疗,您仍可能会感到难过。 这是对任何严重疾病的正常反应。 可能需要一些时间来完成并接受所有正在发生的更改。 伤心时,您可能精力不足,感到疲倦或不想吃饭。 对于某些人来说,这些感觉会随着时间的流逝而消失或减轻。 但是对于其他人,这些情绪会变得更强烈。 痛苦的感觉并没有得到改善,它们阻碍了日常生活。 这可能是称为抑郁症的医学状况。 对于某些人来说,癌症治疗可能通过改变大脑的工作方式而加剧了这个问题。 === 获得抑郁症的帮助=== 抑郁症可以治疗。 以下是抑郁症的常见征兆。 如果您有以下任何征兆超过2周,请与您的医生谈谈治疗方法。 请注意,其中某些症状可能是由于身体问题引起的,因此与您的医生讨论这些症状很重要。 情绪标志: *悲伤的感觉不会消失 *情绪麻木 *感到紧张或动摇 *感到内gui或不值得 *感到无助或无望,仿佛生活没有意义 *脾气暴躁,喜怒无常 *难以集中精力,感到分散 *长时间哭或每天哭泣 *专注于忧虑和问题 *对您过去喜欢的爱好和活动没有兴趣 *发现很难享受日常事物,例如食物或与家人和朋友在一起 *考虑伤害自己 *关于自杀的想法 身体变化: *不是由于疾病或治疗引起的意外体重增加或减少 *睡眠问题,例如无法入睡,做噩梦或睡眠过多 *心脏跳动,口干,出汗增加,胃部不适,腹泻 *能量水平的变化 *疲劳不会消失 *头痛,其他疼痛和痛苦 如果您的医生认为您患有抑郁症,他或她可能会给您服药以帮助您减轻紧张感。 或者,他或她可能会将您推荐给其他专家。 不要以为您应该自己控制这些感觉。 获得所需的帮助对您的生活和健康至关重要。 === 有罪 === 如果您感到内gui,请知道许多癌症患者都会有这种感觉。 您可能会因为惹恼您所爱的人而责备自己,或者担心您在某种程度上成为负担。 或者,您可能会羡慕他人的身体健康,并为此感到ham愧。 您甚至可能会因自己认为可能导致癌症的生活方式选择而自责。 这些感觉都很普遍。 它可以帮助您与他人共享它们。 让您的医生知道您是否想与辅导员交谈或去支持小组。 当我开始因自己的病而感到内时,我想到了小孩患癌症的几率。 这使我意识到癌症可能会发生。 不是我的错 贝基 ===孤独感=== 癌症患者通常会感到孤独或与他人疏远。 这可能是由于多种原因: *朋友有时很难应付癌症,因此可能不会拜访或致电给您。 *您可能会感到厌倦,无法参加以前喜欢的爱好和活动。 *有时,即使您与您所关心的人在一起,您也会觉得没有人了解您正在经历的事情。 '''治疗后感到孤独也是正常的。''' 您可能会错过从医疗团队获得的支持。 许多人感觉他们的安全网已被拉走,他们受到的关注也较少。 通常仍然会与某些朋友或家人分离。 他们中的一些人可能认为现在治疗结束了,尽管事实可能并非如此,但您很快就会恢复正常。 其他人可能想提供帮助,但不知道如何。 以不同的方式寻求情感上的支持。 它可以帮助您与其他罹患癌症的人交谈或加入支持小组。 或者,您可能会觉得只与亲密的朋友或家人,顾问或您的信仰或精神社区的成员交谈会更好。 做适合自己的事情。 === 感谢 === 有些人将他们的癌症视为“警钟”。 他们意识到享受生活中的小事情的重要性。 他们去了从未去过的地方。 他们完成了他们已经开始但被搁置的项目。 他们花更多的时间与朋友和家人在一起。 他们修补破裂的关系。 起初可能很难,但是如果您患有癌症,就可以在生活中找到快乐。 注意每天做的使您微笑的事情。 他们可以很简单,例如喝一杯好咖啡,与孩子在一起或与朋友聊天。 您还可以做一些对您来说更特别的事情,例如在大自然中或在对您有意义的地方祈祷。 或者,它可能是您喜欢的一项运动或烹饪一顿美餐。 无论您选择什么,只要有可能就拥抱能给您带来欢乐的事物。 === 应对情绪的方法=== '''表达你的感情''' 人们已经发现,当他们表达强烈的情绪(如愤怒或悲伤)时,他们更有能力将其释放。 有些人通过与朋友或家人,其他癌症幸存者,支持小组或咨询员交谈来理清自己的感受。 但是,即使您不想与他人讨论您的癌症,您仍然可以通过考虑或写下来来梳理您的感受。 '''寻找积极''' 有时,这意味着即使在糟糕的时候也要寻求好处,或者要充满希望,而不是思考最坏的情况。 试着用精力专注于健康,以及现在可以做些什么以保持健康。 '''不要为癌症而责备自己''' 有些人认为自己患癌症是因为他们做了或没做过。 但是科学家们不知道为什么一个人得癌症而一个人得癌症。 所有人都不一样。 请记住,任何人都可能发生癌症。 '''如果您不满意,请不要乐观''' 许多人说,他们有时希望有自由来表达自己的感受。 正如一位妇女所说:“当情况真的变得很糟时,我只是告诉家人,我正处于癌症的糟糕时期,上楼爬上床。” '''您选择何时谈论您的癌症''' 人们可能很难知道如何与您谈论您的癌症。 亲人通常表示好,但他们不知道该说些什么或怎么做。 通过询问他们的想法或感受,可以使他们更放心。 '''寻找帮助自己放松的方法''' 无论什么活动有助于您放松身心,您都应该花一些时间来做。 冥想,引导性的想象和放松运动只是一些可以帮助他人的方法; 当您感到担心时,这些可以帮助您放松。 '''尽可能积极''' 出门做点事情可以帮助您专注于除癌症及其带来的烦恼之外的其他事情。 锻炼或轻柔的瑜伽和伸展运动也有帮助。 '''寻找您喜欢的事物''' 您可能喜欢木工,摄影,阅读或手工艺品之类的爱好。 或找到创意渠道,例如艺术,电影,音乐或舞蹈。 '''看看你能控制什么''' 有人说让生活井井有条会有帮助。 可以控制自己的工作,包括参与医疗保健,保持约会和改变生活方式。 即使设置每日时间表也可以使您有所控制。 尽管没有人能控制每一个想法,但有些人却说,他们不要只停留在恐惧的思想上,而是尽其所能享受生活的积极部分。
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