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Cancer Types
Research/areas/biology
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Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/pediatric-immunotherapy-network
Research/key-initiatives/moonshot-cancer-initiative/implementation/prevention-early-detection
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Research/key-initiatives/ras/about
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Research/nci-role
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dfharvard
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/dukeci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/emorywinship
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/foxchase
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/fredhutchcrc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/georgetownlombardi
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/hopkinskimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/indianasimon
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/iowaholden
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/irvingcolumbia
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/jeffersonkimmel
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/kucc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mayoclinic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mdanderson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/memorialsloankettering
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/minnesotamasonic
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/mitkoch
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/moffitt
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/muschollings
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nebraska
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/newmexicocrtc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/northwesternlurie
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/nyuci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ohsuknight
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/osujamesrs/find/casewestern
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/purdueccr
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/roswellpark
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/salk
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sanfordburnham
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stanfordci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stephenson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/stjude
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/sylvester-miami
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/tischmountsinai
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uabccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucdaviscc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uchicagoccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucirvinechao
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uclajonsson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucolorado
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Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ucsfhelendiller
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uhawaiicc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/ukmarkey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umdgreenebaum
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/umichiganccc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/unclineberger
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upci
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/upennabramson
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uscnorris
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utahhuntsman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utsanantonio
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/utswsimmons
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uvacc
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/uwcarbone
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vanderbiltingram
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/vcumassey
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wakeforest
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/washingtonsiteman
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/waynestatekarmanos
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/wistar
Research/nci-role/cancer-centers/find/yalecc
Research/nci-role/extramural
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Research/nci-role/partners-collaborators
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2015
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Research/nci-role/spotlight/oia/2017
Research/nci-role/spotlight/profiles
Research/progress/250-years-milestones
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Research/progress/discovery
Treatment/drugs/dexrazoxanehydrochloride
Treatment/drugs/mechlorethaminehydrochloride
Types/adrenocortical
Types/anal
Types/aya
Types/bladder
Types/bladder/hp/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-screening-pdq
Types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq
Types/bladder/research
Types/bone
Types/brain
Types/breast
Types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq
Types/cervical
Types/childhood-cancers
Types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq
Types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq
Types/colorectal
Types/common-cancers
Types/esophageal
Types/extracranial-germ-cell
Types/extragonadal-germ-cell
Types/eye
Types/gallbladder
Types/gestational-trophoblastic
Types/gi-carcinoid-tumors
Types/head-and-neck
Types/kidney
Types/langerhans
Types/leukemia
Types/leukemia/clinical-trials
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq
Types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq
Types/liver
Types/lung
Types/lymphoma
Types/mesothelioma
Types/metastatic-cancer
Types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq
Types/myeloma
Types/myeloproliferative
Types/neuroblastoma
Types/ovarian
Types/pancreatic
Types/parathyroid
Types/penile
Types/pheochromocytoma
Types/pituitary
Types/prostate
Types/recurrent-cancer
Types/retinoblastoma
Types/skin
Types/small-intestine
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma
Types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp
Types/stomach
Types/testicular
Types/thymoma
Types/thyroid
Types/unknown-primary
Types/urethral
Types/uterine
Types/vaginal
Types/vulvar
Language
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
am - Amharic
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Turkish
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - español (formal)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Swiss German
gu - Gujarati
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kg - Kongo
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Maori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mr - Marathi
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
mt - Maltese
mus - Creek
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Min Nan Chinese
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nov - Novial
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nys - Nyunga
oc - Occitan
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rm - Romansh
rmy - Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rw - Kinyarwanda
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Sakha
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - cебертатар
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
szl - Silesian
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
war - Waray
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu Chinese
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yue - Cantonese
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
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<languages/> == 免疫抑制== 许多接受器官移植的人会服用药物来抑制免疫系统，以使身体不会排斥器官。 这些“免疫抑制”药物使免疫系统无法检测和破坏癌细胞或抵抗引起癌症的感染。 感染艾滋病毒还会削弱免疫系统并增加某些癌症的风险。 研究表明，移植接受者罹患大量不同癌症的风险增加。 这些癌症中的某些可能是由传染原引起的，而其他则不是。 非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）和肺，肾和肝癌是移植受者中最常见的四种癌症，在这些个体中发生的比例比普通人群高。 NHL可能是由爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）感染引起的，而肝癌则是由乙型肝炎（HBV）和丙型肝炎（HCV）病毒的慢性感染引起的。 通常认为肺癌和肾癌与感染无关。 艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者也增加了由包括EBV在内的传染源引起的癌症风险； 人疱疹病毒8或卡波西肉瘤相关病毒； 乙肝和丙肝病毒，引起肝癌； 和人类乳头瘤病毒，会引起宫颈癌，肛门癌，口咽癌和其他癌症。 HIV感染还与被认为不是由传染原引起的癌症风险增加有关，例如肺癌。 有关更多信息，请参见“ HIV感染和癌症风险”实况报道以及有关移植相关免疫抑制和癌症的视频。
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