About-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/zh

辐射

某些波长的辐射（称为电离辐射）具有足够的能量来破坏DNA并引起癌症。 电离辐射包括ra，X射线，伽马射线和其他形式的高能辐射。 尚未发现低能，非电离形式的辐射，例如可见光和手机的能量，会导致人患癌症。

氡

on是岩石和土壤释放出的放射性气体。 当放射性元素镭分解时会形成。 当放射性元素铀和or分解时，又形成了镭。 ra含量高的人患肺癌的风险增加。

如果您生活在该国岩石和土壤中high含量高的地区，则不妨测试一下此气体。 家用don测试易于使用且成本不高。 大多数五金店都出售测试套件。 有许多方法可以将房屋中的ra量降低到安全水平。 有关ra的更多信息，请参见Radon页面以及Radon and Cancer情况说明书。

X射线和其他辐射源

X射线，γ射线，α粒子，β粒子和中子等高能辐射会损坏DNA并引起癌症。 这些辐射形式可能在核电厂发生事故时以及在制造，测试或使用原子武器时释放。

Certain medical procedures, such as chest x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and radiation therapy can also cause cell damage that leads to cancer. However, the risks of cancer from these medical procedures are very small, and the benefit from having them is almost always greater than the risks.

Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk for cancer because you were exposed to radiation. People considering CT scans should talk with their doctors about whether the procedure is necessary for them and about its risks and benefits. Cancer patients may want to talk with their doctors about how radiation treatment could increase their risk for a second cancer later on.

For more information, see the fact sheets on Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer Risk and Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer.