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| 如果您被诊断出患有癌症,为您的癌症护理找到医生和治疗设施是获得最佳治疗的重要一步。 | | 如果您被诊断出患有癌症,为您的癌症护理找到医生和治疗设施是获得最佳治疗的重要一步。 |
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− | You will have many things to consider when choosing a doctor. It’s important for you to feel comfortable with the specialist that you choose because you will be working closely with that person to make decisions about your cancer treatment.
| + | 选择医生时,您将需要考虑很多事情。 与您选择的专家相处融洽对您很重要,因为您将与该人紧密合作,以制定有关癌症治疗的决定。 |
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− | === Choosing a Doctor === | + | === 选择医生=== |
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− | When choosing a doctor for your cancer care, it may be helpful to know some of the terms used to describe a doctor’s training and credentials. Most physicians who treat people with cancer are medical doctors (they have an M.D. degree) or osteopathic doctors (they have a D.O. degree). Standard training includes 4 years of study at a college or university, 4 years of medical school, and 3 to 7 years of postgraduate medical education through internships and residencies. Doctors must pass an exam to become licensed to practice medicine in their state.
| + | 在选择要进行癌症治疗的医生时,了解一些用来描述医生的培训和证书的术语可能会有所帮助。 治疗癌症患者的大多数医生是内科医生(他们有医学博士学位)或骨病医生(他们有医学博士学位)。 标准培训包括在大专或大学学习4年,在医学院学习4年,以及通过实习和住院医生接受3至7年的研究生医学教育。 医生必须通过考试,才能获得在本州执业的执照。 |
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− | Specialists are doctors who have done their residency training in a specific field such as internal medicine. Independent specialty boards certify physicians after they have met needed requirements, including meeting certain education and training standards, being licensed to practice medicine, and passing an examination given by their specialty board. Once they have met these requirements, physicians are said to be “board certified.”
| + | 专家是在特定领域(例如内科医学)进行过住院医师培训的医生。 独立的专业委员会会在满足必要条件后对医师进行认证,包括满足某些教育和培训标准,获得执业医师执照并通过其专业委员会的考试。 一旦满足这些要求,就可以说医生已获得“主板认证”。 |
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− | Some specialists who treat cancer are:
| + | 一些治疗癌症的专家是: |
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− | *'''Medical Oncologist''': specializes in treating cancer | + | *'''医学肿瘤科医生''': 专门治疗癌症 |
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− | *'''Hematologist''': focuses on diseases of the blood and related tissues, including the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes | + | *'''血液科医师''': 专注于血液和相关组织的疾病,包括骨髓,脾脏和淋巴结肿大 |
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− | *'''Radiation oncologist''': uses x-rays and other forms of radiation to diagnose and treat disease | + | *'''放射肿瘤学家''': 使用X射线和其他形式的辐射来诊断和治疗疾病 |
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− | *'''Surgeon''': performs operations on almost any area of the body and may specialize in a certain type of surgery | + | *'''外科医生''': 在身体的几乎任何区域执行手术,并且可能专门从事某种类型的手术 |
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− | '''Finding a doctor who specializes in cancer care''' | + | '''寻找专门从事癌症护理的医生''' |
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− | To find a doctor who specializes in cancer care, ask your primary care doctor to suggest someone. Or you may know of a specialist through the experience of a friend of family member. Also, your local hospital should be able to provide you with a list of specialists who practice there.
| + | 要找到专门从事癌症护理的医生,请您的初级保健医生推荐一个人。 或者您可能会通过家人朋友的经验认识一位专家。 另外,您当地的医院应该能够为您提供在那儿执业的专家清单。 |
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− | Another option for finding a doctor is your nearest NCI-designated cancer center. The Find a Cancer Center page provides contact information to help health care providers and cancer patients with referrals to all NCI-designated cancer centers in the United States.
| + | 寻找医生的另一种选择是离您最近的NCI指定的癌症中心。 查找癌症中心页面提供联系信息,以帮助医疗保健提供者和癌症患者转介到美国所有由NCI指定的癌症中心。 |
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− | The online directories listed below may also help you find a cancer care specialist.
| + | 下面列出的在线目录还可以帮助您找到癌症护理专家。 |
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− | *The American Board of Medical Specialists (ABMS), which creates and implements the standards for certifying and evaluating doctors, has a list of doctors that have met specific requirements and passed specialty exams. See Is Your Doctor Board Certified?Exit Disclaimer | + | *美国医学专家委员会(ABMS)创建并实施了认证和评估医生的标准,其中列出了满足特定要求并通过专业考试的医生。 请参阅您的医生委员会是否通过认证?退出免责声明 |
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− | *The American Medical Association (AMA) DoctorFinderExit Disclaimer provides information on licensed doctors in the United States. | + | *美国医学会(AMA)DoctorFinderExit免责声明提供了有关美国持牌医生的信息。 |
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− | *The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) member databaseExit Disclaimer has the names and affiliations of nearly 30,000 oncologists worldwide. | + | *美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)成员数据库退出免责声明拥有全球近30,000名肿瘤学家的姓名和隶属关系。 |
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− | *The American College of Surgeons (ACoS) lists member surgeons by region and specialty in their Find a SurgeonExit Disclaimer database. The ACoS can also be reached at 1–800–621–4111. | + | *美国外科医生学院(ACoS)在其“查找外科医生退出免责声明”数据库中按地区和专业列出了成员外科医生。 也可以在1–800–621–4111达到ACoS。 |
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− | *The American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Find a DoctorExit Disclaimer database provides an online list of practicing osteopathic physicians who are AOA members. The AOA can also be reached at 1–800–621–1773. | + | *美国整骨疗法协会(AOA)查找DoctorExit免责声明数据库提供了AOA会员的执业骨病医师的在线列表。 也可以在1–800–621–1773处达到AOA。 |
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− | Local medical societies may also maintain lists of doctors in each specialty for you to check. Public and medical libraries may have print directories of doctors’ names listed geographically by specialty.
| + | 当地医学会可能还会维护每个专业的医生名单,以供您检查。 公共图书馆和医学图书馆可能会按专业列出按地理位置列出医生姓名的印刷目录。 |
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− | Depending on your health insurance plan, your choice may be limited to doctors who participate in your plan. Your insurance company can give you a list of doctors who take part in your plan. It’s important to contact the office of the doctor you’re considering to be sure that he or she is accepting new patients through your plan. It’s also important to do this if you’re using a federal or state health insurance program such as Medicare or Medicaid.
| + | 根据您的健康保险计划,您的选择可能仅限于参与该计划的医生。 您的保险公司可以给您一份参加您的计划的医生名单。 请务必与您正在考虑的医生办公室联系,以确保他或她正在通过您的计划接受新患者。 如果您使用的是联邦或州的医疗保险计划(例如Medicare或Medicaid),那么这样做也很重要。 |
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− | If you can change health insurance plans, you may want to decide which doctor you would like to use first and then choose the plan that includes your chosen physician. You also have the option of seeing a doctor outside your plan and paying more of the costs yourself.
| + | 如果您可以更改健康保险计划,则可能需要先决定要使用哪个医生,然后再选择包含您选择的医生的计划。 您还可以选择在计划之外看医生,然后自己支付更多费用。 |
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− | To help make your decision when you’re considering what doctor to choose, think about if the doctor:
| + | 为了在您考虑选择哪种医生时做出决定,请考虑一下该医生是否: |
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− | *Has the education and training needed to meet your needs | + | *有满足您需要的教育和培训 |
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− | *Has someone who covers for them if they are unavailable and who would have access to your medical records | + | *如果有人不可用,请有人为他们掩盖,并且可以访问您的病历 |
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− | *Has a helpful support staff | + | *有乐于助人的支持人员 |
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− | *Explains things clearly, listens to you, and treats you with respect | + | *清楚地说明事物,倾听您的意见,并尊重您 |
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− | *Encourages you to ask questions | + | *鼓励您提出问题 |
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− | *Has office hours that meet your needs | + | *有满足您需求的办公时间 |
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− | *Is easy to get an appointment with | + | *容易约好 |
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− | If you are choosing a surgeon, you will want to ask:
| + | 如果您选择的是外科医生,您将要问: |
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− | *Are they board certified? | + | *他们通过董事会认证吗? |
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− | *How often do they perform the type of surgery you need? | + | *他们多久执行一次您需要的手术类型? |
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− | *How many of these procedures have they performed? | + | *他们执行了多少这些程序? |
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− | *At what hospital(s) do they practice? | + | *他们在什么医院工作? |
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− | It’s important for you to feel good about the doctor you choose. You will be working with this person closely as you make decisions about your cancer treatment.
| + | 重要的是要让您选择的医生感觉良好。 在决定癌症治疗时,您将与这个人紧密合作。 |
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− | === Getting a Second Opinion === | + | === 获得第二意见=== |
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− | After you talk to a doctor about the diagnosis and treatment plan for your cancer, you may want to get another doctor’s opinion before you begin treatment. This is known as getting a second opinion. You can do this by asking another specialist to review all the materials related to your case. The doctor who gives the second opinion may agree with the treatment plan proposed by your first doctor, or they may suggest changes or another approach. Either way, getting a second opinion may:
| + | 与医生讨论癌症的诊断和治疗计划后,您可能需要征询另一位医生的意见,然后再开始治疗。 这被称为获得第二意见。 为此,您可以请另一位专家审查与您的案件有关的所有材料。 提出第二种意见的医生可能会同意您的第一位医生提出的治疗计划,或者可能会建议您进行更改或采取其他方法。 无论哪种方式,获得第二意见都可能: |
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− | *Give you more information | + | *给你更多信息 |
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− | *Answer any questions you may have | + | *回答您可能有的任何问题 |
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− | *Give you a greater sense of control | + | *给您更大的控制感 |
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− | *Help you feel more confident, knowing you have explored all your options | + | *知道您已经探索了所有选择,帮助您感到更加自信 |
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− | Getting a second opinion is very common. Yet some patients worry that their doctor will be offended if they ask for a second opinion. Usually the opposite is true. Most doctors welcome a second opinion. And many health insurance companies pay for a second opinion or even require them, particularly if a doctor recommends surgery.
| + | 获得第二意见非常普遍。 然而,有些患者担心,如果他们要求第二意见,他们的医生会被冒犯。 通常情况恰好相反。 大多数医生欢迎第二意见。 许多健康保险公司会支付第二意见,甚至要求他们提供意见,特别是如果医生建议手术的话。 |
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− | When talking with your doctor about getting a second opinion, it may be helpful to express that you’re satisfied with your care but want to be certain you’re as informed as possible about your treatment options. It’s best to involve your doctor in the process of getting a second opinion, because he or she will need to make your medical records (such as your test results and x-rays) available to the doctor giving the second opinion. You may wish to bring a family member along for support when asking for a second opinion.
| + | 与医生商讨第二意见时,可能会有所帮助,表示您对自己的护理感到满意,但希望确保您尽可能了解有关治疗方案的信息。 最好让您的医生参与第二观点的治疗,因为他(她)需要向第二观点的医生提供您的病历(例如您的检查结果和X光片)。 您可能需要家人陪同寻求第二意见。 |
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− | If your doctor can’t suggest another specialist for a second opinion, many of the resources listed above for finding a doctor can help you find a specialist for a second opinion. You can also call NCI’s Contact Center at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) for guidance.
| + | 如果您的医生无法建议另一位专家接受第二意见,那么上面列出的许多寻找医生的资源都可以帮助您找到第二位专家。 您也可以致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI的联系中心以获取指导。 |
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− | === Choosing a Treatment Facility === | + | ===选择治疗设施 === |
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− | As with choosing a doctor, your choice of facilities may be limited to those that take part in your health insurance plan. If you have already found a doctor for your cancer treatment, you may need to choose a treatment facility based on where your doctor practices. Or your doctor may be able to recommend a facility that provides quality care to meet your needs.
| + | 与选择医生一样,您选择的设施可能仅限于参加您的健康保险计划的那些设施。 如果您已经找到可以治疗癌症的医生,则可能需要根据医生的执业地点选择治疗设施。 或者您的医生可能会推荐可以提供优质护理的设施,以满足您的需求。 |
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− | Some questions to ask when considering a treatment facility are:
| + | 考虑使用治疗设施时,需要提出以下问题: |
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− | *Does it have experience and success in treating my condition? | + | *它在治疗我的疾病方面有经验和成功吗? |
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− | *Has it been rated by state, consumer, or other groups for its quality of care? | + | *是否已按州,消费者或其他团体的护理质量进行了评级? |
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− | *How does it check on and work to improve its quality of care? | + | *它如何检查和改善其护理质量? |
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− | *Has it been approved by a nationally recognized accrediting body, such as the ACS Commission on Cancer and/or The Joint Commission? | + | *它是否已获得ACS癌症委员会和/或联合委员会等国家认可的认可机构的批准? |
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− | *Does it explain patients’ rights and responsibilities? Are copies of this information available to patients? | + | *它可以解释患者的权利和责任吗? 患者可以获取这些信息的副本吗? |
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− | *Does it offer support services, such as social workers and resources, to help me find financial assistance if I need it? | + | *它是否提供支持服务,例如社会工作者和资源,以在需要时帮助我找到经济援助? |
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− | *Is it conveniently located? | + | *位置便利吗? |
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− | If you belong to a health insurance plan, ask your insurance company if the facility you are choosing is approved by your plan. If you decide to pay for treatment yourself because you choose to go outside of your network or don’t have insurance, discuss the possible costs with your doctor beforehand. You will want to talk to the hospital billing department as well. Nurses and social workers may also be able to give you more information about coverage, eligibility, and insurance issues.
| + | 如果您属于健康保险计划,请询问您的保险公司,您所选择的设施是否已被计划批准。 如果您由于选择离开网络或没有保险而决定自己支付治疗费用,请事先与医生讨论可能的费用。 您也将要与医院计费部门联系。 护士和社会工作者也可以为您提供有关承保范围,资格和保险问题的更多信息。 |
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− | The following resources may help you find a hospital or treatment facility for your care:
| + | 以下资源可以帮助您找到要护理的医院或治疗设施: |
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− | *NCI’s Find a Cancer Center page provides contact information for NCI-designated cancer centers located throughout the country. | + | *NCI的“查找癌症中心”页面提供了遍布全国的NCI指定的癌症中心的联系信息。 |
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− | *The American College of Surgeon’s (ACoS’s) Commission on Cancer (CoC). The ACoS website has a searchable database Exit Disclaimerof cancer care programs they have accredited. They can also be reached at 1-312-202-5085 or by e-mail at CoC@facs.org. | + | *美国外科医生学院(ACoS)癌症委员会(CoC)。 ACoS网站有一个可搜索的数据库,该数据库已获得他们认可的癌症治疗计划的“退出免责声明”。 也可以通过1-312-202-5085或通过电子邮件CoC@facs.org与他们联系。 |
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− | *The Joint Commission Exit Disclaimerevaluates and accredits health care organizations and programs in the United States. It also provides guidance about choosing a treatment facility, and offers an online Quality Check®Exit Disclaimer service that patients can use to check whether a specific facility has been accredited by the Joint Commission and to view its performance reports. They also can be reached at 1-630-792-5000. | + | *联合委员会出口不公开评估和认证美国的医疗保健组织和计划。 它还提供有关选择治疗设施的指南,并提供在线QualityCheck®退出免责声明服务,患者可以使用该服务检查联合委员会是否认可了特定设施并查看其绩效报告。 也可以拨打1-630-792-5000与他们联系。 |
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− | For more information or assistance about finding a treatment facility, call NCI’s Contact Center at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
| + | 有关寻找治疗机构的更多信息或帮助,请致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI的联系中心。 |
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− | '''Getting Treatment in the United States if You Are Not a U.S. Citizen''' | + | '''如果您不是美国公民,请在美国接受治疗''' |
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− | Some people who live outside the United States may wish to obtain a second opinion or have their cancer treatment in this country. Many facilities in the United States offer these services to international cancer patients. They may also provide support services, such as language interpretation or help with travel and finding lodging near the treatment facility.
| + | 一些居住在美国以外的人可能希望获得第二意见或在该国接受癌症治疗。 美国的许多机构都为国际癌症患者提供这些服务。 他们还可能提供支持服务,例如语言翻译或在治疗设施附近提供旅行和寻找住所的帮助。 |
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− | If you live outside the United States and would like to get cancer treatment in this country, you should contact cancer treatment facilities directly to find out whether they have an international patient office. The NCI-Designated Cancer Centers Find a Cancer Center page offers contact information for NCI-designated cancer centers throughout the United States.
| + | 如果您居住在美国以外的地区并且想在该国接受癌症治疗,则应直接与癌症治疗机构联系,以了解他们是否设有国际患者办公室。 NCI指定的癌症中心“查找癌症中心”页面提供了整个美国NCI指定的癌症中心的联系信息。 |
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− | Citizens of other countries who are planning to travel to the United States for cancer treatment must first obtain a nonimmigrant visa for medical treatment from the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in their home country. Visa applicants must show that they:
| + | 计划前往美国进行癌症治疗的其他国家/地区的公民,必须首先从其本国的美国大使馆或领事馆获得非移民签证以进行治疗。 签证申请人必须证明他们: |
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− | *Want to come to the United States for medical treatment | + | *想来美国求医 |
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− | *Plan to stay for a specific, limited period | + | *计划在特定的有限时间内停留 |
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− | *Have funds to cover expenses in the United States | + | *有足够的资金来支付美国的开支 |
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− | *Have a residence and social and economic ties outside the United States | + | *在美国境外拥有住所以及社会和经济联系 |
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− | *Intend to return to their home country | + | *打算返回自己的祖国 |
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− | To find out the fees and documents needed for the nonimmigrant visa and to learn more about the application process, contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in your home country. A list of links to the websites of U.S. Embassies and Consulates worldwide can be found on the U.S. Department of State’s website.
| + | 要查找非移民签证所需的费用和文件,并详细了解申请程序,请与您本国的美国大使馆或领事馆联系。 在美国国务院的网站上可以找到指向全球美国大使馆和领事馆网站的链接列表。 |
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− | More information about nonimmigrant visa services is available on the U.S. State Department Visitor Visa page. If you are planning to travel to the United States, make sure to check the page for any possible updates or changes.
| + | 有关非移民签证服务的更多信息,请访问美国国务院访客签证页面。 如果您打算前往美国,请确保检查页面上是否有任何可能的更新或更改。 |
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− | '''Finding a treatment facility outside the United States''' | + | '''在美国以外寻找治疗设施''' |
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− | Cancer information services are available in many countries to provide information and answer questions about cancer. They may also be able to help you find a cancer treatment facility close to where you live.
| + | 许多国家/地区都提供癌症信息服务,以提供信息并回答有关癌症的问题。 他们也许还可以帮助您在您居住的地方附近找到一个癌症治疗机构。 |
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− | The International Cancer Information Service Group (ICISG), a worldwide network of more than 70 organizations that deliver cancer information, has a listExit Disclaimer of cancer information services on their website. Or you can email Exit DisclaimerICISG for questions or comments.
| + | 国际癌症信息服务集团(ICISG)是一个由70多个提供癌症信息的组织组成的全球网络,其网站上列出了癌症信息服务的退出免责声明。 或者,您可以通过电子邮件发送“退出免责声明” ICISG以获得问题或评论。 |
| | | |
− | The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Exit Disclaimeris another resource for people living outside the United States who want to find a cancer treatment facility. The UICC consists of international cancer-related organizations devoted to the worldwide fight against cancer. These organizations serve as resources for the public and may have helpful information about cancer and treatment facilities. To find a resource in or near your country, you may send the UICC an emailExit Disclaimer or contact them at:
| + | 国际癌症控制联盟(UICC)退出免责声明为居住在美国境外希望找到癌症治疗机构的人们提供了另一种资源。 UICC由致力于全球抗击癌症的国际癌症相关组织组成。 这些组织是公众的资源,并且可能具有有关癌症和治疗设施的有用信息。 要在您所在国家或附近找到资源,您可以向UICC发送电子邮件退出免责声明,或通过以下方式与他们联系: |
| | | |
− | Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
| + | 国际癌症控制联盟(UICC) |
− | 62 route de Frontenex
| + | 弗朗特内克斯路62号 |
− | 1207 Geneva
| + | 1207日内瓦 |
− | Switzerland
| + | 瑞士 |
| + 41 22 809 1811 | | + 41 22 809 1811 |
| | | |
− | === Finding Health Insurance === | + | ===寻找健康保险 === |
| | | |
− | The Affordable Care Act changes how health insurance works in the United States, with implications for the prevention, screening, and treatment of cancer. Under this health care law, most Americans are required to have health insurance.
| + | 《平价医疗法案》改变了健康保险在美国的运作方式,对癌症的预防,筛查和治疗产生了影响。 根据这项医疗保健法,大多数美国人都必须拥有健康保险。 |
| | | |
− | If you do not have health insurance or want to look at new options, the online Health Insurance Marketplace lets you compare plans in your state based on price, benefits, quality, and other needs you may have. To learn about the Health Insurance Marketplace and your new coverage options, please go to Healthcare.gov or CuidadoDeSalud.gov or call toll-free at 1-800-318-2596 (TTY: 1-855-889-4325).
| + | 如果您没有健康保险,或者想查看新的选择,则在线健康保险市场可让您根据价格,福利,质量和其他可能的需求比较您所在州的计划。 要了解有关健康保险市场和您的新保险选项的信息,请访问Healthcare.gov或CuidadoDeSalud.gov或致电1-800-318-2596(TTY:1-855-889-4325)拨打免费电话。 |
| | | |
− | ===Home Care Services=== | + | ===家庭护理服务=== |
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− | Sometimes patients want to be cared for at home so they can be in familiar surroundings with family and friends. Home care services can help patients stay at home by using a team approach with doctors, nurses, social workers, physical therapists, and others.
| + | 有时,患者希望在家中得到照顾,以便可以与家人和朋友在熟悉的环境中。 家庭护理服务可以通过与医生,护士,社会工作者,理疗师及其他人员一起使用团队方法来帮助患者留在家里。 |
| | | |
− | If the patient qualifies for home care services, such services may include:
| + | 如果患者有资格获得家庭护理服务,则此类服务可能包括: |
| | | |
− | *Managing symptoms and monitoring care | + | *管理症状并监督护理 |
| | | |
− | *Delivery of medications | + | *药物输送 |
| | | |
− | *Physical therapy | + | *物理疗法 |
| | | |
− | *Emotional and spiritual care | + | *情感和精神关怀 |
| | | |
− | *Help with preparing meals and personal hygiene | + | *帮助准备饭菜和个人卫生 |
| | | |
− | *Providing medical equipment | + | *提供医疗设备 |
| | | |
− | For many patients and families, home care can be both rewarding and demanding. It can change relationships and require families to cope with all aspects of patient care. New issues may also arise that families need to address such as the logistics of having home care providers coming into the home at regular intervals. To prepare for these changes, patients and caregivers should ask questions and get as much information as possible from the home care team or organization. A doctor, nurse, or social worker can provide information about a patient’s specific needs, the availability of services, and the local home care agencies.
| + | 对于许多患者和家庭来说,家庭护理既有益又要求高。 它可以改变人际关系,并要求家人应对患者护理的各个方面。 家庭可能需要解决的新问题也出现了,例如让家庭护理提供者定期进入家庭的后勤工作。 为应对这些变化,患者和护理人员应提出问题,并从家庭护理团队或组织获得尽可能多的信息。 医生,护士或社会工作者可以提供有关患者的特定需求,服务的可用性以及当地家庭护理机构的信息。 |
| | | |
− | '''Getting Financial Assistance for Home Care''' | + | '''获得家庭护理的经济援助''' |
| | | |
− | Help with paying for home care services may be available from public or private sources. Private health insurance may cover some home care services, but benefits vary from plan to plan.
| + | 公共或私人来源可能会提供有关支付家庭护理服务的帮助。 私人健康保险可能涵盖某些家庭护理服务,但福利因计划而异。 |
| | | |
− | Some public resources to help pay for home care are:
| + | 一些公共资源可帮助支付家庭护理费用: |
| | | |
− | *Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): A government agency responsible for the administration of several key federal health care programs. Two of these are | + | *医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS):一个政府机构,负责管理几个关键的联邦医疗保健计划。 其中两个是 |
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− | :::*Medicare: A government health insurance program for the elderly or disabled. For information, visit their website or call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227). | + | :::*Medicare:针对老年人或残疾人的政府健康保险计划。 有关信息,请访问其网站或致电1-800-MEDICARE(1-800-633-4227)。 |
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− | :::*Medicaid: A joint federal and state health insurance program for those who need help with medical expenses. Coverage varies by state. | + | :::*医疗补助:针对需要医疗费用帮助的人的联邦和州联合健康保险计划。 覆盖范围因州而异。 |
| | | |
− | ::Both Medicare and Medicaid may cover home care services for patients who qualify, but some rules apply. Talk to a social worker and other members of the health care team to find out more about home care providers and agencies. For more information contact the CMS online or call 1-877-267-2323. | + | ::Medicare和Medicaid都可以为有资格的患者提供家庭护理服务,但一些规则适用。 与社会工作者和医疗保健团队的其他成员交谈,以了解有关家庭护理提供者和机构的更多信息。 有关更多信息,请在线联系CMS或致电1-877-267-2323. |
| | | |
− | *Eldercare Locator: Run by the U.S. Administration on Aging, it provides information about local Area Agencies on Aging and other assistance for older people. These agencies may provide funds for home care. Eldercare Locator can be reached at 1-800-677-1116 for more information. | + | *Eldercare Locator:由美国老龄化管理局管理,它提供有关当地老龄化机构的信息以及为老年人提供的其他帮助。 这些机构可以提供家庭护理资金。 有关更多信息,请致电1-800-677-1116与Eldercare Locator联络。 |
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− | *Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans who are disabled as a result of military service can receive home care services from the U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs (VA). However, only home care services provided by VA hospitals may be used. More information about these benefits can be found on their website or by calling 1–877–222–8387 (1–877–222–VETS). | + | *退伍军人事务部(VA)因服兵役而致残的退伍军人可以从美国退伍军人事务部(VA)获得家庭护理服务。 但是,只能使用VA医院提供的家庭护理服务。 有关这些好处的更多信息,请访问其网站或致电1-877-222-8387(1-877-222-VETS)。 |
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− | For other resources for home care, call the NCI Contact Center at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) or visit cancer.gov.
| + | 有关其他家庭护理资源,请致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI联络中心,或访问Cancer.gov。 |
寻找医疗保健服务
如果您被诊断出患有癌症,为您的癌症护理找到医生和治疗设施是获得最佳治疗的重要一步。
选择医生时,您将需要考虑很多事情。 与您选择的专家相处融洽对您很重要,因为您将与该人紧密合作,以制定有关癌症治疗的决定。
选择医生
在选择要进行癌症治疗的医生时,了解一些用来描述医生的培训和证书的术语可能会有所帮助。 治疗癌症患者的大多数医生是内科医生(他们有医学博士学位)或骨病医生(他们有医学博士学位)。 标准培训包括在大专或大学学习4年,在医学院学习4年,以及通过实习和住院医生接受3至7年的研究生医学教育。 医生必须通过考试,才能获得在本州执业的执照。
专家是在特定领域(例如内科医学)进行过住院医师培训的医生。 独立的专业委员会会在满足必要条件后对医师进行认证,包括满足某些教育和培训标准,获得执业医师执照并通过其专业委员会的考试。 一旦满足这些要求,就可以说医生已获得“主板认证”。
一些治疗癌症的专家是:
- 血液科医师: 专注于血液和相关组织的疾病,包括骨髓,脾脏和淋巴结肿大
- 放射肿瘤学家: 使用X射线和其他形式的辐射来诊断和治疗疾病
- 外科医生: 在身体的几乎任何区域执行手术,并且可能专门从事某种类型的手术
寻找专门从事癌症护理的医生
要找到专门从事癌症护理的医生,请您的初级保健医生推荐一个人。 或者您可能会通过家人朋友的经验认识一位专家。 另外,您当地的医院应该能够为您提供在那儿执业的专家清单。
寻找医生的另一种选择是离您最近的NCI指定的癌症中心。 查找癌症中心页面提供联系信息,以帮助医疗保健提供者和癌症患者转介到美国所有由NCI指定的癌症中心。
下面列出的在线目录还可以帮助您找到癌症护理专家。
- 美国医学专家委员会(ABMS)创建并实施了认证和评估医生的标准,其中列出了满足特定要求并通过专业考试的医生。 请参阅您的医生委员会是否通过认证?退出免责声明
- 美国医学会(AMA)DoctorFinderExit免责声明提供了有关美国持牌医生的信息。
- 美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)成员数据库退出免责声明拥有全球近30,000名肿瘤学家的姓名和隶属关系。
- 美国外科医生学院(ACoS)在其“查找外科医生退出免责声明”数据库中按地区和专业列出了成员外科医生。 也可以在1–800–621–4111达到ACoS。
- 美国整骨疗法协会(AOA)查找DoctorExit免责声明数据库提供了AOA会员的执业骨病医师的在线列表。 也可以在1–800–621–1773处达到AOA。
当地医学会可能还会维护每个专业的医生名单,以供您检查。 公共图书馆和医学图书馆可能会按专业列出按地理位置列出医生姓名的印刷目录。
根据您的健康保险计划,您的选择可能仅限于参与该计划的医生。 您的保险公司可以给您一份参加您的计划的医生名单。 请务必与您正在考虑的医生办公室联系,以确保他或她正在通过您的计划接受新患者。 如果您使用的是联邦或州的医疗保险计划(例如Medicare或Medicaid),那么这样做也很重要。
如果您可以更改健康保险计划,则可能需要先决定要使用哪个医生,然后再选择包含您选择的医生的计划。 您还可以选择在计划之外看医生,然后自己支付更多费用。
为了在您考虑选择哪种医生时做出决定,请考虑一下该医生是否:
- 如果有人不可用,请有人为他们掩盖,并且可以访问您的病历
如果您选择的是外科医生,您将要问:
重要的是要让您选择的医生感觉良好。 在决定癌症治疗时,您将与这个人紧密合作。
获得第二意见
与医生讨论癌症的诊断和治疗计划后,您可能需要征询另一位医生的意见,然后再开始治疗。 这被称为获得第二意见。 为此,您可以请另一位专家审查与您的案件有关的所有材料。 提出第二种意见的医生可能会同意您的第一位医生提出的治疗计划,或者可能会建议您进行更改或采取其他方法。 无论哪种方式,获得第二意见都可能:
获得第二意见非常普遍。 然而,有些患者担心,如果他们要求第二意见,他们的医生会被冒犯。 通常情况恰好相反。 大多数医生欢迎第二意见。 许多健康保险公司会支付第二意见,甚至要求他们提供意见,特别是如果医生建议手术的话。
与医生商讨第二意见时,可能会有所帮助,表示您对自己的护理感到满意,但希望确保您尽可能了解有关治疗方案的信息。 最好让您的医生参与第二观点的治疗,因为他(她)需要向第二观点的医生提供您的病历(例如您的检查结果和X光片)。 您可能需要家人陪同寻求第二意见。
如果您的医生无法建议另一位专家接受第二意见,那么上面列出的许多寻找医生的资源都可以帮助您找到第二位专家。 您也可以致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI的联系中心以获取指导。
选择治疗设施
与选择医生一样,您选择的设施可能仅限于参加您的健康保险计划的那些设施。 如果您已经找到可以治疗癌症的医生,则可能需要根据医生的执业地点选择治疗设施。 或者您的医生可能会推荐可以提供优质护理的设施,以满足您的需求。
考虑使用治疗设施时,需要提出以下问题:
- 是否已按州,消费者或其他团体的护理质量进行了评级?
- 它是否已获得ACS癌症委员会和/或联合委员会等国家认可的认可机构的批准?
- 它可以解释患者的权利和责任吗? 患者可以获取这些信息的副本吗?
- 它是否提供支持服务,例如社会工作者和资源,以在需要时帮助我找到经济援助?
如果您属于健康保险计划,请询问您的保险公司,您所选择的设施是否已被计划批准。 如果您由于选择离开网络或没有保险而决定自己支付治疗费用,请事先与医生讨论可能的费用。 您也将要与医院计费部门联系。 护士和社会工作者也可以为您提供有关承保范围,资格和保险问题的更多信息。
以下资源可以帮助您找到要护理的医院或治疗设施:
- NCI的“查找癌症中心”页面提供了遍布全国的NCI指定的癌症中心的联系信息。
- 美国外科医生学院(ACoS)癌症委员会(CoC)。 ACoS网站有一个可搜索的数据库,该数据库已获得他们认可的癌症治疗计划的“退出免责声明”。 也可以通过1-312-202-5085或通过电子邮件CoC@facs.org与他们联系。
- 联合委员会出口不公开评估和认证美国的医疗保健组织和计划。 它还提供有关选择治疗设施的指南,并提供在线QualityCheck®退出免责声明服务,患者可以使用该服务检查联合委员会是否认可了特定设施并查看其绩效报告。 也可以拨打1-630-792-5000与他们联系。
有关寻找治疗机构的更多信息或帮助,请致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI的联系中心。
如果您不是美国公民,请在美国接受治疗
一些居住在美国以外的人可能希望获得第二意见或在该国接受癌症治疗。 美国的许多机构都为国际癌症患者提供这些服务。 他们还可能提供支持服务,例如语言翻译或在治疗设施附近提供旅行和寻找住所的帮助。
如果您居住在美国以外的地区并且想在该国接受癌症治疗,则应直接与癌症治疗机构联系,以了解他们是否设有国际患者办公室。 NCI指定的癌症中心“查找癌症中心”页面提供了整个美国NCI指定的癌症中心的联系信息。
计划前往美国进行癌症治疗的其他国家/地区的公民,必须首先从其本国的美国大使馆或领事馆获得非移民签证以进行治疗。 签证申请人必须证明他们:
要查找非移民签证所需的费用和文件,并详细了解申请程序,请与您本国的美国大使馆或领事馆联系。 在美国国务院的网站上可以找到指向全球美国大使馆和领事馆网站的链接列表。
有关非移民签证服务的更多信息,请访问美国国务院访客签证页面。 如果您打算前往美国,请确保检查页面上是否有任何可能的更新或更改。
在美国以外寻找治疗设施
许多国家/地区都提供癌症信息服务,以提供信息并回答有关癌症的问题。 他们也许还可以帮助您在您居住的地方附近找到一个癌症治疗机构。
国际癌症信息服务集团(ICISG)是一个由70多个提供癌症信息的组织组成的全球网络,其网站上列出了癌症信息服务的退出免责声明。 或者,您可以通过电子邮件发送“退出免责声明” ICISG以获得问题或评论。
国际癌症控制联盟(UICC)退出免责声明为居住在美国境外希望找到癌症治疗机构的人们提供了另一种资源。 UICC由致力于全球抗击癌症的国际癌症相关组织组成。 这些组织是公众的资源,并且可能具有有关癌症和治疗设施的有用信息。 要在您所在国家或附近找到资源,您可以向UICC发送电子邮件退出免责声明,或通过以下方式与他们联系:
国际癌症控制联盟(UICC)
弗朗特内克斯路62号
1207日内瓦
瑞士
+ 41 22 809 1811
寻找健康保险
《平价医疗法案》改变了健康保险在美国的运作方式,对癌症的预防,筛查和治疗产生了影响。 根据这项医疗保健法,大多数美国人都必须拥有健康保险。
如果您没有健康保险,或者想查看新的选择,则在线健康保险市场可让您根据价格,福利,质量和其他可能的需求比较您所在州的计划。 要了解有关健康保险市场和您的新保险选项的信息,请访问Healthcare.gov或CuidadoDeSalud.gov或致电1-800-318-2596(TTY:1-855-889-4325)拨打免费电话。
家庭护理服务
有时,患者希望在家中得到照顾,以便可以与家人和朋友在熟悉的环境中。 家庭护理服务可以通过与医生,护士,社会工作者,理疗师及其他人员一起使用团队方法来帮助患者留在家里。
如果患者有资格获得家庭护理服务,则此类服务可能包括:
对于许多患者和家庭来说,家庭护理既有益又要求高。 它可以改变人际关系,并要求家人应对患者护理的各个方面。 家庭可能需要解决的新问题也出现了,例如让家庭护理提供者定期进入家庭的后勤工作。 为应对这些变化,患者和护理人员应提出问题,并从家庭护理团队或组织获得尽可能多的信息。 医生,护士或社会工作者可以提供有关患者的特定需求,服务的可用性以及当地家庭护理机构的信息。
获得家庭护理的经济援助
公共或私人来源可能会提供有关支付家庭护理服务的帮助。 私人健康保险可能涵盖某些家庭护理服务,但福利因计划而异。
一些公共资源可帮助支付家庭护理费用:
- 医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS):一个政府机构,负责管理几个关键的联邦医疗保健计划。 其中两个是
- Medicare:针对老年人或残疾人的政府健康保险计划。 有关信息,请访问其网站或致电1-800-MEDICARE(1-800-633-4227)。
- 医疗补助:针对需要医疗费用帮助的人的联邦和州联合健康保险计划。 覆盖范围因州而异。
- Medicare和Medicaid都可以为有资格的患者提供家庭护理服务,但一些规则适用。 与社会工作者和医疗保健团队的其他成员交谈,以了解有关家庭护理提供者和机构的更多信息。 有关更多信息,请在线联系CMS或致电1-877-267-2323.
- Eldercare Locator:由美国老龄化管理局管理,它提供有关当地老龄化机构的信息以及为老年人提供的其他帮助。 这些机构可以提供家庭护理资金。 有关更多信息,请致电1-800-677-1116与Eldercare Locator联络。
- 退伍军人事务部(VA)因服兵役而致残的退伍军人可以从美国退伍军人事务部(VA)获得家庭护理服务。 但是,只能使用VA医院提供的家庭护理服务。 有关这些好处的更多信息,请访问其网站或致电1-877-222-8387(1-877-222-VETS)。
有关其他家庭护理资源,请致电1-800-4-CANCER(1-800-422-6237)致电NCI联络中心,或访问Cancer.gov。