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− | [[File:CAM-collage-article.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Complementary and alternative medicine includes practices such as massage, acupuncture, tai chi, and drinking green tea.]] | + | [[File:CAM-collage-article.jpg|300px|thumb|right|补充医学和替代医学包括按摩,针灸,太极拳和喝绿茶等做法。]] |
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− | Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard medical care.
| + | 补充和替代医学(CAM)是不属于标准医疗服务的医疗产品和惯例的术语。 |
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− | :*'''Standard medical care''' is medicine that is practiced by health professionals who hold an M.D. (medical doctor) or D.O. (doctor of osteopathy) degree. It is also practiced by other health professionals, such as physical therapists, physician assistants, psychologists, and registered nurses. Standard medicine may also be called biomedicine or allopathic, Western, mainstream, orthodox, or regular medicine. Some standard medical care practitioners are also practitioners of CAM. | + | :*'''标准医疗''' 是持有医学博士学位(医学博士学位)或医学博士学位的卫生专业人员实践的药物。 (骨病医生)学位。 其他保健专业人员(例如理疗师,医师助理,心理学家和注册护士)也采用这种方法。 标准药物也可以称为生物医学或同种疗法,西方,主流,正统或常规医学。 一些标准的医疗从业人员也是CAM的从业人员。 |
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− | :*'''Complementary medicine''' is treatments that are used along with standard medical treatments but are not considered to be standard treatments. One example is using acupuncture to help lessen some side effects of cancer treatment. | + | :*'''补充医学''' 是沿着使用标准的医学治疗,但不被认为是标准的治疗方法治疗。一个例子是使用针灸来帮助减轻癌症治疗的一些副作用。 |
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− | :*'''Alternative medicine''' is treatments that are used instead of standard medical treatments. One example is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of anticancer drugs that are prescribed by an oncologist. | + | :*'''替代药物''' 是用来代替标准医疗的疗法。 一个例子是使用特殊饮食来治疗癌症,而不是由肿瘤科医生处方的抗癌药物。 |
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− | :*'''Integrative medicine''' is a total approach to medical care that combines standard medicine with the CAM practices that have been shown to be safe and effective. They treat the patient's mind, body, and spirit. | + | :*'''中西医结合''' 是将标准药物与已证明是安全有效的CAM做法相结合的整体医疗护理方法。 他们对待患者的思想,身体和精神。 |
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− | NCI provides evidence-based PDQ information for many CAM therapies in versions for both the patient and health professional.
| + | NCI为患者和医护人员提供了许多版本的CAM治疗的循证PDQ信息。 |
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− | '''Are CAM Approaches Safe?''' | + | '''CAM方法安全吗?''' |
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− | Some CAM therapies have undergone careful evaluation and have been found to be safe and effective. However there are others that have been found to be ineffective or possibly harmful. Less is known about many CAM therapies, and research has been slower for a number of reasons:
| + | 一些CAM疗法经过了认真的评估,被发现是安全有效的。 但是,发现其他一些无效或可能有害的东西。 人们对许多CAM疗法知之甚少,并且由于以下几个原因,研究进展缓慢: |
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− | :*Time and funding issues | + | :*时间和资金问题 |
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− | :*Problems finding institutions and cancer researchers to work with on the studies | + | :*寻找机构和癌症研究人员进行研究的问题 |
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− | :*Regulatory issues | + | :*监管问题 |
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− | CAM therapies need to be evaluated with the same long and careful research process used to evaluate standard treatments. Standard cancer treatments have generally been studied for safety and effectiveness through an intense scientific process that includes clinical trials with large numbers of patients.
| + | CAM疗法需要使用与评估标准疗法相同的漫长而仔细的研究过程进行评估。 通常已经通过包括对大量患者进行临床试验在内的激烈科学过程对标准癌症治疗的安全性和有效性进行了研究。 |
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− | '''Natural Does Not Mean Safe''' | + | '''自然并不意味着安全''' |
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− | CAM therapies include a wide variety of botanicals and nutritional products, such as dietary supplements, herbal supplements, and vitamins. Many of these "natural" products are considered to be safe because they are present in, or produced by, nature. However, that is not true in all cases. In addition, some may affect how well other medicines work in your body. For example, the herb St. John's wort, which some people use for depression, may cause certain anticancer drugs not to work as well as they should.
| + | CAM疗法包括多种植物药和营养产品,例如膳食补充剂,草药补充剂和维生素。 许多“天然”产品被认为是安全的,因为它们存在于自然界或由自然界生产。 但是,并非在所有情况下都是如此。 此外,某些药物可能会影响其他药物在您体内的作用。 例如,某些人用来抑制抑郁的草药圣约翰草可能会导致某些抗癌药物无法正常发挥作用。 |
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− | Herbal supplements may be harmful when taken by themselves, with other substances, or in large doses. For example, some studies have shown that kava kava, an herb that has been used to help with stress and anxiety, may cause liver damage.
| + | 本身,与其他物质或大剂量服用时,草药补品可能有害。 例如,一些研究表明,卡瓦卡瓦(一种用于缓解压力和焦虑的草药)可能会引起肝脏损害。 |
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− | Vitamins can also have unwanted effects in your body. For example, some studies show that high doses of vitamins, even vitamin C, may affect how chemotherapy and radiation work. Too much of any vitamin is not safe, even in a healthy person.
| + | 维生素也会对您的身体产生不良影响。 例如,一些研究表明,高剂量的维生素,甚至维生素C,都可能影响化学疗法和放射线的工作方式。 太多的维生素都不安全,即使在健康的人中也是如此。 |
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− | Tell your doctor if you're taking any dietary supplements, no matter how safe you think they are. This is very important. Even though there may be ads or claims that something has been used for years, they do not prove that it's safe or effective.
| + | 告诉您的医生,如果您服用任何营养补品,无论您认为它们有多安全。 这个非常重要。 即使可能有广告或声称某物已使用多年,它们也不能证明其安全性或有效性。 |
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− | Supplements do not have to be approved by the federal government before being sold to the public. Also, a prescription is not needed to buy them. Therefore, it's up to consumers to decide what is best for them.
| + | 补品在出售给公众之前无需获得联邦政府的批准。 而且,不需要处方即可购买它们。 因此,由消费者决定最适合他们的是什么。 |
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− | NCI and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) are currently sponsoring or cosponsoring various clinical trials that test CAM treatments and therapies in people. Some study the effects of complementary approaches used in addition to conventional treatments, and some compare alternative therapies with conventional treatments. Find all cancer CAM clinical trials.
| + | NCI和国家补充与综合健康中心(NCCIH)目前正在赞助或赞助各种测试CAM疗法和疗法的临床试验。 一些研究了除常规治疗外使用的补充疗法的效果,还有一些将替代疗法与常规治疗进行了比较。 查找所有癌症CAM临床试验。 |
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− | '''What Should Patients Do When Using or Considering CAM Therapies?''' | + | '''患者在使用或考虑CAM治疗时应该怎么做?''' |
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− | Cancer patients who are using or considering using complementary or alternative therapy should talk with their doctor or nurse. Some therapies may interfere with standard treatment or even be harmful. It is also a good idea to learn whether the therapy has been proven to do what it claims to do.
| + | 正在使用或正在考虑使用补充疗法或替代疗法的癌症患者应与医生或护士交谈。 一些疗法可能会干扰标准疗法,甚至有害。 了解该疗法是否已被证明可以实现其声称的功能,也是一个好主意。 |
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− | To find a CAM practitioner, ask your doctor or nurse to suggest someone. Or ask if someone at your cancer center, such as a social worker or physical therapist can help you. Choosing a CAM practitioner should be done with as much care as choosing a primary care provider.
| + | 要找到CAM从业人员,请您的医生或护士推荐某人。 或询问癌症中心的某人,例如社会工作者或理疗师是否可以为您提供帮助。 选择CAM从业人员应与选择初级保健提供者一样多。 |
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− | Patients, their families, and their health care providers can learn about CAM therapies and practitioners from the following government agencies:
| + | 患者,其家庭及其医疗保健提供者可以从以下政府机构了解CAM治疗方法和从业人员: |
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− | :*National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health | + | :*国家补充与综合健康中心 |
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− | :*NCI Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine | + | :*NCI癌症补充与替代医学办公室 |
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− | :*Office of Dietary Supplements | + | :*膳食补充剂办公室 |
补充和替代医学
补充医学和替代医学包括按摩,针灸,太极拳和喝绿茶等做法。
补充和替代医学(CAM)是不属于标准医疗服务的医疗产品和惯例的术语。
- 标准医疗 是持有医学博士学位(医学博士学位)或医学博士学位的卫生专业人员实践的药物。 (骨病医生)学位。 其他保健专业人员(例如理疗师,医师助理,心理学家和注册护士)也采用这种方法。 标准药物也可以称为生物医学或同种疗法,西方,主流,正统或常规医学。 一些标准的医疗从业人员也是CAM的从业人员。
- 补充医学 是沿着使用标准的医学治疗,但不被认为是标准的治疗方法治疗。一个例子是使用针灸来帮助减轻癌症治疗的一些副作用。
- 替代药物 是用来代替标准医疗的疗法。 一个例子是使用特殊饮食来治疗癌症,而不是由肿瘤科医生处方的抗癌药物。
- 中西医结合 是将标准药物与已证明是安全有效的CAM做法相结合的整体医疗护理方法。 他们对待患者的思想,身体和精神。
NCI为患者和医护人员提供了许多版本的CAM治疗的循证PDQ信息。
CAM方法安全吗?
一些CAM疗法经过了认真的评估,被发现是安全有效的。 但是,发现其他一些无效或可能有害的东西。 人们对许多CAM疗法知之甚少,并且由于以下几个原因,研究进展缓慢:
CAM疗法需要使用与评估标准疗法相同的漫长而仔细的研究过程进行评估。 通常已经通过包括对大量患者进行临床试验在内的激烈科学过程对标准癌症治疗的安全性和有效性进行了研究。
自然并不意味着安全
CAM疗法包括多种植物药和营养产品,例如膳食补充剂,草药补充剂和维生素。 许多“天然”产品被认为是安全的,因为它们存在于自然界或由自然界生产。 但是,并非在所有情况下都是如此。 此外,某些药物可能会影响其他药物在您体内的作用。 例如,某些人用来抑制抑郁的草药圣约翰草可能会导致某些抗癌药物无法正常发挥作用。
本身,与其他物质或大剂量服用时,草药补品可能有害。 例如,一些研究表明,卡瓦卡瓦(一种用于缓解压力和焦虑的草药)可能会引起肝脏损害。
维生素也会对您的身体产生不良影响。 例如,一些研究表明,高剂量的维生素,甚至维生素C,都可能影响化学疗法和放射线的工作方式。 太多的维生素都不安全,即使在健康的人中也是如此。
告诉您的医生,如果您服用任何营养补品,无论您认为它们有多安全。 这个非常重要。 即使可能有广告或声称某物已使用多年,它们也不能证明其安全性或有效性。
补品在出售给公众之前无需获得联邦政府的批准。 而且,不需要处方即可购买它们。 因此,由消费者决定最适合他们的是什么。
NCI和国家补充与综合健康中心(NCCIH)目前正在赞助或赞助各种测试CAM疗法和疗法的临床试验。 一些研究了除常规治疗外使用的补充疗法的效果,还有一些将替代疗法与常规治疗进行了比较。 查找所有癌症CAM临床试验。
患者在使用或考虑CAM治疗时应该怎么做?
正在使用或正在考虑使用补充疗法或替代疗法的癌症患者应与医生或护士交谈。 一些疗法可能会干扰标准疗法,甚至有害。 了解该疗法是否已被证明可以实现其声称的功能,也是一个好主意。
要找到CAM从业人员,请您的医生或护士推荐某人。 或询问癌症中心的某人,例如社会工作者或理疗师是否可以为您提供帮助。 选择CAM从业人员应与选择初级保健提供者一样多。
患者,其家庭及其医疗保健提供者可以从以下政府机构了解CAM治疗方法和从业人员: